View source for Eastern Orphean warbler

{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Curruca crassirostris 91619419 (cropped).jpg
| image_caption = In [[Lesbos]], [[Greece]]
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2019 |title=''Curruca crassirostris'' |amends=2016 |article-number=e.T22734793A155624874 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22734793A155624874.en|access-date=20 October 2022}}</ref>
| taxon = Curruca crassirostris
| authority = ([[Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar|Cretzschmar]], 1830)
| synonyms = ''Sylvia crassirostris''
}}

The '''eastern Orphean warbler''' ('''''Curruca crassirostris''''') is an [[Old World warbler]] of the [[genus]] ''Curruca''. This [[species]] occurs in summer around the [[Mediterranean]], through the [[Balkans]] via [[Turkey]], the [[Caucasus]] and surrounding regions to [[Central Asia]]. It is [[bird migration|migratory]], wintering in sub-[[Sahara]]n Africa.<ref>{{cite book|title=Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus ''Sylvia'', in: Shirihai, Hadoram: ''Sylvia warblers'': 24-29. |author=Helbig, A. J.  |date=2001 |publisher=Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. |isbn=0-691-08833-0}}</ref>

At 15–16&nbsp;cm length—somewhat larger than a [[blackcap]]—this is one of the largest species of typical warblers. The adult males have a plain grey back. The bill is long and pointed and the legs black. The male has a dark grey head, black eye mask, and white throat. The iris is white. Females and immatures have a paler head and reddish underparts; their grey back has a brownish tinge. The iris is dark in young birds. It is difficult to visually distinguish from the [[Western Orphean warbler]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hamza |first=Foued |last2=Hanane |first2=Saâd |last3=Almalki |first3=Mohammed |last4=Chokri |first4=Mohamed-Ali |date=2022-10-17 |title=How urbanization and industrialization shape breeding bird species occurrence in coastal Mediterranean oasis system |journal=Urban Ecosystems |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=185–196 |doi=10.1007/s11252-022-01271-2 |issn=1083-8155}}</ref>

The song is a series of warbling ''{{Not a typo|liroo-liroo}}'' and scolding notes. Its song is more varied than that of the [[western Orphean warbler]],<ref name="Snow">{{cite book|title=The complete birds of the western Palaearctic on CD-ROM |author=Snow, David W. |author2=Perrins, Christopher M. |author3=Doherty, Paul |author4=Cramp, Stanley |name-list-style=amp|date=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-268579-1}}</ref> approaching the [[Nightingale]] in richness.<ref name="Snow" />

These small [[passerine]] birds<ref>{{cite book|title=A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri). ''[[Zoologica Scripta|Zool. Scripta]]'' 35(2): 149–186. (HTML abstract) |author=Jønsson, Knud A. |author2=Fjeldså, Jon |name-list-style=amp|date=2006 |doi=10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x|s2cid=85317440 }}</ref> are found in open [[deciduous]] woodland. 4–6 eggs are laid in a nest in a bush or tree. Like most "warblers", the eastern Orphean warbler is a [[nectarivore]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shalu |first=Mesaria |last2=Shruti |first2=Patel |last3=Pratik |first3=Desai |last4=Nishith |first4=Dharaiya |date=2023-05-05 |title=Food from the Neighbors: Sloth Bear Savoring the Debris Left by Tourists and Locals in Eco-Sensitive Zone of Chhota Udepur District, Gujarat, India |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society |volume=76 |issue=2 |pages=202–204 |doi=10.1007/s12595-023-00484-3 |issn=0373-5893}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
*{{Grocers|title=[no title cited]}}
*{{WD1913|title=[no title cited]}}

== External links ==
* [http://aulaenred.ibercaja.es/wp-content/uploads/369_OrpheanWarblerShortensis.pdf Ageing and sexing (PDF) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108185443/http://aulaenred.ibercaja.es/wp-content/uploads/369_OrpheanWarblerShortensis.pdf |date=2016-11-08 }}
* {{Wikisource-inline|list=
** {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Beccafico|year=1905 |short=x |noicon=x}}
** {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Beccafico|short=x |noicon=x}}
** {{Cite Americana|wstitle=Beccafico |short=x |noicon=x}}
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q110257499|from2=Q27075547}}

[[Category:Curruca|eastern Orphean warbler]]
[[Category:Birds of Europe]]
[[Category:Birds of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Birds of West Asia]]
[[Category:Birds of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Birds of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Birds of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Wintering birds of East Africa]]
[[Category:Wintering birds of South Asia]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1830|eastern Orphean warbler]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar|eastern Orphean warbler]]