View source for Dorado

{{short description|Constellation in the southern sky}}
{{About|the constellation|other uses}}
{{Infobox constellation
| name = Dorado
| abbreviation = Dor
| genitive = Doradus
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|d|ə|ˈ|r|eɪ|d|oʊ}}, genitive {{IPAc-en|d|ə|ˈ|r|eɪ|d|ə|s}}
| symbolism = the [[dolphinfish]]
| RA = {{RA|5}}
| dec= {{DEC|−65}}
| family = [[Bayer Family|Bayer]]
| quadrant = SQ1
| areatotal = 179
| arearank = 72nd
| numbermainstars = 3
| numberbfstars = 14
| numberbrightstars = 0
| numbernearbystars = 1
| brighteststarname = [[α Dor]]
| starmagnitude = 3.27
| neareststarname = [[GJ 1068]]
| stardistancely = 36.50
| stardistancepc = 11.19
| numbermessierobjects = 0
| meteorshowers = None
| bordering = [[Caelum]]<br/>[[Horologium (constellation)|Horologium]]<br/>[[Reticulum]]<br/>[[Hydrus]]<br/>[[Mensa (constellation)|Mensa]]<br/>[[Volans]]<br/>[[Pictor]]
| latmax = [[20th parallel north|20]]
| latmin = [[South Pole|90]]
| month = January
| notes=
}}

'''Dorado''' ({{IPAc-en|US|d|ə|ˈ|r|eɪ|d|oʊ}}, {{IPAc-en|alsoUK|-|ˈ|r|ɑː|d|oʊ}}) is a [[constellation]] in the [[Southern Sky]]. It was named in the late 16th century and is now one of the [[IAU designated constellations|88 modern constellations]]. Its name refers to the [[mahi-mahi]] (''Coryphaena hippurus''), which is known as ''dorado'' ("golden") in [[Spanish language|Spanish]], although it has also been depicted as a [[swordfish]]. Dorado contains most of the [[Large Magellanic Cloud]], the remainder being in the constellation [[Mensa (constellation)|Mensa]]. The South [[Ecliptic pole]] also lies within this constellation.

Even though the name Dorado is not [[Latin]] but Spanish, astronomers give it the Latin [[genitive]] form ''Doradus'' when naming its stars; it is treated (like the adjacent asterism [[Argo Navis]]) as a feminine proper name of Greek origin ending in -ō (like ''Io'' or ''Callisto'' or ''Argo''), which have a genitive ending ''-ūs''.

==History==
{{See also|Early modern Netherlandish cartography}}

Dorado was one of twelve constellations named by [[Petrus Plancius]] from the observations of [[Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser]] and [[Frederick de Houtman]].{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|2017|pp=142–143}} It appeared:
* On a {{convert|35|cm|in|adj=mid|-diameter}} celestial globe published in 1597 (or 1598) in Amsterdam by Plancius with [[Jodocus Hondius]].<!-- Preceding information not sourced to Staal 1988 -->
* First depiction in a celestial atlas, in [[Johann Bayer]]'s ''[[Uranometria]]'' of 1603.
* In [[Johannes Kepler]]'s edition of [[Tycho Brahe]]'s star list in the ''[[Rudolphine Tables]]'' of 1627; this was the first time that it was given the alternative name Xiphias, the [[swordfish]]. The name Dorado ultimately became dominant and was adopted by the IAU.
Dorado represents a [[dolphinfish]]; it has also been called the goldfish because Dorado are gold-colored.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/dorado.html|title=Dorado|last=Ridpath|first=Ian|website=Star Tales|access-date=December 27, 2022}}</ref>

==Features==
[[Image:Constellation Dorado.jpg|thumb|left|256px|The constellation Dorado as it can be seen by the naked eye]]

===Stars===
{{see also|List of stars in Dorado}}

[[Alpha Doradus]] is a blue-white star of magnitude 3.3, 176 light-years from Earth. It is the brightest star in Dorado. [[Beta Doradus]] is a notably bright [[Cepheid variable]] star. It is a yellow-tinged supergiant star that has a minimum magnitude of 4.1 and a maximum magnitude of 3.5. One thousand and forty light-years from Earth, Beta Doradus has a period of 9 days and 20 hours.{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|2017|pp=142–143}}

[[R Doradus]] is one of the many [[variable star]]s in Dorado. [[S Doradus|S Dor]], 9.721 [[hypergiant]] in the [[Large Magellanic Cloud]], is the prototype of [[Luminous blue variable|S Doradus variable]] stars. The variable star [[R Doradus]] 5.73 has the largest-known apparent size of any star other than the Sun.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=r+doradus&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id |title = R Doradus |access-date = 28 July 2012 |publisher = [[SIMBAD]]}}</ref> [[Gamma Doradus]] is the prototype of the [[Gamma Doradus variable]] stars.

[[SN1987A|Supernova 1987A]] was the closest supernova to occur since the invention of the telescope. [[SNR 0509-67.5]] is the remnant of an unusually energetic Type Ia supernova from about 400 years ago.

[[HE 0437-5439]] is a [[hypervelocity star]] escaping from the [[Milky Way]]/[[Magellanic Cloud]] system.

Dorado is also the location of the South [[Ecliptic pole]], which lies near the fish's head. The pole was called "Polus Doradinalis" by [[Philipp von Zesen]], aka Caesius.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Dorado*.html | title=Dorado | last=Allen | first=R. H. | website=Star Names | access-date=December 27, 2022}}</ref>

In early 2020, the exoplanet [[TOI-700 d]] was discovered orbiting the star [[TOI-700]] in Dorado. This is the first [[Earth analog|potentially Earth-like exoplanet]] to be discovered by the [[Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite]].

===Deep-sky objects===
Because Dorado contains part of the [[Large Magellanic Cloud]], it is rich in deep sky objects. The Large Magellanic Cloud, 25,000 light-years in diameter, is a [[satellite galaxy]] of the Milky Way Galaxy, located at a distance of 179,000 light-years. It has been deformed by its gravitational interactions with the larger Milky Way. In 1987, it became host to [[SN 1987A]], the first supernova of 1987 and the closest since 1604.{{sfn|Wilkins|Dunn|2006}} This 25,000-light-year-wide galaxy contains over 10,000 million stars.{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|2017|pp=142–143}} All coordinates given are for Epoch [[J2000.0]].

[[File:Potw1422a.jpg|thumb|[[NGC 1566]] is an intermediate spiral galaxy.<ref>{{cite news|title=Grand swirls|url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1422a/|access-date=6 June 2014|work=Picture of the Week|agency=ESA/Hubble}}</ref>]]
* [[N 180B]] is an [[emission nebula]] located in the [[Large Magellanic Cloud]].
* [[NGC 1566]] ([[Right Ascension|RA]] 04h 20m 00s [[Declination|Dec]] -56° 56.3′) is a face-on spiral galaxy. It gives its name to the [[NGC 1566 Group]] of galaxies.
* [[NGC 1755]] (RA 04h 55m 13s Dec -68° 12.2′) is a globular cluster.
* [[NGC 1763]] (RA 04h 56m 49s Dec -68° 24.5′) is a bright nebula associated with three type B stars.
* [[NGC 1761]] (RA 04h 56m 37s Dec -66° 28.4') is an open cluster.
* [[NGC 1820]] (RA 05h 04m 02s Dec -67° 15.9′) is an open cluster.
* [[NGC 1850]] (RA 05h 08m 44s Dec -68° 45.7′) is a globular cluster.
* [[NGC 1854]] (RA 05h 09m 19s Dec -68° 50.8′) is a globular cluster.
* [[NGC 1869]] (RA 05h 13m 56s Dec -67° 22.8′) is an open cluster.<!-- Please verify this - BDM-->
* [[NGC 1901]] (RA 05h 18m 15s Dec -68° 26.2′) is an open cluster.<!-- Please verify this - BDM-->
* [[NGC 1910]] (RA 05h 18m 43s Dec -69° 13.9′) is an open cluster.<!-- Please verify this - BDM-->
* [[NGC 1936]] (RA 05h 22m 14s Dec -67° 58.7′) is a bright nebula and is one of four NGC objects in close proximity, the others being [[NGC 1929]], [[NGC 1934]] and [[NGC 1935]].<!-- Please verify this - BDM-->
* [[NGC 1978]] (RA 05h 28m 36s Dec -66° 14.0′) is an open cluster.
* [[NGC 2002]] (RA 05h 30m 17s Dec -66° 53.1′) is an open cluster.
* [[NGC 2014]] (RA 05h 44m 12.7s Dec −67° 42′ 57″) is a red emission nebula.
* [[NGC 2020]] (RA 05h 44m 12.7s Dec −67° 42′ 57″) is an HII region surrounding a [[Wolf–Rayet star]].
* [[NGC 2027]] (RA 05h 35m 00s Dec -66° 55.0′) is an open cluster.<!-- Please verify this - BDM-->
* [[NGC 2032]] (RA 05h 35m 21s Dec -67° 34.1′; also known as "Seagull Nebula") is a nebula complex that contains four NGC designations: [[NGC 2029]], NGC 2032, [[NGC 2035]] and [[NGC 2040]]. <!-- Please verify this - BDM-->
[[File:Galaxy with a view.jpg|thumb|[[LEDA 89996]] is a classic example of a spiral galaxy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Galaxy with a view|url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1527a/|access-date=6 July 2015}}</ref>]]
* [[NGC 2074]] (RA 05h 39m 03.0s Dec −69° 29′ 54″) is an emission nebula.
* [[NGC 2078]] (RA 05h 39m 54s Dec −69° 44′ 54″) is an emission nebula.
* [[NGC 2080]], also called the "Ghost Head Nebula", is an emission nebula that is 50 light-years wide in the Large Magellanic Cloud. It is named for the two distinct white patches that it possesses, which are regions of recent [[star formation]]. The western portion is colored green from [[doubly ionized oxygen]], the southern portion is red from [[hydrogen alpha]] emissions, and the center region is colored yellow from both oxygen and hydrogen emissions. The western white patch, A1, has one massive, recently formed star inside. The eastern patch, A2, has several stars hidden in its dust.{{sfn|Wilkins|Dunn|2006}}
* [[Tarantula Nebula]] is in the Large Magellanic Cloud, named for its spiderlike shape. It is also designated 30 Doradus, as it is visible to the naked eye as a slightly out-of-focus star. Larger than any nebula in the Milky Way at 1,000 light-years in diameter, it is also brighter, because it is illuminated by the open star cluster [[NGC 2070]], which has at its center the star cluster [[R136]]. The illuminating stars are [[supergiant]]s.{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|2017|pp=142–143}}
<!-- *[[NGC 2157]] (RA 05h 57m 35s Dec -69° 11.8′) is an open cluster. Commented out because the nature of object is unverified. The Skyview image looks like a globular cluster and Google shows conflicting information about this object - BDM -->
* [[NGC 2164]] (RA 05h 58m 53s Dec -68° 30.9′) is a globular cluster.
* [[N44 (astronomy)|N44]] is a [[superbubble]] in the Large Magellanic Cloud that is 1,000 light-years wide. Its overall structure is shaped by the 40 hot stars towards its center. Within the superbubble of N44 is a smaller bubble catalogued as N44F. It is approximately 35 light-years in diameter and is shaped by an incredibly hot star at its center, which has a [[stellar wind]] speed of 7 million kilometers per hour. N44F also features dust columns with probable [[star formation]] hidden inside.{{sfn|Wilkins|Dunn|2006}}

==Equivalents==
In [[Chinese astronomy]], the stars of Dorado are in two of [[Xu Guangqi]]'s [[Chinese constellations#The Southern Asterisms (近南極星區)|Southern Asterisms]] (近南極星區, ''Jìnnánjíxīngōu''): the [[Chinese constellations#The Southern Asterisms (近南極星區)|White Patches Attached]] (夾白, ''Jiābái'') and the [[Chinese constellations#The Southern Asterisms (近南極星區)|Goldfish]] (金魚, ''Jīnyú'').<ref name=sb0>{{in lang|zh}} [http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0607/ap060727.html AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 27 日] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522003318/http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0607/ap060727.html |date=2011-05-22 }}</ref>

==Namesakes==
* [[USS Dorado (SS-248)|''Dorado ''(SS-248)]] and [[Tench-class submarine|''Dorado'' (SS-526)]], two United States Navy submarines, were named after the same sea creature as the constellation.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
NGC1706 - HST - Potw1943a.tif|[[NGC 1706]] is a spiral galaxy, about 230 million light-years away.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lonely Hearts Club |url=https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1943a/ |website=www.spacetelescope.org |access-date=28 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Dorado in Chinese astronomy]]
* [[IAU designated constellations|IAU-recognized constellations]]

==References==
;Notes
* The above deep sky objects appear in ''[[Norton's Star Atlas]]'', 1973 edition.
* Co-ordinates are obtained from [https://web.archive.org/web/20050417221758/http://fortunecity.com/roswell/borley/49/chartidx.htm Uranometria Chart Index] and [http://skyview.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/titlepage.pl Skyview].
* Images of the deep sky objects described herein may be viewed at [http://skyview.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/titlepage.pl Skyview].

;Citations
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{citation |title = Stars and Planets Guide |last1 = Ridpath |first1 = Ian |last2 = Tirion |first2 = Wil |year = 2017 |publisher = Collins, London |isbn = 978-0-691-17788-5}}
<!-- * {{citation |first1 = Ian |last1 = Ridpath |first2 = Wil |last2 = Tirion |year = 2017 |title = Stars and Planets Guide |publisher = Princeton University Press |isbn = 978-0-00-823927-5}} -->
* {{citation |title = 300 Astronomical Objects: A Visual Reference to the Universe |last1=Wilkins |first1=Jamie |last2=Dunn |first2 = Robert |publisher = Firefly Books |year = 2006 |isbn = 978-1-55407-175-3}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.allthesky.com/constellations/dorado/constell.html The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Dorado]
* [http://astrojan.nhely.hu/dorado.htm The clickable Dorado]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050723082905/http://www.astronomical.org/portal/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=33 Peoria Astronomical Society - Dorado]
* [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/dorado.html Star Tales – Dorado]

{{Stars of Dorado}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dorado}}
[[Category:Dorado| ]]
[[Category:Southern constellations]]
[[Category:Constellations listed by Petrus Plancius]]