View source for Diego Rivera

{{Short description|Mexican muralist (1886–1957)}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{family name hatnote|Rivera y Barrientos|Acosta y Rodríguez|lang=Spanish}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox artist
| name             = Diego Rivera
| image            = Diego Rivera - Google Art Project (cropped).jpg
| caption          = Rivera in 1957
| birth_name       = Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez
| birth_date       = {{birth date|1886|12|8}}
| birth_place      = [[Guanajuato (city)|Guanajuato]], Mexico
| death_date       = {{death date and age|1957|11|24|1886|12|8}}
| death_place      = [[Mexico City]], Mexico
| movement         = {{hlist|[[Cubism]] | [[Realism (arts)|Realism]] | [[Mexican muralism]]}}
| spouse           = {{Plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Angelina Beloff]]|1911|1921|end=div}}
* {{marriage|[[Guadalupe Marín]]|1922|1928|end=div}}
* {{marriage|[[Frida Kahlo]] |1929|1939|end=div}}
* {{marriage|<!--Frida Kahlo-->|1940|1954|end=d}}
* {{marriage|Emma Hurtado|1955}} 
}}
| relatives        = {{plainlist|
*[[Marika Rivera]] (daughter)
*[[Ruth Rivera Marín]] (daughter)}}
| field            = [[Painting]], [[mural]]s
| training         = San Carlos Academy
| works            = ''[[Man at the Crossroads|Man, Controller of the Universe]]'', ''[[The History of Mexico (mural)|The History of Mexico]]'', ''[[Detroit Industry Murals]]'', ''[[Man at the Crossroads]]''
| resting_place    = [[Panteón de Dolores]], Mexico
}}

'''Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez''' ({{IPA|es|ˈdjeɣo riˈβeɾa}}; December 8, 1886 – November 24, 1957) was a Mexican painter. His large [[fresco]]es helped establish the [[Mexican muralism|mural movement]] in [[Mexican art|Mexican]] and international art.

Between 1922 and 1953, Rivera painted [[mural]]s in, among other places, [[Mexico City]], [[Chapingo]], and [[Cuernavaca]], Mexico; and [[San Francisco]], [[Detroit]], and [[New York City]]. In 1931, a retrospective exhibition of his works was held at the [[Museum of Modern Art]] in [[Manhattan]], shortly before Rivera's commencement of his 27-mural series known as ''[[Detroit Industry Murals]]'' the next year.

Rivera had four wives and numerous children, including at least one [[illegitimate]] daughter. His first child and only son died at the age of two. His third wife was fellow Mexican artist [[Frida Kahlo]], with whom he had a volatile relationship that continued until her death. His previous two marriages, ending in divorce, were respectively to a fellow artist and a novelist, and his final marriage was to his agent.

Due to his importance in the country's art history, the government of Mexico declared Rivera's works as ''[[National Monuments of Mexico|monumentos históricos]]''.<ref name="gtlaw">{{cite web |title=In love with Diego or Frida? A brief look at Mexican art regulations |url=https://www.gtlaw-culturalassets.com/2014/11/in-love-with-diego-or-frida-a-brief-look-at-mexican-art-regulations/ |website=Cultural Assets |first=Greenberg|last=Traurig|access-date=8 January 2021 |date=26 November 2014}}</ref> Rivera holds the record for highest price at auction for a work by a [[Latin American art]]ist. The 1931 painting ''The Rivals'', part of the record-setting collection of [[Margaret Rockefeller|Peggy Rockefeller]] and [[David Rockefeller]], sold for US$9.76 million at a 2018 [[Christie's]] auction.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Feingold |first1=Spencer |title=Diego Rivera painting becomes highest-priced Latin American art |url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/diego-rivera-painting-world-record-kalho/index.html |website=CNN |date=10 May 2018|access-date=9 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:Frida Kahlo Diego Rivera 1932.jpg|thumbnail|left|upright|[[Frida Kahlo]] and Diego Rivera in 1932, photo by: [[Carl Van Vechten]]]]
[[File:Amedeo Modigliani 038.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Amedeo Modigliani]], ''Portrait of Diego Rivera'', 1914]]

Rivera was born on December 8, 1886, in [[Guanajuato]], [[Mexico]], to María del Pilar Barrientos and Diego Rivera Acosta, a well-to-do couple.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Marnham |first=Patrick |date=1998 |title=Dreaming With His Eyes Open, A Life of Diego Rivera |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/marnham-dreaming.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116095645/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/marnham-dreaming.html |archive-date=November 16, 2018 |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> His twin brother Carlos died at the age of two.<ref>[http://www.notablebiographies.com/Pu-Ro/Rivera-Diego.html#ixzz12GO9KaN6His online biography] Retrieved October 13, 2010</ref>

His mother María del Pilar Barrientos was said to have ''[[converso]]'' ancestry ([[Spanish and Portuguese Jews|Spanish ancestors]] who [[Forced conversion|were forced to convert]] from [[Judaism]] to [[Catholicism]] in the 15th and 16th centuries).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lipman |first=Jennifer |date=November 24, 2010 |title=On this day: Diego Rivera dies, November 24 1957: a portrait of an artist|url=https://www.thejc.com/news/on-day/41680/on-day-diego-rivera-dies |url-status=live |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Jewish Chronicle |quote=His mother was a Converso, a Jew whose ancestors had been forced to convert to Catholicism. Although he was not raised as a Jew and later declared himself an atheist|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221180335/http://thejc.com/news/on-day/41680/on-day-diego-rivera-dies |archive-date=December 21, 2010 }}</ref> Rivera wrote in 1935: "My Jewishness is the dominant element in my life", despite never being raised practicing any Jewish faith, Rivera felt that his Jewish ancestry informed his art and gave him "sympathy with the downtrodden masses".<ref>{{cite web |title=Mexico Virtual Jewish History Tour |url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Mexico.html |url-status=live |access-date=September 20, 2012 |website=Jewish Virtual Library, A Project of Aice |publisher=American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030123122210/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org:80/jsource/vjw/Mexico.html |archive-date=January 23, 2003 }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Diego was of Spanish, Amerindian, African, Italian, Jewish, Russian, and [[Portuguese people|Portuguese descent]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=A ascendência portuguesa de Diego Rivera {{!}} BUALA |url=https://www.buala.org/pt/cara-a-cara/a-ascendencia-portuguesa-de-diego-rivera |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=www.buala.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=O sangue português de Diego Rivera |date=September 12, 2018 |url=https://www.noticiasmagazine.pt/2018/sangue-portugues-diego-rivera/historias/231028/}}</ref>

Rivera began drawing at the age of three, a year after his twin brother died. When he was caught drawing on the walls of the house, his parents installed chalkboards and canvas on the walls to encourage him.

===Marriages and family===
After moving to [[Paris]], Rivera met [[Angelina Beloff]], an artist from the pre-Revolutionary Russian Empire. They married in 1911, and had a son, Diego (1916–1918), who died young. During that time, Rivera also had a relationship with painter [[Marie Vorobieff|Maria Vorobieff-Stebelska]], who gave birth to a daughter named [[Marika Rivera]] in 1918 or 1919.<ref>Angelina Beloff, ''Memorias''</ref>{{page needed |date=February 2010}}
[[File:Retrato de Anguelina Беловой.webp|thumb|Portrait of Angelina Beloff, 1918]]
Rivera divorced Beloff and married [[Guadalupe Marín]] as his second wife in June 1922, after having returned to Mexico. They had two daughters, [[Ruth Rivera Marín|Ruth]] and [[Guadalupe Rivera Marín|Guadalupe]].

[[File:Diego-rivera-en-Paris.jpg|thumb|right|200px|From left to right, top to bottom, Leon Caillou, Rivera, [[David Alfaro Siqueiros]], Magda Caillou, [[Angelina Beloff]], Graciela Amador in [[Paris]], 1920]]

He was still married when he met art student [[Frida Kahlo]] in Mexico. They began a passionate affair and, after he divorced Marín, Rivera married Kahlo on August 21, 1929. He was 42 and she was 22. Their mutual infidelities and his violent temper resulted in divorce in 1939, but they remarried December 8, 1940, in [[San Francisco]]. A year after Kahlo's death, on July 29, 1955, Rivera married Emma Hurtado, his agent since 1946. In his later years Rivera lived in the United States and Mexico. Rivera died on November 24, 1957, at the age of 70. He was buried at the [[Panteón de Dolores]] in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |title=Diego Rivera — Biography |url=http://www.artinthepicture.com/artists/Diego_Rivera/biography.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214130344/http://www.artinthepicture.com/artists/Diego_Rivera/biography.html |archive-date=December 14, 2007 |access-date=December 14, 2007 |publisher=artinthepicture.com}}</ref>

===Personal beliefs===
Rivera was an [[atheist]]. His mural ''Dreams of a Sunday in the Alameda'' depicted [[Ignacio Ramírez (politician)|Ignacio Ramírez]] holding a sign that read, "God does not exist". This work caused a furor, but Rivera refused to remove the inscription. The painting was not shown for nine years – until Rivera agreed to remove the inscription. He said, "To affirm 'God does not exist', I do not have to hide behind Don Ignacio Ramírez; I am an atheist and I consider religions to be a form of collective neurosis."<ref>{{cite book|first=Philip|last=Stein|title=Siqueiros: His Life and Works|publisher=International Publishers Co.|location=New York City|date=1994|isbn=0-7178-0706-1|page=176}}</ref>

===Art education and circle===
From the age of ten, Rivera studied art at the [[Academy of San Carlos]] in [[Mexico City]]. He was sponsored to continue study in Europe by [[Teodoro A. Dehesa Méndez]], the governor of the State of [[Veracruz]]. After arriving in Europe in 1907, Rivera first went to [[Madrid, Spain]] to study with Eduardo Chicharro.

From there he went to Paris, a destination for young European and American artists and writers, who settled in inexpensive flats in [[Montparnasse]]. His circle frequented [[La Ruche (residence)|La Ruche]], where his Italian friend [[Amedeo Modigliani]] painted his portrait in 1914.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/32357038@N08/3590825086/ |title=Modigliani, Amedeo - 1914 Portrait of Diego Rivera (Museo de Arte, Sao Paolo, Brazil) &#124; Flickr - Photo Sharing! |date=June 2, 2009 |publisher=Flickr |access-date=December 8, 2011}}</ref> His circle of close friends included [[Ilya Ehrenburg]], [[Chaïm Soutine]], Modigliani and his wife [[Jeanne Hébuterne]], [[Max Jacob]], gallery owner [[Léopold Zborowski]], and [[Moise Kisling]]. Rivera's former lover Marie Vorobieff-Stebelska (Marevna) honored the circle in her painting ''Homage to Friends from Montparnasse'' (1962).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rusmuseum.ru/eng/exhibitions/?id=140&year=2003&pic=4 |title=M. Marevna, 'Homage to Friends from Montparnasse', 1962, A private collection, Moscow |publisher=The State Russian Museum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011211113/http://rusmuseum.ru/eng/exhibitions/?id=140&year=2003&pic=4 |archive-date=October 11, 2007 |access-date=December 14, 2007}}</ref>

In those years, some prominent young painters were experimenting with an art form that would later be known as [[Cubism]], a movement led by [[Pablo Picasso]] and [[Georges Braque]]. From 1913 to 1917, Rivera enthusiastically embraced this new style.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Millet, Francis Davis (1846-1912), artist and writer |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=February 2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online |doi = 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1700588}}</ref> Around 1917, inspired by [[Paul Cézanne]]'s paintings, Rivera shifted toward [[Post-Impressionism]], using simple forms and large patches of vivid colors. His paintings began to attract attention, and he was able to display them at several exhibitions.

Rivera claimed in his autobiography that, while in Mexico in 1904, he engaged in cannibalism, pooling his money with others to "purchase cadavers from the city morgue" and particularly "relish[ing] women's brains in vinaigrette".<ref>Rivera, Diego, ''My Art, My Life: An Autobiography'' (with Gladys March), New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1991, p. 20; originally published by The Citadel Press, New York, 1960.</ref><ref>[http://movies2.nytimes.com/books/98/12/20/reviews/981220.20kimmelt.html ''Sleeping With the Enemy'']</ref><ref>[http://www.diegorivera.com/?p=83 An experiment in cannibalism]</ref> This claim has been considered factually suspect<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6L7bToxDZL0C&q=%22diego+rivera%22&pg=PA209 Lewis F. Petrinovich, ''The Cannibal Within''], Transaction Publishers, 2000, {{ISBN|0202369501}}</ref> or an elaborate lie.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=zZbqAAAAMAAJ&q=diego+rivera,+cannibalism Pete Hamill, ''Diego Rivera''], Harry N. Abrams, 1999, {{ISBN|0810932342}}</ref> He wrote in his autobiography:<!-- name and publication date, page --> "I believe that when man evolves a civilization higher than the mechanized but still primitive one he has now, the eating of human flesh will be sanctioned. For then man will have thrown off all of his superstitions and irrational taboos."<ref>Rivera, Diego, ''My Art, My Life: An Autobiography'' (with Gladys March), 1991, p. 21.</ref>

==Career in Mexico==

In 1920, urged by [[Alberto J. Pani]], the Mexican ambassador to France, Rivera left France and traveled through Italy studying its art, including [[Renaissance]] [[fresco]]es. After [[José Vasconcelos]] became Minister of Education, Rivera returned to Mexico in 1921 to become involved in the government sponsored Mexican [[mural]] program planned by Vasconcelos.<ref>{{cite web|title=Diego Rivera: Biography|url=http://www.leninimports.com/diego_rivera.html|access-date=September 22, 2007}}</ref> {{crossreference|See also [[Mexican muralism]].}} The program included such [[Mexican people|Mexican]] artists as [[José Clemente Orozco]], [[David Alfaro Siqueiros]], and [[Rufino Tamayo]], and the French artist [[Jean Charlot]]. In January 1922,<ref name=chronology>{{cite web|title=Diego Rivera: Chronology|url=http://www.geocities.com/laboronita/dr2.html|publisher=Yahoo! GeoCities|access-date=September 21, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308142854/http://www.geocities.com/laboronita/dr2.html|archive-date=March 8, 2008}}</ref>{{self-published inline|certain=y|date=September 2022}} he painted–experimentally in [[Encaustic painting|encaustic]]–his first significant mural ''Creation''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.abcgallery.com/R/rivera/rivera128.html |title=Diego Rivera. Creation. / La creación. 1922–3 |publisher=Olga's Gallery |access-date=December 14, 2007 }}</ref> in the Bolívar Auditorium of the [[National Preparatory School]] in Mexico City while guarding himself with a pistol against [[right-wing]] students.
[[File:Bodegón español.webp|thumb|''Bodegón español'', 1918]]
In the autumn of 1922, Rivera participated in the founding of the Revolutionary Union of Technical Workers, Painters and Sculptors, and later that year he joined the [[Mexican Communist Party]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Diego Rivera|url=http://www.fbuch.com/diego.htm|publisher=Fred Buch|access-date=September 22, 2007}}</ref> (including its [[Central Committee]]). His murals, subsequently painted only in [[fresco]], are about Mexican society and reflected the country's [[Mexican Revolution|1910 Revolution]]. Rivera developed his own native style based on large, simplified figures and bold colors with an [[Aztec]] influence clearly present in murals at the [[Secretariat of Public Education]] in [[Mexico City]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.abcgallery.com/R/rivera/rivera-2.html |title=Diego Rivera |publisher=Olga's Gallery |access-date=December 14, 2007 }}</ref> begun in September 1922, intended to consist of one hundred and twenty-four frescoes, and finished in 1928.<ref name=chronology />
Rivera's art work, in a fashion similar to the [[stele]]s of the [[Maya art|Maya]], tells stories. The mural {{lang|es|En el Arsenal}} (''In the Arsenal'')<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.abcgallery.com/R/rivera/rivera25.html |title=Diego Rivera. From the cycle: Political Vision of the Mexican People (Court of Fiestas): Insurrection aka The Distribution of Arms. / El Arsenal – Frida Kahlo repartiendoarmas |publisher=Olga's Gallery |access-date=December 14, 2007 }}</ref> shows on the right-hand side [[Tina Modotti]] holding an ammunition belt and facing [[Julio Antonio Mella]], in a light hat, and [[Vittorio Vidali]] behind in a black hat. However, the {{lang|es|En el Arsenal}} detail shown does not include the right-hand side described nor any of the three individuals mentioned; instead it shows the left-hand side with Frida Kahlo handing out munitions. [[Leon Trotsky]] lived with Rivera and Kahlo for several months while exiled in Mexico.<ref>Chasteen, John Charles. ''Born in Blood and Fire'', W. W. Norton & Company, 2006, p. 225.</ref> Some of Rivera's most famous murals are featured at the National School of Agriculture ([[Chapingo Autonomous University]] of Agriculture) at [[Chapingo]] near [[Texcoco, Mexico State|Texcoco]] (1925–1927), in the [[Palace of Cortes, Cuernavaca|Cortés Palace]] in [[Cuernavaca]] (1929–30), and the [[National Palace (Mexico)|National Palace]] in Mexico City (1929–30, 1935).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Diego Rivera|url=https://www.britannica.com/hispanic_heritage/article-9063801|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=September 21, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Diego Rivera|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/diego-rivera|publisher=Answers.com|access-date=September 21, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Images of Murals by Diego Rivera in the Palacio Nacional de Mexico |url=https://homepages.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/mexico/mexicocity/rivera/muralsintro.html |access-date=2023-09-26 |website=homepages.bluffton.edu}}</ref>

Rivera painted murals in the main hall and corridor at the [[Chapingo Autonomous University]] of Agriculture (UACh). He also painted a fresco mural titled {{lang|es|Tierra Fecundada}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scala Archives -|url=http://www.scalarchives.com/web/ricerca_risultati_adv.asp?SC_Luogo=Universidad+Autonoma,+Chapingo,+Mexico&prmset=on&SC_PROV=RA&SC_Lang=eng|access-date=2022-01-05|website=www.scalarchives.com|archive-date=January 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105164843/http://www.scalarchives.com/web/ricerca_risultati_adv.asp?SC_Luogo=Universidad+Autonoma,+Chapingo,+Mexico&prmset=on&SC_PROV=RA&SC_Lang=eng|url-status=dead}}</ref> (''Fertile Land'' in English) in the university's chapel between 1923 and 1927. ''Fertile Land'' depicts the revolutionary struggles of Mexico's peasant (farmers) and working classes (industry) in part through the depiction of [[hammer and sickle]] joined by a star in the soffit of the chapel. In the mural, a "propagandist" points to another hammer and sickle. The mural features a woman with an ear of [[maize|corn]] in each hand, which art critic Antonio Rodriguez describes as evocative of the Aztec goddess of [[maize]] in his book {{lang|es|Canto a la Tierra: Los murales de Diego Rivera en la Capilla de Chapingo}}.

The corpses of revolutionary heroes [[Emiliano Zapata]] and [[Otilio Montaño Sánchez|Otilio Montano]] are shown in graves, their bodies fertilizing the maize field above. A sunflower in the center of the scene "glorifies those who died for an ideal and are reborn, transfigured, into the fertile cornfield of the nation", writes Rodrigues. The mural also depicts Rivera's wife [[Guadalupe Marin]] as a fertile nude goddess and their daughter Guadalupe Rivera y Marin as a cherub.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://clas.berkeley.edu/research/art-mexico-my-father|title=ART: The Mexico of My Father|date=May 11, 2016}}</ref> The mural was slightly damaged in an earthquake, but has since been repaired and touched up, remaining in pristine form.<!--<ref>eyewitness, journalist [[Julie Mollins]], 2015.</ref>-->{{citation needed|reason=The journalist herself is not a [[WP:V|verifiable]] source. Cite her writings on the subject instead|date=September 2022}}

==Later years==
[[File:Rivera-the-arsenal.jpg|thumb|upright|''En el Arsenal'' (detail), 1928]]
[[Image:Diego Rivera 1932.jpg|right|thumb|upright|Portrait of Diego Rivera, March 19, 1932; photo by Carl Van Vechten]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-36942-0001,_Berlin,_Besuch_Diego_Rivera,_Engel,_Otto_Nagel.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Rivera (left) accompanies the director Rudolf Engel (center)  and vice-president [[Otto Nagel]] (right) of the [[Akademie der Künste der DDR]]; [[Berlin]] [[Berlin Ostbahnhof|Ostbahnhof]], March 21, 1956]]

In the autumn of 1927, Rivera went to [[Moscow]], Soviet Union, having accepted a government invitation to take part in the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the [[October Revolution]]. The following year, while still in the Soviet Union, he met American [[Alfred H. Barr Jr.]], who would soon become Rivera's friend and patron. Barr was the founding director of the [[Museum of Modern Art]] in New York City.<ref name="NYer2011" />

Although commissioned to paint a mural for the [[Red Army]] Club in Moscow, in 1928 Rivera was ordered by authorities to leave the country because, he suspected, of "resentment on the part of certain Soviet artists."<ref>Rivera, Diego, ''My Art, My Life: An Autobiography'' (with Gladys March), 1991, p. 93.</ref> He returned to Mexico. In 1929, after the assassination of former president [[Álvaro Obregón]] the previous year, the government suppressed the [[Mexican Communist Party]]. That year Rivera was expelled from the party because of his suspected [[Leon Trotsky|Trotskyite]] sympathies. In addition, observers noted that his 1928 mural ''In the Arsenal'' includes the figures of communists [[Tina Modotti]], Cuban [[Julio Antonio Mella]], and Italian [[Vittorio Vidali]]. After Mella was murdered in January 1929, allegedly by [[Stalinism|Stalinist]] [[Assassination|assassin]] Vidali, Rivera was accused of having had advance knowledge of a planned attack.

After divorcing his second wife, Guadalupe (Lupe) Marin, Rivera married the much younger [[Frida Kahlo]] in August 1929. They had met when she was a student, and she was 22 years old when they married; Rivera was 42. Also in 1929, American journalist [[Ernestine Evans]]'s book ''The Frescoes of Diego Rivera'', was published in New York City; it was the first English-language book on the artist. In December, Rivera accepted a commission from the American ambassador to Mexico to paint murals in the Palace of Cortés in [[Cuernavaca]], where the US had a consulate.<ref name="commission">{{cite web|title=The Commission |url=http://www.sfai.edu/page.aspx?page=35&navID=79&sectionID=2 |publisher=San Francisco Art Institute |access-date=September 22, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909083539/http://www.sfai.edu/page.aspx?page=35&navID=79&sectionID=2 |archive-date=September 9, 2006 }}</ref>

In September 1930, Rivera accepted a commission by architect [[Timothy L. Pflueger]] for two works related to his design projects in [[San Francisco]]. Rivera and Kahlo went to the city in November. Rivera painted a mural for the City Club of the [[Pacific Exchange|San Francisco Stock Exchange]] for US$2,500.<ref name="Poletti2008">{{cite book|title=Art Deco San Francisco: The Architecture of Timothy Pflueger|last1=Poletti|first1=Therese|last2=Paiva|first2=Tom|year=2008|publisher=Princeton Architectural Press|isbn=978-1-56898-756-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tcUhJJJwCoIC}}</ref> He also completed a fresco for the California School of Fine Art, a work that was later relocated to what is now the [[Diego Rivera Gallery]] at the [[San Francisco Art Institute]].<ref name="commission" /> During that period, Rivera and Kahlo worked and lived at the studio of [[Ralph Stackpole]], who had recommended Rivera to Pflueger. Rivera met [[Helen Wills]], a notable American tennis player, who modeled for his City Club mural.<ref name="Poletti2008" />

In November 1931, the [[Museum of Modern Art]] in New York City mounted a retrospective exhibition of Rivera's work; Kahlo attended with him.<ref name="souter">Gerry Souter (2012). [http://www.worldcat.org/search?qt=worldcat_org_all&q=souter+kahlo ''Kahlo'']. New York: Parkstone International.
{{ISBN|9781780424385}}. p.&nbsp;18.</ref> Between 1932 and 1933, Rivera completed a major commission: twenty-seven fresco panels, entitled ''[[Detroit Industry Murals|Detroit Industry]],'' on the walls of an inner court at the [[Detroit Institute of Arts]]. Part of the cost was paid by [[Edsel Ford]], scion of the entrepreneur.

During the [[McCarthyism]] of the 1950s, a [[commons:Image:Diego Rivera Mural Sign.jpg|large sign]] was placed in the courtyard defending the artistic merit of the murals while attacking his politics as "detestable."<ref name="NYer2011">{{Cite magazine |last1=Schjeldahl |first1=Peter |author-link=Peter Schjeldahl |date=November 28, 2011 |title=The Painting on the Wall |magazine=The New Yorker |publisher=Condé Nast |pages=84–85 |url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/artworld/2011/11/28/111128craw_artworld_schjeldahl |access-date=January 12, 2012 }}</ref>

[[File:San-Angel-Casa-Rivera-Kahlo.jpg|thumb|left|House of Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo (built by [[Juan O'Gorman]] in 1930)]]

His mural ''[[Man at the Crossroads]]'', originally a three-paneled work,<ref>{{Cite news|last=O'Sullivan|first=Michael|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/museums/man-at-the-crossroads-art-review/2014/01/23/d72a5fa0-7fc1-11e3-9556-4a4bf7bcbd84_story.html|title='Man at the Crossroads' art review|date=2014-01-23|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=2020-04-21|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> begun as a commission for [[John D. Rockefeller Jr.]] in 1933 for the [[Rockefeller Center]] in New York City, was later destroyed. Because it included a portrait of [[Vladimir Lenin]], former leader of the Soviet Union and [[Marxist]] pro-worker content, Rockefeller's son, the press, and some of the public protested, but the decision to destroy it was made by the management company. Anti-Communism ran high in some American circles, although many others in this period of the [[Great Depression]] had been drawn to the movement as offering hope to labor.

When Rivera refused to remove Lenin from the painting, he was ordered to leave the US. One of Rivera's assistants managed to take a few photographs of the work so Diego was able to later recreate it. American poet [[Archibald MacLeish]] wrote six "irony-laden" poems about the mural.<ref name="enotes">{{cite web|url=http://www.enotes.com/poetry-criticism/macleish-archibald |title=Archibald MacLeish Criticism |publisher=Enotes.com |access-date=December 8, 2011}}</ref> ''[[The New Yorker]]'' magazine published [[E. B. White]]'s light poem, "I paint what I see: A ballad of artistic integrity", also in response to the controversy with number of sponsors taking offense to it.<ref name="art-talks">{{cite web|url=http://art-talks.org/rivera-poem.htm |title=I paint what I see |first=E. B.|last= White|magazine=The New Yorker|publisher=Art-talks.org |date=May 20, 1933 |access-date=December 8, 2011}}</ref> As a result of the negative publicity, officials in Chicago cancelled their commission for Rivera to paint a mural for the [[Chicago]] [[World's Fair]]. Rivera released a press statement, saying that he would use the remaining money from his commission at Rockefeller Center to repaint the same mural, over and over, wherever he was asked, until the money ran out. He had been paid in full although the mural was reportedly destroyed. There have been rumors that the mural was covered over rather than removed and destroyed, but this has not been confirmed. In December 1933, Rivera returned to Mexico. He repainted ''Man at the Crossroads'' in 1934 in the [[Palacio de Bellas Artes]] in Mexico City, calling this version ''[[Man, Controller of the Universe]]''.

[[File:Rivera Mural going up at SFMOMA July 19 2021--photo by Steven Saylor.jpg|thumb|325px|Diego Rivera's ''Pan American Unity'' mural (1940) under restoration in the Roberts Family Gallery at [[SFMOMA]], July 19, 2021;<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.sfmoma.org/exhibition/pan-american-unity/| title = Pan American Unity: A Mural by Diego Rivera| access-date = June 1, 2024 | website = www.sfmoma.org}}</ref> photo by [[Steven Saylor]]]]

On June 5, 1940, invited again by Pflueger, Rivera returned for the last time to the United States to paint a ten-panel mural for the [[Golden Gate International Exposition]] in San Francisco. His work, ''[[Pan American Unity]]'' was completed November 29, 1940. Rivera painted in front of attendees at the Exposition, which had already opened. He received US$1,000 per month and US$1,000 for travel expenses.<ref name="Poletti2008"/> The mural includes representations of two of Pflueger's architectural works, and portraits of Rivera's wife, Frida Kahlo, woodcarver [[Dudley C. Carter]], and actress [[Paulette Goddard]]. She is shown holding Rivera's hand as they plant a white tree together.<ref name="Poletti2008"/> Rivera's assistants on the mural included [[Thelma Johnson Streat]], a pioneer African-American artist, dancer, and textile designer. The mural and its archives are now held by [[City College of San Francisco]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.riveramural.org |website=The Diego Rivera Mural Project|title=City College's "Pan American Unity" is at SFMOMA! |publisher=City College of San Francisco |access-date=December 14, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ccsf.edu/NEW/en/about-city-college/diego-rivera-mural.html |title=Pan American Unity Mural |publisher=City College of San Francisco |access-date=July 17, 2013 |archive-date=July 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722002034/http://www.ccsf.edu/NEW/en/about-city-college/diego-rivera-mural.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 1946-47, Rivera painted ''A Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda Park'', a fresco that featured a fully elaborated figure of [[La Calavera Catrina]]. This character, which was created by [[José Guadalupe Posada]], originally consisted of a print depicting the head and shoulders of a skeletal woman in a big hat. Rivera endowed his Catrina figure with indigenous features and thus transformed her into a nationalist icon. Catrina is the most common image associated with [[Day of the Dead]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cordova |first=Ruben C. |date=2019 |title=José Guadalupe Posada and Diego Rivera Fashion Catrina: From Sellout To National Icon (and Back Again?) |url=https://glasstire.com/2019/11/02/jose-guadalupe-posada-and-diego-rivera-fashion-catrina-from-sellout-to-national-icon-and-back-again/ |access-date=March 13, 2023}}</ref>

===Membership in AMORC===
[[File:DiegoRiveraTombFrontDoloresDF.JPG|thumb|upright|The Tomb of Diego Rivera in The Rotunda of Illustrious Persons inside the [[Panteón de Dolores]]]]

In 1926, Rivera became a member of AMORC, the [[Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis]], an occult organization founded by American occultist [[Harvey Spencer Lewis]]. In 1926, Rivera was among the founders of AMORC's Mexico City lodge, called Quetzalcoatl after an ancient indigenous god. He painted an image of [[Quetzalcoatl]] for the local temple.<ref>Raquel Tibol, "Apareció la serpiente: Diego Rivera y los rosacruces," ''Proceso'' 701 (April 9, 1990), pp. 50–53.</ref>

In 1954, Rivera tried to be readmitted into the Mexican Communist Party. He had been expelled in part because of his support of [[Trotsky]], who had been exiled and assassinated years before in Mexico. Rivera was required to justify his AMORC activities. At the time, the Mexican Communist Party excluded persons involved in [[Freemasonry]], and regarded AMORC as suspiciously similar to Freemasonry.<ref>Tibol, "Apareció la serpiente," p.53</ref> Rivera told his questioners that, by joining AMORC, he wanted to infiltrate a typical "Yankee" organization on behalf of Communism. However, he also claimed that AMORC was "essentially [[materialist]], insofar as it only admits different states of energy and matter, and is based on ancient Egyptian occult knowledge from [[Amenhotep IV]] and [[Nefertiti]]."<ref>Diego Rivera, ''Arte y política'', México: Grijalbo, 1979, p. 354. {{ISBN|968-419-083-2}}.</ref>

===Representation in other media===
Diego Rivera has been portrayed in several films. He was played by [[Rubén Blades]] in ''[[Cradle Will Rock]]'' (1999), by [[Alfred Molina]] in ''[[Frida (2002 film)|Frida]]'' (2002), and (in a brief appearance) by José Montini in ''[[Eisenstein in Guanajuato]]'' (2015).

[[Barbara Kingsolver]]'s novel, ''[[The Lacuna]]'' features Rivera, Kahlo, and Leon Trotsky as major characters. An important scene of the Netflix television series ''[[Sense8]]'' (Episode S1E8 ''Death Doesn't Let You Say Goodbye,'' broadcast in 2015) is played in the [[Anahuacalli Museum]], called “Diego Rivera Museum” by the Lito character. He and his co-sensate, Nomi, discuss about Rivera sitting in front of what is supposed to be a sketch of Rivera's ''[[Man at the Crossroads]]'' mural for the Rockefeller Center, destroyed in 1933 by Rockefeller.

==Autobiography==
''My Life, My Art: An Autobiography'', by Diego Rivera, with Gladys March,<ref>Rivera, Diego, ''My Art, My Life: An Autobiography'' (with Gladys March), New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1991; originally published by The Citadel Press, New York, 1960.</ref> was published posthumously in 1960. Beginning with a 1944 interview for a newspaper article, March "spent several months each year with Rivera, eventually filling 2,000 pages with his recollections and interpretations of his art and life", and compiled an autobiography, written in the first person.<ref>[https://store.doverpublications.com/products/9780486269382?_pos=1&_sid=28ec162c0&_ss=r ''My Art, My Life: An Autobiography'']</ref>

==Gallery==
===Paintings===
<gallery widths="170px" heights="170px">
Diego Rivera - Self-portrait with Broad-Brimmed Hat - Google Art Project.jpg|''Self-portrait with Broad-Brimmed Hat'', 1907, 84.5 × 61.5&nbsp;cm. [[Museo Dolores Olmedo]]
Diego Rivera - Avila Morning (The Ambles Valley) - Google Art Project.jpg|''Avila Morning (The Ambles Valley)'', 1908, 97 × 123&nbsp;cm. [[Museo Nacional de Arte]]
Diego Rivera - Street in Ávila (Ávila Landscape) - Google Art Project.jpg|''Street in Ávila (Ávila Landscape)'', 1908, 129 × 141&nbsp;cm. Museo Nacional de Arte
Diego Rivera - El Picador - Google Art Project.jpg|''El Picador'', 1909, 177 × 113&nbsp;cm. Museo Dolores Olmedo
Diego Rivera - The House on the Bridge - Google Art Project.jpg|''The House on the Bridge'', 1909, 147 × 121&nbsp;cm. Museo Nacional de Arte
Diego Rivera - After the Storm (The Grounded Ship) - Google Art Project.jpg|''After the Storm (The Grounded Ship)'', 1910, 120.7 × 146.7&nbsp;cm. Museo Nacional de Arte
Diego Rivera - Landscape - Google Art Project.jpg|''Landscape'', 1911. [[Frida Kahlo Museum]].
Diego Rivera - Portrait of Adolfo Best Maugard - Google Art Project.jpg|''Portrait of Adolfo Best Maugard'', 1913, 227.5 × 161.5&nbsp;cm. Museo Nacional de Arte
Diego Rivera, 1912-13, Adoration of the Virgin and Child, oil and encaustic on canvas, 150 x 120 cm, private collection.jpg|''Adoration of the Virgin and Child'', 1912–13, oil and encaustic on canvas, 150 × 120&nbsp;cm, private collection
Diego Rivera - The Sun Breaking through the Mist - Google Art Project.jpg|''The Sun Breaking through the Mist'', 1913, 83.5 × 59&nbsp;cm. Museo Dolores Olmedo
Diego Rivera - The Woman at the Well - Google Art Project.jpg|''The Woman at the Well'', 1913, 145 × 125&nbsp;cm. Museo Nacional de Arte
Diego Rivera - The Alarm Clock - Google Art Project.jpg|''The Alarm Clock'', 1914. Frida Kahlo Museum
Diego Rivera, 1914, Two Women (Dos Mujeres, portrait of Angelina Beloff and Maria Dolores Bastian ), oil on canvas, 197.5 x 161.3 cm, The Arkansas Arts Center, Little Rock, Arkansas.jpg|''Two Women (Dos Mujeres, Portrait of Angelina Beloff and Maria Dolores Bastian)'', 1914, 197.5 × 161.3&nbsp;cm. [[Arkansas Arts Center]]
Diego Rivera, 1914, Portrait de Messieurs Kawashima et Foujita, oil and collage on canvas, 78.5 x 74 cm, private collection.jpg|''Portrait de Messieurs Kawashima et Foujita'', 1914, oil and collage on canvas, 78.5 × 74&nbsp;cm. Private collection
Diego Rivera - Young Man with a Fountain Pen - Google Art Project.jpg|''Young Man with a Fountain Pen'', 1914, 79.5 × 63.5&nbsp;cm. Museo Dolores Olmedo
Diego Rivera - El Rastro - Google Art Project.jpg|''El Rastro'', 1915, 27.5 × 38.5&nbsp;cm. Museo Dolores Olmedo
RamónGómezdelaSerna.JPG|''[[Portrait of Ramón Gómez de la Serna]]'', 1915, 109.6 × 90.2&nbsp;cm. [[MALBA|Latin American Art Museum of Buenos Aires]]
Diego Rivera - Zapata-style Landscape - Google Art Project.jpg|''Zapata-style Landscape'', 1915, 145 × 125&nbsp;cm. Museo Nacional de Arte
Diego Rivera, c.1915, Portrait of Marevna, oil on canvas, 145.7 x 112.7 cm, Art Institute of Chicago.jpg|''Portrait of Marevna'', c.1915, 145.7 × 112.7&nbsp;cm. [[Art Institute of Chicago]]
Diego Rivera - Seated Woman (Women with the Body of a Guitar) - Google Art Project.jpg|''Seated Woman (Women with the Body of a Guitar)'', 1915–16. Frida Kahlo Museum
Diego Rivera - Urban Landscape - Google Art Project.jpg|''Urban Landscape'', 1916. Frida Kahlo Museum
Diego Rivera, 1916, Still Life with Tulips (Naturaleza Muerta con Tulipanes), oil on canvas, 67.8 x 53.7cm.jpg|''Still Life with Tulips'' (''Naturaleza Muerta con Tulipanes''), 1916, oil on canvas, 67.8 × 53.7&nbsp;cm
Le bock, Diego Rivera, 1917.jpg|''Le bock'', 1917
Diego Rivera - Knife and Fruit in Front of the Window - Google Art Project.jpg|''Knife and Fruit in Front of the Window'', 1917, 91.8 × 92.4&nbsp;cm. Museo Dolores Olmedo
Diego Rivera - Still Life with Utensils - Google Art Project.jpg|''Still Life with Utensils'', 1917, 71 × 54&nbsp;cm. Museo Dolores Olmedo
Diego Rivera - The Mathematician - Google Art Project.jpg|''The Mathematician'', 1919, 115.5 × 80.5&nbsp;cm. Museo Dolores Olmedo
Diego Rivera, c.1916, Maternidad, Angelina y el niño Diego, oil on canvas, 134.5 x 88.5 cm, Museo de Arte Carrillo Gil.jpg|''Maternidad, Angelina y el niño Diego'' (''Motherhood, Angelina and the Child Diego''), c. August 1916, oil on canvas, 134.5 × 88.5&nbsp;cm, Museo de Arte Carrillo Gil. This work forms part of Rivera's [[Crystal Cubism|Crystal Cubist]] period
Las afueras de París, Diego Rivera, 1918.jpg|''The Outskirts of Paris'', 1918
Naturaleza muerta con arrocera también conocida como naturaleza muerta con prensa de ajo, Diego Rivera, 1918.jpg|''Still Life with Ricer also known as Still Life with Garlic Press'', 1918
Bañista de Tehuantepec, Diego Rivera, 1923.jpg|''Bather of Tehuantepec'', 1923
Festival de flores, Diego Rivera, 1925.jpg|''Flowers festival'', 1925
Cargadora con perro, Diego Rivera, 1927.jpg|''Cargadora con perro'', 1927
</gallery>

===Murals===
<gallery widths="170" heights="170">
File:Murales Rivera - Ausbeutung durch die Spanier 1 perspective.jpg|Mural of exploitation of Mexico by Spanish conquistadores, [[National Palace (Mexico)|Palacio Nacional]], Mexico City (1929–1945)
File:Murales Rivera - Markt in Tlatelolco 3.jpg|Mural of the Aztec city of [[Tenochtitlan]], Palacio Nacional, Mexico City
File:La Gran Tenochtitlan.JPG|Mural of the Aztec market of [[Tlatelolco (Mexico City)|Tlatelolco]], Palacio Nacional, Mexico City
File:Murales Rivera - Gold.jpg|Mural showing Aztec production of gold, Palacio Nacional, Mexico City
File:Celebrations and Ceremonies Totonaca Culture full.JPG|Mural showing Totonaca celebrations and ceremonies, Palacio Nacional, Mexico City
File:Mexico - Bellas Artes - Fresque Riviera « Man at the Crossroads ».JPG|Detail of ''Man, Controller of the Universe'', fresco at [[Palacio de Bellas Artes]] showing [[Leon Trotsky]], [[Friedrich Engels]], and [[Karl Marx]]
File:Detalle de Lenin.jpg|Detail of ''Man, Controller of the Universe'', fresco at [[Palacio de Bellas Artes]] showing [[Vladimir Lenin]]
File:The Kid - Diego Rivera.jpg|Mural (detail) ''[[Sueño de una Tarde Dominical en la Alameda Central]]'' in Mexico City, featuring Rivera and [[Frida Kahlo]] standing by [[La Calavera Catrina]] (width: 15.6 m)
File:Mural Diego Rivera.jpg|Mural at the [[National Palace (Mexico)|National Palace]], Mexico City
File:RiveraMuralNationalPalace.jpg|Diego Rivera's mural ''[[The History of Mexico (mural)|The History of Mexico]]'' at the National Palace in Mexico City
File:Murales Rivera - Treppenhaus 6.jpg|Detail of ''[[The History of Mexico (mural)|The History of Mexico]]'' showing betrayed revolution at [[National Palace (Mexico)|Palacio Nacional]], [[Mexico City]]
File:Palacio de Bellas Artes - Mural El Hombre in cruce de caminos Rivera 3.jpg|Recreation of ''[[Man at the Crossroads]]'' (renamed ''[[Man, Controller of the Universe]]''), originally created in 1934 (detail)
File:Palacio_Nacional_Murals_view.JPG|View of the Murals by Diego Rivera in the Palacio Nacional
Image:Rivera detroit industry north.jpg|''[[Detroit Industry Murals|Detroit Industry]]'', North Wall, 1932–33. [[Detroit Institute of Arts]]
Image:Rivera detroit industry south.jpg|''Detroit Industry, South Wall'', 1932–33. Detroit Institute of Arts
</gallery>

===Sculptures===
<gallery widths="170px" heights="170px">
File:Cárcamo de Dolores 09.jpg|[[Tlaloc]] Fountain in [[Cárcamo de Dolores]], Mexico City, 1951
File:Diego Rivera's Mural in Acapulco, Mexico.jpg|3D mural of Quetzalcóatl in the ''Exekatlkalli'' (Casa de los Vientos) in [[Acapulco]], Guerrero, 1957
</gallery>

==Selected Exhibitions==
* 1986: ''Diego Rivera: A Retrospective'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diego Rivera. Retrospective {{!}} Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía |url=https://www.museoreinasofia.es/en/exhibitions/diego-rivera-retrospective |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=www.museoreinasofia.es |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1986-06-01 |title=RETROSPECTIVE OF DIEGO RIVERA WORK CELEBRATES THE ARTIST'S CENTENNIAL (Published 1986) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/01/arts/retrospective-of-diego-rivera-work-celebrates-the-artist-s-centennial.html |access-date=2025-08-24 |language=en}}</ref> organized by the Centro Nacional de Exposiciones, Founders Society Detroit Institute of Arts, Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, Secretaría de Educación Pública and Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores de México.  It was exhibited at Detroit Institute of Arts, (February 10–April 27, 1986); Philadelphia Museum of Art, USA (June 2–August 10, 1986); Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City (September 29, 1986 – January 4, 1987); Stäatliche Kunsthalle, Berlin (July 23–September 15, 1987); Hayward Gallery, Arts Council of Great Britain, London (October 29, 1987 – January 10, 1988).  The catalog was edited by Cynthia Newman Helms {{ISBN|978-0-895-58118-1}}
* 2004: ''The Cubist Paintings of Diego Rivera'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-04-04 |title=The Cubist Paintings of Diego Rivera {{!}} National Gallery of Art |url=https://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/cubist-paintings-diego-rivera |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=www.nga.gov |language=en}}</ref> co-organized by the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (exhibited April 4–July 25, 2004) and [[Museo de Arte Moderno]], Mexico City (exhibited September 22, 2004 – January 16, 2005)  {{ASIN|B005HFK0NA}}
* 2009: ''Diego Rivera: The Cubist Portraits, 1913-1917'', [[Meadows Museum|The Meadows Museum]], Dallas, Texas, June 21–September 20, 2009<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diego Rivera – Meadows Museum, Dallas |url=https://meadowsmuseumdallas.org/exhibitions/past/past-exhibitions-diego-rivera/ |access-date=2025-08-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2011: ''Diego Rivera: Murals for The Museum of Modern Art'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diego Rivera: Murals for The Museum of Modern Art {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1152 |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref> Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York, November 13, 2011 – May 14, 2012; [https://www.moma.org/audio/playlist/259 Diego Rivera: Murals for The Museum of Modern Art audio]; catalog by [[Leah Dickerman]] and Anna Indych-López, {{ISBN|978-0-870-70817-6}}
* 2013: ''Frida & Diego: Passion, Politics, and Painting'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frida & Diego: Passion, Politics, and Painting |url=https://high.org/exhibition/frida-diego-passion-politics-and-painting/ |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=High Museum of Art |language=en-US}}</ref> [[High Museum of Art]], Atlanta, Georgia, February 14–May 12, 2013
* 2013: ''Diego Rivera in San Antonio'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diego Rivera in San Antonio {{!}} San Antonio Museum of Art |url=https://www.samuseum.org/artwork/exhibition/diego-rivera-in-san-antonio/ |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=www.samuseum.org |language=en}}</ref> [[San Antonio Museum of Art]], December 15, 2013 – December 1, 2014
* 2015: ''Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo in Detroit'', Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan, March 15–July 12, 2015<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo in Detroit {{!}} Detroit Institute of Arts Museum |url=https://dia.org/events/exhibitions/diego-rivera-and-frida-kahlo-detroit |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=dia.org |language=en}}</ref>
* 2015: ''Mexico in New Orleans: A Tale of Two Americas'', [[LSU Museum of Art]], Baton Rouge, Louisiana May 5–September 6, 2015<ref>{{Cite web |title=MEXICO IN NEW ORLEANS |url=https://www.lsumoa.org/mexico-in-new-orleans |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=LSU Museum of Art |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2016: ''Picasso and Rivera: Conversations Across Time'', The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-13 |title=Picasso and Rivera: Conversations Across Time {{!}} LACMA |url=https://www.lacma.org/art/exhibition/picasso-and-rivera-conversations-across-time |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=www.lacma.org |language=en}}</ref> with Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City; exhibited LACMA (December 4, 2016 – May 7, 2017) and Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City (June 14–September 17, 2017).  Catalog edited by [[Michael Govan]] and Diana Magaloni {{ISBN|978-3-791-35555-9}}
* 2019-2022: ''Frida Kahlo, Diego Rivera, and Mexican Modernism from the Jacques and Natasha Gelman Collection'' exhibited at the following:
** 6 July–11 September 2022 [[Philbrook Museum of Art]]
** 19 February 2022 – 5 June 2022 [[Portland Art Museum]], Portland, Oregon
** 23 October 2021 – 6 February 2022 [[Norton Museum of Art]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=OctoberCMS |title=Norton Museum of Art {{!}} Frida Kahlo, Diego Rivera and Mexican Modernism from the Jacques and Natasha Gelman Collection |url=https://www.norton.org/exhibitions/frida-kahlo-diego-rivera-and-mexican-modernism-from-the-jacques-and-natasha-gelman-collection |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=www.norton.org |language=en}}</ref>
** 25 October 2020 – 25 January 2021 [[Denver Art Museum]]
** 13 February 2020 – 7 September 2020 [[Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frida Kahlo, Diego Rivera and Mexican Modernism |url=https://www.mnbaq.org/en/programming/exhibitions/frida-kahlo-diego-rivera-and-mexican-modernism |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=MNBAQ |language=en}}</ref>
** 12 October 2019 – 2 February 2020 [[North Carolina Museum of Art]]
** 24 May–2 September 2019 [[Frist Art Museum]]
* 2020: ''Vida Americana: Mexican Muralists Remake American Art, 1925-1945'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vida Americana: Mexican Muralists Remake American Art, 1925–1945 |url=https://whitney.org/exhibitions/vida-americana |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=whitney.org |language=en}}</ref> Whitney Museum of American Art, February 17, 2020 – January 31, 2021
* 2021: ''In Dialogue: Diego Rivera'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diego Rivera {{!}} {{!}} Past Exhibition {{!}} Hallie Ford Museum of Art |url=https://hfma.willamette.edu/exhibitions/library/2020-21/diego-rivera.html |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=hfma.willamette.edu}}</ref> [[Hallie Ford Museum of Art]], Willamette University,  April 9, 2021 – February 17, 2022
* 2022: ''Diego Rivera's America'', co-organized by San Francisco Museum of Modern Art<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exhibition: Diego Rivera's America |url=https://www.sfmoma.org/exhibition/diego-riveras-america/ |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=SFMOMA |language=en-US}}</ref> (exhibited July 16, 2022 – January 3, 2023) and [[Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diego Rivera's America {{!}} Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art |url=https://crystalbridges.org/calendar/diego-riveras-america/ |access-date=2025-08-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> Bentonville, Arkansas (exhibited March 11–July 31, 2023); catalog by James Oles {{ISBN|978-0-520-34440-2}}
* 2024: ''Pan American Unity: A Mural by Diego Rivera'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pan American Unity: A Mural by Diego Rivera |url=https://www.sfmoma.org/exhibition/pan-american-unity/ |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=SFMOMA |language=en-US}}</ref> San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, June 28, 2021 – January 21, 2024
* 2025: ''Rivera's Paris'', [[Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts]],<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Rivera's Paris |url=https://arkmfa.org/art/exhibitions/riveras-paris/ |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts |language=en}}</ref> Little Rock, Arkansas, February 7–May 18, 2025

==See also==
{{Portal|Mexico|Biography|Visual arts}}
* [[List of works by Diego Rivera]]
* [[Anahuacalli Museum]]
* [[Crystal Cubism]]
* [[Elaine Hamilton-O'Neal]]
* [[Jewish culture]]
* [[Gabriel Bracho]], Venezuelan muralist
* [[Cárcamo de Dolores]]
* ''[[Glorious Victory]]'' painting of the [[1954 Guatemalan coup d'état]] that the CIA backed to overthrow the democratically elected Guatemalan president [[Jacobo Arbenz]]. 
* [[María Izquierdo (artist)|María Izquierdo]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==Further reading==
* Aguilar, Louis. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20150714114959/http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20110406/ENT01/104060365 Detroit was muse to legendary artists Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo]". ''[[The Detroit News]]''. April 6, 2011
*Azuela, Alicia. ''Diego Rivera en Detroit''. Mexico City: [[UNAM]] 1985
*Bloch, Lucienne. "On location with Diego Rivera." ''Art in America'' 74 (February 1986, pp.&nbsp;102–23
*Craven, David. ''Diego Rivera as Epic Modernist''. New York: G.K. Hall 1997
*Dickerman, Leah, and Anna Indych-López. ''Diego Rivera: Murals for the Museum of Modern Art''. New York: The Museum of Modern Art 2011.  {{ISBN|978-0-870-70817-6}}
*Downs, Linda. ''Diego Rivera: The Detroit Industry Murals''. Detroit: The Detroit Institute of Arts 1999
*Evans, Robert [Joseph Freeman]. "Painting and Politics: The Case of Diego Rivera." ''New Masses'' (February 1932) 22-25
*González Mello, Renato. "Manuel Gamio, Diego Rivera and the Politics of Mexican Anthropology." ''RES'' 45 (Spring 2004) 161-85
*Lee, Anthony. ''Painting on the Left: Rivera, Radical Politics, and San Francisco's Public Murals''. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press 1999
*[[Robert Linsley|Linsley, Robert]]. "Utopia Will Not be Televised: Rivera at Rockefeller Center." ''Oxford Art Journal'' 17, no. 2 (1994) 48-62.
*Moyssén, Xavier, ed. ''Diego Rivera: Textos de arte''. Mexico City: [[UNAM]] 1986
*Oles, James. ''Diego Rivera's America''.  University of California Press, 2022.  {{ISBN|978-0-520-34440-2}}
*{{cite book |last=Paquette |first=Catha |title=At the Crossroads: Diego Rivera and his Patrons at MoMA, Rockefeller Center, and the Palace of Fine Arts |location=Austin |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-1477311004 }}
*Rivera, Diego. ''Arte y política'', Raquel Tibol, ed. Mexico City Grijalbo 1979
*Rivera, Diego and Gladys March. ''My Life, Life: An Autobiography''. New York: Dover Publications 1960
*Rodrigues, Antonio. "Canto a la tierra: Los murales de Diego Rivera en la Capilla de Chapingo." (trans. Allyson Cadwell) Texcoco: Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, 1986 (1st reprint, 2000)
*Rochfort, Desmond. ''Mexican Muralists: Orozco, Rivera, Siqueiros'', London: Laurence King, 1993
*Siqueiros, David Alfaro. "Rivera's Counter-Revolutionary Road." ''New Masses'' May 29, 1934
*Wolfe, Bertram. ''The Fabulous Life of Diego Rivera''. New York: Stein and Day 1963
*Wolfe, Bertram and Diego Rivera. ''Portrait of Mexico''. New York: Covici, Friede Publishers 1937

==External links==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|commons=Diego Rivera|v=no|q=Diego Rivera|s=Author:Diego Rivera|b=no|n=no}}
* [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/kislak.00230.1 ''Creation''] (1931). From the Collections of the [[Library of Congress]]
* [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/kislak.00220.1 ''Trials of the Hero-Twins''] (1931) From the Collections at the [[Library of Congress]]
* [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/kislak.00225.1 ''Human Sacrifice Before Tohil''] (1931) From the Collections at the [[Library of Congress]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0htKTEJSXUk Cubist paintings by Rivera]
* {{Discogs artist}}

{{Diego Rivera|state=expanded}}
{{Artists related to Mexican muralism}}
{{Members of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana}}
{{Frida Kahlo}}
{{Authority control (arts)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rivera, Diego}}
[[Category:Diego Rivera]]
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:1957 deaths]]
[[Category:Académie Julian alumni]]
[[Category:Artists from Mexico City]]
[[Category:Cubist artists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado "La Esmeralda"]]
[[Category:Frida Kahlo]]
[[Category:Latin American artists of indigenous descent]]
[[Category:Members of El Colegio Nacional (Mexico)]]
[[Category:Mexican atheists]]
[[Category:Mexican communists]]
[[Category:Mexican muralists]]
[[Category:Mexican people of Indigenous peoples descent]]
[[Category:Mexican people of Spanish-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Mexican people of Spanish descent]]
[[Category:Mexican people of Portuguese descent]]
[[Category:Mexican Trotskyists]]
[[Category:Artists from Guanajuato]]
[[Category:People from Cuernavaca]]
[[Category:People from Guanajuato (city)]]
[[Category:People from Morelos]]
[[Category:Mexican political artists]]
[[Category:Social realist artists]]
[[Category:Painters of the Return to Order]]
[[Category:Federal Art Project artists]]
[[Category:20th-century Mexican painters]]
[[Category:20th-century Mexican male artists]]
[[Category:Mexican male painters]]
[[Category:Academy of San Carlos alumni]]
[[Category:AMORC members]]
[[Category:Burials at the Panteón de Dolores]]