View source for Earl Peel

{{short description|Earldom in the Peerage of the United Kingdom}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox hereditary title
| name              = Earl Peel 
| image             = [[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|150px|center]] [[File:Earl Peel COA.svg|180px|Arms of Earl Peel]] 
| image_size        = 
| alt               = 
| caption           = <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
'''[[Blazon]]'''
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
'''''Arms:''' Argent, three Sheaves of three Arrows proper, two and one banded Gules, on a Chief Azure, a Bee volant Or. '''Crest:''' A Demi-Lion rampant Argent, gorged with a Collar Azure, charged with three Bezants, holding between the paws a Shuttle Or. '''Supporters: Dexter:''' A Lion reguardant Argent. Sinister: A Gryphon reguardent Or. Both gorged with a Chain Or, pendent therefrom an Escutcheon Azure, charged with a Mace erect Or.'' <br /> '''Note:'''The Martlet for difference was only on the arms until the 2nd Earl inherited the baronetcy in 1942.<ref>Debrett's, 2015, p. 965.</ref>
</div>
</div>
| creation_date     = 10 July 1929 
| creation          = 
| monarch           = [[George V|King George V]] 
| peerage           = [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]] 
| baronetage        = 
| first_holder      = [[William Peel, 1st Earl Peel]] 
| last_holder       = 
| present_holder    = [[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] 
| heir_apparent     = Ashton Peel, Viscount Clanfield 
| heir_presumptive  = 
| remainder_to      = the 1st Earl's [[heirs male]] 
| subsidiary_titles = Viscount Peel<br />Viscount Clanfield<br />Baronet ‘of Drayton Manor’ 
| status            = Extant 
| extinction_date   = 
| family_seat       = 
| former_seat       = 
| motto             = '''INDUSTRIA''' <br /> ''(With industry)'' 
| footnotes         = 
}}

[[File:Robert Peel.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Robert Peel|Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet]].]]
'''Earl Peel''' is a title in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]]. The Peel family descends from Robert Peel, eldest son of a wealthy cotton merchant. The family lands, known as [[Drayton Manor]], in the County of Stafford would become more commonly known in modern-day as an amusement park. The family seat is Elmire House, near [[Ripon]], [[North Yorkshire]].

==History==
The earldom was created in 1929 for the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] politician [[William Peel, 1st Earl Peel|William Peel, 2nd Viscount Peel]], who was [[Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster]] 1921–1922, [[Secretary of State for India]] 1921–1922 and 1928–1929, and [[First Commissioner of Works]] 1924–1928. At the same time, he was created '''Viscount Clanfield''', of [[Clanfield, Hampshire|Clanfield]] in the [[County of Southampton]], also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33518|date=19 July 1929|page=4762}}</ref>

He was the son of [[Arthur Peel, 1st Viscount Peel]], who served as [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker of the House of Commons]] between 1884 and 1895, and who was created '''Viscount Peel''', of [[Sandy, Bedfordshire|Sandy]] in the [[County of Bedford]], in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1895.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26624|date=14 May 1895|page=2773}}</ref>

The first Viscount Peel was the fifth son of Prime Minister [[Robert Peel|Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet]], of Drayton Manor (see below for earlier history of the family). The first Earl was succeeded by his son, [[Arthur Peel, 2nd Earl Peel]]. In 1942, he succeeded his second cousin once removed as seventh Baronet, of Drayton Manor. The second Earl later served as [[Lord-Lieutenant of Lancashire]] from 1948 to 2 January 1951. {{As of|2017}} the titles are held by his son, [[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]], who succeeded in 1969.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}

He is one of the [[List of excepted hereditary peers|ninety elected hereditary peers]] that remain in the [[House of Lords]] after the passing of the [[House of Lords Act 1999]], and sits as a cross-bencher. The third Earl was [[Lord Warden of the Stannaries]] from 1994 to 2006 and was [[Lord Chamberlain of the Household]] from 2006 to 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Queen carries out first duty since Prince Philip's death |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-56740980 |website=BBC |access-date=9 November 2021 |date=14 April 2021}}</ref>

The Peel family descends from Robert Peel, who established a [[calico]]-printing firm in [[Blackburn]] in 1764. His eldest son, [[Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet|Robert Peel]], was a wealthy cotton merchant and also sat as [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Tamworth (UK Parliament constituency)|Tamworth]] from 1790 to 1818. In 1800 he was created a '''Baronet''', of [[Drayton Manor]] in the [[County of Stafford]] and of [[Bury, Greater Manchester|Bury]] in the [[County Palatine of Lancaster]], in the [[Baronetage of Great Britain]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=15307|date=1 November 1800|page=1244}}</ref>

He was succeeded by his eldest son, [[Robert Peel|Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet]], the noted statesman. He was [[Home Secretary]] 1822–1827 and 1828–1830, [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] 1834–1835 and [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] 1834–1835 and 1841–1846, and is best remembered for creating the modern concept of the police force while Home Secretary.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}} The police, first known as Peelers, are still commonly referred to as Bobbies, in his name. He is also known for overseeing the formation of the Conservative Party out of the shattered [[Tory]] Party, and for the repeal of the [[Corn Laws]]. Peel died after a fall from his horse on [[Constitution Hill, London|Constitution Hill]] in [[London]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}

He was succeeded by his eldest son, the [[Sir Robert Peel, 3rd Baronet|third Baronet]]. He was also a politician and served as a [[Lord of the Admiralty]] from 1852 to 1857 and as [[Chief Secretary for Ireland]] from 1861 to 1865. His grandson, the fifth Baronet, married the actress and comedian [[Beatrice Lillie]].<ref name=Lillie>Morley, Sheridan. [https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-39938 "Lillie, Beatrice Gladys"], ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]''. Retrieved 16 May 2025 {{ODNBsub}}</ref>

Their only son, the sixth Baronet, was an ordinary seaman in the [[Royal Navy]] and was killed in action in April 1942, aged only twenty-one.<ref name=Lillie/> On his death the line of the eldest son of the second Baronet failed and the title was inherited by his second cousin once removed, the second Earl Peel, who became the seventh Baronet. See above for further history of the title.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}

==Viscounts Peel (1895)==
*[[Arthur Peel, 1st Viscount Peel|Arthur Wellesley Peel, 1st Viscount Peel]] (1829–1912)
*[[William Peel, 1st Earl Peel|William Robert Wellesley Peel, 2nd Viscount Peel]] (1867–1937) (created '''Earl Peel''' in 1929)

==Earls Peel (1929)==
*[[William Peel, 1st Earl Peel|William Robert Wellesley Peel, 1st Earl Peel]] (1867–1937)
*[[Arthur Peel, 2nd Earl Peel|Arthur William Ashton Peel, 2nd Earl Peel]] (1901–1969) (succeeded as the '''7th Baronet''' in 1942)
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel|William James Robert Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] and 8th Baronet (born 1947)

The [[heir apparent]] is the present holder's son, Ashton Robert Gerard Peel, Viscount Clanfield (born 1976).<br />
The heir apparent's heir apparent is his son, the Hon. Nicholas Robert William Peel (born 2015).

==Peel baronets, of Drayton Manor and Bury (1800)==
*[[Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet]] (1750–1830)
*[[Robert Peel|Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet]] (1788–1850)
*[[Sir Robert Peel, 3rd Baronet]] (1822–1895)
*Sir Robert Peel, 4th Baronet (1867–1925)
*Sir Robert Peel, 5th Baronet (1898–1934)
*Sir Robert Peel, 6th Baronet (1920–1942)
:''See above for further succession.''

==Other notable members of the Peel family==
Several other members of the Peel family have also gained distinction:
* [[Lawrence Peel (judge)|Sir Lawrence Peel]] (1801–1865), son of Joseph Peel, younger brother of the first Baronet, was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court at [[Calcutta]] 1842–1855 and was admitted to the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] in 1856.
* [[William Yates Peel]] (1789–1858, second son of the first Baronet, was a politician and served as [[Under-Secretary of State for Home Affairs]] 1828–1830.
* [[Edmund Peel]] (1791–1850), third son of the first Baronet, Member of Parlament for Newcastle-under-Lyme 1831–1832 and 1835–1837.
* [[John Peel (priest)|John Peel]] (1798–1875), fourth son of the first Baronet, Dean of Worcester 1845–1874.
* [[Jonathan Peel]] (1799–1879), fifth son of the first Baronet, was a [[General (United Kingdom)|general]] in the Army and Conservative politician. He was [[Secretary of State for War]] 1858–1859 and 1866–1867.
* Edmund Yates Peel (1824–1900, son of Jonathan above), a [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|lieutenant-colonel]] in the Army, who was the father of Frederick Peel, a [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|colonel]] in the Army.
* Archibald Peel (1828–1910, son of Jonathan above), who was the father of Edward John Russell Peel (1869–1939), a [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|brigadier-general]] in the Army,
* John Peel (1829–1892, son of Jonathan above), a [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|lieutenant-general]] in the Army.
* [[Charles Lennox Peel|Sir Charles Lennox Peel]] (1823–1899), Clerk of the Council, was the son of Laurence Peel, sixth son of the first Baronet.
* [[Frederick Peel|Sir Frederick Peel]] (1823–1906), second son of the second Baronet, was a politician and Chief Railway Commissioner.
* [[William Peel (Royal Navy officer)|Sir William Peel]] (1824–1858), third son of the second Baronet, was a [[Captain (Royal Navy)|captain]] in the Royal Navy.
* Maj. Hon. [[George Peel]] (1869–1956), second son of the first Viscount, a Member of Parliament and writer on politics and economics.
* [[Sidney Peel|Sir Sidney Peel]] (1870–1938), third son of the first Viscount, sat as Member of Parliament for [[Uxbridge (UK Parliament constituency)|Uxbridge]] and was created a baronet in 1936 (see [[Peel baronets]]).
* Abram Peel (1864–1919), elected Lord Mayor of Bradford in November 1916.

==Title succession chart==
{{chart top|width=100%|Title succession chart, Peel baronets, Viscounts Peel and Earls Peel.}}
{{tree chart/start|align=center}}
{{tree chart|border=0| | | | | | | | |BDMB|BDMB=''Peel baronetcy<br />of Drayton Manor<br />and Bury''}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | |SRP1Bt|SRP1Bt=[[Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet|Sir Robert Peel<br />1st Baronet]]<br />1750–1830}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | |SRP2Bt|SRP2Bt=[[Robert Peel|Sir Robert Peel<br />2nd Baronet]]<br />1788–1850<br />'''[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister of<br />{{nowrap|the United Kingdom}}]]'''<br />1834–35, 1841–46|boxstyle_SRP2Bt=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{tree chart| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }}
{{tree chart|border=0| |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | |VP|VP=''Viscount Peel''}}
{{tree chart|SRP3Bt| |SFP| |CSWP| |JP| |AP1V|SRP3Bt=[[Sir Robert Peel, 3rd Baronet|Sir Robert Peel<br />3rd Baronet]]<br />1822–1895|SFP=[[Frederick Peel|{{nowrap|Sir Frederick Peel}}]]<br />1823–1906|CSWP=Capt.<br />[[William Peel (Royal Navy officer)|Sir William Peel]]<br />1824–1858|JP=John Peel<br />{{nowrap|1827–1910}}|AP1V='''[[Arthur Peel, 1st Viscount Peel|Arthur Peel<br />{{nowrap|1st Viscount Peel}}]]'''<br />1829–1912}}
{{tree chart| |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |)|-|~|~|V|~|~|-|v|-|~|~|7| }}
{{tree chart|border=0| |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |EP| | | | | |PB|EP=''Earl Peel''|PB=''Peel baronetcy<br />of Eyeworth''}}
{{tree chart|SRP4Bt| | | | | | | | | | | | | |WP1E| | | | | |SP1Bt|SRP4Bt=Sir Robert Peel<br />4th Baronet<br />1867–1925|WP1E='''[[William Peel, 1st Earl Peel|William Peel<br />1st Earl Peel]]'''<br />2nd Viscount Peel<br />1867–1937|SP1Bt=[[Sidney Peel|Sir Sidney Peel<br />1st Baronet]]<br />1870–1938}}
{{tree chart|border=0| |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |BX|BX=''{{nowrap|Baronetcy extinct}}''}}
{{tree chart|SRP5Bt| | | | | | | | | | | | | |AP2E|SRP5Bt=Sir Robert Peel<br />5th Baronet<br />1898–1934|AP2E='''[[Arthur Peel, 2nd Earl Peel|Arthur Peel<br />2nd Earl Peel]]'''<br />7th Baronet<br />1901–1969}}
{{tree chart| |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart|SRP6Bt| | | | | | | | | | | | | |WP3E|SRP6Bt=Sir Robert Peel<br />6th Baronet<br />1920–1942|WP3E='''[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel|William Peel<br />3rd Earl Peel]]'''<br />born 1947}}
{{tree chart|border=0|BDMB| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |BDMB=''Baronetcy inherited<br />{{nowrap|by the 2nd Earl Peel}}''}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |APVC|APVC=Ashton Peel<br />Viscount Clanfield<br />born 1976}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HNP|HNP=Hon.<br />Nicholas Peel<br />born 2015}}
{{tree chart/end}}
{{chart bottom}}

==Line of succession==
{{Collapse top|title={{Small|Line of succession}}<ref name=DP>{{cite book |year=2019|chapter=Peel, Earl |editor1-last=Morris |editor1-first=Susan |editor2-last=Bosberry-Scott |editor2-first=Wendy |editor3-last=Belfield |editor3-first=Gervase |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage|volume=1 |edition=150th |location=London |publisher=Debrett's Ltd. |publication-date=|pages=2780–2785 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn=978-1-9997-6705-1}}</ref>}}
{{Tree list}}
*[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|15px]] ''[[Arthur Peel, 2nd Earl Peel|Arthur William Ashton Peel, 2nd Earl Peel]] (1901–1969)''
**[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|15px]] '''[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel|William James Robert Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]]''' (born 1947)
***'''(1)''' Ashton Robert Gerard Peel, ''Viscount Clanfield'' (born 1976)
****'''(2)''' ''Hon.'' Nicholas Robert William Peel (born 2015)
**'''(3)''' ''Hon.'' Robert Michael Arthur Peel (born 1950)

There are further heirs to the viscountcy descended from the younger brothers of the first earl, along with heirs to the baronetcy descended from the younger sons of the first baronet.
{{Tree list/end}}
{{Collapse bottom}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). ''Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
*{{Rayment|date=February 2012}}
*{{cite DNB|wstitle=Peel, Robert (1750-1830)|volume=44}}
{{Extant British earldoms}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peel}}
[[Category:1929 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Earldoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1929]]
[[Category:Peel family|Earl]]
[[Category:Viscounts Peel| ]]
[[Category:Peel baronets| ]]