View source for Drop D tuning

{{Short description|Alternative form of guitar tuning}}
{{Distinguish|D tuning}}
{{refimprove|date=December 2013}}
[[Image:Drop D tuning.png|thumb|right|Drop D tuning]]

'''Drop D tuning''' is an alternative form of [[guitar tuning]] in which the lowest (sixth) string is tuned down from the usual E of standard tuning by one whole step to D.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.justinguitar.com/guitar-lessons/drop-d-tuning-es-021 |title=How to tune to Drop D. |website=Justinguitar.com |access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref> Therefore, where the standard tuning is E<sub>2</sub>A<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>G<sub>3</sub>B<sub>3</sub>E<sub>4</sub> (EADGBe), drop D is D<sub>2</sub>A<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>G<sub>3</sub>B<sub>3</sub>E<sub>4</sub> (DADGBe). Drop D tuning, as well as other lowered altered tunings, are often used with the [[electric guitar]] in [[heavy metal music]]. It is also used in [[blues]], [[Country music|country]], [[folk music|folk]] (often with [[acoustic guitar]]), and [[classical guitar]].
{{Listen|filename=D5_Power_Chord.ogg|title="D5 Power Chord"|description= A D5 [[power chord]] played in Drop D tuning on an [[electric guitar]] played with a [[distortion (music)|distortion]] [[effect unit|effect]]|format=[[Ogg]]}}

== Uses ==
In drop D, the three open bass strings form a D5 [[power chord]]. Other fifth chords are made when barred with the index finger of the fretting hand shifted up the [[fretboard]]. Drop D tuning is frequently used in [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] and its various subgenres, as guitarists in these styles often need fast transitions between power chords. Drop D is also used in metal because it adds two lower semitones to the bass range of the [[rhythm guitar]], which adds two more low-range power chords (E{{music|flat}} and D) and enables a heavier, deeper sound. The tuning has also been used in many other styles of music, including [[blues]], [[Country music|country]], [[folk music|folk]], and [[classical guitar|classical]]. Due to its similarity to standard tuning, drop D is recognised as a useful introduction to alternative tunings, leading logically to an exploration of [[DADGAD]], [[open D]], D tuning (in which all strings are tuned 1 full note lower DGCFAD), drop D{{music|flat}} (in which only the 6th string is tuned 3 frets lower D{{music|flat}}ADGBe) and drop D drop G (in which both the 5th and 6th strings are dropped a tone DGDGBe) tunings.

The tuning allows for chords with a root or bass note of D to be played with a D an octave lower than with standard tuning. It also allows the playing of open D chords that include the fifth and sixth strings, letting the full sonority of the guitar be heard. This can be especially useful for songs in the keys of D major or minor and is particularly effective on acoustic guitar. Drop D also allows [[fingerpicking|fingerpickers]] to play chord shapes higher up the neck while maintaining an [[alternating bass]]. The bottom three strings, if left open, will vibrate [[Sympathetic resonance|sympathetically]] and, using chord shapes limited to the top three strings, a [[Drone (music)|drone]] effect can easily be achieved.

The trade-off is the loss of the open bass E note in chords or fingerings, which the player can adjust to include fretting the sixth string at the second fret (now E).{{dubious|date=September 2014}}

== In rock and metal ==
Although the drop&nbsp;D tuning was introduced and developed by [[Classical music|classical]] guitarists and lutists – such as English [[renaissance]] composer [[John Dowland]] – drop&nbsp;D tuning is mostly known from its usage in contemporary [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] and [[hard rock]] bands. One of the earliest uses of drop&nbsp;D tuning was by English composer [[John Dowland]] during the [[renaissance]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is drop&nbsp;D tuning for acoustic guitar? |website=Guitar Reviewed (guitarreviewed.com) |url=https://guitarreviewed.com/posts/fd8f319c6316b34700346aacce1829c6/ |access-date=2023-03-27 }}</ref> Early hard rock songs tuned in drop D include [[The Beatles]]' "[[I Want You (She's So Heavy)]]" and [[Led Zeppelin]]'s "[[Moby Dick (instrumental)|Moby Dick]]", both first released in 1969.<ref name="BenLong">{{cite web |first=Ben |last=Long |title =Drop&nbsp;D tuning |url=http://www.123guitartuner.com/DropDTuning.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110203418/http://www.123guitartuner.com/DropDTuning.php |archive-date=10 November 2017 }}</ref> Tuning the lowest string one [[Musical tone|tone]] down, from E at D, allowed these musicians to acquire a heavier and darker sound than in [[standard tuning]]. Without needing to tune all strings (standard D tuning), they could tune just one, in order to lower the whole key. Drop&nbsp;D is also a convenient tuning, because it extends the [[Scale (music)|scale]] of an instrument by two more semitones: D and D{{sup|{{music|#}}}}.

In the mid 1980s, three [[alternative rock]] bands, [[King's X]], [[Soundgarden]], and [[Melvins]], influenced by [[Led Zeppelin]] and [[Black Sabbath]], made extensive use of drop&nbsp;D tuning.<ref name=terazrock>{{cite web |website=Teraz Rock (terazrock.pl) |title=Soundgarden Na 12 Stronach! |date=November 2010 |url=http://www.terazrock.pl/ |url-status=dead |access-date=2013-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621192543/http://www.terazrock.pl/ |archive-date=2013-06-21 }}</ref> While playing [[Power Chord|power chords]] (a chord that includes the prime, fifth, and octave) in standard tuning requires a player to use two or three fingers, drop D tuning needs just one, similar in technique to playing [[barre chord]]s.<ref name=Ldesson>{{cite web |series=Mr.&nbsp;Hardguitar |title=What is drop D tuning |date=13 April 2012 |department=Guitar Lesson |quote=How to tune guitar to drop&nbsp;D |type=tutorial video |website=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmpGYSwN3Kk }}</ref> It allowed them to use different methods of articulating power chords ([[legato]] for example) and more importantly, it allowed guitarists to change chords faster. This new technique of playing power chords introduced by these early [[grunge]] bands was a great influence on many artists, such as [[Rage Against the Machine]] and [[Tool (band)|Tool]]. The same drop D tuning then became common practice among [[alternative metal]] acts such as the band [[Helmet (band)|Helmet]], who used the tuning a great deal throughout their career and would later influence many alternative metal and [[nu metal]] bands.<ref>{{cite web |title=Heavy mental |type=interview |website=Blue Cricket (bluecricket.com) |first=Brad |last=Tolinski |date=September 1994 |url=http://www.bluecricket.com/helmet/interviews/gw994.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Guitar teacher guide |date=6 August 2019 |url=https://www.theguitardojo.com.au |url-status=dead |access-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420112145/https://www.theguitardojo.com.au/ |archive-date=20 April 2020 }}</ref>

Nu metal bands including [[Deftones]] and [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]] went one step further and decided to tune "drop" tuning even lower. By lowering the 6th string one whole step in lowered tunings they created a heavier and grittier sound. Lower tunings such as {{nobr|drop D{{sup|{{music|b}}}},}} used prior by groups such as [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] and [[Alice in Chains]], [[Drop C tuning|drop&nbsp;C]], [[Drop B tuning|drop&nbsp;B]], {{nobr|drop B{{sup|{{music|b}}}},}} and [[Dropped A tuning|drop&nbsp;A]] were used. These tunings are very popular among [[alternative metal]], [[metalcore]], and [[deathcore]] acts like [[Trivium (band)|Trivium]], [[Emmure]], [[Breaking Benjamin]], [[August Burns Red]], and [[Suicide Silence]], where fast chord changes were an essential part of the sound. [[Progressive metal]] acts such as [[Pain of Salvation]], [[Opeth]], [[Fates Warning]], and [[Dream Theater]] used these tunings in some of their E-tuned songs.

== Chords in drop D tuning ==
[[Image:D chord in drop D tuning.png|thumb|right|D chord in drop D tuning {{audio|D chord in drop D tuning.mid|Play}}.]]

[[Chord (music)|Chords]] in drop D tuning are formed as they are in standard tuning, with the exception of the sixth string, which is either omitted or fretted one whole step higher:

{|class="wikitable"
!Chord
!Tab
|-
!A
|<code>x02220</code>
|-
!Am
|<code>x02210</code>
|-
!B
|<code>x24442</code>
|-
!Bm
|<code>x24432</code>
|-
!C
|<code>x32010</code>
|-
!D
|<code>000232</code>
|-
!Dm
|<code>000231</code>
|-
!E
|<code>222100</code>
|-
!Em
|<code>222000</code>
|-
!F
|<code>333211</code>
|-
!F{{music|sharp}}
|<code>444322</code>
|-
!F{{music|sharp}}m
|<code>444222</code>
|-
!G
|<code>520033</code>
|}

Note that these chords are not the power chords commonly played in drop D tuning. Power chords generally mute the higher notes rather than the lower notes.

For purposes of making the table easier to read, spaces are provided between each number when the fret number becomes a double digit. Additionally, the highest note in any 5th chord is an octave from the root note so it is not necessary to play it to achieve a 5th chord.
{|class="wikitable"
!Chord
!colspan="2"|Tabs
|-
!A5
|<code>777xxx</code>
|<code>x022xx</code>
|-
!B{{music|flat}}5
|<code>888xxx</code>
|<code>x133xx</code>
|-
!B5
|<code>999xxx</code>
|<code>x244xx</code>
|-
!C5
|<code>10 10 10xxx</code>
|<code>x355xx</code>
|-
!C{{music|sharp}}5
|<code>11 11 11xxx</code>
|<code>x466xx</code>
|-
!D5
|<code>000xxx</code>
|<code>x577xx</code>
|-
!E{{music|flat}}5
|<code>111xxx</code>
|<code>x688xx</code>
|-
!E5
|<code>222xxx</code>
|<code>x799xx</code>
|-
!F5
|<code>333xxx</code>
|<code>x8 10 10xx</code>
|-
!F{{music|sharp}}5
|<code>444xxx</code>
|<code>x9 11 11xx</code>
|-
!G5
|<code>555xxx</code>
|<code>x10 12 12xx</code>
|-
!G{{music|sharp}}5
|<code>666xxx</code>
|<code>x11 13 13xx</code>
|-
|}

== Relation to other tunings ==
Drop D tuning is the most basic type of "drop 1" tuning, where the 6th string is tuned down a [[whole step]] (a tone). A large number of other "drop 1" tunings can be obtained simply by tuning a guitar to drop D tuning and then tuning all strings down some fixed amount. Examples are Drop D{{music|flat}}, [[Drop C tuning|Drop C]], [[Drop B tuning|Drop B]], Drop B{{music|flat}}, and [[Dropped A tuning|Drop A]] tunings. All of these use the same fingerings as for drop D tuning.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.guitarchordsmagic.com/drop-d-tuning.html Drop D Tuning] - Song Examples
* [http://www.guitarplayer.com/article/tyrannosaurus-x/Jan-06/17064 Tyrannosaurus X] - [[Guitar Player]]'s Vincent DeMasi interviews [[Ty Tabor]] about dropped tunings
* [http://www.fretjam.com/drop-tuning.html Online Tuners for Drop D, C and B] - Drop tuning audio references
* [http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/lessons/for_beginners/drop_d_-_tuning_and_basic_chords.html Ultimate-Guitar] - Drop D-Tuning and Basic Chords
* [http://music.stackexchange.com/questions/1363/why-is-dropped-d-tuning-used-so-often Music Stackexchange] - Why Is Dropped D Tuning Used So Often?

{{Guitar tunings}}

[[Category:Guitar tunings]]