View source for Duke of Rutland

{{short description|Title in the Peerage of England}}
{{redirect|Baron Roos|the Barons Roos of Helmsley|Baron de Ros}}
{{redirect|Marquis of Granby|the London pub|The Marquis of Granby}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox nobility title
| name              = Dukedom of Rutland 
| image             = [[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|150px]]<br />[[File:Duke of Rutland CoA.svg|180px|Blazon: Or, two bars Azure, a chief quarterly, 1st and 4th Azure, two Fleurs-de-Lys Or, 2nd and 3rd Gules, a lion passant guardant Or.]] 
| image_size        =  
| alt               =  
| caption           = Arms of Manners: ''Or, two bars azure a chief quarterly azure and gules; in the 1st and 4th quarters two fleurs-de-lis and in the 2nd and 3rd a [[Lions in heraldry|lion passant guardant]] or''
| creation_date     = 29 March 1703 
| creation          =  
| monarch           = [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Anne]] 
| peerage           = [[Peerage of England]] 
| baronetage        =  
| first_holder      = [[John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland|John Manners]] 
| last_holder       =  
| present_holder    = [[David Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland|David Manners, 11th Duke]] 
| heir_apparent     = Charles Manners, Marquess of Granby 
| heir_presumptive  =  
| remainder_to      =  
| subsidiary_titles = Marquess of Granby<br/>Earl of Rutland<br/>Lord Manners of Haddon<br>Baron Manners<br/>Baron Roos 
| status            =  
| extinction_date   =  
| family_seat       = [[Belvoir Castle]]<br/> [[Haddon Hall]] 
| former_seat       =  
| motto             = ''Pour y parvenir'' ("So as to accomplish") 
| footnotes         =  
}}

'''Duke of Rutland''' is a title in the [[Peerage of England]], named after [[Rutland]], a county in the [[East Midlands]] of England. Earldoms named after Rutland have been created three times; the ninth earl of the third creation was made duke in 1703, in whose family's line the title continues.  The heir apparent to the dukedom has the privilege of using the courtesy title of '''Marquess of Granby'''.<ref name="burke">{{cite book |title= Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood|publisher=Burke's Peerage & Gentry |editor= Mosley, Charles |edition=107 |year= 2003 |pages=3446–3451 |ref=Burke |isbn=0-9711966-2-1}}</ref>

==Earldom of Rutland==

===First creation===
The title '''Earl of Rutland''' was created on 25 February 1390 for [[Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York|Edward of Norwich]] (1373–1415), son of [[Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York]], and grandson of [[Edward III of England|King Edward III]]. Upon the Duke's death in 1402 Edward became [[Duke of York]]. The title became extinct upon Edward of Norwich's death at the [[Battle of Agincourt]] in 1415. <ref name="burke"/>

===Second creation===
The title '''Earl of Rutland''' was created for a second time on 29 January 1446 for [[Edmund, Earl of Rutland|Edmund]] (1443–1460), second son of [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York]] (and younger brother of the future [[Edward IV of England|King Edward IV]]).<ref name="burke"/>

===Third creation===
[[Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland|Thomas Manners]] (c. 1488–1543), son of the [[George Manners, 11th Baron de Ros|11th Baron de Ros]], was created '''Earl of Rutland''' in the Peerage of England in 1525. He was the great-grandson of [[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York|Richard Plantagenet]]. The barony of '[[Baron de Ros|de Ros]]' (sometimes spelt Ros, Roos or de Roos) was created by [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]] with a [[Hereditary peer#Writs of summons|writ of summons]] to the House of Lords for [[Robert de Ros (died 1285)|Robert de Ros]] (1223–1285) in 1264.  The title may pass through the female line when there is no male heir, and accordingly, when the 3rd Earl, Edward Manners (c. 1548–1587), left no sons, the barony of Ros passed to the family of his daughter [[Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros|Elizabeth]] (died 1591) who became the wife of the [[William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Exeter|2nd Earl of Exeter]]. The 3rd Earl was succeeded as the 4th Earl by his brother John (died 1588). The barony of Ros was restored to the Manners family when Francis Manners, the 6th Earl (1578–1632), inherited it in 1618 from his cousin [[William Cecil, 17th Baron de Ros|William Cecil]] (1590–1618). However, Francis died without male issue and the assumption of the courtesy title of Lord Ros for the eldest son of subsequent earls appears to have had no legal basis.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} On the death of the seventh Earl in 1641 the Earldom passed to his distant cousin [[John Manners, 8th Earl of Rutland|John Manners]] of [[Haddon Hall]], grandson of the second son of the first Earl.

==Dukedom of Rutland==
[[File:Belvoir Castle 13 2012-07-06 cropped.jpg|thumb|262px|The [[Henry Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland|8th Duke of Rutland]]'s banner as [[Knight of the Garter]], now on display at [[Belvoir Castle]]]]
In 1703, the [[John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland|ninth Earl]] of Rutland was created '''Duke of Rutland''' and '''Marquess of Granby''' by [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]].

===Marquess of Granby===
The most notable Marquess of Granby was [[John Manners, Marquess of Granby|John Manners]] (1721–1770), eldest son of the third Duke. He was an accomplished soldier and highly popular figure of his time; in 1745 he became a colonel; his military career flourished during the [[Seven Years' War]].

At the [[Battle of Minden]] (1 August 1759), although his role was small, he commanded the reserve cavalry. In 1760, at the [[Battle of Warburg]], he led a cavalry charge which routed the French, losing his hat and wig in the process. In recognition of this, soldiers of the [[Blues and Royals]] (his former regiment) have the unique privilege in the British Army of being permitted to salute while not wearing headgear.  Granby's losing his helmet and wig in the charge gave rise to the expression 'going bald-headed' at something.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/letters/10234386/A-toast-to-John-Manners-the-hatless-Marquis.html|title=A toast to John Manners, the hatless Marquis|date=10 August 2013|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref>

In 1758, the King made him Colonel of the [[Royal Horse Guards]] and in 1766, as Lieutenant-General, he became Commander-in-Chief (a basically political appointment). His title was honoured by being used by a large number of [[pub]]s throughout Britain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/11th-november-1899/18/the-marquis-of-granby-mr-mannerss-life-of-the-marq|title=THE MARQUIS OF GRANBY.* MR. MANNERS'S Life of the Marquis|work=The Spectator Archive}}</ref> As Colonel, he provided for his most capable soldiers such that when they could no longer be of service to the Regiment, he would give them financial support to start a pub, the sole condition being that the pub was to be named "The Marquis of Granby" after him.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Early|first1=Chas|title=The Red Lion, the Crown and the Marquis of Granby: What are the stories behind Britain's most popular pub names?|url=http://home.bt.com/lifestyle/travel/what-are-the-stories-behind-britains-most-popular-pub-names-11364108713430|access-date=2 January 2017|work=BT.com|date=1 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Barry|title=Dictionary of World Biography: Third edition|date=2016|publisher=ANU Press|isbn=9781760460105|page=347|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KhEhDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA347|access-date=2 January 2017|language=en}}</ref> The towns of [[Granby, Quebec]] in Canada and [[Granby, Massachusetts]] and [[Granby, Connecticut]] in the United States as well as [[Granby Street]] in [[Norfolk, Virginia]], USA were also named after him. So too were two forts, [[Fort Granby]], in Tobago, and [[Granby, South Carolina#American Revolution|Fort Granby]] in South Carolina.

He died before his father, and therefore did not become Duke.

===Subsidiary titles===
The subsidiary titles of the dukedom are: '''Marquess of Granby''' (created 1703), '''Earl of Rutland''' (1525), '''Baron Manners''', of Haddon in the County of Derby (1679), and '''Baron Roos of Belvoir''', of Belvoir in the County of Leicester (1896). The title ''Baron Roos of Belvoir'' is in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]]; the remaining titles being in the Peerage of England. The most senior subsidiary title, ''Marquess of Granby'', is the [[courtesy title]] used by the Duke's eldest son and heir.

===Family seat===
[[File:Haddon Hall.jpg|thumb|262px|[[Haddon Hall]], [[Nether Haddon]], Derbyshire]]
[[File:Belvoirmorris edited.jpg|thumb|262px|[[Belvoir Castle]] in the late 19th century]]
The Manners family own medieval [[Haddon Hall]], Derbyshire and [[Belvoir Castle]], Leicestershire that were successively extended and rebuilt until the 19th century.  Some rooms in both buildings are open to the public.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1334982|desc=Haddon Hall|grade=I|access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref>  They are Grade I in architecture, set in listed parks, woodland and gardens and span a central water feature, which acted as models for other [[English country house|landscaped estate]]s.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1360870|desc=Belvoir Castle|grade=I|access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref>

In 2009, to mark 500 years of the occupancy of Belvoir Castle by the family, two aircraft from RAF Cranwell, Lincolnshire, bore the Duke's coat of arms. On 11 June 2009, the Duke visited the station to see the aircraft: a [[Beechcraft King Air|King Air]] from 45 (Reserve) Sqn and a [[British Aerospace 125|Dominie]] from 55 (Reserve) Sdn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.belvoircastle.com/500anniversary.asp |title=Belvoir Castle |access-date=21 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826010408/http://www.belvoircastle.com/500anniversary.asp |archive-date=26 August 2010  }} accessed 21 July 2010</ref>

===Burials===
The traditional burial place of the Manners family was [[St Mary the Virgin's Church, Bottesford]] in Leicestershire. Since elevation to the dukedom in 1703 most Dukes have been buried in the grounds of the mausoleum at Belvoir Castle. The mausoleum at Belvoir Castle was built by John Henry Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland, following the death of his wife, Elizabeth Howard (1780–1825), daughter of the 5th Earl of Carlisle. After its construction, most of the 18th-century monuments in Belton Church were moved to the mausoleum which then became the family's main place of burial.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmtrust.org.uk/mausolea/view/108/Manners_Mausoleum|title=Manners Mausoleum|work=mmtrust.org.uk}}</ref>

===Literature===
[[Jorge Luis Borges]] recalls the duke of Rutland in his story "A Survey of the Works of Herbet Quain" in the book ''[[The Garden of Forking Paths]]''.

==Earls of Rutland, first creation (1390)==
:''Other titles (1st Duke): Duke of York (1385), Duke of Aumale (1397–1399), Earl of Cambridge (1362–1461), Earl of Cork (c. 1396)''
*[[Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York]] (1373–1415), grandson of [[Edward III of England|Edward III]]

==Earls of Rutland, second creation (1446)==
*[[Edmund, Earl of Rutland]] (1443–1460), second son of [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York]]

==Earls of Rutland, third creation (1525)==
:''Other titles (1st–3rd & 6th Earls): [[Baron de Ros]] of Helmsley (1299)''
*[[Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland]] (c. 1492–1543), son of [[George Manners, 11th Baron de Ros]]
*[[Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland]] (c. 1526–1563), eldest son of the 1st Earl
*[[Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland]] (1549–1587), elder son of the 2nd Earl, died without male issue
*[[John Manners, 4th Earl of Rutland]] (c. 1552–1588), younger son of the 2nd Earl
*[[Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland]] (1576–1612), eldest son of the 4th Earl, died without issue
*[[Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland]], Lord Ros (1578–1632), second son of the 4th Earl, died without male issue
*[[George Manners, 7th Earl of Rutland]] (1580–1641), third son of the 4th Earl, died without issue
*[[John Manners, 8th Earl of Rutland]] (1604–1679), great-grandson of the 1st Earl
*[[John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland|John Manners, 9th Earl of Rutland]] (1638–1711), son of the 8th Earl, created Duke of Rutland in 1703

==Dukes of Rutland (1703)==
[[File:Duke of Rutland coa.png|thumb|262px|Coat of Arms of the Dukes of Rutland (1790)]]
[[File:10th Duke of Rutland Allan Warren.jpg|thumb|262px|Photo portrait of Charles Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland, taken at Belvoir Castle in 1981]]
:''Other titles: Marquis of Granby (1703), Earl of Rutland (1525), Baron Manners of Haddon (1679) and Baron Roos of Belvoir (1896)''
*[[John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland]] (1638–1711), only son of the 8th Earl
*[[John Manners, 2nd Duke of Rutland]] (1676–1721), son of the 1st Duke
*[[John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland]] (1696–1779), eldest son of the 2nd Duke
**[[John Manners, Marquess of Granby]] (1721–1770), eldest son of the 3rd Duke, predeceased his father
**John Manners, Lord Roos (1751–1760), eldest son of Lord Granby, died young
*[[Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland]] (1754–1787), second son of Lord Granby
*[[John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland|John Henry Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland]] (1778–1857), eldest son of the 4th Duke
**George John Henry Manners, Marquis of Granby (1807), eldest son of the 5th Duke, died in infancy
**George John Frederick Manners, Marquis of Granby (1813–1814), second son of the 5th Duke, died in infancy
*[[Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland|Charles Cecil John Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland]] (1815–1888), third son of the 5th Duke, died unmarried
*[[John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland|John James Robert Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland]] (1818–1906), fourth son of the 5th Duke
*[[Henry Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland|Henry John Brinsley Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland]] (1852–1925), eldest son of the 7th Duke
**Robert Charles John Manners, Lord Haddon (1885–1894), elder son of the 8th Duke, died young
*[[John Manners, 9th Duke of Rutland|John Henry Montagu Manners, 9th Duke of Rutland]] (1886–1940), younger son of the 8th Duke
*[[Charles Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland|Charles John Robert Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland]] (1919–1999), eldest son of the 9th Duke
*[[David Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland|David Charles Robert Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland]] (born 1959), eldest son of the 10th Duke

The [[heir apparent]] is Charles John Montague Manners, Marquess of Granby (born 1999), elder son of the 11th Duke.

{{Collapse top|title={{small|Line of succession (simplified)}}<ref name=DP>{{cite book |year=2019|chapter=Rutland, Duke of |editor1-last=Morris |editor1-first=Susan |editor2-last=Bosberry-Scott |editor2-first=Wendy |editor3-last=Belfield |editor3-first=Gervase |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage|volume=1 |edition=150th |location=London |publisher=Debrett's Ltd. |publication-date=|pages=3065–3069 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn=978-1-999767-0-5-1}}</ref>}}
{{tree list}}
*[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland]] (1696–1779)''
**''[[John Manners, Marquess of Granby]] (1721–1770)''
***''John Manners, Lord Roos (1751–1760)''
***[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland]] (1754–1787)''
****[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland]] (1778–1857)''
*****''George Manners, Marquess of Granby (1807)''
*****''George Manners, Marquess of Granby (1813–1814)''
*****[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland]] (1815–1888)''
*****[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland]] (1818–1906)''
******[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[Henry Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland]] (1852–1925)''
*******''Robert Manners, Lord Haddon (1885–1894)''
*******[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[John Manners, 9th Duke of Rutland]] (1886–1940)''
********[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[Charles Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland]] (1919–1999)''
*********[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] '''[[David Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland]]''' (b. 1959)
**********'''(1)''' Charles Manners, Marquess of Granby (b. 1999)
**********'''(2)''' Lord Hugo Manners (b. 2003)
*********'''(3)''' Lord Edward Manners (b. 1965)
**********'''(4)''' Alfred Manners (b. 2013)
**********'''(5)''' Vesey Manners (b. 2013)
********''Lord John Manners (1922–2001)''
*********male issue in remainder
**''[[Lord George Manners-Sutton]] (1723–1783)''
***''John Manners-Sutton (1752–1826)''
****''The Revd Frederick Manners Sutton (1784–1826)''
*****''The Revd William Manners-Sutton (1824–1899)''
******''Frederick Manners-Sutton (1865–1946)''
*******''John Manners-Sutton (1914–2003)''
********male issue in remainder
*** [[Image:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|15px|baseline]] ''[[Thomas Manners-Sutton, 1st Baron Manners]] (1756–1842)''
**** [[Image:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|15px|baseline]] [[Baron Manners|Barons Manners]]
{{tree list/end}}
{{collapse bottom}}

==Coat of arms==

The original coat of arms of the Manners family had a [[chief (heraldry)|chief]] of plain ''[[gules]]''. The quartered chief, with the [[fleurs-de-lis]] of France and lion passant guardant of England, was granted as an [[Augmentation of honour|augmentation]] by [[King Henry VIII]] to Thomas Manners at the time of his creation as Earl of Rutland, in recognition of his descent in the maternal line from [[Edward III of England|King Edward III]].<ref name="England, Scotland p. 656">''The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, Comprising a Registry of Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time'' by Sir Bernard Burke, 1884 edition, p. 656.</ref>

{{Infobox COA wide
|image = Coat of arms of the duke of Rutland.png
|crest = On a Chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a Peacock in its pride proper
|coronet = A [[Coronet|Coronet of a Duke]]
|escutcheon = Or two Bars Azure a Chief quarterly of the last and Gules, in the first and fourth, two Fleur-de-lis, and in the second and third, a Lion passant guardant, all Or
|supporters = On either side a Unicorn Argent armed, maned, tufted and unguled Or
|motto = ''Pour Y Parvenir'' ("So as to accomplish it")
}}

==Family tree==
{{Rutland family tree}}

==See also==
*[[Duchess of Rutland]]
*[[Viscount Canterbury]]
*[[Belvoir Castle]]
*[[Baron Manners]]
*[[Baron de Ros]]
*[[Public houses and inns in Grantham#.22Blue.22 pubs|Manners family pubs]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== Work cited ===
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Rutland, Earls and Dukes of|volume=23|page=943}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100715182958/http://www.belvoircastle.com/index.asp Belvoir Castle website]

{{Extant British dukedoms}}
{{British dukedoms}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rutland}}
[[Category:Borough of Melton]]
[[Category:British landowners]]
[[Category:Dukedoms in the Peerage of England]]
[[Category:1525 establishments in England]]
[[Category:1703 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1703]]
[[Category:Dukes of Rutland| ]]