View source for Edward Vernon

{{Short description|British naval officer (1684–1757)}}
{{for|the admiral who commanded the East Indies Station|Edward Vernon (Royal Navy officer, born 1723)}}
{{other people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Admiral (Royal Navy)|Admiral]]
| name          = Edward Vernon
| image         = Edward Vernon by Thomas Gainsborough.jpg
| image_size    =
| caption       = Admiral Edward "Old Grog" Vernon. ''[[Portrait of Edward Vernon]]'' by [[Thomas Gainsborough]], 1753
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1684|11|12|df=y}}
| death_date    = {{death date and age|1757|10|30|1684|11|12|df=y}}
| birth_place   = [[Westminster]], [[London]], [[England]]
| death_place   = [[Nacton]], [[Suffolk]], England
| nickname      = "Old Grog"
| allegiance    = {{flag|Kingdom of England}}<br>{{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}}
| branch        = {{navy|Kingdom of Great Britain}}
| serviceyears  = 1700–1746
| rank          = [[Admiral (Royal Navy)|Admiral]]
| unit          = 
| commands      = {{plainlist|
*HMS ''Dolphin''
*{{HMS|Rye|1696|6}}
*{{HMS|Association|1697|6}}
*{{HMS|Jersey|1698|6}}
*{{HMS|Assistance|1660|6}}
*{{HMS|Mary|1704|6}}
*{{HMS|Grafton|1709|6}}
*[[Commander-in-chief]] [[Jamaica Station (Royal Navy)|Jamaica Station]]
*Commander-in-chief [[North Sea]]
}}
| battles       = {{Tree list}}
* [[War of the Spanish Succession]]
** [[Capture of Gibraltar]]
** [[Battle of Vélez-Málaga]]
** [[Siege of Barcelona (1705)]]
* [[War of Jenkins' Ear]]
** [[Battle of Porto Bello (1739)|Battle of Portobelo (1739)]]
** [[Battle of Cartagena de Indias]]
** [[Invasion of Cuba (1741)]]
{{Tree list/end}}
| awards        = 
| laterwork     = {{plainlist|
*[[Member of Parliament|MP]] for [[Penryn (UK Parliament constituency)|Penryn]]
*[[Member of Parliament|MP]] for [[Ipswich (UK Parliament constituency)|Ipswich]]
}}
}}

[[Admiral (Royal Navy)|Admiral]] '''Edward Vernon''' (12 November 1684 – 30 October 1757) was a [[Royal Navy]] officer and politician. He had a long and distinguished career, rising to the rank of [[Admiral (Royal Navy)|admiral]] after 46 years service. As a [[Vice admiral (Royal Navy)|vice admiral]] during the [[War of Jenkins' Ear]], in 1739 he was responsible for the capture of [[Portobelo, Panama]], seen as expunging the failure of [[Francis Hosier|Admiral Hosier]] there in a previous conflict. However, [[Battle of Cartagena de Indias|his amphibious operation]] against the Spanish port of [[Cartagena de Indias]] was a disastrous defeat. Vernon also served as a [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) on three occasions and was outspoken on naval matters in Parliament, making him a controversial figure.

The origin of the name "[[grog]]" for rum diluted with water is attributed to Vernon. He was known for wearing coats made of [[Grosgrain#Etymology|grogram]] (also spelled grosgrain) cloth, earning him the nickname of "Old Grog", which in turn came to mean the diluted rum that he first introduced into his naval squadron. He is also the eponym of [[George Washington]]'s estate  [[Mount Vernon]], and thereby [[Mount Vernon (disambiguation)|the many places in the United States named after it]]. 

==Early life==
Born in [[Westminster, London]], Vernon was the second son of [[James Vernon (politician, born 1646)|James Vernon]], [[Secretary of State (England)|secretary of state]] to [[William III of England|William III]]. Edward had one other sibling, [[James Vernon the younger|James]] who became [[List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Denmark|British envoy to Denmark]] and served as a member of parliament and [[Clerk of the Privy Council (United Kingdom)|Clerk of the Privy Council]]. Vernon briefly attended [[Westminster School]], then joined the [[Royal Navy]] on 10 May 1700 as a ''Volunteer per order'' on board {{HMS|Shrewsbury|1695|6}}. Vernon's secondary education was sharply at odds with the norm for Royal Navy officers of his day, most of whom received an elementary education before they were sent to sea at about the age of twelve.

==War of the Spanish Succession==
{{Main|War of the Spanish Succession}}
In March 1701, he was transferred to {{HMS|Ipswich|1694|6}} and three months later, joined {{HMS|Mary|1704|6}}. On 16 September 1702, Vernon was promoted [[lieutenant]] and appointed to {{HMS|Lennox|1678|6}} serving in the [[English Channel|Channel]] Squadron. The ship was later transferred to the [[Mediterranean]] and finally paid off in March 1704. He was then appointed to {{HMS|Barfleur|1697|6}}, which at the time was the flagship of Admiral [[Cloudesley Shovell]] in the Mediterranean. The ship was present at the [[capture of Gibraltar]] and the [[Battle of Málaga (1704)|Battle of Málaga]]. 
[[Image:Battle of Malaga, 1704.jpg|left|thumb|The ''Battle of Malaga'' (1704) by [[Isaac Sailmaker]]]] 
In December, with Shovell, he transferred to {{HMS|Britannia|1682|6}} and was present at the [[Siege of Barcelona (1705)|capture]] of [[Barcelona]] in 1705.

On 22 January 1706, he was promoted [[Captain (naval)|captain]] and appointed to HMS ''Dolphin''. However, he was moved ten days later into {{HMS|Rye|1696|6}} and remained in the Mediterranean until 1707. With the rest of Shovell's fleet, he returned to England, but was fortunate to escape the disaster that befell Shovell's flagship, {{HMS|Association|1697|6}} at the [[Isles of Scilly]]. In November, he joined {{HMS|Jersey|1698|6}} and in April 1708, took command of the West Indies station. In 1710, he successfully broke up a Spanish squadron off Cartagena. At the end of the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] in 1712, he returned to Britain.

{{clear}}

===Peace, promotion and Parliament===
In March 1715, he was appointed to {{HMS|Assistance|1660|6}}, in which he served in the [[Baltic Sea|Baltic]] until 1717, when the ship was paid off. After this, he was put on [[half pay]] for the next eighteen months. In March 1719, he was appointed to HMS ''Mary'' and returned to the Baltic. Vernon was the [[Commodore (rank)|commodore]] on the [[Jamaica Station (Royal Navy)|Jamaica Station]] in 1720.<ref name=cundall>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924020417527#page/n27/mode/2up|title=Historic Jamaica|first=Frank|last=Cundall|publisher=West India Committee|year=1915|page=xx}}</ref>

In 1721, he again went on half pay for five years. During this period, he became the [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Penryn (UK Parliament constituency)|Penryn]], a seat his father had represented,<ref>{{HistoryofParliament|1715|author=[[Eveline Cruickshanks]]|title=VERNON, Edward (1684-1757), of Nacton, nr. Ipswich, Suff.|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1715-1754/member/vernon-edward-1684-1757|accessdate=23 November 2022}}</ref> and took a leading part in naval debates.

In 1726, he was re-appointed to active service in {{HMS|Grafton|1709|6}}. This ship served in the Baltic until the winter of 1727, when it was transferred to the fleet at Gibraltar after [[Spain]] declared war on Britain. In May 1728, peace was made with Spain, and Vernon returned to Britain and resumed his Parliamentary duties. He took up the case of the Welshman [[Robert Jenkins (master mariner)|Robert Jenkins]], a [[Merchant shipping|merchant seaman]] who claimed to have had his ear cut off after his vessel was boarded by Spanish privateers ''Coast guards or privateers guardacostas'' in 1731.

==War of Jenkins' Ear==
[[File:The seat of war in the West Indies 1740.jpg|thumb|English map published in 1740 to build support for the [[War of Jenkins' Ear|ongoing war against Spain]] and to incite to the conquest of [[Havana]]. This city's plan and view are based in part on Vernon's sketches.]]
{{Main|War of Jenkins' Ear}}

The accumulation of Spanish-British conflicts led to the [[War of Jenkins' Ear]] in 1739, in which Vice Admiral Vernon led a fleet along with [[Major General]] [[Thomas Wentworth (general)|Thomas Wentworth]]. Vernon captured [[Portobelo, Panama]], a Spanish colonial possession, as a result of which he was granted the [[Freedom of the City of London]]. However, Vernon's next campaign against the Spanish, a large-scale [[Battle of Cartagena de Indias|assault on Cartagena de Indias]] in 1741, ended in disaster. After initial success, the British fleet of 186 ships and around 12,000 infantry was defeated by a garrison of 3,500 men and the sailors disembarked from the six [[ships of the line]] commanded by the one-eyed, one-legged and one-armed Spanish admiral [[Blas de Lezo]]. As disease spread among the British troops, delaying tactics by the Spaniards and a failed assault on the last fortification defending the city led a council of war to decide to abandon the siege and withdraw to [[Jamaica]]. The assault was further marred by bitter quarrels with Wentworth. After a further year and a half ineffectually campaigning in the Caribbean, Vernon was recalled back to England to find he had been elected MP for [[Ipswich (UK Parliament constituency)|Ipswich]].

During the [[War of Jenkins' Ear]], Vernon was promoted [[Admiral (Royal Navy)#History|vice admiral of the blue]] on 9 July 1739 and, as he had prominently spoken for both the war and the Navy, he was given the command of a squadron of six ships assigned to the [[Jamaica Station (Royal Navy)|Jamaica Station]].<ref name=cundall/> ''[[The Gentleman's Magazine]]'' reported England's preparations for war against Spain in July 1739, noting that Vernon had been recalled to active duty and promoted; that, on 10 July King George II had instructed the Lords of the Admiralty to prepare [[Letter of marque|''Letters of Marque'']]; and (a week after the fact) it reported Vernon and his squadron had sailed for the [[West Indies]] on 20 July.<ref>''The Gentleman's Magazine'', [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015020065242&seq=377 "''Historical Chronicle: Tuesday, 31 July''"] Vol. 9, July 1739, pp. 383 and 384; accessed 13 June 2024.</ref>

Despite the unmistakable signs of Great Britain preparing for a naval war in the summer of 1739, the formal declaration of war against Spain was not announced in London until Saturday, 23 October 1739.<ref>''The Gentleman's Magazine'', [http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ilej/image1.pl?item=page&seq=4&size=1&id=gm.1739.10.x.9.x.x.551 "Historical Chronicle" Saturday 23 October] Vol. 9, October 1739, page 551; accessed 13 May 2010.</ref>

===Portobelo===
{{Main|Battle of Porto Bello (1739)}}
[[Image:Samuel_Scott_2.jpg|thumb|''[[The Capture of Puerto Bello]]'' by [[Samuel Scott (painter)|Samuel Scott]], 1740]] On 21 November 1739 Vernon captured the [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] colonial possession of [[Portobelo, Panama]] (now in [[Panama]]) using just six ships (against the 90-man Spanish garrison). Vernon was subsequently granted the [[Freedom of the City#Freedom of the City of London|Freedom of the City of London]] and commemorative medals were produced.  The Portobello areas in [[London]], [[Dublin]] and Edinburgh (see [[Portobello Road]] and [[Portobello, Dublin]]) are named after this victory, and "[[Rule, Britannia!]]" was composed by [[Thomas Arne]] during the celebrations in 1740. A tower commemorating his victory was erected by members of the Vernon family living at [[Hilton Hall]] outside [[Wolverhampton]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hiltonhall.co.uk/history|title=History of Hilton Hall|access-date=16 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909064845/http://www.hiltonhall.co.uk/history|archive-date=9 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:AdmiralHosier'sGhost.jpg|thumb|300px|The Ghost of Hosier appears to Vernon as he rests at anchor after his victory. Coloured etching by C. Mosley, July 1740. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich (PW 3959)]]

===Addressed by Hosier's Ghost===
Vernon's action was seen by the "Patriots", or pro-war party opposed to [[Robert Walpole]], as just vengeance for [[Francis Hosier|Admiral Hosier]]'s disastrous [[blockade of Porto Bello]] during 1726–1728, where with a greater force of 20 ships, and Portobelo inadequately defended, government orders forbade him from firing a shot, leaving him and some 4,000 sailors to linger ineffectually off the shore and to die of tropical disease. The ballad "Admiral Hosier's Ghost" was written by [[Richard Glover (poet)|Richard Glover]] following Vernon's triumph as an attempt to remind Walpole of his previous failed policy of inaction and to check any basking in Vernon's glory on his part. In the ballad, the ghost of Hosier appears to Vernon as he rests at anchor following his successful engagement, and congratulates him:
<blockquote>
Unrepining at thy glory<br />
Thy successful arms we hail.<br />
</blockquote>
He then charges him to ''let Hosier's wrongs prevail'' when he returns to England, upon which he and his fellow ghosts can finally rest, their reputations restored. The first half of verse 7 is thus:
<blockquote>
For resistance I could fear none<br />
But with twenty ships had done<br />
What thou brave and happy Vernon<br />
Hast atchiev'd with six alone.<br />
</blockquote>

===Cartagena de Indias===
{{Main|Battle of Cartagena de Indias}}
[[File:Defensa de Cartagena de Indias por la escuadra de D. Blas de Lezo, año 1741.jpg|thumb|left|[[Battle of Cartagena de Indias|Attack of the British army on Cartagena de Indias]] commanded by Vice Admiral Edward Vernon]]
[[File:Medalla Lezo y Vernon.jpg|thumb|185px|British medal commemorating the expected victory of Cartagena de Indias, that actually ended in defeat. It shows Vernon looking down upon the Spanish admiral [[Blas de Lezo]] ("Don Blass"). The medal says "The pride of Spain humbled by ad. Vernon". [[Museo Naval de Madrid]], [[Spain]].]]
In 1741 he commanded a great fleet formed by one hundred and ninety-five ships and around thirty thousand men whose objective was to take the Spanish port of Cartagena de Indias, main port of the Viceroyalty of New Granada, defended by the Spanish admiral Blas de Lezo. The British fleet totaled two thousand cannons arranged in almost one hundred and eighty ships, including three-bridge ships (eight), ships of the line (twenty-eight), frigates (twelve), bombards (two) and transport ships (one hundred and thirty), and around thirty thousand combatants including sailors (fifteen thousand), soldiers (nine thousand regulars and four thousand from the American militias) and black slaves from Jamaica (four thousand).

The defences of Cartagena included three thousand men among regular troops (about one thousand seven hundred and eighty), militiamen (five hundred), six hundred Indians brought from the interior, plus the seamen and landing troops of the six warships that the city had (one hundred and fifty men): the ''Galicia'', which was the captain ship, the ''San Felipe'', the ''San Carlos'', the ''África'', the ''Dragón'' and the ''Conquistador''. After taking some of the city's defences, the British assault on the castle San Felipe de Barajas, the last important bastion defending it, failed on April 20; with a large part of the troops ill, heavy casualties suffered in the fighting and the arrival of the rainy season, the British opted to destroy the defences within their reach and abandon the siege.

British losses were very heavy: some four thousand five hundred dead, six ships lost and between seventeen and twenty badly damaged.4 The latter forced the British Government to concentrate its forces on the defence of the metropolis, the northern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, and to discard new campaigns in the Spanish colonies in America.4 The defeat at Cartagena derailed British plans for the campaign and allowed Spanish rule in the region to continue for several more decades.5 The British, certain that they were going to take the victory, had rushed to mint coins and medals to celebrate it.6 These medals read on their obverse: "British heroes took Cartagena April 1, 1741" and "Spanish pride humiliated by Vernon. "76

Vernon's expedition continued its operations in the Caribbean without further success after the failed attack on Santiago de Cuba, thanks to the defence plan deployed by Governor Francisco Cagigal de la Vega and the French engineer Francisco de Langle.8 Vernon returned to England with the bulk of the fleet in 1742.

At the end of May 1741, the British forces in the Caribbean decided [[Invasion of Cuba (1741)|to attack Cuba]]. Vernon captured [[Guantánamo Bay (Cuba)|Guantánamo Bay]], briefly renaming it Cumberland Bay. He arrived with a force of eight warships and 4,000 soldiers with plans to march on [[Santiago de Cuba]], but finally abandoned the half-hearted attempt in December after sickness broke out again. Vernon could no longer hold back his anger at what he perceived as Wentworth's ineptitude and a bitter quarrel ensued ending in the recall of both parties to Britain at the end of 1742.

==Further political career, naval innovation and death ==
While he had been away, Vernon had been elected MP for [[Ipswich (UK Parliament constituency)|Ipswich]], after having purchased the [[Orwell Park]] estate in [[Nacton]], [[Suffolk]]. Vernon returned to [[Parliament of Great Britain|Parliament]] and continued to harass the government on naval affairs. In 1745, Vernon was promoted to [[admiral]] and appointed to command the North Sea Fleet in response to the threat from the French forces in support of [[Charles Edward Stuart]] ("Bonnie Prince Charlie"). This was his last operational command. When the Admiralty refused to grant him the status of [[Commander-in-Chief]], he asked to be relieved on 1 December 1745.<ref>Hartman, Cyril H. ''The Angry Admiral: The Later Career of Edward Vernon, Admiral of the White''. William Heinemann Ltd. London: 1953.</ref> Vernon's naval career had, however, a controversial ending. He wrote two pamphlets about his disagreements with the Admiralty. The first was entitled "A Specimen of Naked Truth from a British Sailor" and the second "Some Seasonal Advice from an Honest Sailor". As a result, the Admiralty brought the matter to King George II who advised to have his name removed from the navy flag list. He was dismissed on 11 April 1746.<ref>{{cite book|last=Vernon|first=Edward|title=Original Letters to an Honest Sailor|year=1746|location=London|pages=94}}</ref> After this, his political career was seen to go into decline, although he held on to his Ipswich seat in the [[1754 British general election|1754 general election]] despite a stiff challenge.<ref>{{HistoryofParliament|1754|author=Sir [[Lewis Namier]]|title=VERNON, Edward (1684-1757), of Nacton, nr. Ipswich, Suff.|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1754-1790/member/vernon-edward-1684-1757|accessdate=23 November 2022}}</ref>

Throughout his career, Vernon had tried to improve naval procedures and encouraged his captains to improve manoeuvres and gun drill. He introduced new instructions to improve the flexibility of handling fleets in battle and formed the basis of continuing improvement to Admiralty fighting instructions by subsequent naval commanders.<ref>''Precursors of Nelson: British Admirals of the Eighteenth Century''; edited by Peter Le Fevre & Richard Harding; Stackpole Books (London: 2000); Chapter 6 "Edward Vernon" pp. 151-176</ref> Vernon continued to serve in Parliament and remained active in the interest of naval affairs until his death at [[Nacton]] on 30 October 1757.<ref>Palmer, Michael A. ''Command of the Sea: Naval Command and Control since the Sixteenth Century''. Harvard University Press. London:2005, pp. 101-104</ref>

His enduring claim to fame was his 1740 order that his sailors' [[rum]] should be diluted with water. In 1740, supposedly calling the new drink "[[grog]]" after Vernon's [[nickname]] "Old Grog", attributed to his habitual wearing of a [[grogram]] coat.<ref>Pack, James. ''Nelson's Blood: The Story of Naval Rum''. Naval Institute Press. Annapolis:1982, chapter 1 "Old Grogram", pp. 1-18.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wordsmith.org/words/grogram.html |title=Grogram |publisher=Wordsmith.org |date=15 July 2014 |access-date=15 July 2014}}</ref> Some writers have claimed that Vernon also added citrus juice to prevent spoilage and that it was found to prevent [[scurvy]]. Scurvy is not mentioned in Vernon's order, in which he instructed his captains to dilute the sailors' daily allowance of rum with water, "which those that are good husbandmen may from the saving of their salt provisions and bread, purchase sugar and limes to make more palatable to them."<sup>[[Grog|<nowiki>]</nowiki>]]</sup><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Vernon Papers.|last=Ranft.|first=B., L.|publisher=Navy Records Society|volume=MCMLVII|location=London|pages=417–419}}</ref>

Scurvy, a disease of long ocean voyages—not of squadrons operating among islands where there was an abundance of fruits and fresh foodstuffs—was seen by the medical establishment (incorrectly) as the consequence of poor digestion and internal putrefaction.<sup>[[Grog|[4]]]</sup> Standard medical remedies focused on 'gingering up' the system by imbibing a variety of (ineffective) fizzy or fermenting drinks.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vale|first=Brian|year=2008|title=The Conquest of Scurvy in the Royal Navy 1793-1800: a Challenge to Current Orthodoxy|journal=The Mariner's Mirror|volume=94|issue=2|pages=160–175|doi=10.1080/00253359.2008.10657052|s2cid=162207993}}</ref> Until an official daily issue of lemon juice was introduced into the Royal Navy in 1795, scurvy continued to be a debilitating disease which destroyed men and disabled ships and whole fleets. Practical seamen and surgeons, however, had known from practical experience that vitamin C, in the form of citrus juice, cured scurvy. In  1795, in defiance of medical opinion, the Admiralty and the admirals introduced lemon juice and sugar as a regular part of the naval diet.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Physician to the Fleet; the Life and Times of Thomas Trotter 1760-1832.|last1=Vale |first1=Brian |last2=Edwards |first2=Griffith |publisher=The Boydell Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-84383-604-9 |location=Woodbridge |pages=29–33}}</ref> When a few years later Spain allied itself with France and lemons became unobtainable, West Indian limes were substituted. It was from this time that British obtained the nickname ''[[limey]]s''.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

==Mount Vernon==
[[George Washington]]'s elder [[half-brother]], [[Lawrence Washington (1718–1752)|Lawrence Washington]], served on Vernon's [[flagship]] HMS ''[[HMS Ranelagh (1697)|Princess Caroline]]'' (an 80-gun [[three-decker]]) as a [[Captain (land)|captain]] of [[Royal Marines]] in 1741.  He named his Virginia estate [[Mount Vernon (plantation)|Mount Vernon]] in honour of his former commander,<ref>Ranft, Brian, editor. ''The Vernon Papers''. Naval Records Society, vol. 99. London: 1958</ref> a name retained by George Washington.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Harding|first=Richard|encyclopedia=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] |title=Vernon, Edward (1684–1757) |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/28237|access-date=18 July 2010 |edition= online |year=2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/28237|url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite EB1911|wstitle = Vernon, Edward|volume=27}}
* {{cite DNB|wstitle= Vernon, Edward (1684-1757)|volume=58|first=John Knox|last= Laughton}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Edward Vernon}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070715211559/http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_edward_vernon.htm Vernon biography at the Royal Naval Museum]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=1dVbAAAAQAAJ Original Letters to an Honest Sailor]

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{{s-bef | before=Vacant<br><small>(Last held by [[Hovenden Walker|Sir Hovenden Walker]])</small>}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Jamaica Station (Royal Navy)|Commander-in-Chief, Jamaica Station]]| years=1720}}
{{s-aft | after=Vacant<br><small>(Next held by [[Francis Hosier]])</small>}}
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{{s-bef | before=[[Chaloner Ogle|Sir Chaloner Ogle]]}}
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{{s-aft | after=[[Chaloner Ogle|Sir Chaloner Ogle]]}}
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{{s-par|gb}}
{{succession box 
  | title   = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Penryn (UK Parliament constituency)|Penryn]]
  | years   = 1722&ndash;1734
  | with    = [[Sidney Meadows]] 1722&ndash;1727
  | with2   = [[Sir Cecil Bishopp, 6th Baronet|Sir Cecil Bishopp]] 1727&ndash;1734
  | before  = [[William Godolphin, Marquess of Blandford|Viscount Rialton]] 
  | before2 = [[Samuel Trefusis]]
  | after   = [[Sir Richard Mill, 5th Baronet|Sir Richard Mill]]
  | after2  = [[John Clavering (died 1762)|John Clavering]]
}}
{{succession box
 | title =  [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Portsmouth (UK Parliament constituency)|Portsmouth]]
 | years =   February 1741 - April 1741
 | with  =  [[Philip Cavendish]]
 | before =[[Charles Stewart (Royal Navy officer)|Charles Stewart]]
 | after =[[Martin Bladen]]
}}
{{succession box 
  | title   = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Ipswich (UK Parliament constituency)|Ipswich]]
  | years   = 1741&ndash;1757
  | with    = [[Samuel Kent (MP)|Samuel Kent]]
  | before  = [[William Wollaston (Ipswich MP elected 1733)|William Wollaston]]
  | before2 = [[Samuel Kent (MP)|Samuel Kent]]
  | after   = [[Thomas Staunton (Ipswich MP)|Thomas Staunton]]
  | after2  = [[Samuel Kent (MP)|Samuel Kent]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

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[[Category:1684 births]]
[[Category:1757 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Nacton]]
[[Category:Royal Navy admirals]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Westminster]]
[[Category:People educated at Westminster School, London]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Ipswich]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Penryn]]
[[Category:British MPs 1722–1727]]
[[Category:British MPs 1727–1734]]
[[Category:British MPs 1741–1747]]
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