View source for Duitama

{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Duitama
| other_name         = 
| nickname           = ''Perla de Boyacá''<br>("Pearl of Boyacá"){{force singular}}
| settlement_type    = [[Municipalities of Colombia|Municipality]] and city
| motto              = 
| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage
| photo1a                 = Pueblito boyacence Duitama 04.JPG
| photo2a                 = Santa Ana Duitama.JPG
| photo3a                 = Ruta Nacional 55-1.jpg
| photo3b                 = Vista Duitama.jpg
| photo4a                 = Uan Duitama.jpg
| photo5a = Cultivo de cebolla 2.jpg
| spacing                 = 1
| position                = center
| color_border            = white
| color                   = white
| size = 270
| footmontage =
}}
| image_caption      = '''Top''': Pueblito Boyacense, '''Second''': Duitama rural area, '''Third''': Briceño-Tunja-Sogamoso Highway, '''Fourth''': Skyline Duitama, '''Fifth''': Antonio Nariño University - Duitama Campus, '''Bottom''': Onion cultivation in the south of Duitama
| image_flag         = Flag of Duitama.svg
| image_shield       = Escudo de Duitama.svg
| image_map          = Colombia - Boyaca - Duitama.svg
| mapsize           = 250px
| map_caption        = Location of the town and municipality of Duitama in Boyacá Department
| subdivision_type   = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Colombia}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Departments of Colombia|Department]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Boyacá Department|Boyacá]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Provinces of Boyacá|Province]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Tundama Province]]
| government_type    = [[Municipalities of Colombia|Municipality]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Jose Luis Bohórquez López<ref>{{cite web | title=Nuevo rostro de la alcaldía de Duitama 2024- 2027 | date=30 October 2023 | url=https://boyacavisible.com/jose-luis-bohorquez-lopez-el-nuevo-rostro-de-la-alcaldia-de-duitama-2024-2027/ }}</ref><br><small>(2024–2027)</small>
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = [[Muisca Confederation|Pre-Conquest]]
| established_title2 = Erected
| established_date2  = July 27, 1819
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 266.93
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_urban_km2     = 12.7
| area_metro_km2     = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|5|50|N|73|01|W|display=inline}}
| population_as_of   = 2023 est.
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total   = 131591
| population_urban   = 114192
| population_metro   = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Duitamense
| elevation_m        = 2590
| postal_code_type   = Postal code
| postal_code        = 150461-69
| area_code          = +7
| website            = [http://www.duitama-boyaca.gov.co/index.shtml Official website]
| footnotes          = 
}}
{{Muisca sidebar}}
'''Duitama''' ({{IPA|es|dwiˈtama}}) is a city and municipality in the department of [[Boyacá Department|Boyacá]]. It's the capital of the [[Tundama Province]]. Duitama is located {{convert|195|km|mi}} northeast of [[Bogotá]], the capital of [[Colombia]] and {{convert|50|km|mi}} northeast of [[Tunja]], the capital of Boyacá.<ref name=websiteDuitama>{{in lang|es}} [https://archive.today/20140310085158/http://www.duitama-boyaca.gov.co/informacion_general.shtml Official website Duitama]</ref> In 2023 Duitama had an estimated population of 131,591.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telefónicas |first=Telencuestas-Encuestas |title=Cuántos habitantes tiene Duitama, Boyacá en 2023 |url=https://telencuestas.com/censos-de-poblacion/colombia/2023/boyaca/duitama |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=Telencuestas |language=es}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
Duitama has existed since pre-Columbian times, when the [[Muisca people|Muisca]] inhabited the hills surrounding a former lake in the valley. The original name of Duitama was "Tundama", named after ''[[cacique]]'' [[Tundama]].

The name of Duitama means "to me the tribute" in muyskkubun (Muisca language).<ref>http://www.duitama-boyaca.gov.co/?idcategoria=1987 Nombre de Duitama</ref> In its beginnings, Duitama corresponded to a Muisca village ruled by the cacique Tundama, a word that changed for Duitama, absolute and powerful lord that he had as bosses tributaries to the [[Onzaga]], [[Soatá]], Chitagoto, Susacón or Cabita, Icabuco, Lupachoque, [[Sativanorte|Sátiva]], [[Tutazá]] and Cerinza caciques. The natives lived in bohíos, looking for the heights of the plain of the Indians, Tigua, today hills of La Milagrosa, Cargua, La Tolosa, San José (La Alacranera) and Tocogua.

Duitama is known as "The Pearl of Boyacá".

== Geography ==
Duitama, situated on the [[Altiplano Cundiboyacense]] is bounded to the north by the department of [[Santander Department|Santander]]; [[Charalá]] and [[Encino, Santander|Encino]], to the south by the Boyacá municipalities of [[Tibasosa]] and [[Paipa]], to the east with the municipalities of [[Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Boyacá|Santa Rosa de Viterbo]] and [[Floresta, Boyacá|Floresta]].

== Climate ==
The elevation of the city is about {{convert|2590|m|ft}} above sea level and the average temperature is 15&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clima Duitama, Temperatura. Mejor época para viajar, Tiempo. |url=https://www.cuandovisitar.co/colombia/duitama-1127929/ |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=www.cuandovisitar.co |language=es}}</ref>

Duitama's climate is [[Subtropical highland|subtropical oceanic highland]] being cool and overcast over the course of the year. The temperature typically varies from 7&nbsp;°C (45&nbsp;°F) to 19&nbsp;°C (67&nbsp;°F) and is rarely below 4&nbsp;°C (39&nbsp;°F) or above 21&nbsp;°C (70&nbsp;°F).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Duitama Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Colombia) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/24351/Average-Weather-in-Duitama-Colombia-Year-Round |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> Sometimes Duitama has reached sub-zero temperatures such as -2,7&nbsp;°C (27&nbsp;°F).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tiempo |first=Casa Editorial El |date=2020-02-06 |title=¡Hasta -6,8 °C! El 'top 10' de los municipios más fríos de Colombia |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/los-municipios-colombianos-mas-frios-por-temporada-de-heladas-459564 |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=El Tiempo |language=spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-07 |title=Hielo en los campos de Boyacá por históricas heladas |url=https://www.rcnradio.com/colombia/region-central/hielo-en-los-campos-de-boyaca-por-historicas-heladas |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=RCN Radio |language=es}}</ref>

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location =  Duitama (Surbata Bonza), elevation {{convert|2485|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1981–2010)
|Jan high C = 	22.5
|Feb high C = 	22.7
|Mar high C = 	22.6
|Apr high C = 	21.8
|May high C = 	21.3
|Jun high C = 	20.8
|Jul high C = 	20.4
|Aug high C = 	20.5
|Sep high C = 	20.9
|Oct high C = 	21.2
|Nov high C = 	21.5
|Dec high C = 	22.0
| year high C = 	21.5
|Jan mean C = 	14.3
|Feb mean C = 	14.6
|Mar mean C = 	14.9
|Apr mean C = 	14.9
|May mean C = 	14.6
|Jun mean C = 	14.0
|Jul mean C = 	13.7
|Aug mean C = 	13.7
|Sep mean C = 	13.8
|Oct mean C = 	14.0
|Nov mean C = 	14.3
|Dec mean C = 	14.1
| year mean C = 	14.2
|Jan low C = 	5.0
|Feb low C = 	5.5
|Mar low C = 	6.6
|Apr low C = 	8.2
|May low C = 	7.9
|Jun low C = 	6.8
|Jul low C = 	6.0
|Aug low C = 	6.1
|Sep low C = 	5.9
|Oct low C = 	7.1
|Nov low C = 	7.5
|Dec low C = 	6.3
| year low C = 	6.6
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 	22.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 	42.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 	75.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 	123.6
|May precipitation mm = 	118.7
|Jun precipitation mm = 	67.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 	50.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 	50.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 	76.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 	112.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 	88.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 	41.7
|year precipitation mm = 	869.6
 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 	7
| Feb precipitation days = 	9
| Mar precipitation days = 	13
| Apr precipitation days = 	17
| May precipitation days = 	18
| Jun precipitation days = 	15
| Jul precipitation days = 	16
| Aug precipitation days = 	16
| Sep precipitation days = 	15
| Oct precipitation days = 	19
| Nov precipitation days = 	16
| Dec precipitation days =	11
| year precipitation days =	171
| Jan humidity = 	74
| Feb humidity = 	74
| Mar humidity = 	76
| Apr humidity = 	78
| May humidity = 	80
| Jun humidity = 	79
| Jul humidity = 	78
| Aug humidity = 	79
| Sep humidity = 	78
| Oct humidity = 	81
| Nov humidity = 	79
| Dec humidity = 	76
| year humidity =	78
|Jan sun = 	210.8
|Feb sun = 	163.7
|Mar sun = 	158.1
|Apr sun = 	129.0
|May sun = 	130.2
|Jun sun = 	135.0
|Jul sun = 	151.9
|Aug sun = 	145.7
|Sep sun = 	129.0
|Oct sun = 	130.2
|Nov sun = 	156.0
|Dec sun = 	195.3
|year sun = 
|Jand sun = 	6.8
|Febd sun = 	5.8
|Mard sun = 	5.1
|Aprd sun = 	4.3
|Mayd sun = 	4.2
|Jund sun = 	4.5
|Juld sun = 	4.9
|Augd sun = 	4.7
|Sepd sun = 	4.3
|Octd sun = 	4.2
|Novd sun = 	5.2
|Decd sun = 	6.3
|yeard sun =
|source 1 = [[Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (Colombia)|Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales]]<ref name=IDEAM1>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios+Climatol%C3%B3gicos++1981+-+2010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815025712/http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios%2BClimatol%C3%B3gicos%2B%2B1981%2B-%2B2010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128 
|archive-date=15 August 2016 
|title=Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010 
|publisher=Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales 
|language=es 
|access-date=3 June 2024
|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location =  Duitama (Sierra La), elevation {{convert|2700|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1981–2010)
|Jan high C = 	17.3
|Feb high C = 	17.6
|Mar high C = 	17.5
|Apr high C = 	17.3
|May high C = 	17.2
|Jun high C = 	17.4
|Jul high C = 	17.1
|Aug high C = 	17.4
|Sep high C = 	17.2
|Oct high C = 	16.8
|Nov high C = 	16.6
|Dec high C = 	16.7
| year high C = 	17.2
|Jan mean C = 	11.9
|Feb mean C = 	12.0
|Mar mean C = 	12.1
|Apr mean C = 	12.3
|May mean C = 	12.4
|Jun mean C = 	12.3
|Jul mean C = 	12.2
|Aug mean C = 	12.3
|Sep mean C = 	12.1
|Oct mean C = 	11.9
|Nov mean C = 	11.9
|Dec mean C = 	11.9
| year mean C = 	12.1
|Jan low C = 	7.4
|Feb low C = 	7.8
|Mar low C = 	7.9
|Apr low C = 	8.5
|May low C = 	8.5
|Jun low C = 	8.3
|Jul low C = 	7.9
|Aug low C = 	8.0
|Sep low C = 	8.0
|Oct low C = 	8.1
|Nov low C = 	8.1
|Dec low C = 	7.7
| year low C = 	8.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 	119.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 	138.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 	208.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 	249.9
|May precipitation mm = 	210.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 	91.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 	75.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 	88.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 	137.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 	251.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 	216.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 	128.3
|year precipitation mm = 	1907.5
 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 	17
| Feb precipitation days = 	17
| Mar precipitation days = 	22
| Apr precipitation days = 	24
| May precipitation days = 	23
| Jun precipitation days = 	16
| Jul precipitation days = 	17
| Aug precipitation days = 	16
| Sep precipitation days = 	18
| Oct precipitation days = 	24
| Nov precipitation days = 	24
| Dec precipitation days =	20
| year precipitation days =	238
| Jan humidity = 	84
| Feb humidity = 	85
| Mar humidity = 	86
| Apr humidity = 	88
| May humidity = 	87
| Jun humidity = 	84
| Jul humidity = 	82
| Aug humidity = 	82
| Sep humidity = 	83
| Oct humidity = 	87
| Nov humidity = 	88
| Dec humidity = 	87
| year humidity =	85
|Jan sun = 	151.9
|Feb sun = 	124.2
|Mar sun = 	105.4
|Apr sun = 	75.0
|May sun = 	83.7
|Jun sun = 	102.0
|Jul sun = 	117.8
|Aug sun = 	120.9
|Sep sun = 	108.0
|Oct sun = 	89.9
|Nov sun = 	93.0
|Dec sun = 	124.0
|year sun = 
|Jand sun = 	4.9
|Febd sun = 	4.4
|Mard sun = 	3.4
|Aprd sun = 	2.5
|Mayd sun = 	2.7
|Jund sun = 	3.4
|Juld sun = 	3.8
|Augd sun = 	3.9
|Sepd sun = 	3.6
|Octd sun = 	2.9
|Novd sun = 	3.1
|Decd sun = 	4.0
|yeard sun =
|source 1 = [[Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (Colombia)|Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales]]<ref name=IDEAM1>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios+Climatol%C3%B3gicos++1981+-+2010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815025712/http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios%2BClimatol%C3%B3gicos%2B%2B1981%2B-%2B2010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128 
|archive-date=15 August 2016 
|title=Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010 
|publisher=Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales 
|language=es 
|access-date=3 June 2024
|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

== History ==
{{main|Tundama}}
Duitama in the times before the Spanish conquest was called '''Tundama'''.

=== Conquest of Duitama ===
{{main|Spanish conquest of the Muisca}}
Before the [[Spanish conquest of the Muisca|Spanish conquest]], the Muisca were organized in a loose  [[Muisca Confederation]].<ref>[http://www.filosofia.org/filomat/df553.htm Muisca Confederation]</ref> The confederation was composed of four main political and [[Muisca religion|religious]] leaders, from south to north; the ''[[zipa]]'' based in [[Bogotá|Bacatá]], the ''[[zaque]]'' of [[Tunja|Hunza]], the ''[[iraca]]'' of [[Sogamoso|Sugamuxi]] and the ''[[Tundama]]'' of Duitama, then called Tundama. Additionally, more independent ''caciques'' governed other villages.

The ''Tundama'' ruled over the villages of [[Onzaga]], [[Soatá]], [[Paz de Río|Chitagoto]], [[Susacón]], Icabuco, Lupachoque, [[Sativasur|Sátiva]], [[Tutazá]] and [[Cerinza]].<ref name=websiteDuitama/> The ''Tundama'' lived on the hill currently called ''La Tolosa''.

In 1536, Spanish [[conquistador]] [[Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada]] set foot from the [[Caribbean]] coastal city of [[Santa Marta]] towards the inner highlands of then unexplored Colombia with an army of 800 men. After conquering the southern areas of the Muisca, accessed from the shores of the [[Magdalena River]] he and a reduced number of troops marched towards the northern Muisca territories. He first submitted Hunza, the seat of the ''zaque'' and in September 1537 he arrived in [[Sogamoso|Sugamuxi]], sacred City of the Sun where his soldiers burned the [[Sun Temple (Sogamoso)|Sun Temple]].<ref name=PueblosTundama>{{in lang|es}} [http://pueblosoriginarios.com/biografias/tundama.html Biography Cacique Tundama] - Pueblos Originarios</ref><ref name=PueblosIraca>{{in lang|es}} [http://pueblosoriginarios.com/biografias/iraca.html Iraca rulers] - Pueblos Originarios</ref>

The ''cacique'' Tundama heard about the invading foreigners and tried to win time while hiding his treasures from the Spanish. One of his men proposed to surrender to the soldiers armed with superior weapons, and Tundama cut off his ears and left hand.

At the end of 1539, another Spanish conquistador who proved himself in the [[Kingdom of Quito]] and [[Peru]], [[Baltasar Maldonado]], entered the Tundama territories and after several battles Tundama surrendered to the Spanish rule. Tundama was killed by a hammer of Maldonado in late December 1539.<ref name=PueblosTundama/>

{{clear}}

==== Tundama in Muisca history ====
{{History of the Muisca}}

=== Colonial period ===
During the colonial period of the newly established state [[New Kingdom of Granada]], Duitama was converted to [[catholicism]] by [[friar]]s of Santo Domingo, arriving in 1556. They held their positions until 1775.<ref name=websiteDuitama/>

Modern Duitama was not founded until 1819, before [[Simón Bolívar]] liberated the later state of [[Gran Colombia]] from the Spanish rule.<ref name=websiteDuitama/>

=== Modern age ===
Duitama was an agricultural community that grew after the installation of the train station in 1923 and the connection with the Colombian capital via highway. From 1950 onwards the city hosted more industry.<ref name=websiteDuitama/>

== International events ==
In 1995, Duitama was the second city in Latin America to host the [[UCI Road World Championships]]. The first city to host that event was [[San Cristóbal, Táchira|San Cristóbal]], [[Venezuela]] in 1977.

== Tourism ==
In Duitama the touristic village ''[[Pueblito Boyacense]]'' is a popular destination. The village is composed of colonial houses.

== Born in Duitama ==
* [[Camila Pinzón]], model and Miss World Colombia 2022
* [[Alberto Camargo (cyclist)|Alberto Camargo]], former professional cyclist
* [[Édgar Fonseca]], professional cyclist
* [[Daniel Rincón (cyclist)|Daniel Rincón]], former professional cyclist
* [[Oliverio Rincón]], former professional cyclist
* [[Francisco Rodríguez Maldonado]], former professional cyclist
* [[Grace de Gier]], singer and songwriter

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Duitama (2007).jpg|Duitama's Downtown
File:STA60015.JPG|Simón Bolívar (Plaza Libertadores)
File:STA60161.JPG|Julio César Rincón Ramirez bull fighting arena
File:MONUMENTO AL TORERO CESAR RINCON.jpg|Monument to bull fighter [[César Rincón]]
File:Iglesia La Trinidad, Duitama.jpg|Church La Trinidad
File:La Trinidad.JPG|La Trinidad
</gallery>
<gallery>
File:Iglesia Duitama boy col.jpg|Cathedral of Duitama
File:Interior de la Catedral San Lorenzo de Duitama - Boyacá..jpg|Cathedral interior
File:Pueblito boyacense2.JPG|''Pueblito Boyacense''
File:Pueblito boyacence Duitama 05.JPG|''Pueblito Boyacense''
File:Pueblito boyacence Duitama 01.JPG|''Pueblito Boyacense''
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Duitama}}
* {{in lang|es}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtAsqL6KrSA Animated video about Tundama, showing the former lake]

{{Municipalities boyaca department}}
{{Muisca topics|state=collapsed}}

{{Coord|5|50|N|73|01|W|region:CO_type:city|display=title}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Duitama| ]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1819]]
[[Category:1819 establishments in the Spanish Empire]]
[[Category:Populated places of the Muisca Confederation]]