View source for Drancy

{{About|the town north of Paris|the World War II internment camp|Drancy internment camp}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name               = Drancy
|commune status     = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|image              = Drancy multiview 2.png
|image coat of arms = Blason_Drancy_93.svg
|image size         = 250px
|caption            = From upper left: [[Hôtel de Ville, Drancy|Hôtel de Ville]], Castle of Ladoucette, National Memorial of Deportation
|map                = Drancy_map.svg
|map caption        = Location (in red) within Paris [[petite couronne|inner suburbs]]
|coordinates        = {{coord|48.93|2.45|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|arrondissement     = Le Raincy
|canton             = [[Canton of Drancy|Drancy]] and [[Canton of Le Blanc-Mesnil|Le Blanc-Mesnil]]
|INSEE              = 93029
|postal code        = 93700
|mayor              = Aude Lagarde<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=2 December 2020|language=fr}}</ref>
|term               = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality   = [[Grand Paris]]
|elevation m        =
|elevation min m    = 39
|elevation max m    = 54
|area km2           = 7.76
|population         = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}

'''Drancy''' ({{IPA|fr|dʁɑ̃si|-|Fr-Paris--Drancy.ogg}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the northeastern suburbs of [[Paris]] in the [[Seine-Saint-Denis]] [[Departments of France|department]] in northern [[France]]. It is located 10.8&nbsp;km (6.7&nbsp;mi) from the center of Paris.

==History==

=== Toponymy ===
The name Drancy comes from [[Medieval Latin]] ''Derenciacum'', and before that ''Terentiacum'', meaning "estate of Terentius", a [[Gallo-Roman]] landowner.

=== Origins to 20th century ===
In the 17th century, Drancy was divided into two distinct villages: Drancy le Grand and le Petit Drancy. The quarter "Village Parisien" is built on the old location of the hamlet of Groslay, which was surrounded by the [[Forest of Bondy]]: hence the name of rue des Bois de Groslay. The [[Hôtel de Ville, Drancy|Hôtel de Ville]] was completed in 1859.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://structurae.net/en/structures/drancy-city-hall|title= Hôtel de Ville de Drancy|publisher=Structurae|access-date=22 February 2025}}</ref>

The end of nineteenth century was marked by [[industrialisation]] and the development of rail transport. During the [[Franco-Prussian war]], [[Le Bourget]] was the site of an important battle and the [[#Park and Castle of Ladoucette|castle of Ladoucette]] in Drancy was destroyed.

=== 20th and 21st centuries ===
<!-- This section is linked from [[Statute on Jews]] -->
{{Main|Drancy internment camp}}
During [[World War II]], Drancy was the site of the [[Drancy internment camp]] where [[Jew]]s, [[Romani people|Gypsies]], and others were held before being shipped to the [[Nazi concentration camps]]. In 1976, the Memorial to the Deportation at Drancy was created by sculptor [[Shlomo Selinger]] to commemorate the French Jews imprisoned in the camp. In 2009 the memorial was vandalised. The French government vowed to find those responsible for painting swastikas on it.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Davies |first1=Lizzy |title=Holocaust memorial in France defaced with swastikas |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/apr/12/holocaust-memorial-france-vandalism-swastikas |website=The Guardian|date=12 April 2009 }}</ref>

==Population==

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|15963|Drancy}}</ref> and INSEE (1968-2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-93029#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |399
|1800 |193
|1806 |218
|1821 |207
|1831 |258
|1836 |315
|1841 |308
|1846 |352
|1851 |296
|1856 |310
|1861 |420
|1866 |534
|1872 |456
|1876 |446
|1881 |606
|1886 |934
|1891 |1104
|1896 |1096
|1901 |1247
|1906 |1776
|1911 |4190
|1921 |15582
|1926 |31489
|1931 |51156
|1936 |42938
|1946 |42166
|1954 |50654
|1962 |65890
|1968 |68467
|1975 |64430
|1982 |60183
|1990 |60707
|1999 |62263
|2007 |65843
|2012 |67181
|2017 |71318
}}

===Immigration===
{{France immigration
|collectivity_name=Drancy
|census_year=1999
|metropolitan_France=75.0
|outside_metropolitan_France=25.0
|overseas_France=2.1
|foreign_French=2.2
|EU-15=6.1
|non-EU-15=14.6
}}

===Heraldry===
{{Blazon-arms
|img1=Blason_Drancy_93.svg
|legend1=arms of Drancy
|text= The arms of Drancy are blazoned :<br />''Azure, on a chevron Or a gothic letter 'D' sable at its summit, between two mullets and a sheep passant argent.''
}}

== Geography and cityscape ==

===Climate===
<div class="center">[[File:Nuvola apps kweather.png|20px]]&nbsp; '''Data climate for [[Le Bourget]] (Seine-Saint-Denis) 1971-2000'''<ref>{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.lameteo.org/LEBOURGETtmoy.html
 |title       = Site de météorologie et de climatologie
 |work        = lameteo.org
 |language    = fr
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110727130458/http://www.lameteo.org/LEBOURGETtmoy.html
 |archive-date = 2011-07-27
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
   | url=http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/index.php?s=07150&d=2009-08-20
   | title=Site de climatologie et de météorologie
   | work=infoclimat.fr/accueil/
|language=fr}}</ref></div>
{|width="100%" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:87%;line-height:120%"
!style="text-align:right"|Month!!Jan!!Feb!!Mar!!Apr!!May!!Jun!!Jul!!Aug!!Sep!!Oct!!Nov!!Déc!!Year
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Average low °C
|style="background:#8080FF"|<span style="color:white;">0,9</span>
|style="background:#8080FF"|<span style="color:white;">1,3</span>
|style="background:#CCCCFF"|2,9
|style="background:#80CCFF"|5
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|8,3
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|11,2
|style="background:#FFFF99"|12,9
|style="background:#FFFF99"|12,7
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|10,6
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|7,7
|style="background:#80CCFF"|3,8
|style="background:#8080FF"|<span style="color:white;">1,7</span>
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|6,6
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Average °C
|style="background:#80CCFF"|4
|style="background:#80CCFF"|4,5
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|7,3
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|9,7
|style="background:#FFFF99"|13,7
|style="background:#FFCC66"|16,5
|style="background:#FFCC66"|18,9
|style="background:#FFCC66"|18,8
|style="background:#FFFF99"|15,5
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|11,5
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|7
|style="background:#80CCFF"|5
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|11,9
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Average high °C
|style="background:#80CCFF"|6
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|7,6
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|10,8
|style="background:#FFFF99"|14,4
|style="background:#FFCC66"|18,2
|style="background:#FF8000"|<span style="color:white;">21,5</span>
|style="background:#FF8000"|<span style="color:white;">24</span>
|style="background:#FF8000"|<span style="color:white;">23,8</span>
|style="background:#FFCC66"|20,9
|style="background:#FFCC66"|16
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|10,1
|style="background:#80CCFF"|6,8
|style="background:#FFFF99"|15
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Precipitation mm
|style="background:#80CCFF"|54.3
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|46.1
|style="background:#80CCFF"|53.5
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|46.5
|style="background:#8080FF"|<span style="color:white;">63.3</span>
|style="background:#CCCCFF"|57.8
|style="background:#80CCFF"|53.6
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|51.6
|style="background:#80CCFF"|53.8
|style="background:#80CCFF"|55.5
|style="background:#80CCFF"|55.8
|style="background:#80CCFF"|55.6
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|647.3
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Sunshine hours
|style="background:#80CCFF"|55.6
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|87.5
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|129.4
|style="background:#FFFF99"|172.8
|style="background:#FFFF99"|201.4
|style="background:#FFCC66"|218.8
|style="background:#FFCC66"|239.1
|style="background:#FFCC66"|221.1
|style="background:#FFFF99"|173.3
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|125.8
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|75.2
|style="background:#80CCFF"|50.6
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|1749.5
|}

=== Architecture ===
Drancy's buildings are too diverse to be characterised by any particular architectural style. Some of them with a style [[Art Nouveau]] are typical of the 19th and 20th centuries. There are [[housing estates]] and a [[Garden city movement|garden city]].

=== Park and Castle of Ladoucette ===
[[File:Parc de ladoucette.jpg|thumb|The parc de Ladoucette.]]
The parc de Ladoucette<ref>Nicolas Grenier, french poet, has written a poem about this parc de Ladoucette</ref> is the only park of Drancy. It contains a pond, a small educational [[farm]] and the castle of Ladoucette.<ref>{{cite web |title=Exhibition of the French artist Gerard Stricher in the Castle of Ladoucette to Drancy (France) |url=https://www.artsy.net/article/inception-gallery-exhibition-of-the-french-artist-gerard-stricher-in-the-castle-of-ladoucette-to-drancy-france |website=Artsy|date=16 June 2016 }}</ref> The castle was built in 1533 by [[Pierre Séguier]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parc de Ladoucette |url=https://www.trfihi-parks.com/en/park-details/12319-Parc-de-Ladoucette |website=TRFIHI Parks}}</ref> In the 19th century, the castle was the property of the senator Charles-Loetitia de Ladoucette. In 1874 his wife, la Baronne de Ladoucette, died and her body was placed in the Mausoleum de la Baronne de Ladoucette. Today she is buried in the Parisian cemetery.

==Urbanism==
Drancy is an urban commune, as it is one of the dense or intermediate density communes, as defined by the [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|Insee]] communal density grid.{{efn|According to the zoning of rural and urban municipalities published in November 2020, in application of the new definition of rurality validated on November 14, 2020 by the Interministerial Committee for Rural Areas.}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.observatoire-des-territoires.gouv.fr/typologie-urbain-rural|title=Typologie urbain / rural|website=observatoire-des-territoires.gouv.fr|access-date=March 15, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/definition/c1472|title=Commune urbaine - définition|website=[[Insee]] website|access-date=March 15, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.observatoire-des-territoires.gouv.fr/methodes/methode-comprendre-la-grille-de-densite|title=Comprendre la grille de densité|website=observatoire-des-territoires.gouv.fr|access-date=March 15, 2024}}</ref> It belongs to the [[urban unit]] of [[Paris]], an inter-departmental conurbation comprising 407 communes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/unite-urbaine-2020/00851-paris|title=Unité urbaine 2020 de Paris|publisher=INSEE|access-date= 12 November 2024}}</ref> and 10,785,092 inhabitants in 2017, of which it is a [[suburb]]an commune.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/information/4802589|title=Base des unités urbaines 2020 |date=October 21, 2020|website=insee.fr|access-date=March 15, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4806684|title=Toujours plus d'habitants dans les unités urbaines |first=Vianney| last=Costemalle |date=October 21, 2020|website=website of [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|Insee]]|access-date=March 15, 2024}}</ref>

The commune is also part of the [[functional area (France)|functional area of Paris]]{{efn|In October 2020, the concept of [[functional area (France)|functional area]] replaced that of [[urban area (France)|urban area]] in order to enable consistent comparisons with other [[European Union]] countries}} where it is located in the main population and employment centre of the functional area. This area comprises 1,929 communes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/aire-attraction-des-villes-2020/001-paris|title=Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Paris|publisher=[[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|Insee]] website|access-date=18 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4806694|title=En France, neuf personnes sur dix vivent dans l'aire d'attraction d'une ville |author1=Marie-Pierre de Bellefon|author2=Pascal Eusebio |author3=Jocelyn Forest |author4=Olivier Pégaz-Blanc |author5=Raymond Warnod 
|author6=(Insee) |date=October 21, 2020|website=[[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|Insee]] website|access-date=March 15, 2024}}</ref>

==Administration==
Part of the commune forms the [[canton of Drancy]]. The other part belongs to the [[canton of Le Blanc-Mesnil]].

==Transport==
[[File:Gare de Drancy 02.jpg|thumb|Railway station of Drancy]]

===Railways and buses===
Drancy is in Zone 3 of the [[Carte orange]]. The city is served by [[Le Bourget (Paris RER)|Le Bourget]] station and by [[Drancy (Paris RER)|Drancy]] station on Paris [[RER B|RER line B]]. [[Le Bourget (Paris RER)|Le Bourget]] station is situated near Drancy as well as the [[Paris Métro|métro]] station [[La Courneuve–8 mai 1945 (Paris Métro)|La Courneuve–8 mai 1945]] on the [[Paris Métro Line 7|Line 7]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ratp.info/orienter/f_plan.php?fm=gif&loc=reseaux&nompdf=rer_b&lang=| title=Site de la RATP - Drancy-Le Bourget|language=fr}}</ref> The RER B is one of the five lines in the [[Réseau Express Régional|RER]] [[Rapid transit]] system serving [[Paris]] and its suburbs.

Drancy is also served by the [[Paris Tramway Line 1]] with five stops<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ratp.info/orienter/f_plan.php?fm=gif&loc=reseaux&nompdf=t1&lang=| title=Site de la RATP - Le tramway 1|language=fr}}</ref> and by twelve bus lines.

By the [[RER B]], Drancy is near many Parisian railway stations, [[Gare du Nord]] is now just 10 minutes away, [[Gare Saint-Lazare]] and [[Gare de Lyon]] can be reached in 30 minutes. [[Charles de Gaulle Airport]] can also be reached in 30 minutes.

===Roads===
Drancy is served by the [[A3 autoroute|A3]] motorway and the [[A86 autoroute|A86]] motorways.

==Education==
Schools:<ref>"[http://www.drancy.net/index.php/Education?idpage=70&idmetacontenu=3486 Education] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928020554/http://www.drancy.net/index.php/Education?idpage=70&idmetacontenu=3486 |date=2016-09-28 }}." Drancy. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.</ref>
*17 public preschools (''écoles maternelles'')
*19 public elementary schools
*Six public junior high schools (''collèges''): Paul Bert, Anatole France, Jorissen, Paul Langevin, Liberte, Pierre Samard
*One private junior high school, Collège Saint-Germain
*Two public senior high schools/sixth-form colleges: [[Lycée Eugène Delacroix (Drancy)|Lycée Eugène Delacroix]] and [[Lycée Paul le Rolland]]

==International relations==
Drancy is twinned with:
:{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Willenhall]]
:{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Eisenhüttenstadt]]
:{{Flagicon|Senegal}} [[Gorée]]
:{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Svilajnac]]

==See also==
*[[Communes of the Seine-Saint-Denis department]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Drancy}}
* [http://www.drancy.net/ Official website] {{in lang|fr}}

{{Paris Metropolitan Area}}
{{Seine-Saint-Denis communes}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Communes of Seine-Saint-Denis]]