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{{Short description|Armenian woodwind musical instrument}}
{{Infobox instrument
| name           = Duduk
| background     = woodwind
| image          = Doudouk armenien.jpg
| classification = [[Wind instrument]] with [[double reed]]
| related        = Closely related instruments include the [[Mey (instrument)|Mey]] (Turkey), [[Balaban (instrument)|Balaban]] (Azerbaijan, Iran), [[Yasti Balaban]] (Dagestan), [[Duduki]] (Georgia), Duduk (Armenia), [[Hichiriki]] (Japan), [[Piri (instrument)|Piri]] (Korea), [[Guan (instrument)|Guanzi]] (China), and [[Kamis Sirnay]] (Kyrgyzstan),
| musicians      = [[Djivan Gasparyan]], [[Gevorg Dabaghyan]], [[Vache Hovsepyan]], [[Levon Minassian]], [[Pedro Eustache]]
| builders       = [[Karlen Matevosyan]], [[Arthur Grigoryan]], [[Hovsep Grigoryan]]
| image_capt     = Duduk
| sound sample = {{listen 
| embed    = yes
| filename = SERGO.TEL - April - duduk-improvisation2.ogg
| title = Duduk music
| description = Melody performed with a duduk by SERGO.TEL.}}
}}
{{Infobox intangible heritage
| Image       = Kids Playing duduk.jpg
| Caption     = Armenian children playing the duduk
| ICH         = Duduk and its music
| State Party = Armenia
| Domains     = Performing arts (music)
| ID          = 00092
| Region      = ENA
| Year        = 2008
| Session     = 3rd
| List        = Representative
}}

The '''duduk''' ({{IPAc-en|d|uː|ˈ|d|uː|k}} {{respell|doo|DOOK}}; {{langx|hy|դուդուկ}} {{IPA|hy|duˈduk|IPA}})<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society|date=2006|volume=32|page=183|publisher=[[American Musical Instrument Society]]|quote=...the duduk (pronounced doo-dook)...|title= The Duduk and National Identity in Armenia }}</ref> or '''tsiranapogh''' ({{langx|hy|ծիրանափող}}, meaning "apricot-made wind instrument"), is a [[double reed]] [[woodwind instrument]] made of [[apricot]] wood originating from [[Armenia]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCollum|first=Jonathan|date=2016|title=Duduk (i)|url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-4002294080.|journal=Grove Music Online|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2294963|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=gyiTOcnb2yYC&pg=PA335 "…which is indigenous to Armenia,…"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509201603/https://books.google.com/books?id=gyiTOcnb2yYC&pg=PA335&dq=%22which+is+indigenous+to+Armenia,+and+its+sound+is%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3nennwe7ZAhXIvrwKHfOXBvsQ6AEIJjAA |date=2018-05-09 }}, World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East p.335</ref> Variations of the Armenian duduk appear throughout the [[Caucasus]], the Balkans, and the Middle East, including [[Bulgaria]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Turkey]], and [[Iran]].<ref name="Stokes">{{cite book|editor=Stokes, Jamie|title=Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Volume 1|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8160-7158-6|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA63 63]|publisher=Facts On File |quote=One of the oldest indigenous Armenian instruments is the duduk, a woodwind instrument usually made from apricot wood, with a double reed.}}</ref><ref name="unesco 2003">{{cite web<!--|title=Dialogue among civilizations. Caucasus-->|title=Armenian duduk and other Armenian folk instruments|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001393/139314m.pdf|publisher=UNESCO|date=June 2003|access-date=16 March 2014|page=32|quote=Duduk is considered to be the most Armenian of all folk instruments for its Armenian origin and honest expression. It has a 1500 – year history and is native to Armenia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan.}}</ref> Duduk, [[Balaban (instrument)|Balaban]], and [[Mey (instrument)|Mey]] are almost identical, except for historical and geographical differences.<ref name=Comp>[https://www.ayk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/KARAHASANO%c4%9eLU-Song%c3%bcl-A-COMPARATIVE-VIEW-OF-THE-MEY-BALABAN-AND-DUDUK-AS-ORGANOLOGICAL-PHENOMENA.pdf A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE MEY, BALABAN AND DUDUK AS ORGANOLOGICAL PHENOMENA]{{Retrieved|access-date=February 28, 2022}}</ref>

It is commonly played in pairs: while the first player plays the melody, the second plays a steady drone called ''dum'', and the sound of the two instruments together creates a richer, more haunting sound. The unflattened reed and cylindrical body produce a sound closer to the [[English horn]] than the [[oboe]] or [[bassoon]]. Unlike other double reed instruments like the oboe or [[shawm]], the duduk has a very large reed proportional to its size.

[[UNESCO]] proclaimed the Armenian duduk and its music as a [[Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity|Masterpiece of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity]] in 2005 and inscribed it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sounds of Armenian duduk|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/venice/resources-services/multimedia/photo-stories/sounds-of-armenian-duduk/|publisher=UNESCO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316183627/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/venice/resources-services/multimedia/photo-stories/sounds-of-armenian-duduk/|archive-date=16 March 2014|date=November 2012|quote=Duduk and its music were inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008 (originally proclaimed in 2005). The duduk, or "dziranapogh" in Armenian, is a double-reed woodwind instrument made of apricot wood, conventionally called the "Armenian oboe".}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Duduk and its music|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00092|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=16 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316183455/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00092|archive-date=16 March 2014}}</ref> Duduk music has been used in a number of films, most notably in ''[[The Russia House (film)|The Russia House]]'' and ''[[Gladiator (2000 film)|Gladiator]]''.

==Etymology==
Both the Russian book ''Musical Instruments Encyclopedia'' (Музыкальные инструменты. Энциклопедия) and American book ''Musical Instruments, A Comprehensive Dictionary'' give an ultimate origin of the name as Persian, the word ''tutak''.<ref>{{cite dictionary |entry= Duduk |title=Musical Instruments, A Comprehensive Dictionary |first= Sibyl |last= Marcuse |publisher= Doubleday |place= Garden City, New York |date= 1964 |page=157|url=https://archive.org/details/musicalinstrumen00marcus/page/156/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Музыкальные инструменты. Энциклопедия |editor= Есипова М. В.|date=2008 |publisher=Дека-ВС |location=[[Moscow]] |pages=207–209 |chapter=Дудук (свистковая флейта и язычковый духовой инструмент) |quote= [Information in English: ''Musical instruments. Encyclopedia'' Publisher: Deca-Sun, The year of publishing: 2008, Place of publication: Moscow, Text language: Russian, Editor/compiler: Esipova M.V., ISBN 978-5-901951-40-8]}}</ref> 

In Armenia, the instrument is also known as ''tsiranapogh'' ({{ill|ծիրանափող|hy|Դուդուկ|vertical-align=sup}}).

This instrument is not to be confused with the northwestern Bulgarian folk instrument of the same name (see below, [[#Balkan duduk|Balkan duduk]]). Similar instruments used in other parts of [[Western Asia]] are the ''[[Mey (instrument)|mey]]'' and ''[[Balaban (instrument)|balaban]]''.

==Overview==
[[File:Duduk1.jpg|thumb|80px]]
[[File:Anchededoudouk.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A duduk reed]]

The duduk is a [[double reed]] instrument with ancient origins, having existed since at least the fifth century, while there are Armenian scholars who believe it existed more than 1,500 years before that.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Broughton, Simon |editor2=Ellingham, Mark |editor3=Trillo, Richard|year=1999|title=World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East|page=[https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo/page/334 334]|isbn=9781858286358|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo/page/334}}</ref> The earliest instruments similar to the duduk's present form are made of bone or entirely of cane. Today, the duduk is exclusively made of wood with a large double reed, with the body made from aged [[apricot]] wood.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia|date=2012|publisher=[[SAGE Publications]]|location=Thousand Oaks, California|isbn=9781412981767|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GtCL2OYsH6wC&dq=modern+duduks+are+typically+made+from+aged+apricot+wood&pg=PA167 167]|editor1=Andrea L. Stanton |editor2=Edward Ramsamy |editor3=Peter J. Seybolt }}</ref>

The particular tuning depends heavily on the region in which it is played. An eight-hole duduk (not counting the thumb hole on the lower side) can play ten successive notes of a [[diatonic scale]] with simple fingering, or sixteen consecutive notes of a [[chromatic scale]] by half-covering holes. For example, an A duduk can play all the notes from F♯ to the A more than an octave higher.<ref>{{cite web |title=Duduk Fingering Chart |url=https://www.armenianduduk.am/fingering-chart-for-duduk.html |publisher=ArmenianDuduk.am}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=HOW TO PLAY DUDUK 3: Playing a scale |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qbq5CoTpYKI |website=YouTube | date=3 February 2014 |publisher=DudukLessons.com}}</ref> (Another reference gives different information.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dr John Vartan |title=Armenian Duduk An Instructional Book For Beginners |url=http://www.johnvartan.com/DudukInstructions_JohnVartan.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118033617/http://www.johnvartan.com/DudukInstructions_JohnVartan.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=January 18, 2006 |publisher=American Recording Productions |date=2000}}</ref>) By using the lips to "bend" notes and partially covering holes any pitch in this range can be produced, as required for Oriental music.<ref>{{cite web |last1=David Brown |title=The Duduk & Mey: History, Info and Set-Up |url=https://larkinthemorning.com/blogs/articles/the-duduk-mey-history-info-and-set-up |website=Lark in the morning|date=27 April 2017 }}</ref> The instrument's body has different lengths depending upon the range of the instrument and region. The [[reed (music)|reed]] (Armenian: [[wikt:եղեգն|եղեգն]], ''eġegn''), is made from one or two pieces of cane in a duck-bill type assembly.  Unlike other double-reed instruments, the reed is quite wide, helping to give the duduk both its unique, mournful sound, as well as its remarkable breathing requirements. The duduk player is called ''dudukahar'' ([[wikt:դուդուկահար|դուդուկահար]]) in Armenian.

The performers use air stored in their cheeks to keep playing the instrument while they inhale air into their lungs. This [[circular breathing|"circular" breathing]] technique is commonly used with all the double-reed instruments in the Middle East.<ref name="Iranica">{{cite web|last=Albright|first=Ch.|title=BĀLĀBĀN|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/balaban-a-cylindrical-bore-double-reed-wind-instrument-about-35-cm-long-with-seven-finger-holes-and-one-thumb-hole-play|publisher=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316214716/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/balaban-a-cylindrical-bore-double-reed-wind-instrument-about-35-cm-long-with-seven-finger-holes-and-one-thumb-hole-play|archive-date=16 March 2014|date=15 December 1988}}</ref>

Duduk "is invariably played with the accompaniment of a second ''dum duduk'', which gives the music an energy and tonic atmosphere, changing the scale harmoniously with the principal duduk."<ref name=dudukweb>{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnicinstruments.co.uk/about.html |title=WWW.DUDUK.CO.UK - Professional Armenian Duduks, Zurnas, Ghamish by Master Arthur Grigoryan |access-date=2006-02-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304100023/http://www.ethnicinstruments.co.uk/about.html |archive-date=2006-03-04 }} Duduk Info at Ethnicinstruments.co.uk</ref>

==History==
Armenian musicologists cite evidence of the duduk's use as early as 1200 BC, though Western scholars suggest it is 1,500 years old.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/gasparyan-djivan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628233103/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3428400203.html|url-status=dead|title=Gasparyan, Djivan &#124; Encyclopedia.com|archive-date=June 28, 2011|website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=July 2019}} Variants of the duduk can be found in [[Armenia]] and the [[Caucasus]]. The history of the Armenian duduk music is dated to the reign of the Armenian king [[Tigran the Great]], who reigned from 95 to 55&nbsp;B.C.<ref>"The roots of Armenian duduk music go back to the times of the Armenian king Tigran the Great (95-55 BC)": "[http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00092 The Duduk and its Music] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316183455/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00092 |date=2014-03-16 }}. [[UNESCO]]. Accessed February 8, 2010.</ref> According to ethnomusicologist Dr. [[Jonathan McCollum]], the instrument is depicted in numerous Armenian manuscripts of the Middle Ages, and is "actually the only truly Armenian instrument that's survived through history, and as such is a symbol of Armenian national identity ... The most important quality of the duduk is its ability to express the language dialectic and mood of the Armenian language, which is often the most challenging quality to a duduk player."<ref>{{cite news|last=Turpin|first=Andy|title=Nothing Sounds Armenian Like a Duduk: ALMA Lecture|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/02/12/nothing-sounds-armenian-like-a-duduk/|access-date=16 March 2014|newspaper=[[Armenian Weekly]]|date=12 February 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312141743/http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/02/12/nothing-sounds-armenian-like-a-duduk/|archive-date=12 March 2012}}</ref>

==Balkan duduk==
While "duduk" most commonly refers to the [[double reed]] instrument described on this page, there is a very similar instrument played in northwestern Bulgaria. This is a blocked-end flute known as a [[kaval]], resembling the Serbian [[frula]], or kavalče in a part of North Macedonia,<ref>[http://www.macedoniadirect.com/instruments/supelki.htm www.macedoniadirect.com/instruments/supelki.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525162713/http://macedoniadirect.com/instruments/supelki.htm |date=2006-05-25 }}</ref> and as duduk in northwest Bulgaria.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://horo.bg/index.php?menunode=2&show=material&materialid=259 |title=Дудук : Horo.bg - българският сайт за народни хора, песни, танци, обичаи, фолклор |publisher=Horo.bg |access-date=2013-09-22 |language=bg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927233800/http://horo.bg/index.php?menunode=2&show=material&materialid=259 |archive-date=2013-09-27 }}</ref><ref>For a detailed description of the instrument (in Bulgarian), see {{cite web |url=http://www.bgjourney.com/Bit%20t%20Kultura/Old%20gloss/Old%20gloss%20Du.html |title=Бит и култура &#124; Речник на остарели, редки, чуждици и диалектни думи ДЛ-ДУ |access-date=2012-03-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216024758/http://www.bgjourney.com/Bit%20t%20Kultura/Old%20gloss/Old%20gloss%20Du.html |archive-date=2012-02-16 }}</ref> Made of maple or other wood, it comes in two sizes: {{convert|700|-|780|mm}} and {{convert|240|-|400|mm}} (duduce). The blocked end is flat.

==In popular culture==
{{more citations needed|date=March 2014}}
The sound of the duduk has become known to wider audiences through its use in popular film soundtracks. Starting with [[Peter Gabriel]]'s score for [[Martin Scorsese]]'s ''[[The Last Temptation of Christ (film)|The Last Temptation of Christ]]'', the duduk's archaic and mournful sound has been employed in a variety of genres to depict such moods. Djivan Gasparyan played the duduk in ''[[Gladiator (2000 film)|Gladiator]]'', ''[[Syriana]]'', and ''[[Blood Diamond (film)|Blood Diamond]]'', among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0309222/|title=Jivan Gasparyan|website=IMDb|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216105914/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0309222/|archive-date=16 February 2017}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=April 2020}} It was also used extensively in ''[[Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)|Battlestar Galactica]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bearmccreary.com/blog/?p=42|title=Bear McCreary – Official site|website=www.bearmccreary.com|date=28 September 2006 |access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928023715/http://www.bearmccreary.com/blog/?p=42|archive-date=28 September 2011}}</ref> In the TV series ''[[Avatar: The Last Airbender]]'',  its computer-altered sound was given to the fictitious ''Tsungi horn'', most notably played by Iroh and often being featured in the show's soundtrack. With many of the members who worked on [[Avatar: The Last Airbender|ATLA]] now working on ''[[The Dragon Prince]]'', the duduk regularly appears in its soundtrack as well. The sound of the duduk was also used in ''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]'' for a lullaby which Mr. Tumnus plays on a fictitious double flute, and was featured in the theme song of the Dothraki clan during the TV adaptation ''[[Game of Thrones]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/soundtracks/news/article_9955.php/Harry_Gregson-Williams_Talks_Narnia_&_Narnian_Lullaby_Clip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721212529/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/soundtracks/news/article_9955.php/Harry_Gregson-Williams_Talks_Narnia_%26_Narnian_Lullaby_Clip|url-status=dead|title=Harry Gregson-Williams Talks Narnia & Narnian Lullaby Clip|archive-date=July 21, 2012}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dw.com/en/no-flutes-allowed-composer-ramin-djawadi-on-the-music-of-game-of-thrones/a-19201563 No flutes allowed: Composer Ramin Djawadi on the music of 'Game of Thrones'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101104943/http://www.dw.com/en/no-flutes-allowed-composer-ramin-djawadi-on-the-music-of-game-of-thrones/a-19201563 |date=2016-11-01 }}, ''[[Deutsche Welle]]''</ref>

Armenia's entry in the [[2010 Eurovision Song Contest]], "[[Apricot Stone]]," featured Armenian musician [[Djivan Gasparyan]] playing the duduk.

===Film soundtracks===
The duduk has been used in a number of films, especially "to denote otherworldliness, loneliness, and mourning or to supply a Middle Eastern/Central Asian atmosphere".<ref>{{cite book|first=Eric|last=Hung|title=Buffy, Ballads, and Bad Guys Who Sing: Music in the Worlds of Joss Whedon|date=2011|publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]]|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=9780810877658|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DM-889ISwMIC&dq=to+denote+otherworldliness%2C+loneliness%2C+and+mourning+or+to+supply+a+Middle+Eastern%2FCentral+Asian+atmosphere.&pg=PA259 259]|editor=Leonard, Kendra Preston|editor-link=Kendra Preston Leonard}}</ref>
* [[Ararat (film)|''Ararat'' (2002)]] by [[Mychael Danna]]
* [[Avatar (2009 film)|''Avatar'' (2009)]] by [[Nacer Khemir]], in the track ''Shutting Down Grace's Lab''
* [[Bab'Aziz|Bab'Aziz: le prince qui contemplait son âme]] (Bab'Aziz: The Prince Who Contemplated His Soul), 2005 by [[Nacer Khemir]]
* [[Bedtime Stories (film)|''Bedtime Stories'' (2008)]] by [[Rupert Gregson-Williams]]<ref name="chrisbleth1">{{cite web|url=http://www.chrisbleth.com/credits.html |title=Chris Bleth Movie Credits|publisher=Chrisbleth.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316212705/http://www.chrisbleth.com/credits.html|archive-date=16 March 2014}}</ref>
* [[Brotherhood of the Wolf|''Brotherhood of the Wolf'' (2001)]] by [[Joseph LoDuca]]
* [[Chilean Gothic (film)|''Chilean Gothic'' (2000)]] by [[Fractal]]
* [[Constantine (film)|''Constantine'' (2005)]] by [[Brian Tyler (composer)|Brian Tyler]], [[Klaus Badelt]], in the track ''Circle of Hell''
* [[The Crow (soundtrack)|''The Crow'' (1994)]] by [[Graeme Revell]] featuring the duduk player [[Djivan Gasparyan]]
* [[Dead Man Walking (film)|''Dead Man Walking'' (1995)]] by [[David Robbins (composer)|David Robbins]]
* [[Elektra (2005 film)|''Elektra'' (2005)]] by [[Christophe Beck]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* [[Gladiator (2000 soundtrack)#More Music from Gladiator|''Gladiator'' (2000)]] by [[Djivan Gasparyan]] in the track ''Duduk of the North''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tracksounds.com/reviews/gladiator.htm|title=Gladiator (Soundtrack) by Hans Zimmer and Lisa Gerrard|website=www.tracksounds.com|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620054815/http://www.tracksounds.com/reviews/gladiator.htm|archive-date=20 June 2006}}</ref>
* [[Hotel Rwanda|''Hotel Rwanda'' (2004)]] main theme music<ref name=rwanda>"Hotel Rwanda Film Music"{{cite web |url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/film/2006/apr06/hotelrwanda.html |title=Hotel Rwanda: Rupert Gregson-Williams, Andrea Guerra: Film Music on the Web CD Reviews April 2006 |access-date=2011-09-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129182649/http://www.musicweb-international.com/film/2006/apr06/hotelrwanda.html |archive-date=2011-11-29 }}</ref>
* ''[[Hulk (film)|Hulk]]'' (2003) duduk by [[Pedro Eustache]] by [[Danny Elfman]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Hulk Editorial Review|url=http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/hulk.html|publisher=Filmtracks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030722044336/http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/hulk.html |archive-date=22 July 2003 |date=8 June 2003}}</ref> 
* ''[[The Island (2005 film)|The Island]]'' (2005) by [[Steve Jablonsky]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[The Kite Runner (film)|The Kite Runner]]'' (2007) by [[Alberto Iglesias]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Passion: Music for The Last Temptation of Christ|The Last Temptation of Christ]]'' (1988) by [[Peter Gabriel]], featuring the duduk player [[Vatche Hovsepian]]
* ''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (soundtrack)|The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]'' (2005) by [[Harry Gregson-Williams]], in the track ''A Narnia Lullaby''<ref>{{cite web|last=Brennan|first=Mike|title=The Chronicles of Narnia Review|url=http://www.soundtrack.net/album/the-chronicles-of-narnia-the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316214922/http://www.soundtrack.net/album/the-chronicles-of-narnia-the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/|archive-date=16 March 2014|date=2 December 2005|quote=These include the use of the duduk as Mr. Tumnus' pipe in "A Narnia Lullaby"...}}</ref>
* ''[[Munich (2005 film)|Munich]]'' duduk by [[Pedro Eustache]]  (2005) by [[John Williams]]
* ''[[Mayrig]]'' (1991) by Omar Al Sharif
* ''[[Next (2007 film)|Next]]'' (2007) by [[Mark Isham]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[The Passion of The Christ]]'' (2004) by [[Mel Gibson]], composer [[John Debney]] duduks by [[Pedro Eustache]] and [[Chris Bleth]]
* ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End]]'' (2007) by [[Hans Zimmer]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Rendition (film)|Rendition]] '' (2007) by [[Paul Hepker]] and Mark Kilian, duduk by [[Pedro Eustache]] 
* ''[[Ronin (film)|Ronin]]'' (1998) by [[Elia Cmiral]], duduk by [[Albert Vardanyan]]
* ''[[Syriana]] '' (2005) by [[Alexandre Desplat]], duduks by [[Djivan Gasparyan]] and [[Pedro Eustache]] 
* ''[[The Russia House (film)|The Russia House]]'' (1990) by [[Jerry Goldsmith]]
* ''[[The Siege]] '' (1998) by [[Graeme Revell]], in the track ''Torture''
* ''[[Vantage Point (film)|Vantage Point]]'' (2008) by [[Atli Orvarsson]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Wanted (2008 film)|Wanted]]'' (2008) by [[Danny Elfman]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Warriors of Heaven and Earth]]'' (2003) by [[A. R. Rahman]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/23/stories/2003102301100200.htm|title=inese rhapsody|access-date=2003-10-23|author=Savita Gautham|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040225084151/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/23/stories/2003102301100200.htm|archive-date=2004-02-25}}</ref>
* ''[[You Don't Mess with the Zohan]]'' (2008) by [[Rupert Gregson-Williams]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''Beasts in Our Time'' and ''Under The Eye Of The Sun'' played by [[Robert Townsend (Saxophonist)|Rob Townsend]] on [[Steve Hackett]]'s album ''At The Edge Of Light'' 
* ''[[3 Faces]]'' (2018) by [[Jafar Panahi]], duduk by [[Yusef Moharamian]]
* [[Dune (2021 film)|''Dune'']] (2021) by [[Hans Zimmer]], duduk by [[Pedro Eustache]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://moviemusicuk.us/2024/03/08/dune-part-two-hans-zimmer/|website=[[The New York Times]]|title=How Hans Zimmer Conjured the Otherworldly Sounds of 'Dune' |date=22 October 2021 |last1=King |first1=Darryn }}</ref> 
* ''[[Dune: Part Two]]'' (2024) by [[Hans Zimmer]], duduk by [[Pedro Eustache]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/22/movies/hans-zimmer-dune.html|website=Movie Music UK|title=DUNE, PART TWO – Hans Zimmer &#124; MOVIE MUSIC UK |date= 8 March 2024|last1=Broxton |first1=Jonathan}}</ref> 

[[File:Benik Iknatyan playing the doudouk.jpg|thumb|right|320px|Benik Ignatyan playing the duduk at the [[Tsitsernakaberd|Armenian Genocide memorial complex]] in [[Yerevan]], Armenia, 1997.]]
[[File:Forom des langues 2013 18.jpg|thumb|Duduk player at the {{ill|Forom des langues du monde|fr|vertical-align=sup}} in [[Toulouse]], [[France]].]]

===Television soundtracks===
* ''[[Angel (1999 TV series)|Angel]]'' by Rob Kral<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Avatar: The Last Airbender]]'' by [[Jeremy Zuckerman]] features the instrument in a recurring motif associated with the character of [[Zuko]], most notably in the tracks "Iroh's Tsungi Horn" and "The Blue Spirit"
* ''[[Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)|Battlestar Galactica]]'' (2004 TV series) by [[Bear McCreary]]. Its tracks "Two Funerals", "Starbuck on the Red Moon", "Escape from the Farm", "Colonial Anthem, "Black Market", "Something Dark is Coming", "Martial Law", "Prelude to War" feature the duduk.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bearmccreary.com/blog/?p=42 |title=Instruments of Battlestar Galactica: Duduk |publisher=Bearmccreary.com |date=2006-09-28 |access-date=2010-02-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531173154/http://www.bearmccreary.com/blog/?p=42 |archive-date=2010-05-31 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Runner |first=Blade |url=http://galactica-station.blogspot.com/2006/10/duduk-instrument-that-makes-hollywood.html |title=Duduk: The Instrument That Makes Hollywood Cry |publisher=Galactica-station.blogspot.com |date=2004-02-26 |access-date=2010-02-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708040055/http://galactica-station.blogspot.com/2006/10/duduk-instrument-that-makes-hollywood.html |archive-date=2011-07-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/film/2006/dec06/bsg_s2.html |title=Battlestar Galactica: Season Two |publisher=Musicweb-international.com |access-date=2010-02-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014182512/http://www.musicweb-international.com/film/2006/dec06/bsg_s2.html |archive-date=2011-10-14 }}</ref> Roslin's theme was set to lyrics a second time for the third-season premiere "Occupation", this time in Armenian.
* ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'' by [[Christophe Beck]], Tomas Wanker, Rob Dunkin, [[Douglas Stevens]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Castle (TV series)|Castle]]'' by [[Robert Duncan (composer)|Robert Duncan]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Frank Herbert's Children of Dune|Children of Dune]]'' by Brian Tyler in the tracks "Dune Messiah", "The Throne of Alia", "The Preacher At Arrakeen", "Farewell"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinemusic.net/2008/12/27/children-of-dune/ |title=Children of Dune |publisher=Cinemusic.net |access-date=2010-02-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115103911/http://www.cinemusic.net/2008/12/27/children-of-dune/ |archive-date=November 15, 2009 }}</ref>
* ''[[Cold Case]]'' by [[Michael A. Levine]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''CSI: New York'' by [[Bill Brown (composer)|Bill Brown]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Firefly (TV series)|Firefly]]'' by [[Greg Edmonson]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Game of Thrones]]'' by [[Ramin Djawadi]] features the instrument in [[Daenerys Targaryen]]'s theme<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/game-thrones-composer-ramin-djawadi-437085 |title='Game of Thrones' Composer Ramin Djawadi: 'I'm Just Trying to Create Something Magical' (Q&A) |date=15 April 2013 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=2013-12-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225155807/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/game-thrones-composer-ramin-djawadi-437085 |archive-date=2013-12-25 }}</ref>
* ''[[JAG (TV series)|JAG]]'' by Steve Bramson<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''The Mummy Who Would Be King'' by Gil Talmi, [[Andrew Gross]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Over There (American TV series)|Over There]]'' by [[Ed Rogers]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[The Pacific (TV miniseries)|The Pacific]]'' by [[Blake Neely]] and [[Geoff Zanelli]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Path to 9/11]]'' by [[John Cameron (musician)|John Cameron]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Rome (TV series)|Rome]]'' by [[Jeff Beal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soundtrack.net/content/article/?id=201|title=Jeff Beal - Interview|website=www.soundtrack.net|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509201620/https://www.soundtrack.net/content/article/?id=201|archive-date=9 May 2018}}</ref>
*''[[The Dragon Prince]]'' by [[Frederik Wiedmann]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Role of Orchestration and Instrumentation in The Dragon Prince: Piano and Death|url=https://www.maxgluo.com/music/2020/8/30/the-role-of-orchestration-and-instrumentation-in-the-dragon-prince-piano-and-death|access-date=2021-01-11|website=Max Luo|language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''[[Spartacus (TV miniseries)|Spartacus]]'' by [[Randy Miller (composer)|Randy Miller]]. Track ''Second Thought''
* ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'' by [[Paul Baillargeon]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh!]]'' by Wayne Sharpe 
* ''[[Xena: Warrior Princess]]'' by Joseph Loduca
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'' by Bear McCreary features this instrument in settings of the Númenor theme.
* ''[[Boohbah]]''
* ''[[Foundation (TV series)]]'' by [[Bear McCreary]] features the instrument in a recurring motif associated with the character of Gaal Dornick.

===Video game scores===
* ''Shards of the Exodar'' in ''[[World of Warcraft: The Burning Crusade]]'' by Derek Duke, Glenn Stafford and [[Russell Brower]]
* ''Dalaran'' in ''[[World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King]]'' by Derek Duke, Glenn Stafford and [[Russell Brower]]
* ''Orsis'' in ''[[Hearthstone]]: League of Explorers''
* ''[[Civilization V]]'' by Michael Curran<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.michaelcurran.net/Civ5in.html |title=Civ5in |publisher=Michaelcurran.net |access-date=2013-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927110647/http://www.michaelcurran.net/Civ5in.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://issuu.com/knorr/docs/caesarwar |title=Rome - Augustus Caesar War - "Ancient Roman Melody Fragments" by Geoff Knorr |publisher=ISSUU |access-date=2013-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422020718/http://issuu.com/knorr/docs/caesarwar |archive-date=2015-04-22 }}</ref>
* ''[[Crimson Dragon]]'' by [[Saori Kobayashi]] and Jeremy Garren
* ''[[Dark Void]]'' by [[Bear McCreary]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Dota 2]]'' by Jason Hayes
* ''[[F.E.A.R. (video game)|F.E.A.R.]]'' by [[Nathan Grigg]]
* ''[[God of War III]]'' by [[Gerard Marino]]
* ''[[Mass Effect]]'' by [[Jack Wall (composer)|Jack Wall]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Bloodworth |first=Daniel |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/side-mission/2012/04/09/backtrack-composing-mass-effect-jack-wall-interview-part-1/ |title=BackTrack: Composing Mass Effect – Jack Wall Interview, Part 1 &#124; Side Mission |publisher=GameTrailers |date=2012-04-09 |access-date=2013-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605000103/http://www.gametrailers.com/side-mission/2012/04/09/backtrack-composing-mass-effect-jack-wall-interview-part-1/ |archive-date=2012-06-05 }}</ref>
* ''[[Myst III: Exile]]'' by [[Jack Wall (composer)|Jack Wall]]
* ''[[Myst IV: Revelation]]'' by [[Jack Wall (composer)|Jack Wall]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Outcast (video game)|Outcast]]'' by [[Lennie Moore]] in the track ''Oriental Spirit''
* ''[[Prince of Persia: The Two Thrones]]'' by [[Inon Zur]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''[[Uncharted 2: Among Thieves|Uncharted 2]]'' by [[Greg Edmonson]]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ''Croft Manor Theme'' in ''[[Tomb Raider Legend]]'' by [[Troels Brun Folmann]]
* ''[[The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim]]'' (2011) by [[Jeremy Soule]] in the track ''Tundra''
* ''[[Total War: Rome II]]'' by Richard Beddow
* ''[[Empire: Total War]]''
* ''[[Metro Exodus]]'' by Oleksii Omelchuk
* ''[[Xenoblade Chronicles 3]]'' by Kenji Hiramatsu in both ''Day'' and ''Night'' versions of the track ''Eagus Wilderness''
* ''[[Sonic Frontiers]]'' in the movements for ''Ares Island'' by Tomoya Ohtani (duduk performed by Tarumi Yasutaka)<ref>{{Cite AV media notes |title=Sonic Frontiers Original Soundtrack Stillness & Motion |first=Tomoya |last=Ohtani |date=7 December 2022 |page=11-12 |type=booklet |publisher=Wave Master Entertainment |id=WWCE-31540~5 |location=Tokyo, Japan}}</ref>

===Popular music===

*"Come Talk to Me" by [[Peter Gabriel]] (from the 1992 album ''[[Us (Peter Gabriel album)|Us]]'')
*"Zachem Ya" by [[t.A.T.u.]] (from the 2001 album ''[[200 Po Vstrechnoy]]'')
*"Prelude & Nostalgia" by [[Yanni]] (from the 1997 album ''[[Tribute (Yanni album)|Tribute]]'')
*"Prelude & Nostalgia" by [[Yanni]] (from the 2006 album ''[[Yanni Live! The Concert Event]]'')
*"Science" and "Arto" (Hidden Track) by [[System of a Down]] (from the 2001 album ''[[Toxicity (System of a Down album)|Toxicity]]'')
*"[[Jenny Wren]]" (2005) and "[[Back in Brazil]]" (2018) by [[Paul McCartney]]
*"All That I Am" by [[Rob Thomas (musician)|Rob Thomas]] (from the 2006 album ''[[...Something to Be]]'')
*"Touching the Void" by Soulfly (from the 2008 album ''[[Conquer (Soulfly album)|Conquer]]'')
*"[[Qélé, Qélé]]" by [[Sirusho]] (from the 2008 [[Eurovision Song Contest]] Armenian entry)
*"[[1944 (song)|1944]]" by [[Jamala]] (2015)
*"Soulfly X" by [[Soulfly]] (from the 2015 album ''[[Archangel (Soulfly album)|Archangel]]'')
*"Model Village" by [[Gong (band)]] (from the 2016 album ''[[Rejoice! I'm Dead!]]'')
*"Come Along" by [[Cosmo Sheldrake]] (from the 2017 album "The Much Much How How and I", and featured in advertisements for Apple's [[iPhone XR]] in the UK, USA, and Canada)
*"Meeting" album by A.G.A. Trio with Arsen Petrosyan on Duduk (2020 by [[Naxos (company)|NAXOS WORLD]])

===Anime soundtracks===
* ''[[Arrietty]]'' by [[Cécile Corbel]], in the track "Sho's Song - Instrumental Version"
* ''[[Tales from Earthsea (film)|Tales from Earthsea]]'' by Tamiya Terashima, in the tracks "The Trip", "The Spider" and "Violent Robbery/The Seduction of the Undead".<ref>{{cite web |author=Benoit Basirico |url=http://www.cinezik.org/critiques/affcritique.php?titre=contes_terremer |title=Gedo Senki (Les Contes de Terremer) |publisher=Cinezik.org |date=2005-11-14 |access-date=2010-02-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501152605/http://www.cinezik.org/critiques/affcritique.php?titre=contes_terremer |archive-date=2009-05-01 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Music of Armenia]]
* [[Aulos]]
* [[Shvi]]
* [[Mey (instrument)]]
* [[Zurna]]
* [[Sring]]
* [[Moscow International Duduk Festival|Moscow festival]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Commons category}}
*{{cite book|last=Nercessian|first=Andy|title=The Duduk and National Identity in Armenia|date=2001|publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]]|isbn=9781461672722}}

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[[Category:Single oboes with cylindrical bore]]
[[Category:Armenian inventions]]
[[Category:Armenian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Musical instruments of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]]