View source for Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne

{{Short description|Peerage of Scotland title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox nobility title
| name              = Earl of Strathmore {{nowrap|and Kinghorne}}
| image             = [[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|centre|130px]] [[File:Arms of the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne.svg|150px]] 
| image_size        =  
| alt               =  
| caption           = Quarterly:  ''1st and 4th, Argent a Lion rampant Azure armed and langued Gules within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the second'' (for Lyon);  ''3rd and 4th, Ermine three Bows strings palewise proper'' (for Bowes);  ''as a Royal Augmentation, granted to the holder of the Earldom only, an Inescutcheon en surtout Azure thereon a Rose Argent barbed Vert seeded Or ensigned with an Imperial Crown proper within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the second, the said Inescutcheon ensigned with an Earl's Coronet proper''.
| creation_date     = 1606 (Scottish title)<br>1937 (British title)
| creation          =  
| monarch           =  
| peerage           = [[Peerage of Scotland]] (1606)<br>[[Peerage of the United Kingdom]] (1937) 
| baronetage        =  
| first_holder      = [[Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne]] 
| last_holder       =  
| present_holder    = [[Simon Bowes-Lyon, 19th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Simon Bowes-Lyon, 19th and 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] 
| heir_apparent     =  
| heir_presumptive  = The Hon. John Fergus Bowes-Lyon 
| remainder_to      =  
| subsidiary_titles = Viscount Lyon<br>Lord Lyon and Glamis<br>Lord Glamis<br>Lord Glamis, Tannadyce, Sidlaw and Strathdichtie<br>Baron Bowes 
| status            =  
| extinction_date   =  
| family_seat       = [[Glamis Castle]] 
| former_seat       = [[Gibside]]<br>[[Streatlam Castle]]<br>[[St Paul's Walden Bury]]
| motto             = ''In Te Domine Speravi'' ("In Thee, O Lord, have I put my trust") 
| footnotes         =  
}}
'''Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne''' is a title in the [[Peerage of Scotland]] and the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]]. The earl is also [[Scottish clan chief|Chief]] of [[Clan Lyon]].

==History==  
The established history of [[Clan Lyon]] states that the family is of French origin, with the original name ''de Leonne'', but [[James Balfour Paul]], in his ''[[Scots Peerage]]'', states that the family is likely of [[Celts|Celtic]] origin. The family's earliest recorded possessions, the [[thanage]]s of Glamis, Glamis, Tannadyce and Belhelvies, were in a Celtic stronghold, while government positions held by family chiefs would have required fluency in [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]].<ref name="scots">{{cite book |last=Balfour Paul |first=Sir James |author-link=James Balfour Paul |title=The Scots Peerage |url=https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefoun08pauluoft |volume=XIII |year=1904 |publisher=D. Douglas |location=Edinburgh |pages=[https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefoun08pauluoft/page/262 262]–268}}</ref>

The first recorded family member, [[John Lyon, Lord of Glamis]], was a courtier and diplomat, who was appointed [[Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland|Keeper of the Privy Seal]] in 1371 on the accession of [[Robert II of Scotland|Robert II]]. He acquired significant lands, and on 18 March 1372, Robert II granted him "the free barony of Glamuyss in the sheriffdom of Forfar." Glamis has remained the seat of the family ever since.<ref name="scots"/> His descendant [[Patrick Lyon, 1st Lord Glamis]] was created the first '''Lord Glamis''' in the [[Peerage of Scotland]] in 1445.

In 1606, the earldom was first created as '''Earl of Kinghorne''' in the Peerage of Scotland for Patrick Lyon, the ninth Lord Glamis, who was also created '''Lord Lyon and Glamis''' at the same time.  In 1677, the designation of the earldom was changed to "Strathmore and Kinghorne" for Patrick Lyon, the third Earl. He was also granted the subsidiary titles of '''Viscount Lyon''' and '''Lord of Glamis, Tannadyce, Sidlaw and Strathdichtie'''. The 10th Earl sat in the [[House of Lords]] as a [[List of Scottish representative peers|Scottish representative peer]] from 1796 to 1806, and again from 1807 to 1812. In 1815, he was created '''Baron Bowes''' in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]], but upon his death five years later without legitimate issue, the peerage became extinct. The Scottish peerages were inherited by his younger brother, the 11th Earl. 

The 11th Earl was succeeded by his grandson, the 12th Earl, who also sat in the House of Lords as a representative peer from 1852 to 1865. He married but left no children, and the peerages were inherited by his brother, the 13th Earl, who sat in the Lords as a representative peer from 1870 until 1892. In 1887, he was created '''Baron Bowes''' of [[Streatlam Castle]], in the [[County of Durham]], and of [[Lunedale]], in the [[Yorkshire|County of York]], in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. This gave him and his successors an automatic seat in the House of Lords, which the earldom did not entitle them to until the [[Peerage Act 1963]] extended that right to all holders of Scottish peerages. The 13th Earl was succeeded by his son, the 14th Earl, who in 1937 was created '''Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne''' in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, leading to his 
becoming the ''14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne''.

The eldest son of the earl uses ''Lord Glamis'' as a [[courtesy title]]. Normally, the highest subsidiary title (in this case ''Viscount Lyon'') would be used, but Lord Glamis is used instead to prevent confusion with the [[officer of arms]], [[Lord Lyon King of Arms]].<ref>{{cite journal |date=November 2006 |title=Will the real Lord Lyon please stand up! |journal=The Armorial Register Newsletter |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=1 |publisher=The Armorial Register Ltd |url=http://armorial-register.com/monthly/newsletter-vol1-issue3.pdf |access-date=October 18, 2013 |archive-date=19 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019051430/http://armorial-register.com/monthly/newsletter-vol1-issue3.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> 
[[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]] (1900–2002) was the daughter of the [[Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]], and the sister of [[Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 15th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|the 15th Earl]].

The family seat is [[Glamis Castle]], in [[Angus, Scotland]]. Other family seats were [[Gibside]], near [[Burnopfield]], [[County Durham]] and [[Streatlam Castle]], near [[Barnard Castle]] in [[County Durham]]. The traditional burial place of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne is in an aisle of [[Glamis]] [[parish church]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Neale|first1=John Preston|last2=Moule|first2=Thomas|title=Views of the Seats of Noblemen and Gentlemen, in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland|year=1822|publisher=Sherwood, Jones and Company|page=279|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0JEZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT279|access-date=29 September 2016|language=en}}</ref>

==Thanes of Glamis (1372)==
*[[John Lyon, Lord of Glamis|John Lyon, 1st Thane of Glamis]] (died 1382)

==Masters of Glamis==
*[[John Lyon, 1st Master of Glamis]] (died 1435)

==Lords Glamis (1445)==
*[[Patrick Lyon, 1st Lord Glamis]] (died 1459)
*[[Alexander Lyon, 2nd Lord Glamis]] (died 1486)
*[[John Lyon, 3rd Lord Glamis]] (died 1497)
*[[John Lyon, 4th Lord Glamis]] (died 1500)
*[[George Lyon, 5th Lord Glamis]] (died 1505)
*[[John Lyon, 6th Lord Glamis]] ({{circa|1491}}–1528)
*[[John Lyon, 7th Lord Glamis]] ({{circa|1521}}–1558) (forfeit in 1537 but restored in 1543)
*[[John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis]] ({{circa|1544}}–1578): see also [[Thomas Lyon (of Auldbar)]], Master of Glamis.
*[[Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne|Patrick Lyon, 9th Lord Glamis]] (c. 1575–1615) (created '''Earl of Kinghorne''' in 1606)

==Earls of Kinghorne (1606)==
*[[Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne]] (c. 1575–1615)
*John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne (1596–1646)
*[[Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Kinghorne]] (1643–1695) (designation of the earldom changed to "Strathmore and Kinghorne")

==Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1677)==
*[[Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1643–1695)
*[[John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1663–1712)
**Patrick Lyon, Lord Glamis (1692–1709)
**Philip Lyon, Lord Glamis (1693–1712)
*[[John Lyon, 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1696–1715)
*[[Charles Lyon, 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (c. 1699–1728) – brother of the 5th Earl
*[[James Lyon, 7th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (c. 1702–1735) – brother of the 5th and 6th Earls
*[[Thomas Lyon, 8th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1704–1753) – brother of the 5th, 6th and 7th Earls
*[[John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1737–1776)
*[[John Bowes, 10th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1769–1820; created '''Baron Bowes''' in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1815)
*[[Thomas Lyon-Bowes, 11th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1773–1846) – brother of the 10th Earl
**Thomas George Lyon-Bowes, Lord Glamis (1801–1834)
***[[Thomas Lyon-Bowes (heir to Lord Glamis, born 1821)|Thomas Lyon-Bowes, Master of Glamis]] (1821–1821)
*[[Thomas Lyon-Bowes, 12th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1822–1865) – grandson of the 11th Earl
*[[Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1824–1904) – brother of the 12th Earl, created '''Baron Bowes''' in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1887
*[[Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Claude George Bowes-Lyon, 14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1855–1944) – maternal grandfather of [[Queen Elizabeth II]]. (created '''Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne''' in the peerage of the United Kingdom in 1937)
*[[Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 15th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 15th and 2nd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1884–1949)
**John Patrick Bowes-Lyon, Master of Glamis (1910–1941)
*[[Timothy Bowes-Lyon, 16th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Timothy Bowes-Lyon, 16th and 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1918–1972)
*[[Fergus Bowes-Lyon, 17th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Fergus Michael Claude Bowes-Lyon, 17th and 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1928–1987) – first cousin of the 16th Earl, grandson of the 14th Earl
*[[Michael Bowes-Lyon, 18th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Michael Fergus Bowes-Lyon, 18th and 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1957–2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/obituaries/18th-earl-of-strathmore-and-kinghorne-michael-fergus-bowes-lyon-1.926425|title=18th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Michael Fergus Bowes-Lyon|date=29 February 2016|work=[[The Courier (Dundee)]]|access-date=30 September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313221211/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/obituaries/18th-earl-of-strathmore-and-kinghorne-michael-fergus-bowes-lyon-1.926425|archive-date=13 March 2016}}</ref>
* [[Simon Bowes-Lyon, 19th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Simon Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 19th and 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (b. 1986)
The [[heir presumptive]] is the present’s holder's younger brother  Hon. John Fergus Bowes-Lyon (b. 1988)<br>
The heir presumptive’s [[heir apparent]] is his son, Albemarle John Bowes-Lyon (b. 2023)

==Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1937)==
*[[Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1855–1944), father-in-law of [[George VI]], was created Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne in the [[peerage of the United Kingdom]] in 1937, as a time when Scottish peers did not automatically have seats in the House of Lords. Subsequent earls have also inherited this peerage.

==Line of succession==
{{Tree list}}
*[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|15px]] ''[[Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Claude George Bowes-Lyon, 14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1855–1944)''
**[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|15px]] ''[[Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 15th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 15th and 2nd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1884–1949)''
***''John Bowes-Lyon, Master of Glamis (1910–1941)''
***[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|15px]] ''[[Timothy Bowes-Lyon, 16th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Timothy Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 16th and 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1918–1972)''
**''The Hon. [[Michael Bowes-Lyon (British Army officer)|Michael Claude Bowes-Lyon]] (1893–1953)''
***[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|15px]] ''[[Fergus Bowes-Lyon, 17th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Fergus Michael Claude Bowes-Lyon, 17th and 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1928–1987)''
****[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|15px]] ''[[Michael Bowes-Lyon, 18th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Michael Fergus Bowes-Lyon, 18th and 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (1957–2016)''
*****[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|15px]] '''[[Simon Bowes-Lyon, 19th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Simon Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 19th and 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] (born 1986)'''
*****'''(1)''' The Hon. John Bowes-Lyon (born 1988)
******'''(2)''' Albemarle Bowes-Lyon (born 2023)
*****'''(3)''' The Hon. George Bowes-Lyon (born 1991)
**''The Hon. [[David Bowes-Lyon|Sir David Bowes-Lyon]] (1902–1961)''
***'''(4)''' [[Simon Bowes-Lyon|Sir Simon Bowes-Lyon]] (born 1932)
****'''(5)''' Fergus Bowes-Lyon (born 1970)
****'''(6)''' David Bowes-Lyon (born 1973)
*****'''(7)''' William Bowes-Lyon
****'''(8)''' Andrew Bowes-Lyon (born 1979)
{{Tree list/end}}

==Family tree==
{{Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne family tree}}

==Arms==
{{Infobox COA wide|name=the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne
|image=[[File:Coat of Arms of the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne.svg|250px|center]] 
|bannerimage=
|badgeimage=
|notes=
|crest= Between two Slips of Laurel a Demi Lady to the girdle habited and holding in her right hand a Thistle all prope.
|torse=
|helm=
|escutcheon= Quarterly: 1st and 4th, Argent a Lion rampant Azure armed and langued Gules within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the second (for Lyon); 3rd and 4th, Ermine three Bows strings palewise proper (for Bowes); as a Royal Augmentation, granted to the holder of the Earldom only, an Inescutcheon en surtout Azure thereon a Rose Argent barbed Vert seeded Or ensigned with an Imperial Crown proper within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the second, the said Inescutcheon ensigned with an Earl's Coronet proper.
|supporters= On the dexter side an Unicorn Argent armed unguled maned and tufted Or, and on the sinister side a Lion per fess Or and Gules.
|compartment=
|motto= In Te Domine Speravi (In Thee, O Lord, have I put my trust)
|orders=
|other_elements=
|banner=
|symbolism=The Arms of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne are famous for being [[canting arms|canting]] as they represent the name of the holders of the title: Bowes-Lyon in that they feature bows and lions.|previous_versions=}}

==See also==
*[[Bowes-Lyon family]]
*[[Clan Lyon]]
*records of the County Durham estates are held by [[Durham County Record Office]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Extant British earldoms}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Strathmore And Kinghorne}}
[[Category:Earldoms in the Peerage of Scotland]]
[[Category:Bowes-Lyon family|*]]
[[Category:Clan Lyon]]
[[Category:Earldoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1372 establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1606]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1937]]