View source for Dubna

{{Short description|Town in Moscow Oblast, Russia}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{expand Russian|date=March 2024|topic=geo}}
{{Infobox Russian town
| en_name = Dubna
| ru_name = Дубна
| image_skyline = File:Дубна (50116392561).jpg
| coordinates = {{Wikidatacoord|Q135466|display=inline,title}}
| map_label_position = right
| image_coa = Coat of arms of Dubna.svg
| coa_caption = 
| image_flag = Flag of Dubna (Moscow oblast) (2003).svg
| flag_caption = 
| anthem = 
| anthem_ref = 
| holiday = 
| holiday_ref = 
| federal_subject = [[Moscow Oblast]]
| federal_subject_ref = <ref name="Ref1406" />
| adm_city_jur = Dubna [[City of federal subject significance|Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction]]
| adm_city_jur_ref = <ref name="Ref1406" />
| adm_ctr_of = Dubna Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction
| adm_ctr_of_ref = <ref name="Ref1406" />
| inhabloc_cat = City
| inhabloc_cat_ref = <ref name="Ref1406" />
| urban_okrug_jur = Dubna Urban Okrug
| urban_okrug_jur_ref = <ref name="Ref777" />
| mun_admctr_of = Dubna Urban Okrug
| mun_admctr_of_ref = <ref name="Ref777" />
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_title_ref = 
| leader_name = Maxim Tikhomirov
| leader_name_ref = 
| representative_body = 
| representative_body_ref = 
| area_of_what = 
| area_as_of = 
| area_km2 = 
| area_km2_ref = 
| pop_2010census = 70663
| pop_2010census_rank = 223rd
| pop_2010census_ref = <ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
| pop_density = 
| pop_density_as_of = 
| pop_density_ref = 
| pop_latest = 72357
| pop_latest_date = 2012
| pop_latest_ref = <ref name="2012Est" />
| established_date = 
| established_title = 
| established_date_ref = 
| current_cat_date = 
| current_cat_date_ref = 
| prev_name1 = 
| prev_name1_date = 
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| postal_codes = 141980
| postal_codes_ref = 
| dialing_codes = 49621
| dialing_codes_ref = 
| website = http://www.naukograd-dubna.ru
}}
'''Dubna''' ({{lang-rus|Дубна́|p=dʊbˈna}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] in [[Moscow Oblast]], [[Russia]], 45 miles (72 km) east of [[Tver]] and 69 miles (111 km) north of [[Moscow]]. It has a status of ''[[naukograd]]'' (i.e. town of science), being home to the [[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]], an international [[nuclear physics]] research center and one of the largest scientific foundations in the country. It is also home to [[MKB Raduga]], a defense aerospace company specializing in design and production of missile systems, as well as to the Russia's largest [[Telecommunications port|satellite communications center]] owned by [[Russian Satellite Communications Company]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eng.rscc.ru/space/centry-kosmicheskoj-svyazi/cks-dubna/ |title=Ground infrastructure |website=[[Russian Satellite Communications Company]]}}</ref> The modern town was developed in the middle of the 20th century and town status was granted to it in 1956. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=70,663|p2002=60,951|p1989=65,805}}

==Geography==
The town is {{convert|120|m|sp=us}} above [[sea level]], situated approximately {{convert|125|km|sp=us}} north of [[Moscow]], on the [[Volga River]], just downstream from the [[Ivankovo Reservoir]]. The reservoir is formed by a hydroelectric [[dam]] across the Volga situated within the town borders. The town lies on both banks of the Volga. The western boundary of the town is defined by the [[Moscow Canal]] joining the Volga, while the eastern boundary is defined by the [[Dubna River (Volga basin)|Dubna River]] joining the Volga.{{Cn|date=February 2022}}

Dubna is the northernmost town of Moscow Oblast.{{Cn|date=February 2022}}

==History==
{{unreferenced|section|date=September 2025}}
===Pre-World War II===
Fortress Dubna ({{langx|ru|Дубна}}) belonging to [[Rostov-Suzdal Principality]] was built in the area in 1132 by the order of [[Yuri Dolgoruki]] and existed until 1216. The fortress was destroyed during the feudal war between the sons of [[Vsevolod the Big Nest]]. The village of Gorodishche ({{lang|ru|Городище}}) was located on the right bank of the Volga River and was a part of the [[Kashin Principality]]. Dubna customs post ({{lang|ru|Дубненское мыто)}} was located in the area and was a part of the [[Tver#Grand princedom|Principality of Tver]].

Before the [[October Revolution]], few villages were in the area: Podberezye was on the left bank of the Volga, and Gorodishche, Alexandrovka, Ivankovo, Yurkino, and Kozlaki ({{langx|ru|Козлаки}}) were on the right bank.

Right after the Revolution one of the first [[collective farm]]s was organized in Dubna area.

In 1931, the [[Orgburo]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party]] made a decision to build the [[Moscow Canal|Volga-Moscow Canal]]. [[Genrikh Yagoda]], then the leader of the [[State Political Directorate]], was put in charge of construction. The Canal was completed in 1937. [[Ivankovo Reservoir]] and [[Ivankovo hydroelectrical plant]] were also created as a part of the project. Many villages and the town [[Korcheva]] were submerged under water. Dubna is mentioned in [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]'s book ''[[The Gulag Archipelago]]'' as the town built by Gulag prisoners.

===Science===
{{See also|Joint Institute for Nuclear Research}}

The decision to build a [[proton accelerator]] for nuclear research was taken by the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] government in 1946. An impractical place where the current town is situated was chosen due to remoteness from Moscow and the presence of the [[Ivankovo Reservoir|Ivankovo power plant]] nearby. The scientific leader was [[Igor Kurchatov]]. The general supervisor of the project including construction of a settlement, a road and a railway connecting it to Moscow (largely involving [[penal labour]] of [[Gulag]] inmates) was the [[NKVD]] chief [[Lavrentiy Beria]]. After three years of intensive work, the accelerator was commissioned on 13 December 1949.

The town of Dubna was officially inaugurated in 1956, together with the [[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]] (JINR), which has developed into a large international research laboratory involved mainly in [[particle physics]], [[heavy ion]] physics, synthesis of [[transuranium element]]s, and [[radiobiology]]. In 1960, a town of Ivankovo situated on the opposite (left) bank of the Volga was merged into Dubna. In 1964, Dubna hosted the prestigious [[International Conference on High Energy Physics]].

Currently, a construction of the [[Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility|NICA particle collider]], a megascience project is underway in Dubna.

Outstanding physicists of the 20th century including [[Nikolay Bogolyubov]], [[Georgy Flyorov]], [[Vladimir Veksler]], and [[Bruno Pontecorvo]] used to work at the institute. A number of elementary particles and nuclei of [[transuranium element]]s (most recently, [[Tennessine|element 117 tennessine]]) have been discovered and investigated there, leading to the honorary naming of [[chemical element]] 105 [[dubnium]] (Db) for the town.

==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], it is incorporated as '''Dubna [[City of federal subject significance|Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction]]'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Moscow Oblast|districts]].<ref name="Ref1406">Law #11/2013-OZ</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], Dubna Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as '''Dubna Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref777">Law #84/2005-OZ</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|align = center
|shading = off
|1959|14000
|1970|43700
|1979|54900
|1989|65800
|2003|61000
|2008|62500
|2010<ref name="2010Census"/>|70663
|2012<ref name="2012Est"/>|72357
|source=<ref name="MoyGorod">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mojgorod.ru/moskovsk_obl/dubna/index.html |title=Народная энциклопедия "Мой город". Дубна (Московская область) |website=www.mojgorod.ru |access-date=5 March 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326081429/http://www.mojgorod.ru/moskovsk_obl/dubna/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> unless indicated otherwise
}}

==Economics==
Before the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], [[JINR]] and [[MKB Raduga]] were the main employers in the town. Since then their role has decreased significantly. Several small industrial enterprises have emerged, however the town still experiences some employment difficulties. Proximity to [[Moscow]] allows many to commute and work there. Plans by [[Sistema|AFK Sistema]] and other investors including government structures have been announced to build a Russian analogue of [[Silicon Valley]] in Dubna. As of the beginning of 2007, nothing has commenced.{{Cn|date=February 2022}}

===Transport===
<gallery mode="packed">
Шлюз_№1_Дубна.jpg|First gate of [[Moscow Canal]]
Volga River. Dubna. Cruise ship Mikhail Bulgakov P5223359 2200.jpg|Water transport in Volga
Большая Волга (Станция).jpg|Bolshaya Volga railway station
Railway station Dubna-2.JPG|Dubna-2 railway station 
Dubna, road tunnel under the Moscow Canal locks (closed in 2019).jpg|Road tunnel under the [[Moscow Canal]] lock
Dubna_bridge.winter2018.jpg|[[:ru:Дубненский мост|Dubna bridge]] over Volga
</gallery>
Dubna is the starting point of the [[Moscow Canal]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.prlib.ru/en/history/619387 |title=The Moscow Canal opened |website=Presidential Library |access-date=5 March 2023 |archive-date=2 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102045602/https://www.prlib.ru/en/history/619387 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Dubna |title=Dubna &#124; Russia &#124; Britannica |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=5 March 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629015613/https://www.britannica.com/place/Dubna |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition to the canal, Dubna is connected to Moscow with the [[:ru:А104 (автодорога)|А104]] highway, and the [[Savyolovsky suburban railway line]] provides access to Moscow.
Public transport connections to Moscow include express trains, suburban trains, and bus shuttles departing from the [[Savyolovsky Rail Terminal]].{{Cn|date=February 2022}}

==Culture==
<gallery mode="packed">
Dubna House Culture Oktyabr Lobby.JPG|Oktyabr Palace of Culture
House Culture Mir Dubna-2.JPG|Mir House of Culture 
Dubna Theater.JPG|Dubna Theater
Organ Hall Dubna.JPG|Organ Hall 
Dubna Choral School of Boys.JPG|Boys and Youth Choir School
Blokhintsev Library Dubna.JPG|Blokhintsev Library
</gallery>
<gallery mode="packed">
Dubna Lenin.JPG|Statue of [[Vladimir Lenin]] at Dubna
</gallery>
One of the world's tallest statues of [[Vladimir Lenin]], {{convert|25|m|sp=us}} high, built in 1937, is located at Dubna at the [[confluence]] of the [[Volga River]] and the [[Moscow Canal]]. The accompanying statue of [[Joseph Stalin]] of similar size was demolished in 1961 during the period of [[de-stalinization]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Salys |first1=Rimgaila |authorlink1=Rimgaila Salys |title=The Musical Comedy Films of Grigorii Aleksandrov: Laughing Matters |date=2009 |publisher=Intellect Books |page=271}}</ref>
Among the city's cultural facilities are: the Mir House of Culture, the Oktyabr Palace of Culture, a movie theater, 21 libraries, 4 music schools and a school of arts. In 1990, the Dubna Symphony Orchestra was established.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://simf-dubna.com/ |title=Дубненский симфонический оркестр |date=18 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218062454/http://simf-dubna.com/ |access-date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=18 December 2014}}</ref>

===Museums===
*Museum of Archeology and Local History of Dubna<ref>{{cite web |title=Музей Дубны |url=https://muzei-dubna.ru/ |access-date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830124408/https://muzei-dubna.ru/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[JINR]] Museum of the History of Science and Technology<ref>{{cite web |title=О музее |url=http://museum.jinr.ru/ru/ |access-date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629015614/http://museum.jinr.ru/ru/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Museum of Natural History at Dubna International University<ref>{{cite web |title=Музей естественной истории |url=https://culttourism.ru/moscow_region/dubna/dubna_muzey_estestvennoy_istorii.html |access-date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830124410/https://culttourism.ru/moscow_region/dubna/dubna_muzey_estestvennoy_istorii.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Museum of Locks<ref>{{cite web |title=Музей замка |url=https://muzey-zamka.ru/ |access-date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830124408/https://muzey-zamka.ru/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Museum of Sports<ref>{{cite web |title=Музей спорта |url=https://culttourism.ru/moscow_region/dubna/dubna_muzey_sporta.html |access-date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830124405/https://culttourism.ru/moscow_region/dubna/dubna_muzey_sporta.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Svetoch Culturohistorical Center

===Cinema===
A variety of movies and miniseries were filmed in the city, such as:
*[[Volga-Volga]] (1938)
*[[Ballad of Siberia]] (1948)
*[[Nine Days in One Year]] (1962)
*[[All Remains to People]] (1963)
*[[Vasili and Vasilisa]] (1981)
*[[Katya Ismailova]] (1994)
*[[Brigada|Law of the Lawless]] (2002)

==Sports==
<gallery mode="packed">
Sports Complex Olymp Dubna.JPG|Olympic Sports Complex
Pool Archimedes Dubna.JPG|Archimedes Pool of JINR
Dubna Pool Raduga.jpg|Raduga Pool 
Dubna Nekhaevsky Water Stadium.JPG|[[:ru:Братья Нехаевские|Nekhaevsky Brothers]] Water Stadium
</gallery>
Dubna is located on the [[Moscow Canal]] and the [[Ivankovo Reservoir]], making it a good destination for water sports such as [[windsurfing]], [[kitesurfing]], and [[water skiing]].{{Cn|date=February 2022}}. In 2004, for the first time, a stage of the Water Ski World Cup took place in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jinrmag.jinr.ru/win/2005/31/ku31.htm |title="Спасибо, Дубна!" |website=jinrmag.jinr.ru |access-date=5 March 2023 |archive-date=9 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009155350/http://jinrmag.jinr.ru/win/2005/31/ku31.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2011, Dubna hosted the World Waterskiing Championships.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theworldgames.org/news/The-World-Games-17/world-meets-in-dubna-rus-1124 |title=World Meets in Dubna, RUS &#124; IWGA |website=www.theworldgames.org |access-date=5 March 2023 |archive-date=27 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227160018/https://www.theworldgames.org/news/The-World-Games-17/world-meets-in-dubna-rus-1124 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://waterski-dubna.ru/eng/ The Organizing Committee of the 2011 World Waterski Championships official web site] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424114442/http://waterski-dubna.ru/eng/ |date=24 April 2011 }}</ref>
Dubna's sports facilities include two stadiums, a waterskiing stadium on the Volga River, four swimming pools, tennis courts, and five sports complexes.{{Cn|date=February 2022}}

==Twin towns and sister cities==
{{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}

Dubna is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tpp.dubna.ru/49/ |title=Торгово-промышленная палата города Дубны |website=www.tpp.dubna.ru |access-date=5 March 2023 |archive-date=14 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014010533/http://www.tpp.dubna.ru/49/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Giv'at Shmuel]], [[Israel]]
*{{Flagicon|United States}} [[La Crosse, Wisconsin|La Crosse]], [[Wisconsin]], [[United States]]
*{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Alushta]], [[Ukraine]]
*{{Flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Kurchatov, Kazakhstan|Kurchatov]], [[Kazakhstan]]
*{{Flagicon|China}} [[Lincang]], [[China]]
*{{Flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Nová Dubnica]], [[Slovakia]]
==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
Dubna War Memorial and Gardens.JPG|War Memorial and Gardens on the banks of the [[Volga River]]
File:Dubna Ilyushin Il-2 1 of 4.JPG|[[Ilyushin Il-2]] in a war memorial in Dubna
File:Dubna Ilyushin Il-2 3 of 4.JPG|Plaque concerning the [[Ilyushin Il-2]] war memorial in Dubna
File:Dubna 9P512 3 of 3.JPG| Russian locomotive class 9P number 9P512 outside the Bolshaya Volga railway station in Dubna
Dubna_Monument_Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-25.JPG|Monument to the [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25]] in Dubna
</gallery>

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="2012Est">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/afc8ea004d56a39ab251f2bafc3a6fce |title=2012 population in Russia by city |access-date=17 March 2013 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180801/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2015/bul_dr/mun_obr2015.rar |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|mos|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|mos|mun|list|dubna}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category inline}}
*[http://www.naukograd-dubna.ru/ Official website of Dubna] {{in lang|ru}}
*[https://dubna.jsprav.ru/ Dubna Business Directory] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://www.dubna.ru/ News of Dubna] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005193413/http://www.dubna.ru/rastor/History/History.htm |date=5 October 2006 }} {{in lang|ru}}

{{Moscow Oblast}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Moscow Oblast]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1956]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Volga]]
[[Category:Nuclear research institutes]]
[[Category:Cities and towns built in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Naukograds]]
[[Category:Rus' towns]]