View source for Dikson Island

{{Other uses|Dikson (disambiguation)}}
{{short description|Island off the coast of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia}}
{{Infobox islands
|name=Dikson
|image_name=Dix2copytb.png
|image_caption=Location of Dikson at the mouth of the Yenisei
|image_size =
| map = Russia Krasnoyarsk Krai
| map_caption = 
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|coordinates = {{coord|73|30|25|N|80|32|47|E|display=inline,title}}
|archipelago =
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|area_km2 = 
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|country = Russia
|country_admin_divisions_title = Krai
|country_admin_divisions = [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]]
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|population =1100 
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}}

'''Dikson Island''' ({{langx|ru|Ди́ксон}}), initially '''Dickson''', is an island in [[Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District]] ({{langx|ru|Таймы́рский Долга́но-Не́нецкий райо́н}}), [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]], [[Russia]], situated in the [[Kara Sea]] near the mouth of the [[Yenisei River]]. A nearby [[urban-type settlement]] of [[Dikson (urban-type settlement)|Dikson]], which functions as a port and [[hydrometeorological]] centre, is located on the mainland across from the island. It is served by the [[Dikson Airport]].

==History==
[[File:Dudinka and dikson 2.png|thumb|left|200px|Dikson and [[Dudinka]]]]
[[File:Soviet Union-1965-Stamp-0.06. 50 Years of Dikson.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Fiftieth anniversary of the urban-type settlement of Dikson. USSR stamp, 1965]]
Dikson Island and its adjoining urban settlement have been named after Swedish Arctic pioneer Baron [[Oscar Dickson, 1st Baron Dickson|Oscar Dickson]].<ref name="ruchan">[http://www.russia-channel.com/islands/dikson-island/ ''The Darkness of Dikson Island''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924092845/http://www.russia-channel.com/islands/dikson-island/ |date=2015-09-24 }}, Author unknown, russia-channel.com</ref> In the 17th century the island was known as '''{{lang|ru|Dolgy}}''' ("long") island, or '''{{lang|ru|Kuzkin}}''', after its [[Pomor]] discoverer.<ref name="ruchan"/> In 1875, the [[Finland|Finnish]] explorer [[Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld]] renamed it after the wealthy Swedish merchant and [[philanthropist]] of [[Scotland|Scottish]] origin Oskar Dickson.<ref name="ruchan"/> The name was soon [[Russification|Russified]], by dropping the "c".<ref name="ruchan"/> Dikson has been the official name of the island since 1884.<ref name="ruchan"/> Oscar Dickson, along with [[Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Sibiryakov]], had been the patron of a number of early Arctic expeditions, including [[Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld]]'s Russian Arctic explorations.

In 1915 the island became the site of the first Russian [[radio]] station in the [[Arctic]]. The seaport on the mainland was built in 1935, and in 1957 the two settlements were merged into one.<ref name="ruchan"/>

During World War II the town was bombarded by the {{ship|German pocket battleship|Admiral Scheer}} in August 1942 during [[Operation Wunderland]].

Dikson Island was one of the transfer destinations for [[Operation Priboi|1949 March deportation]] from [[Latvia]].<ref>Map of transfer destinations from Latvia in 1949. https://visc.gov.lv/vispizglitiba/saturs/dokumenti/metmat/vesture_6_9/kartes4.shtml</ref>

==Climate==
Dikson has an arctic [[Tundra|tundra climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''ET'') &mdash; yet interestingly, it has four almost equally-divided "seasons": The sun does not rise from about mid-November through early February, and does not set from the beginning of May until mid-August.  In between, there is a "spring" during which the amount of daylight steadily increases, and an "autumn" during which the amount of daylight steadily decreases &mdash; but due to the "seasonal lag" factor, February is actually the coldest month, while August is the warmest month.

{{Weather box
|single line=Yes
|location=Ostrov Dikson
|metric first = Yes
|Jan record high C = -0.3
|Feb record high C = -0.6
|Mar record high C = 0.1
|Apr record high C = 3.6
|May record high C = 11.1
|Jun record high C = 22.2
|Jul record high C = 26.8
|Aug record high C = 26.9
|Sep record high C = 18.2
|Oct record high C = 8.2
|Nov record high C = 1.9
|Dec record high C = 0.3
|year record high C = 26.9
|Jan high C = -20.5
|Feb high C = -20.5
|Mar high C = -16.8
|Apr high C = -11.5
|May high C = -4.6
|Jun high C = 3.2
|Jul high C = 8.6
|Aug high C = 8.3
|Sep high C = 4.0
|Oct high C = -4.3
|Nov high C = -13.1
|Dec high C = -18.6
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = -24.0
|Feb mean C = -24.1
|Mar mean C = -20.6
|Apr mean C = -15.2
|May mean C = -7.0
|Jun mean C = 1.1
|Jul mean C = 5.7
|Aug mean C = 6.0
|Sep mean C = 2.4
|Oct mean C = -6.4
|Nov mean C = -16.4
|Dec mean C = -21.8
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = -27.3
|Feb low C = -27.5
|Mar low C = -24.0
|Apr low C = -18.5
|May low C = -9.2
|Jun low C = -0.5
|Jul low C = 3.6
|Aug low C = 4.2
|Sep low C = 1.0
|Oct low C = -8.6
|Nov low C = -19.6
|Dec low C = -24.9
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = -46.2
|Feb record low C = -48.1
|Mar record low C = -45.3
|Apr record low C = -38.0
|May record low C = -28.8
|Jun record low C = -17.3
|Jul record low C = -3.4
|Aug record low C = -3.6
|Sep record low C = -12.0
|Oct record low C = -31.3
|Nov record low C = -42.8
|Dec record low C = -46.6
|year record low C = -48.1
|Jan precipitation mm = 27.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 27.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 26.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 21.9
|May precipitation mm = 24.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 26.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 32.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 39.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 42.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 38.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 28.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 28.5
|year precipitation mm = 
|Jan humidity = 83
|Feb humidity = 83
|Mar humidity = 84
|Apr humidity = 84
|May humidity = 87
|Jun humidity = 90
|Jul humidity = 89
|Aug humidity = 90
|Sep humidity = 88
|Oct humidity = 87
|Nov humidity = 86
|Dec humidity = 83
|year humidity = 86
|Jan rain days = 0
|Feb rain days = 0
|Mar rain days = 0
|Apr rain days = 1
|May rain days = 2
|Jun rain days = 13
|Jul rain days = 19
|Aug rain days = 21
|Sep rain days = 17
|Oct rain days = 5
|Nov rain days = 0.2
|Dec rain days = 0
|year rain days = 78
|Jan snow days = 21
|Feb snow days = 19
|Mar snow days = 19
|Apr snow days = 19
|May snow days = 24
|Jun snow days = 16
|Jul snow days = 4
|Aug snow days = 3
|Sep snow days = 15
|Oct snow days = 27
|Nov snow days = 22
|Dec snow days = 20
|year snow days = 209
|Jan sun = 0.0
|Feb sun = 24.0
|Mar sun = 128.0
|Apr sun = 238.0
|May sun = 188.0
|Jun sun = 140.0
|Jul sun = 224.0
|Aug sun = 138.0
|Sep sun = 61.0
|Oct sun = 27.0
|Nov sun = 2.0
|Dec sun = 0.0
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web
| url =  http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/20674.htm
| title = Pogoda.ru.net (Weather and Climate-The Climate of Dikson Island)
| access-date = 16 August 2012
| publisher = Weather and Climate
| language = ru}}</ref>
|source 2 =NOAA (sun only, 1961-1990)<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
  |url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/RA/20674.TXT
  |title = Dikson Island Climate Normals 1961-1990
  |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200527172916/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/RA/20674.TXT
  |archive-date = 2020-05-27
  |url-status = dead
  |access-date = January 18, 2012}}</ref>
}}
[[File:NASA Tº Ostrov Dikson.gif|385px|thumb|Climate graph of 1918-2012 air average temperatures at Dikson|left]]

==See also==
* [[List of islands of Russia]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External sources==
* [http://worldmaps.web.infoseek.co.jp/russia_guide.htm Location] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109202105/http://worldmaps.web.infoseek.co.jp/russia_guide.htm |date=2008-01-09 }}
* Edwards, Rob (September 9, 1995). [https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14719944.000-northern-exposure.html Northern exposure]. [https://www.newscientist.com New Scientist]. {{subscription required}}
* [[William Barr (Arctic historian)|William Barr]], ''The Last Journey of Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen'', 1919.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081006024414/http://www.russia.com/islands/dikson-island/ Picture]
* [https://archive.today/20040703235935/http://vitiaz.ru/congress/en/thesis/98.html Russian-Soviet polar stations and their role in the Arctic Seas exploration]

{{Kara Sea Islands}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Port cities and towns in Russia]]
[[Category:Islands of the Kara Sea]]
[[Category:Populated places of Arctic Russia]]
[[Category:Islands of Krasnoyarsk Krai]]