View source for Dutch Schultz

{{Short description|American mobster (1901–1935)}}
{{distinguish|text=a former professional wrestler who used the ring names [[Dutch Savage]] and Dutch Schultz}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2021}}

{{Infobox criminal
| name   = Dutch Schultz
| image_name     = Schultz_dutch_mug.jpg<!-- Dutch_Schultz.jpg -->
| image_size     = 
| image_caption  = Schultz's 1931 mugshot
| birth_name = Arthur Simon Flegenheimer
| birth_date  = August 6, 1901
| birth_place = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.
| death_date  = {{Death date and age|1935|10|24|1901|8|6}}
| death_place = [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], [[New Jersey]], U.S.
| death_cause = [[Peritonitis]] from a gunshot wound
| resting_place = [[Gate of Heaven Cemetery (Hawthorne, New York)|Gate of Heaven Cemetery]], [[Hawthorne, New York]], U.S.
| body_discovered = 
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| residence = 
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| occupation = 
| years_active = 1918–1935
| employer = 
| organization = Noe-Schultz Gang
| agent = 
| known_for = [[Murder]], [[Rum-running|bootlegging]], [[numbers game]], [[extortion]]
| notable_works = 
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| salary = 
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| opponents = {{ubl|The Rock Brothers, Bronx |[[Legs Diamond]] | [[Lucky Luciano]] | [[United States Attorney|U.S. Attorney]] [[Thomas Dewey]]}}
| boards = 
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| spouse =         <!-- Do not include unless notable or relevant to the crime involved -->
| children =       <!-- (as above) -->
| parents =        <!-- (as above) -->
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| allegiance =    New York City's [[Five Families]]
}}
'''Arthur Simon Flegenheimer''' (August 6, 1901{{spaced ndash}}October 24, 1935), known as '''Dutch Schultz''', was an American [[mobster]] based in [[New York City]] in the 1920s and 1930s. He made his fortune in [[organized crime]]-related activities, including [[rum-running|bootlegging]] and the [[numbers racket]]. Schultz's rackets were weakened by two [[Tax evasion in the United States|tax evasion]] trials led by [[United States Attorney]] [[Thomas E. Dewey|Thomas Dewey]], and also threatened by fellow mobster [[Lucky Luciano]].<ref name="five families book"/>

Schultz asked [[The Commission (American Mafia)|the Commission]], the governing body of the American Mafia, for permission to kill Dewey, in an attempt to avert his conviction. They refused. When Schultz disobeyed them and made an attempt to kill Dewey, the Commission ordered his murder in 1935.<ref name="five families book">{{cite book 
  | title = The Five Families
  | date = May 13, 2014
| publisher = MacMillan
  | isbn = 9781429907989
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5nAt6N8iQnYC
  | access-date = June 22, 2008 }}</ref> Schultz was shot at a restaurant in [[Newark, New Jersey]], and died the next day.

==Early life==
Arthur Simon Flegenheimer was born in the [[The Bronx|Bronx]] borough of [[New York City]] on August 6, 1901. He was the second child of [[German Jewish]] immigrants Herman and Emma Flegenheimer ([[given name|née]] Neu), who had married in [[Manhattan]] on November 10, 1900.<ref>Manhattan Marriage Book, #18593</ref> He had a younger sister, Helen, born in 1904. Flegenheimer's father apparently abandoned his family, and his mother is listed as divorced in the [[1910 United States census]].<ref>U.S. Census 1910, Borough of the Bronx, Supervisors District 1, Enumerator's district 1597, sheet 2</ref> In her 1932 petition for U.S. citizenship, however, she wrote that her husband had died in 1910&ndash;though it is unclear whether he died before or after the 1910 census.<ref>Petition for citizenship, Emma Flegenheimer, District Court for the Southern District of New York, #236144</ref> 

This event [[Psychological trauma|traumatized]] young Flegenheimer, who spent the rest of his life denying that his father had abandoned his family.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newyorkcitygangland.com/|title=NYC Gangland|website=newyorkcitygangland.com|access-date=July 29, 2010|archive-date=October 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026034020/https://newyorkcitygangland.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He dropped out of school in the eighth grade to help support himself and his mother. He worked as a feeder and pressman for the Clark Loose Leaf Company, Caxton Press, [[American Express]] and Schultz Trucking in the Bronx between 1916 and 1919.<ref name="NYCGangland.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.NYCGangland.com|title=NYC Gangland|website=nycgangland.com}}</ref>

===Criminal beginnings===
[[File:Dutch Schultz 1919 Mugshot.jpg|thumb|Dutch Schultz 1919 mugshot]]
Before turning to [[burglary]], Flegenheimer worked at a neighborhood nightclub owned by a small-time mobster, where he robbed [[Craps|craps games]]. Eventually he was caught breaking into an apartment and sent to the prison on Blackwell's Island (now called [[Roosevelt Island]]). His mugshot, at age 18, was published in the 2010 book ''New York City Gangland''.<ref name="NYCGangland.com"/> Flegenheimer proved to be such an unmanageable prisoner that he was transferred to a [[Penal labor in the United States|work farm]] in [[Westhampton, New York|Westhampton]], [[Long Island]]. After he was recaptured following an escape, he had two months added to his sentence.<ref name="NYCGangland.com"/>

Flegenheimer was released on [[parole]] on December 8, 1920, and went back to work at Schultz Trucking. With the enactment of the [[Volstead Act]] and the start of [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]], the shipping company began [[smuggling]] alcoholic beverages into New York City from Canada. This led Flegenheimer to start associating with known criminals. It was also during this time that Flegenheimer became better known as "Dutch" Schultz. Following a disagreement, he left Schultz Trucking and went to work for their Italian competitors.{{fact|date=October 2024}}

==Criminal career==
===Bootlegger===
In the mid-1920s, Schultz had begun work as a [[Bouncer (doorman)|bouncer]] at the Hub Social Club, a small [[speakeasy]] in the Bronx owned by a gangster named Joey Noe. Noe was impressed with Schultz's reputation for brutality and made him a partner. Together they soon opened more illegal drinking establishments around the Bronx. Using their own trucks to reduce high delivery costs, they brought in beer made by Frankie Dunn, a brewer in [[Union City, New Jersey|Union City]], [[New Jersey]]. Schultz often [[Riding shotgun|rode shotgun]] to guard the trucks from hijackers.

Schultz and Noe soon had to deal with brothers John and Joe Rock, who were already running a [[rumrunning|bootlegging]] operation in the Bronx. Initially the brothers refused to buy beer from Noe and Schultz, but eventually John, the elder brother, agreed to cooperate; however, his younger brother Joe refused. One night the Noe-Schultz gang kidnapped Joe, beat him and hung him by his thumbs from a meat hook. They then allegedly wrapped a gauze bandage smeared with discharge from a [[gonorrhea]] infection over his eyes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freeinfosociety.com/article.php?id=205 |title=Schultz, Dutch – The Free Information Society |publisher=Freeinfosociety.com |access-date=December 28, 2010 |archive-date=April 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413112334/http://www.freeinfosociety.com/article.php?id=205 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Joe's family reportedly paid $35,000 for his release. Shortly after his return, he went blind. From then on, the Noe-Schultz gang met little opposition as they expanded across the entire Bronx.<ref name="five families book"/> Bootlegging during Prohibition made Schultz very wealthy.<ref name="five families book"/>

===Gang wars===
The Noe-Schultz operation, which had begun to flourish in the Bronx, soon became the only gang able to rival the network of Italian crime syndicates that became the [[Italian-American Mafia|Mafia]]'s [[Five Families]].<ref name="five families book"/> When the gang expanded from the Bronx over to Manhattan's [[Upper West Side]] and the neighborhoods of [[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights]], [[Yorkville, Manhattan|Yorkville]] and [[Harlem]], they moved their headquarters to [[List of numbered streets in Manhattan|East 149th Street]] in the Bronx. However, this brazen move led to a bootleg war with New York's [[Irish mob]], led by [[Legs Diamond|Jack "Legs" Diamond]].

In the early hours of October 16, 1928, Noe was shot several times outside the Chateau Madrid, a speakeasy at 231 [[54th Street (Manhattan)|West 54th]].<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1928/10/20/91723801.pdf |title=Fatal Pistol Battle Brings Night Club Raid |date=October 20, 1928}}</ref> Although seriously wounded, he managed to return fire. A blue [[Cadillac]] was seen hitting some parked cars and losing one of its doors before speeding away. When police found the car an hour later, they discovered the body of a Louis Weinberg (no relation to Schultz gang members [[Abraham Weinberg|Abraham "Bo" Weinberg]] and [[George Weinberg (mobster)|George Weinberg]]) in the backseat. Noe's wounds became infected, and he died on November 21.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1928/11/22/95851016.pdf |title=Sheriff Aide Dies of Shots |date=November 22, 1928}}</ref> Schultz was left angry and distraught by the loss of his friend and mentor.

Retaliation started a few weeks later when [[Arnold Rothstein]], a [[crime boss]] in the [[Jewish-American organized crime|Jewish mob]], was found fatally shot near the service entrance to the [[Park Central Hotel]] on November 6, 1928. Although George "Hump" McManus supposedly killed Rothstein over an unpaid gambling debt, Schultz is believed to have ordered the killing in retribution for Noe's death. This theory is supported by the fact that the first individual McManus rang after the killing was Schultz's attorney, [[Dixie Davis]]. Schultz's trusted lieutenant, Bo Weinberg, then picked up McManus and drove him away from the murder scene. McManus was later cleared of the killing.

On October 12, 1930, Diamond was shot and wounded at the Hotel Monticello on Manhattan's [[West Side (Manhattan)|West Side]]. Two gunmen forced their way into Diamond's room and shot him five times before fleeing. Still in his pajamas, Diamond staggered into the hallway and collapsed. When asked later by the [[New York City Police Commissioner|New York City police commissioner]] how he managed to walk out of the room, Diamond said he drank two shots of [[whiskey]] first. Diamond was rushed to the Polyclinic Hospital in Manhattan, where he eventually recovered.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1930/10/13/102169864.pdf|title=Jack Diamond shot five times by gunmen in a 64th street hotel|date=October 13, 1930|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 28, 2013}}{{subscription required}}</ref> On December 30, 1930, Diamond was discharged from Polyclinic.<ref name="diamond case">{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1931/08/08/92162468.pdf|title=Diamond case goes to the jury today|date=August 8, 1931|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 5, 2013}}{{subscription required}}</ref> During his absence, his gang was forced to leave the city. When he returned home, Diamond began carving out a new territory for himself in [[Albany, New York|Albany]]. He was killed in an Albany rooming house at 67 Dove Street by two gunmen in December 1931.<ref>{{cite news|title='Legs' Diamond Slain In Sleep At Albany By Two Assassins; Just Before Gang Murder |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0714FE3E591B728DDDA00994DA415B818FF1D3 |quote=Jack (Legs) Diamond, human ammunition dump for the underworld, was killed in a cheap rooming house at 67 Dove ... |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 1931 |access-date=August 9, 2012}}{{subscription required}}</ref>

Schultz also had to deal with internecine conflicts within his own gang. In 1930 one of his enforcers, [[Mad Dog Coll|Vincent Coll]], demanded to be made an equal partner. This was because Schultz's subordinates received a flat salary instead of the customary percentage from the take—a unique arrangement compared to other major gangs in [[organized crime]]. When Schultz refused, Coll formed his own crew with the ultimate goal of murdering Schultz and taking over his territory. In the bloody gang war that followed, Coll lost his older brother Pete and earned the nickname "Mad Dog" from the press after a child was killed during a botched assassination attempt committed by his gang. In February 1932, while Coll was taking a call in a drugstore phone booth, gunmen armed with [[machine gun]]s entered the store and shot him to death. The killers may have included Edward "Fats" McCarthy and the brothers Bo and George Weinberg.

===Racketeer===
Along with the [[policy racket]]s, Schultz began extorting New York restaurant owners and workers. Working through a hulking gangster named Jules Modgilewsky (also known as Julie Martin), Schultz made deals with the leaders of Waiters Local 16 and Cafeteria Workers Local 302 to [[extortion|extort]] money by forcing restaurant owners to join the Metropolitan Restaurant & Cafeteria Owners Association, an employer association that Schultz had founded. Those who refused to join the Association were faced with exorbitant wage demands from [[labor union]]s, followed by [[labor strike|strike]]s and [[stink bomb]] attacks. The Association then stepped in to arrange a settlement of the strike with a [[Sweetheart deal|sweetheart contract]] for low wages contingent on the employer joining the Association. Martin successfully extracted thousands of dollars of tributes and "dues" for Schultz from the terrorized restaurant owners.

During his tax trial, Schultz began to suspect that Martin was [[skimming (fraud)|skimming]] from the shakedown operation; Schultz had recently discovered a $70,000 disparity in the books. On the evening of March 2, 1935, Schultz invited Martin to a meeting at the Harmony Hotel in [[Cohoes, New York|Cohoes]], [[New York (state)|New York]]. At the meeting, at which chief [[Mob enforcer|enforcer]] Bo Weinberg and mob lawyer Dixie Davis were also present, Martin belligerently denied Schultz's charges and began arguing with him. Both men were drinking heavily as the argument continued, and Schultz sucker-punched Martin. Finally, Martin admitted that he had taken $20,000, which he believed he was "entitled to" anyway. Davis related what happened next:

{{blockquote|Dutch Schultz was ugly; he had been drinking and suddenly he had his gun out. Schultz wore his pistol under his vest, tucked inside his pants, right against his belly. One jerk at his vest and he had it in his hand. All in the same quick motion he swung it up, stuck it in Jules Martin's mouth and pulled the trigger. It was as simple and undramatic as that—just one quick motion of the hand. Dutch Schultz did that murder just as casually as if he were picking his teeth.<ref name="five families book"/>}}

As Martin contorted on the floor, Schultz apologized to Davis for killing someone in front of him. When Davis later read a newspaper story about the murder, he was shocked to find out that the body was found on a snowbank with a dozen stab wounds to the chest. When Davis asked about this, Schultz replied, deadpan, "I cut his heart out."

===Trials for tax evasion ===
In the early 1930s, [[United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York|United States Attorney]] [[Thomas Dewey]] had set his sights on convicting Schultz for [[tax evasion|non-payment of federal taxes]]. Schultz was [[indictment|indicted]] in New York in January 1933 and became a fugitive. He surrendered in Albany in November 1934 as part of a plan to have his trials moved from New York City to [[Upstate New York|upstate]]. His first tax evasion trial, in [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]], ended in a [[hung jury]], with many speculating he'd [[jury tampering|bribed the jurors]]. He would face retrial in [[Malone, New York|Malone]].

With the case going to a second trial, Schultz quickly set about presenting himself to the townspeople of Malone as a [[gentleman|country squire]] and good citizen. He donated cash to local businesses, gave toys to sick children and performed other charitable deeds. The strategy worked, as he was [[acquittal|acquitted]] in late summer 1935.<ref name="five families book"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Schultz Is Freed. Judge Excoriates Jury Of Farmers. Acquittal 'Blow To Law' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/08/02/archives/schultz-is-freed-judge-excoriates-jury-of-farmers-acquittal-blow-to.html |quote=Arthur (Dutch Schultz) Flegenheimer was acquitted of income tax evasion charges here at 8:55 o'clock tonight after the jury had been out 28 hours and 23 minutes. It was his second trial.... |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 2, 1935 |access-date=August 16, 2012 }}{{subscription required}}</ref> [[Mayor of New York City|New York Mayor]] [[Fiorello La Guardia]] was so outraged at the verdict that he issued an order that Schultz should be arrested on sight should he return to the city. As a result, Schultz was forced to relocate his base of operations across the [[Hudson River]] to [[Newark, New Jersey]].

==Assassination==
===Betrayal===
[[File:Dutch Schultz Wanted Poster.jpg|thumb|Dutch Schultz Wanted Poster 1934]]
As his [[defense (law)|legal defense]] costs in the tax case mounted, Schultz had found it necessary to reduce the commission he paid to those running his policy rackets to bolster what he called the "Arthur Flegenheimer Defense Fund." This tactic angered the [[Courier|runners]] and the games' controllers, who, despite being threatened with violence for showing any dissent, hired a hall, held a mass protest meeting and declared their version of a strike. Very quickly the cash flow dried up, and Schultz was forced to back down, permanently damaging the relationship between his gang and their associates.

Bo Weinberg, Schultz's chief lieutenant, was so concerned about the amount of money that Schultz was taking from the rackets that he sought advice from New Jersey mob boss [[Longy Zwillman]], who put him in touch with the [[Sicily|Sicilian]]-born gangster [[Lucky Luciano|Charles "Lucky" Luciano]]. The deal that Weinberg wanted was to retain a percentage and keep overall control of the Schultz gang. However, Luciano planned to break up the gang's rackets and territory among his own associates once Schultz was convicted of tax evasion. Believing that a guilty verdict was a foregone conclusion at the second trial, Luciano and his allies implemented their plan to take control, which met little resistance because of the ongoing bad feelings over the attempted pay cuts and the support of Weinberg.<ref name="five families book"/>

However, after his acquittal, Schultz quickly arranged a meeting with Luciano through [[The Commission (American Mafia)|the Commission]] to clarify the situation. Luciano explained to Schultz that they were just "looking after the shop" while he was away to ensure that everything ran smoothly, and that full control of his rackets would be returned to Schultz once the heat died down.<ref name="five families book"/> Publicly, Schultz was forced to accept that version of events because of the ongoing attention from law enforcement agencies and Dewey, now a [[special prosecutor]] appointed by LaGuardia.<ref name="five families book"/> A month after his acquittal, Bo Weinberg disappeared after he had walked out of a [[Midtown Manhattan]] nightclub.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20061209095930/http://www.killthedutchman.net/chapter_XX.htm Sann, Paul, 1991. Kill The Dutchman. Ch. 20]}}</ref>

Schultz had proposed to the [[National Crime Syndicate]], a confederation of mobsters, that Dewey be murdered. Luciano argued that the assassination of a high-profile prosecutor would precipitate a massive law enforcement crackdown. The Commission later voted unanimously against the proposal.<ref name="five families book"/> An enraged Schultz told the group that he would kill Dewey anyway and walked out of the meeting.<ref name="sch">{{cite web|last=Gribben|first=Mark|title=Murder, Inc.: Dutch gets his|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/gang/inc/6.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009100849/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/gang/inc/6.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 9, 2008|publisher=Crime Library|access-date=September 2, 2013}}</ref> Later, [[Murder, Inc.]] leader [[Albert Anastasia]] approached Luciano with information that Schultz had asked him to stake out Dewey's apartment building on [[Fifth Avenue]]. Upon hearing the news, the Commission held a discreet meeting to discuss the matter. After six hours of deliberations, the Commission ordered [[Louis Buchalter]] to eliminate "The Dutchman."<ref>{{cite book|title=The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano: The Mafia Story in His Own Words|first=Martin & Richard Hammer|last=Gosch|publisher=Enigma Books|year= 2013|isbn=9781936274581|pages=223–224}}</ref>

===Shooting===
Dutch Schultz was shot on October 23, 1935 at the Palace Chop House restaurant at 12 East Park Street in Newark, along with his accountant [[Otto Berman]]; Abraham “Abe” Landau, his new chief lieutenant; and his personal bodyguard, [[Bernard Rosenkrantz|Bernard "Lulu" Rosenkrantz]].<ref name="five families book"/><ref name="schultz murder article">{{cite news|title=Schultz is shot, one aide killed, and 3 wounded|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1935/10/24/101514743.pdf|access-date=September 2, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 24, 1935}}{{subscription required}}</ref> While Schultz was in the men's room, two Murder, Inc. [[hitman|hitmen]] named Charles "The Bug" Workman and [[Emanuel Weiss|Emanuel "Mendy" Weiss]] entered the establishment. Workman walked the length of the bar and opened the door to the men's room, where he encountered Schultz. Workman shot Schultz, who dropped to the floor. He then entered the rear dining room with Weiss, with both men firing numerous times at the Schultz gang members.<ref name="five families book"/>

Berman collapsed immediately after he was shot. Landau's [[carotid artery]] was severed by a bullet passing through his neck, and Rosenkrantz was hit repeatedly at [[point-blank range]]. Despite their injuries, both gangsters rose to their feet, returned fire and drove the assassins out of the restaurant. Weiss jumped into the getaway car and ordered the driver to abandon Workman. Landau chased Workman out of the bar and emptied his [[pistol]] at him but missed. After Workman had fled on foot, Landau collapsed onto a nearby trashcan.<ref name="five families book"/>

Witnesses say Schultz staggered out of the bathroom, clutching his side and sat at his table. He called for anyone who could hear him to get an [[ambulance]]. Rosenkrantz rose to his feet and demanded that the barman, who had hidden during the shootout, give him some change. Rosenkrantz called for an ambulance before he lost consciousness.

When the first ambulance arrived, medics determined Landau and Rosenkrantz were the most seriously wounded and needed to be taken immediately to Newark City Hospital. A second ambulance was called to take Schultz and Berman. Berman was unconscious, but Schultz was drifting in and out of lucidity as police attempted to comfort him and get information. Because the medics had no [[pain reliever]]s, Schultz was given [[brandy]] to relieve his suffering.<ref name="five families book"/>

When the second ambulance arrived from Newark City Hospital, Schultz gave an intern in the ambulance $3,000 in cash because he thought he was dying and said that it was not going to do him any good where he was going. After surgery, when it looked as if Schultz might live, the intern was so worried that he would come back for his cash that he handed in the money.<ref name="five families book"/> Landau and Rosenkrantz refused to say anything to police until Schultz had given them permission after he had arrived in the second ambulance. Even then, they provided the police with only minimal information.

At 2:20&nbsp;am, Berman, the oldest and least physically fit of the four men, was the first to die. Landau died of blood loss at 6&nbsp;am. When Rosenkrantz was taken into surgery, the surgeons were so incredulous that he was still alive despite his blood loss and ballistic trauma that they were unsure of how to treat him. He eventually died from his injuries twenty-nine hours after the shooting.<ref name="five families book"/>

===Death===
Schultz received the [[last rites]] from a [[Catholic]] priest at his request just before he went into surgery. He reportedly believed [[Jesus]] enabled him to beat an indictment and had promised to convert. He lingered for almost one day, speaking in various states of lucidity with his wife, mother, a priest, police and hospital staff before dying of [[peritonitis]] on October 24, 1935.

Schultz was permitted interment in the Roman Catholic [[Gate of Heaven Cemetery]] in [[Hawthorne, New York|Hawthorne]], [[Westchester County, New York]], but at the request of his [[Orthodox Jewish]] mother his body was draped with a [[talit]], a traditional Jewish prayer shawl.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/schultz/1935_7.html |title=Dutch Schultz: Beer Baron of the Bronx — October 23, 1935 — Crime Library on truTV.com |publisher=Crimelibrary.com |date=October 23, 1935 |access-date=December 28, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511000430/http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/schultz/1935_7.html |archive-date=May 11, 2008 }}</ref>

In 1941, Workman was convicted of killing Schultz and was sentenced to [[life imprisonment]]. He was paroled in 1964.<ref name="workman schultz murder">{{cite news|title=Schultz murder laid to Lepke aide|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1941/03/28/85275904.pdf|access-date=September 2, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 28, 1941}}{{subscription required}}</ref> The building that housed the Palace Chop House was torn down in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2008/10/newark_approves_demolition_of.html|title=Newark Approves Demolition of Building Where Gangster Was Slain|date=October 1, 2008|newspaper=The Star Ledger}}</ref>

==Final words and legacy==
[[File:1 Dutch Schultz 800.jpg|thumb|300 px|The headstone of Dutch Schultz in [[Gate of Heaven Cemetery]], [[Hawthorne, New York]]]]
Schultz's last words were a strange [[Stream of consciousness (psychology)|stream-of-consciousness]] babble spoken in his hospital bed to police officers who attempted to calm him and question him for useful information. Although the police were unable to extract anything coherent from Schultz, his rambling was fully transcribed by a police [[stenographer]]. These include:

:A boy has never wept...nor dashed a thousand kim.
:You can play [[knucklebones|jacks]], and girls do that with a soft ball and do tricks with it.
:Oh, Oh, dog Biscuit, and when he is happy he doesn't get snappy.

Schultz's last words have inspired a number of writers to devote works related to them. [[Beat Generation]] author [[William S. Burroughs]] published a screenplay in novel form titled ''[[The Last Words of Dutch Schultz]]'' in the early 1970s, while [[Robert Shea]] and [[Robert Anton Wilson]] connected Schultz's words to a global [[Illuminati]]-related [[Conspiracy (civil)|conspiracy]], making them a major part of 1975's ''[[The Illuminatus! Trilogy]]''. In Wilson's and Shea's story, Schultz's ramblings are a coded message. In his 1960 anthology ''Parodies,'' [[Dwight Macdonald]] presents Schultz's last words as a parody of [[Gertrude Stein]]. In [[E. L. Doctorow]]'s novel ''[[Billy Bathgate]]'', the title character uses clues from Schultz's deathbed ramblings to locate his hidden money.

Although Schultz's gang was meant to be crippled, several of his associates survived the night. Martin "Marty" Krompier, whom Schultz left in charge of his Manhattan interests while he hid in New Jersey, survived an assassination attempt the same night as the shootings at the Palace Chop House. No apparent attempt was made on the life of Irish mobster [[John M. Dunn]], who later became the brother-in-law of mobster Edward J. McGrath and a powerful member of the [[The Westies|Hell's Kitchen Irish mob]].

After Schultz's death, it was discovered that he and his wife had never gone through an official marriage ceremony, and the possible existence of [[bigamy|another wife]] emerged with the discovery of letters and pictures of another woman and children among his effects at the hotel where he was staying in Newark. This was never resolved, as his [[Common-law marriage|common-law wife]] refused to talk about the matter and the mystery woman never came forward. Two other women also called at the morgue to receive his effects, but their identities were never established. 

Though Schultz was estimated to be worth $7&nbsp;million when he died, no trace of the money was ever found. Shortly before his death, fearing that he would be incarcerated as a result of Dewey's efforts, he commissioned the construction of a special airtight and waterproof safe into which he placed $7&nbsp;million in cash and [[Bond (finance)|bonds]] ({{Inflation|US|7000000|1935|fmt=eq|r=-6}}). Schultz and Rosenkrantz then drove the safe to an undisclosed location somewhere in upstate New York and buried it. At the time of his death, the safe was still interred.<ref>{{IMDb title|0357601|Digging for Dutch: The Search for the Lost Treasure of Dutch Schultz (2001)}}</ref> With no evidence to indicate that either Schultz or Rosenkrantz had ever revealed the location of the safe to anyone (or that it even existed), the exact location where it was buried died with them. Schultz's enemies are said to have spent the remainder of their lives searching for the safe. As it has never been recovered, treasure hunters have annually returned to look for it in the [[Catskills]]. One such meeting became the documentary film ''Digging for Dutch: The Search for the Lost Treasure of Dutch Schultz''.<ref>{{IMDb title|0357601|Digging for Dutch: The Search for the Lost Treasure of Dutch Schultz (2001)}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
Several actors have portrayed Dutch Schultz in film and television: [[Vic Morrow]] in ''[[Portrait of a Mobster]]'' (1961), [[Vincent Gardenia]] in ''[[Mad Dog Coll (1961 film)|Mad Dog Coll]]'' (1961), [[James Remar]] in ''[[The Cotton Club (film)|The Cotton Club]]'' (1984), [[Dustin Hoffman]] in ''[[Billy Bathgate (film)|Billy Bathgate]]'' (1991), [[Lance Henriksen]] in ''The Outfit'' (1993), and [[Tim Roth]] in ''[[Hoodlum (film)|Hoodlum]]'' (1997).

On television, in the 1959 ''[[The Untouchables (1959 TV series)|The Untouchables]]'' episodes "Vincent 'Mad Dog' Coll", "The Dutch Schultz Story" and "Jack 'Legs' Diamond", Schultz was played by [[Lawrence Dobkin]]. He was portrayed by John Dennis in ten episodes of ''[[The Lawless Years]]'' from 1959 to 1961. These episodes included: "The Dutch Schultz Story", "The Jack 'Legs' Diamond Story", "Louy K, part two: 'Sing Sing'", "Louy K, part three: 'Birth of the Organization'", "Louy K, part four: 'Heyday of the Organization'", "Louy K, part five: 'The Disintegration'", "Ginny", "The 'Mad Dog' Coll Story, part one", "The 'Mad Dog' Coll Story, part two", and "Ike, the Novelty King". In the 1993–1994 series [[The Untouchables (1993 TV series)|''The Untouchables'']], he was portrayed by Si Osborne in the 1993 episode "Attack on New York". In the 2015 [[AMC (TV channel)|AMC]] series ''[[The Making of the Mob: New York]]'', he was played by Christopher Morrow.

On November 18, 2020, a [[PBS]] ''[[Secrets of the Dead]]'' episode entitled "Gangster's Gold" premiered which detailed the investigation and the hunt for Schultz's lost treasure. In July 2022, an episode of ''[[Expedition Unknown]]'', titled "The Bootlegger's Millions", focused on Schultz and his treasure.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.discovery.com/shows/expedition-unknown/episodes/the-bootleggers-millions |title=The Bootlegger's Millions |website=discovery.com |access-date=July 2, 2022 |quote=S7 E7 7/6/22}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography}}
* [[List of Jewish American mobsters]]
* [[Getty Square#History|Prohibition Operations in Getty Square neighborhood in Yonkers, New York]]
* ''[[Billy Bathgate]]'' by [[E.L. Doctorow]]
* ''[[Button Man]]'' by [[Andrew Gross]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://www.NewYorkCityGangland.com New York City Gangland by Arthur Nash] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026034020/https://newyorkcitygangland.com/ |date=October 26, 2020 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161012183839/http://feastofhateandfear.com/archives/dutch.html The Last Words of Dutch Schultz] at the [[Wayback Machine]] (archived October 12, 2016)
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20041016135359/http://www.killthedutchman.net/ ''Kill the Dutchman!: The Story of Dutch Schultz'']}} by Paul Sann
* [http://vault.fbi.gov/Arthur%20Flegenheimer%20%28Dutch%20Schultz%29 FBI files on Arthur Flegenheimer] (FBI's Freedom of Information Archive)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034302/http://www.patrickdowney.com/profile-dutch.html Gangster City Profiles: Dutch Schultz]
* [http://www.j-grit.com/criminals-dutch-schultz.php Dutch Schultz – Gangster @J-Grit: The Internet Index of Tough Jews]
* [https://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/gangsters-gold-promo/5446/ Gangster's Gold Secrets of the Dead]
*[https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=2520617274628403&id=118846541472167&set=a.155727757784045 Dutch Schultz 1919 Mugshot]
*[https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/dutch-schultz-wanted-poster Dutch schultz Wanted Poster]
{{s-start}}
{{succession box 
| before=[[Casper Holstein]] and [[Stephanie St. Clair]]
| title=[[Policy racket]] in New York City
| years=c. 1932–1935
| after=[[Mike Coppola (mobster)|Michael "Trigger Mike" Coppola]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{American Mafia}}
{{Organized crime groups in New York City}}{{Murder, Incorporated}}{{prohibition}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schultz, Dutch}}
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[[Category:People murdered in 1935]]
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[[Category:Criminals from the Bronx]]
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[[Category:Deaths from peritonitis]]
[[Category:American gangsters of the interwar period]]
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