View source for Duyfken

{{Short description|Dutch ship}}
{{Use Australian English|date=April 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |display title=ital|infobox caption=''Duyfken''}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Duyfken replica, Swan River.jpg
|Ship caption=The 1999 replica of ''Duyfken'' in 2006
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Header caption=
|Ship country=[[Dutch Republic]]
|Ship flag=[[File:Prinsenvlag.svg|border|60px]]
|Ship name=''Duyfken''
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=
|Ship original cos
|Ship launched=1595
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship honours=
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=Condemned beyond repair July 1608 at [[Ternate]]
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Header caption=
|Ship type=
|Ship displacement=110&nbsp;tons
|Ship length={{convert|65.4|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|19.7|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft={{convert|8|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship speed={{convert|7|kn}}
|Ship propulsion=Sail
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship complement=
|Ship armament=8&nbsp;cannons
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''''Duyfken''''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈdœyfkə(n)}}; {{literal translation |Little Dove}}), also in the form '''''Duifje''''' or spelled '''''Duifken''''' or '''''Duijfken''''', was a small ship built in the [[Dutch Republic]]. She was a fast, lightly armed ship probably intended for shallow water, small valuable cargoes, bringing messages, sending provisions, or privateering.<ref name="sak07" /> The tonnage of ''Duyfken'' has been given as 25–30 [[Last (unit)|lasten]] ({{convert|{{#expr: 25 * 1976.4 / 1000 round 0 }}|-|{{#expr: 30 * 1976.4 / 1000 round 0 }}|t|e3lb|0|abbr=off|disp=or|lk=on}}).<ref name="mut42" />{{rp|14}}

In 1606, during [[Janszoon voyage of 1605-6|a voyage of discovery]] from Bantam (Banten), [[Java (island)|Java]], captained by [[Willem Janszoon]], she encountered the Australian mainland.<ref name="huy95" /> Janszoon is credited with the first authenticated European landing on Australia.<ref name="wam-duy15" /> In 1608, the ship was damaged beyond repair.

A [[ship replica|reproduction]] of ''Duyfken'' was built in Australia and launched in 1999.<ref name="ken16" />

==Voyages==
In 1595, a ship named ''Duyfken'' sailed in the first expedition to [[Bantam (city)|Bantam]]. After returning in August 1597, this ship was renamed ''Overijsel'' and also sailed in the second and fourth expedition to the East Indies.<ref name="sak07" />

On 23 April 1601, another ship named ''Duyfken'' sailed from [[Texel]] as ''jacht'', or scout, under skipper [[Willem Schouten|Willem Cornelisz Schouten]] to the [[Maluku Islands|Spice Islands]]. After reaching Bantam, the "Moluccan Fleet", consisting of five ships including ''Duyfken'' under admiral Wolphert Harmensz, encountered a blockading fleet of Portuguese ships totalling eight galleons and twenty-two galleys. They engaged this fleet in intermittent battle (the [[Battle of Bantam]]), driving them away on New Year's Day 1602. Thus, the undisputed dominance of the [[Iberians]] (Portuguese and Spanish) in the [[spice trade]] to Europe was ended.

The fleet received a warm welcome in Bantam, repairs were carried out to damage caused in the battle, and a survey of [[Jakarta]] Bay was undertaken, where the Dutch would later build [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]], their capital in the Indies. Then, sailing by way of [[Tuban]], East Java to the Spice Island of [[Ternate]], [[cloves]] were loaded on board and the ship returned to [[Banda Islands|Banda]] for a cargo of [[nutmeg]].

[[File:StateLibQld 1 117460 Duyfhen (ship).jpg|thumb|left|upright|An 1886 illustration depicting how the artist imagined ''Duyfken'' in the [[Gulf of Carpentaria]]]]
''Duyfken'' was then sent on a voyage of exploration to the east when the newly formed [[Dutch East India Company]] ({{langx|nl|Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie}}, commonly abbreviated to VOC) was granted a monopoly on trade to the Spice Islands by the Dutch government. On the voyage home from the Indies ''Duyfken'' was separated from the larger ships in a storm off [[Cape Agulhas]], southern Africa and reached [[Flushing, Netherlands|Flushing]] in April 1603,<ref name="mut42" />{{rp|14}} two months ahead of the larger ships.

On 18 December 1603, ''Duyfken'', with [[Willem Janszoon]] as skipper, set out on a second voyage to the Indies in the VOC fleet of [[Steven van der Haghen]]. The VOC fleet captured a Portuguese ship in [[Mozambique Channel]] and sailed to the Spice Islands via [[Goa]], [[History of Kozhikode|Calicut]], [[Pegu]] and finally reaching Bantam, Java on New Year's Eve 1604.

In 1605, ''Duyfken'' was in the fleet that recaptured the fort of Van Verre at [[Ambon Island|Ambon]] in the Spice Islands, from the Portuguese. She was then sent to Bantam, Java for urgently needed provisions.

In 1605, the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC) sent ''Duyfken'', captained by [[Willem Janszoon]], to search for trade opportunities in the "south and east lands" beyond the furthest reaches of their known world. Willem Janszoon took the ship southeast from [[Banda Islands|Banda]] to the [[Kei Islands]], then along the south coast of [[New Guinea]], skirting south of the shallow waters around [[False Cape (Irian Jaya)]] and then continuing east-southeast.

[[File:StateLibQld 1 263100.jpg|thumb|A 1670 copy of a map drawn on board ''Duyfken'' during her voyage of discovery along the Australian coast in 1606 from the Atlas Van der Hem]]

In [[Janszoon voyage of 1605-06|early 1606, Janszoon]] encountered and then charted the shores of Australia's [[Cape York Peninsula]].<ref name="nma-jan" /><ref name="sln07" /> The ship made landfall at the [[Pennefather River]] in the [[Gulf of Carpentaria]]. This is the first authenticated sighting of Australia by Europeans, and also the first authenticated landing of Europeans on Australian soil.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Randall |first=Brian |date=2013-04-30 |title=Queensland Places - Cape York and the Voyage of the Duyfken |url=https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/queensland-places-cape-york-and-voyage-duyfken |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=State Library Of Queensland |language=en}}</ref> For the first time all the inhabited continents of the world were known to the European science of geography. The ship sailed back to Bantam.

In 1607, ''Duyfken'' may have made a second voyage east to Australia. Later in the year, she was sent to Java to get supplies for the beleaguered Dutch fortress on Ternate. In February or March 1608, ''Duyfken'' was involved in hunting Chinese [[junk (ship)|junks]] north of [[Ternate]].<ref name="ops72" />{{rp|311–312}}

In May 1608, the ship was engaged in a five-hour battle with three Portuguese galleys.<ref name="mut42" /> In June, she was sent with larger ships to capture the fortress of Taffaso on [[Makian Island]]. A month later, she was brought inside the reef at Ternate for repairs. It seems that she was hauled on her side to repair the bottom but this caused further damage, and the ship was condemned as beyond repair.

==Replica==
[[File:Duyfken Replica Under Sail.jpg|thumb|The 1999 replica of ''Duyfken'' under sail around 2006]]

The Duyfken Replica Project was founded by the Dutch-born Australian historian Michael John Young.<ref name="def-dd">{{cite web |title=The Duyfken dream |url=http://www.duyfken.com/duyfken-replica/duyfken-dream/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406004123/http://www.duyfken.com/duyfken-replica/duyfken-dream/ |archive-date=2020-04-06 |website=Duyfken 1606 Replica Foundation |access-date=2020-04-06 }}</ref> Young became aware of ''Duyfken'' as early as 1976 and lobbied extensively for a new replica project after the launch of the [[HM Bark Endeavour Replica|Endeavour replica]] in Fremantle, Australia in the mid-1990s.

The Duyfken Replica committee was established in 1995 by Michael Young and retired journalist James Henderson. This led to the establishment of the Friends of the Duyfken group then ultimately, the Duyfken 1606 Replica Foundation. The Foundation was initially chaired by entrepreneur Michael G. Kailis of Perth, who led the charge in raising the {{AUD|3.5{{nbsp}}million}} building budget.

On 27 March 1997, Dutch Crown Prince [[William-Alexander of the Netherlands|William-Alexander]] laid the ''Duyfken'' replica's keel at the Duyfken Replica Ship Yard in front of the Fremantle Maritime Museum in Fremantle, Western Australia.

[[File:Decorated stern of the Duyfken replica.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Decorated stern of ''Duyfken'' replica in [[Cooktown, Queensland|Cooktown]] harbour in 2009]]

A full size reproduction of ''Duyfken'' was built by the "Duyfken 1606 Replica Foundation" jointly with the [[Western Australian Museum|Maritime Museum of Western Australia]] and launched on 24 January 1999 in [[Fremantle, Western Australia|Fremantle]]. She then undertook an expedition to Banda in Indonesia and sailed on a reenactment voyage to the Pennefather River in Queensland. Then  to mark the 400th anniversary of the United Dutch East India Company (VOC) the ship sailed from [[Sydney]], to [[Queensland]], [[Indonesia]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Mauritius]], [[South Africa|South Africa, Namibia]], and finally [[Texel]] in the Netherlands. The ship then conducted a six month exhibition tour of The Netherlands. While in the Netherlands, the floor of the hold was replaced by antique [[Dutch brick]]s.

The story of the construction of the replica and the ship's major voyages is published in a book, ''Through Darkest Seas'', by the former Project Director and Chair of the Duyfken 1606 Replica Foundation, Graeme Cocks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Through Darkest Seas Duyfken Book {{!}} Ship |url=https://www.duyfkenbook.com/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=My Site |language=en}}</ref>

For a period in 2005, ''Duyfken'' was berthed alongside the [[Old Swan Brewery]] on the [[Swan River (Western Australia)|Swan River]] in [[Perth, Western Australia]]. The replica was open for visits by the public.

In 2006, [[Western Australia]] played a big role in the 400th anniversary of the original ''Duyfken''{{'}}s visit to Australia. A national group called "Australia on the Map: 1606–2006"{{efn|Now "Australia on the Map", a division of the Australasian Hydrographic Society.}} was formed to commemorate the arrival of ''Duyfken''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.australiaonthemap.org.au/about/|title=About – Australia on the Map|publisher=Australasian Hydrographic Society|access-date=22 November 2020}}</ref> and to mark this important milestone in Australia's history, by also giving recognition to all who followed her and contributed to the mapping of the Australian coast.

''Duyfken'' was berthed at the [[Queensland Maritime Museum]] in Southbank, Brisbane, [[Queensland]] until early 2011, when she was then placed on display at the [[Australian National Maritime Museum]] in Sydney. In 2012 she returned to Fremantle.

In November 2020, the Foundation announced that ''Duyfken'' would return to the Australian National Maritime Museum. [[COVID-19 pandemic in Australia#Western Australia|COVID-19 pandemic travel restrictions]] prevented the crew from travelling from New South Wales to Fremantle to sail the ship, so it was transported on a larger vessel to [[Newcastle, New South Wales|Newcastle]], then sailed from there to Sydney, arriving on 22 December 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-22/historic-tall-ship-replica-duyfken-moves-from-perth-to-sydney/12905786|title=Fremantle's historic Duykfen 'little dove' tall ship replica to relocate east for new chapter in Sydney Harbour|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|author=Emma Wynne|date=22 November 2020|access-date=22 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.6pr.com.au/duyfken-replica-arrives-in-sydney-harbour/|title=Duyfken replica arrives in Sydney Harbour|author=Steve Mills|date=22 December 2020|access-date=4 June 2022}}</ref> {{As of |2024}}, the replica ''Duyfken'' continues to be situated in [[Darling Harbour]], Sydney.<ref>{{cite web |title=Duyfken replica |year=2024 |website=Australian National Maritime Museum |url=https://www.sea.museum/en/whats-on/our-fleet/duyfken-replica |access-date=2024-10-25 }}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{reflist |refs=

<ref name="huy95">{{cite report |title=On the yacht Duyfken (1601): The first European Ship known to explore the Australian coast |first=Marit |last=van Huystee |institution=Maritime Archaeology Department Western Australian Maritime Museum |number=105 |website=Western Australian Museum |year=1995 |url=https://museum.wa.gov.au/maritime-archaeology-db/sites/default/files/no._105_yacht_duyfken_1601_1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214151752/https://museum.wa.gov.au/maritime-archaeology-db/sites/default/files/no._105_yacht_duyfken_1601_1.pdf |archive-date=2019-02-14 |access-date=2020-04-06 }}</ref>

<ref name="ken16">{{cite news |title=Replica of first recorded ship to visit Australia docks in Bunbury |first=Sharon |last=Kennedy |date=2016-09-05 |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-05/duyfken-replica-sail-ship/7811690 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224005702/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-05/duyfken-replica-sail-ship/7811690 |archive-date=2016-12-24 |access-date=2020-04-07 }}</ref>

<ref name="nma-jan">{{cite web |title=Janszoon maps northern Australian coast |website=[[National Museum of Australia]] |url=https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/janszoon-maps-northern-australian-coast |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313112550/https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/janszoon-maps-northern-australian-coast |archive-date=2020-03-13 |access-date=2020-04-08 }}</ref>

<ref name="mut42">{{cite book |last=Mutch |first=Thomas Davies |author-link=Thomas Mutch |title=The First Discovery of Australia; With an Account of the Voyage of the "Duyfken" and the Career of Captain Willem Jansz |publisher=Thomas Davies Mutch |location=Sydney |year=1942 |via=[[Project Gutenberg Australia]] |url=http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600631h.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214202335/http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600631h.html |archive-date=2020-02-14 |access-date=2020-04-05 |oclc=1058014886 }}</ref>

<ref name="ops72">{{cite thesis |type=PhD |last=van Opstall |first=Magaretha Elisabeth |year=1972 |title=De reis van de vloot van [[Pieter Willemsz. Verhoeff|Pieter Willemsz Verhoeff]] naar Azië 1607–1612 |trans-title=The Voyage of the fleet of Pieter Willemsz Verhoeff to Asia, 1607–1612 |language=nl |location='s-Gravenhage |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff |series=Linschoten-Vereeniging |number=73 |isbn=90-247-1287-4 |oclc=780420104 }}</ref>

<ref name="sak07">{{cite web |title=De Eerste Expeditie naar Indië |trans-title=The First Expedition to India |language=nl |publisher=Arie Saksono |year=2007 |url=https://ariesaksono.wordpress.com/2007/12/12/de-eerste-expeditie-naar-indie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130132249/https://ariesaksono.wordpress.com/2007/12/12/de-eerste-expeditie-naar-indie/ |archive-date=2020-01-30 |access-date=2020-04-06 }}</ref>

<ref name="sln07">{{cite web |title=Chart of Duyfken's voyage |website=[[State Library of New South Wales]] 
|url=https://www2.sl.nsw.gov.au/archive/events/exhibitions/2006/firstsight/images/s2.html |date=2007-12-07 |access-date=2020-04-08 }}</ref>

<ref name="wam-duy15">{{cite book |title=The Duyfken: Unveiling of the First Contact Memorial at Mapoon, Queensland |publisher=Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Canberra and the Mapoon Aboriginal Shire Council |year=2015 |author1-first=Rupert |author1-last=Gerritsen |author1-link=Rupert Gerritsen |author2-first=Penelope |author2-last=Wensley |author2-link=Penelope Wensley |author3-first=Annemieke |author3-last=Ruigrok |author4-first=Peter |author4-last=Guivarra |author5-first=Colin |author5-last=Sheehan |author6-first=Evan |author6-last=McHugh |author7-first=Jack Spear |author7-last=Karntin |author8-first=Graeme |author8-last=Cocks |author9-first=Geoff |author9-last=Wharton |author10=Australia on the Map |author10-link=Australia on the Map |author11=Western Australian Museum |author11-link=Western Australian Museum |author12=Netherlands, Ambassade (Australia) |edition=2nd |editor=Western Australian Museum |isbn=978-1-925040-13-5 |url=https://www.netherlandsworldwide.nl/binaries/en-nederlandwereldwijd/documents/publications/2016/01/13/duyfken-booklet---second-edition/duyfken-second-edition.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407215737/https://www.netherlandsworldwide.nl/binaries/en-nederlandwereldwijd/documents/publications/2016/01/13/duyfken-booklet---second-edition/duyfken-second-edition.pdf |archive-date=2020-04-07 |access-date=2020-04-07 }}</ref>

}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=Sent Forth a Dove: Discovery of the Duyfken |year=1999 |first=James |last=Henderson |publisher=University of Western Australia Press |isbn=1-876268-25-5 |oclc=50214871 }}
* {{citation |title=On the Yacht Duyjken (1601): The First European Ship Known to Explore the Australian Coast |last=van Huystee |first=Marit |year=1995 |publisher=Western Australia Maritime Museum |url=https://museum.wa.gov.au/maritime-archaeology-db/maritime-reports/yacht-duyfken-1601-first-european-ship-known-explore-australian-coast#:~:text=M%20%E2%80%BA%20Maritime%20Databases%20%E2%80%BA-,On%20the%20yacht%20Duyfken%20(1601)%3A%20The%20first%20European%20ship,to%20explore%20the%20Australian%20coast&text=In%201606%20the%20Duyfken%2C%20under,of%20Carpentaria%20in%20northern%20Queensland.}}
* {{cite book |title=Through Darkest Seas |year=2023 |first=Graeme |last=Cocks |publisher=Motoring Past Vintage Publishing  |isbn=978-0-9925078-3-1 }}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Duyfken (ship, 1595)|''Duyfken''}}
* {{OL subject|duyfken_(ship)|''Duyfken''}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:16th-century ships]]
[[Category:European exploration of Australia]]
[[Category:Exploration ships of the Dutch Republic]]
[[Category:Maritime exploration of Australia]]
[[Category:Ships of the Dutch East India Company]]