View source for Edwin Lutyens

{{Short description|English architect (1869–1944)}}
{{redirect|Lutyens|other uses|Lutyens (disambiguation)}}
{{use British English|date=January 2017}}
'''{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}'''
{{Infobox architect
| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]
| name = Edwin Lutyens
| honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|OM|KCIE|PRA|FRIBA}}
| image = Edwin_Lutyens.jpg
| image_size = 220
| caption = Lutyens in 1921
| birth_name = Edwin Landseer Lutyens
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1869|3|29}}
| birth_place = [[Kensington]], London, England
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1944|1|1|1869|3|29}}
| death_place = [[Marylebone]], London, England<ref>{{cite web |publisher = [[Findmypast]] |title = England & Wales Deaths 1837–2007 |url = http://search.findmypast.co.uk/results/world-records/england-and-wales-deaths-1837-2007?firstname=edwin&lastname=lutyens }}</ref>
| alma_mater = [[Royal College of Art]]
| awards = 
| practice = 
| significant_buildings = {{Plainlist|
* [[Castle Drogo]]
* [[India Gate]]
* [[Thiepval Memorial]]
* [[100 King Street]]
* [[The Cenotaph, Whitehall]]
* [[Lindisfarne Castle]]
* [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]]
* [[Hyderabad House]]
}}
| significant_projects = [[New Delhi]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Lady Emily Bulwer-Lytton]]|1897}}
| children = 5, including [[Robert Lutyens|Robert]], [[Elisabeth Lutyens|Elisabeth]] and [[Mary Lutyens|Mary]]
| parents = {{Plainlist|
* [[Charles Augustus Henry Lutyens]]
* Mary Theresa Gallwey
}}
}}

'''Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|OM|KCIE|PRA|FRIBA}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ʌ|t|j|ə|n|z}} {{Respell|LUT|yənz}}; 29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url = https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edwin-Lutyens |title = Sir Edwin Lutyens {{!}} British architect |encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=31 August 2018}}</ref>) was an English architect known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He designed many [[English country house]]s, [[war memorial]]s and public buildings. In his biography, the writer [[Christopher Hussey (historian)|Christopher Hussey]] wrote, "In his lifetime (Lutyens) was widely held to be our greatest architect since [[Christopher Wren|Wren]] if not, as many maintained, his superior".{{sfn|Hussey|1989|p=xvii}} The architectural historian [[Gavin Stamp]] described him as "surely the greatest British architect of the twentieth (or of any other) century".{{sfn|Stamp|2007|p=10}}

Lutyens played an instrumental role in the [[construction of New Delhi]], which would later on serve as the seat of the [[Government of India]].{{sfn|Vale|1992|p=92}} In recognition of his contribution, a part of New Delhi is known as "[[Lutyens' Delhi]]". In collaboration with Sir [[Herbert Baker]], he was also the main architect of several monuments in New Delhi such as the [[India Gate]]; he also designed the Viceroy's House, which is now known as the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]].
Many of his works were inspired by Indian architecture.{{sfn|Goodman|Chant|1999|p=320}}{{sfn|Pile|2005|p=320}} He was elected Master of the [[Art Workers' Guild]] in 1933.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.artworkersguild.org/media/2358/past-master-list.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.artworkersguild.org/media/2358/past-master-list.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|title=Past Master List|publisher=Art Workers' Guild}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/the-rise-and-fall-and-rise-of-edwin-lutyens|title=The rise and fall and rise of Edwin Lutyens|journal=The Architectural Review|date=19 November 1981|author=Stamp. G}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Lutyens was born in [[Kensington]], London,<ref>{{cite web |title=England & Wales Births 1837–2006|publisher=Findmypast |url = http://search.findmypast.co.uk/results/world-records/england-and-wales-births-1837-2006?firstname=edwin&lastname=lutyens |url-access=subscription}}</ref> the tenth of thirteen children of Mary Theresa Gallwey (1832/33–1906) from [[Killarney]], Ireland, and Captain [[Charles Augustus Henry Lutyens]] (1829–1915), a soldier and painter.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=34638|title=Lutyens, Sir Edwin Landseer (1869–1944), architect |first=Gavin|last=Stamp|author-link=Gavin Stamp }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Oram|first1=Hugh|title=An Irishman's Diary on Sir Edwin Lutyens and Ireland |url = http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/an-irishman-s-diary-on-sir-edwin-lutyens-and-ireland-1.2166433 |access-date=18 March 2017|work=The Irish Times|date=7 April 2015}}</ref> His sister, [[Mary Constance Elphinstone Lutyens]] (1868–1951), wrote novels under her married name of Mrs George Wemyss.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mary Constance Elphinstone Wemyss (born Lutyens), 1868 – 1951 |url=https://www.myheritage.com/names/mary_lutyens |website=[[MyHeritage]] |access-date=17 January 2020}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=Source is a website based on automated analysis of primary sources, and may have limited editorial oversight. |date=January 2020}} He grew up in [[Thursley]], Surrey. He was named after a friend of his father, the painter and sculptor [[Edwin Henry Landseer]]. 

Lutyens suffered from rheumatic fever during his childhood and hence missed formal school education<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Edwin Landseer Lutyens (1869-1944) |url=https://www.godalmingmuseum.co.uk/articles/edwin-landseer-lutyens-1869-1944 |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=Godalming Museum |language=en-GB}}</ref>.He had special liking for drawing and mathematics, and said to have devised a novel method of drawing what he saw:  he would carry a small pane of clear glass, a penknife and pieces of soap; he would look through the glass at some building and trace the outline of the portions he saw using the sharp edge of a soap piece!<ref name=":0" />.

He studied architecture at [[South Kensington School of Art]](now the Royal College of Art, London), from 1885 to 1887. After college he joined the [[Ernest George]] and [[Harold Peto]] architectural practice. It was here that he first met Sir [[Herbert Baker]]. For many years he worked from offices at 29 [[Bloomsbury Square]], London.

==Architectural career==
===Private practice===
[[File:Munstead Wood, floorplan, fig 22 (Modern Homes, 1909).jpg|thumb|left|Ground floor plan of [[Munstead Wood]]]]

He began his own practice in 1888, his first commission being a private house at Crooksbury, [[Farnham, Surrey]]. During this work, he met the garden designer and horticulturalist [[Gertrude Jekyll]]. In 1896 he began work on a house for Jekyll at [[Munstead Wood]] near [[Godalming]], Surrey. It was the beginning of a professional partnership that would define the look of many Lutyens country houses.

The "Lutyens–Jekyll" garden had hardy shrubbery and herbaceous plantings within a structural architecture of stairs and balustraded terraces. This combined style, of the formal with the informal, exemplified by brick paths, herbaceous borders, and with plants such as lilies, lupins, delphiniums and lavender, was in contrast to the formal bedding schemes favoured by the previous generation in the 19th century. This "natural" style was to define the "English garden" until modern times.

Lutyens's fame grew largely through the popularity of the new lifestyle magazine ''[[Country Life (magazine)|Country Life]]'' created by [[Edward Hudson (magazine owner)|Edward Hudson]], which featured many of his house designs. Hudson was a great admirer of Lutyens's style and commissioned Lutyens for a number of projects, including [[Lindisfarne Castle]] and the ''Country Life'' headquarters building in London, at 8 [[Tavistock Street]]. One of his assistants in the 1890s was [[Maxwell Ayrton]].<ref>[http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=200099 Ormrod Maxwell Ayrton] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304021459/http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=200099 |date=4 March 2012 }} at scottisharchitects.org.uk, accessed 4 February 2009.</ref>

By the turn of the century, Lutyens was recognised as one of architecture's coming men. In his major study of English domestic buildings, ''[[Das englische Haus]]'', published in 1904, [[Hermann Muthesius]] wrote of Lutyens, "He is a young man who has come increasingly to the forefront of domestic architects and who may soon become the accepted leader among English builders of houses".{{sfn|Muthesius|1979|p=55}}

=== Works ===
{{Main|List of works by Edwin Lutyens}}

[[File:Lutyens houses and gardens (1921) (14783718963).jpg|thumb|Ground floor plan of [[Orchards, Surrey|Orchards]] ]]

The bulk of Lutyens's early work consisted of private houses in an [[Arts and Crafts]] style, strongly influenced by [[Tudor architecture]] and the [[vernacular architecture|vernacular]] styles of south-east England. This was the most innovative phase of his career. Important works of this period include Munstead Wood,{{sfn|Gradidge|1981|pp=27–31}} [[Tigbourne Court]], [[Orchards, Surrey|Orchards]] and [[Goddards]] in [[Surrey]], [[Deanery Garden]] and [[Folly Farm, Sulhamstead|Folly Farm]] in Berkshire, [[Overstrand Hall]] in [[Norfolk]] and Le [[Bois des Moutiers]] in France.

After about 1900 this style gave way to a more conventional [[Classicism]], a change of direction which had a profound influence on wider British architectural practice. His commissions were of a varied nature from private houses to two churches for the new [[Hampstead Garden Suburb]] in London to [[Julius Drewe]]'s [[Castle Drogo]] near [[Drewsteignton]] in Devon and on to his contributions to [[Lutyens' Delhi|India's new imperial capital]], New Delhi (where he worked as chief architect with Herbert Baker and others). Here he added elements of local architectural styles to his classicism, and based his urbanisation scheme on [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] water gardens. He also designed the [[Hyderabad House]] for the last [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], as his Delhi palace and planned the layout for the [[Janpath]] and [[Rajpath]] roads.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Debiparna |date=1 January 2017 |title=10 Interesting Facts about Sir Edwin Lutyens, the Architect Who Designed Most of New Delhi |url=https://www.vagabomb.com/10-Interesting-Facts-about-Sir-Edwin-Lutyens-the-Architect-Who-Designed-Most-of-New-Delhi/ |access-date=11 November 2022 |website=vagabomb.com |archive-date=11 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111031216/https://www.vagabomb.com/10-Interesting-Facts-about-Sir-Edwin-Lutyens-the-Architect-Who-Designed-Most-of-New-Delhi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[File:Portland.stone.cenotaph.london.arp.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[The Cenotaph]], [[Whitehall]], London]]

Before the end of [[World War I]], he was appointed one of three principal architects for the Imperial War Graves Commission (now [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]]) and was involved with the creation of [[World War I memorials|many monuments to commemorate the dead]]. Larger cemeteries have a [[Stone of Remembrance]], designed by him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0009128|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810091629/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0009128|url-status=dead|title=Canadian Encyclopedia Monuments, World Wars I and II|archive-date=10 August 2011}}</ref> The best known of these monuments are [[The Cenotaph]] in [[Whitehall]], [[Westminster]], and the [[Memorial to the Missing of the Somme]], [[Thiepval]]. The Cenotaph was originally commissioned by [[David Lloyd George]] as a temporary structure to be the centrepiece of the Allied Victory Parade in 1919. Lloyd George proposed a [[catafalque]], a low empty platform, but it was Lutyens's idea for the taller monument. The design took less than six hours to complete. Lutyens also designed many other war memorials, and others are based on or inspired by Lutyens's designs. Examples of Lutyens's other war memorials include the [[National War Memorial, Islandbridge|War Memorial Gardens]] in Dublin, the [[Tower Hill memorial]], the [[Manchester Cenotaph]] and the [[Arch of Remembrance]] memorial in Leicester.
[[File:Cenotaph sketch by Lutyens.jpg|thumb|Lutyens's design for [[The Cenotaph]]]]

Lutyens also refurbished [[Lindisfarne Castle]] for its wealthy owner.{{sfn|Brown|1997|pp=118–119}}

One of Lutyens's smaller works, but considered one of his masterpieces, is [[The Salutation]], a house in Sandwich, Kent, England. Built in 1911–1912 with a {{convert|3.7|acre|adj=on}} garden, it was commissioned by [[Henry Farrer]], one of three sons of Sir [[William Farrer]].{{sfn|Newman|2013|p=539}}

Lutyens heavily influenced [[Sigurd Frosterus]] when he designed [[Vanajanlinna Manor]] in [[Finland]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oksala |first=Sari |last2=Happonen |first2=Riikka |date=24 January 2024 |title=Wilhelm Rosenlewin yltiöpäinen optimismi loi röyhkeän monumentin – Näin Vanajanlinnaa kommentoi nyt hänen sukulaispoikansa |url=https://www.hameenlinnankaupunkiuutiset.fi/paikalliset/6504785 |access-date=5 October 2024 |website=Hämeenlinnan Kaupunkiuutiset |language=fi}}</ref>

[[File:100 King Street Manchester.jpg|thumb|upright|Lutyens's [[100 King Street|Midland Bank Building]] in Manchester, constructed in 1935|left]]
He was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] for his work at New Delhi<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-20 |title=Chronology of Lutyens Work {{!}} Lutyens Trust America |url=https://lutyenstrustamerica.com/chronology/ |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=lutyenstrustamerica.com |language=en-US}}</ref> in 1918<ref name="gazette1">{{London Gazette|issue=30607|page=4026
|date=2 April 1918}}</ref> and elected a [[Royal Academician]] in March 1920.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/edwin-lutyens-pra |title=Sir Edwin Lutyens {{!}} Artist {{!}} Royal Academy of Arts|website=royalacademy.org.uk |access-date=16 January 2018}}</ref> In 1924, he was appointed a member of the newly created [[Royal Fine Art Commission]], a position he held until his death.<ref name="gazette3">{{London Gazette|issue=32942|page=4429|date=3 June 1924}}</ref>

While work continued in New Delhi, Lutyens received other commissions including several commercial buildings in London and the [[Embassy of the United Kingdom in Washington, D.C.]].

In 1924 he completed the supervision of the construction of what is perhaps his most popular design: [[Queen Mary's Dolls' House]]. This four-storey [[Palladian]] villa was built in 1/12 scale and is now a permanent exhibit in the public area of [[Windsor Castle]]. It was not conceived or built as a plaything for children; its goal was to exhibit the finest British craftsmanship of the period.

Lutyens was commissioned in 1929 to design a new [[Roman Catholic]] cathedral in [[Liverpool]]. He planned a vast building of brick and granite, topped with towers and a {{Convert|510|ft|m|abbr=|adj=on}} dome, with commissioned sculpture work by [[Charles Sargeant Jagger]] and [[W. C. H. King]]. Work on this building started in 1933, but was halted during [[World War II]]. After the war, the project ended due to a shortage of funding, with only the crypt completed. A model of Lutyens's unrealised building was given to and restored by the [[Walker Art Gallery]] in 1975 and is now on display in the [[Museum of Liverpool]].<ref name=apollo>[http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/conservation/departments/models/lutyens/ Conserving the Lutyens cathedral model, Liverpool museums] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202152343/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/conservation/departments/models/lutyens/ |date=2 February 2012 }}. Liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Retrieved on 29 July 2013.</ref> The architect of the present [[Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral]], which was built over part of the crypt and consecrated in 1967, was Sir [[Frederick Gibberd]].

In 1945, a year after his death, ''A Plan for the City & County of [[Kingston upon Hull]]'' was published. Lutyens worked on the plan with Sir [[Patrick Abercrombie]] and they are credited as its co-authors. Abercrombie's introduction in the plan makes special reference to Lutyens's contribution. The plan was, however, rejected by [[Hull City Council]]. He was also involved in the Royal Academy's planning for post-war London, an endeavour dismissed by [[Osbert Lancaster]] as "... not unlike what the new [[Nuremberg]] might have been had [[the Führer]] enjoyed the inestimable advantage of the advice and guidance of the late Sir [[Aston Webb]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/the-rise-and-fall-and-rise-of-edwin-lutyens/10029787.article|title=The rise and fall and rise of Edwin Lutyens|first1=Gavin|last1=Stamp|website=Architectural Review|date=19 November 1981}}</ref>

===Overseas commissions===
====Ireland (1906–1918)====
Works in [[Ireland]] include the [[Irish National War Memorial Gardens]] in [[Islandbridge]] in [[Dublin]], which consists of a bridge over the railway and a bridge over the [[River Liffey]] (unbuilt) and two tiered sunken gardens; [[Heywood House Gardens]], [[County Laois]] (open to the public), consisting of a hedge garden, lawns, tiered sunken garden and a belvedere; extensive changes and extensions to Lambay Castle, [[Lambay Island]], near Dublin, consisting of a circular battlement enclosing the restored and extended castle and farm building complex, upgraded cottages and stores near the harbour, a real tennis court, a large guest house (The White House), a boathouse and a chapel; alterations and extensions to [[Howth Castle]], [[County Dublin]]; the unbuilt [[Hugh Lane]] gallery straddling the [[River Liffey]] on the site of the [[Ha'penny Bridge]] and the unbuilt [[Hugh Lane Gallery]] on the west side of [[St Stephen's Green]]; and [[Costelloe Lodge]] at [[Casla]] (also known as Costelloe), [[County Galway]] (that was used for refuge by [[J. Bruce Ismay]], the Chairman of the [[White Star Line]], following the sinking of the RMS ''[[Titanic]]''). In 1907, Lutyens designed [[Tranarossan House]], located just north of [[Downings]] on the [[Rosguill]] Peninsula on the north coast of [[County Donegal]].<ref>[[Alistair Rowan]], ''[[The Buildings of Ireland]]: North West Ulster'', p. 169. [[Yale University Press]], [[New Haven]] and London, 2003 (originally published by [[Penguin Books|Penguin]], London, 1979).</ref> The house was built of local granite for Mr and Mrs Phillimore, from London, as a holiday home. In 1937, Mrs Phillimore donated it to ''[[An Óige]]'' (Irish Youth Hostels Association) for the "youth of Ireland", and it has been a hostel ever since.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://anoige.ie/tra-na-rosann/ |title=Trá na Rosann |website=Anoige|access-date=17 September 2019 |archive-date=10 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110045333/https://anoige.ie/tra-na-rosann/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==== India (1912–1930) ====
{{Main|Lutyens' Delhi}}

[[File:Rashtrapati Bhavan Wide New Delhi India.jpg|thumb|[[Rashtrapati Bhavan]], the home of the [[President of India]], was designed by Lutyens.]]

Largely designed by Lutyens over 20 or so years (1912 to 1930), New Delhi, situated within the metropolis of [[Delhi]], popularly known as '[[Lutyens' Delhi]]', was chosen to replace [[Calcutta]] as the seat of the British Indian government in 1911;{{sfn|Irving|1981|p=29}} the project was completed in 1929 and officially inaugurated in 1931. In undertaking this project, Lutyens invented his own new order of classical architecture, which has become known as the [[Delhi Order]] and was used by him for several designs in England, such as [[Campion Hall, Oxford]]. Unlike the more traditional British architects who came before him, he was both inspired by and incorporated various features from the local and traditional Indian architecture—something most clearly seen in the great drum-mounted Buddhist dome of Viceroy's House, now [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]]. This palatial building, containing 340 rooms, is built on an area of some {{convert|330|acre|ha}} and incorporates a private garden also designed by Lutyens. The building was designed as the official residence of the [[Viceroy of India]] and is now the official residence of the [[President of India]].<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/delhi-heritage-tour-from-tughlaq-to-british-era-cycle-your-way-to-historical-monuments/story-j3wSwSJyQcctJDwyFqBybI.html |title = Delhi heritage tour: From Tughlaq to British era, cycle your way to historical monuments |newspaper = Hindustan Times |date=8 June 2017 |access-date = 3 July 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://interiordesigningweb.com/2016/12/05/edwin-lutyens-pioneers/ |title=Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, English architect and designer |access-date=3 July 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161220132703/http://interiordesigningweb.com/2016/12/05/edwin-lutyens-pioneers/ |archive-date=20 December 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/indias-roads-whose-space-is-it-anyway-17555|title=India's roads: Whose space is it anyway? |date=3 July 2017 |access-date = 3 July 2017}}</ref>

The Delhi Order columns at the front entrance of the palace have bells carved into them, which, it has been suggested, Lutyens had designed with the idea that as the bells were silent the British rule would never come to an end. At one time, more than 2,000 people were required to care for the building and serve the Rastrapati Bhavan.

The new city contains both the [[Old Parliament House, New Delhi|Parliament buildings]] and [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|government offices]] (many designed by Herbert Baker) and was built distinctively of the local red sandstone using the traditional [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] style.

When composing the plans for New Delhi, Lutyens planned for the new city to lie southwest of the walled city of [[Shahjahanbad]]. His plans for the city also laid out the street plan for New Delhi consisting of wide tree-lined avenues.

Built in the spirit of British colonial rule, the place where the new imperial city and the older native settlement met was intended to be a market. It was there that Lutyens imagined the Indian traders would participate in "the grand shopping centre for the residents of Shahjahanabad and New Delhi", thus giving rise to the D-shaped market seen today.

Many of the garden-ringed villas in the [[Lutyens' Bungalow Zone]] (LBZ)—also known as Lutyens' Delhi—that were part of Lutyens's original scheme for New Delhi are under threat due to the constant pressure for development in Delhi. The LBZ was placed on the 2002 [[World Monuments Fund]] Watch List of 100 Most Endangered Sites. None of the bungalows in the LBZ were designed by Lutyens—he only designed the four bungalows in the Presidential Estate surrounding Rashtrapati Bhavan at Willingdon Crescent, now known as Mother Teresa Crescent.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lutyens himself designed only four bungalows |url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newdelhi/Lutyens-himself-designed-only-four-bungalows/Article1-707697.aspx |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=9 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121022220818/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newdelhi/Lutyens-himself-designed-only-four-bungalows/Article1-707697.aspx |archive-date = 22 October 2012}}</ref> Other buildings in Delhi that Lutyens designed include [[Baroda House]], [[Bikaner House]], [[Hyderabad House]], and [[Patiala House Courts Complex|Patiala House]].<ref>Prakash, Om (2005). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nzpYb5UOeiwC Cultural History Of India]''. New Age International, New Delhi. {{ISBN|81-224-1587-3}}. p. 217.</ref>

In recognition of his architectural accomplishments for the British Raj, Lutyens was made a Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]] (KCIE) on 1 January 1930.<ref name="gazette2">{{London Gazette
|issue=33566
|page=5
|date=1 January 1930
|supp=y
}}</ref> As a chivalric order, the KCIE knighthood held precedence over his earlier [[knight bachelor|bachelor knighthood]].

A bust of Lutyens in the Rastrapati bhavan is the only statue of a Westerner left in its original position in New Delhi. Lutyens's work in New Delhi is the focus of [[Robert Grant Irving]]'s book ''Indian Summer''.

In spite of his monumental work in India, Lutyens believed that the peoples of the Indian sub-continent were less civilised and less intelligent than Europeans, although these views were common at the time among many of his contemporaries.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.theguardian.com/books/2002/jun/23/biography.art |title=The Architect And His Wife, The Life of Edwin Lutyens |access-date=25 January 2014 |newspaper = The Guardian }}</ref> He thought the Indian Indo-Saracenic style was "formless, not of carved decoration, an anathema...hardly qualified as architecture at all." Endless battles were fought between him and Viceroy [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Hardinge]] over architectural style: Lutyens wanted classical, the architecture of the Empire – Hardinge wanted elements of the Indian vernacular for political and cultural reasons.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ridley |first=Jane |title=The Architect and His Wife: A Life of Edwin Lutyens |page=257}}</ref>

==== Spain (1915–1928)====
In [[Madrid]], Lutyens's work can be seen in the interiors of the [[Liria Palace]], a neoclassical building which was severely damaged during the [[Spanish Civil War]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29543345 | jstor=29543345 | title=Lutyens and Spain | last1=Stamp | first1=Gavin | last2=Richardson | first2=Margaret | journal=AA Files | year=1983 | issue=3 | pages=51–59 }}</ref> The palace was originally built in the 18th century for [[James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick]], and still belongs to his descendants. Lutyens's reconstruction was commissioned by [[Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba]]. The Duke had been in contact with Lutyens while serving as the Spanish ambassador to the [[Court of St. James's]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Basarrate |first1=Iñigo |title=Edwin Lutyens y la reconstrucción del Palacio de Liria |journal=Revista de Arte Goya |date=October-December 2022 |issue=381 |pages=309-324}}</ref>

Between 1915 and 1928, Lutyens also produced designs for a new palace for the Duke of Alba's younger brother, [[Hernando Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duke of Peñaranda]]. The palace of El Guadalperal, as it was to be called, would have been, if built, Edwin Lutyens's largest country house.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://doi.org/10.1017/arh.2017.10 | doi=10.1017/arh.2017.10 | title=Edwin Lutyens in Spain: The Palace of El Guadalperal | year=2017 | last1=Basarrate | first1=Íñigo | journal=Architectural History | volume=60 | pages=303–339 | s2cid=194864199 | url-access=subscription }}</ref>
[[File:JOHN LOUGHBOROUGH PEARSON and SIR EDWIN LANDSEER LUTYENS - 13 Mansfield Street Marylebone London W1G 9NZ.jpg|thumb|right|13 [[Mansfield Street, London|Mansfield Street]], Marylebone, Lutyens's London home from 1919 to his death in 1944]]

== Personal life ==
Lutyens married [[Lady Emily Bulwer-Lytton]] (1874–1964) on 4 August 1897 at [[Knebworth]], Hertfordshire. She was third daughter of [[Edith Bulwer-Lytton, Countess of Lytton|Edith]] (née Villiers) and the [[1st Earl of Lytton]], a former [[Viceroy of India]]. Lady Emily had proposed to Lutyens two years before the wedding, and her parents disapproved of the marriage.{{sfn|Lutyens|1980|p=52}} Their marriage was largely unsatisfactory, practically from the start, with Lady Emily developing interests in [[theosophy]], Eastern religions, and being drawn both emotionally and philosophically to [[Jiddu Krishnamurti]].{{sfn|Ridley|2002|pp=257–258}} They had five children:

* Barbara Lutyens (1898–1981), second wife of [[Euan Wallace]] (1892–1941), Minister of Transport.{{sfn|Percy|Ridley|1988|p=53}}
* [[Robert Lutyens]] (1901–1971), interior designer. Designed the façade used for over 40 [[Marks & Spencer]] stores.<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert Lutyens |url = http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=202099 |website=Dictionary of Scottish Architects |access-date=13 July 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Ursula Ridley, Viscountess Ridley|Ursula Lutyens]] (1904–1967), wife of the [[Matthew White Ridley, 3rd Viscount Ridley|3rd Viscount Ridley]]. They were the parents of the [[4th Viscount Ridley]] (1925–2012), and of the Cabinet Minister [[Nicholas Ridley, Baron Ridley of Liddesdale|Nicholas Ridley]] (1929–1993). Nicholas Ridley was the father of Edwin Lutyens's biographer, [[Jane Ridley]].
* [[Elisabeth Lutyens|(Agnes) Elisabeth Lutyens]] (1906–1983), a well-known composer. Second marriage to the conductor [[Edward Clark (conductor)|Edward Clark]].<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=40709|title=Clark, (Thomas) Edward}}</ref>
* [[Mary Lutyens|(Edith Penelope) Mary Lutyens]] (1908–1999),<ref>{{cite web|title=(Edith Penelope) Mary Lutyens (1909–1999) |url = http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp101236/edith-penelope-mary-lutyens |website=National Portrait Gallery |access-date=13 July 2016}}</ref> a writer known for her books about the philosopher Jiddu Krishnamurti.
He is said to have a carried a notebook always, which he called  "a virgin"<ref name=":0" />.

During the later years of his life, Lutyens suffered with several bouts of [[pneumonia]].

==Death==
In the early 1940s he was diagnosed with [[cancer]]. He died on 1 January 1944 and was [[cremated]] at East Finchley Crematorium in north London, also known as St Marylebone Crematorium. His ashes were interred in the crypt of [[St. Paul's Cathedral]], beneath a memorial designed by his friend and fellow architect [[William Curtis Green]].

== Major buildings and projects ==
{{Main category|Works of Edwin Lutyens}}
{{Main list|List of works by Edwin Lutyens
}}
* 1897: [[Munstead Wood]], Surrey
* 1899: [[Orchards, Surrey]]
* 1900: [[Goddards]], Surrey
* 1901: [[Tigbourne Court]], Surrey
* 1901: [[Deanery Garden]], Sonning, Berkshire
* 1903: [[Papillon Hall, Lubenham]], Leicestershire
* 1906: [[Lincoln's Inn House]], 42 Kingsway, London
* 1911: [[British Medical Association]] in [[Tavistock Square]], London<ref name="BMA">{{cite web|title=About BMA House|url=https://bmahouse.org.uk/about/|access-date=12 July 2016|website=BMA House}}</ref>
* 1912: [[Great Dixter]], Northiam, East Sussex
* 1924–37 [[Midland Bank, Poultry]]
* 1928: [[Hyderabad House]], New Delhi
* 1929: [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapathi Bhavan]], New Delhi
* 1930: [[Castle Drogo]], [[Drewsteignton]], Devon
* 1935: [[100 King Street|The Midland Bank]], Manchester
* 1936: [[Baroda House]], New Delhi
* 1936–1938: [[Villers–Bretonneux Australian National Memorial]], Somme, France

== Recognition and legacy ==
[[File:Edwin Lutyens memorial.jpg|thumb|Memorial to Lutyens by [[Stephen Cox (sculptor)|Stephen Cox]] (2015)]]

Lutyens received the RIBA [[Royal Gold Medal]] in 1921, and the [[AIA Gold Medal|American Institute of Architects Gold Medal]] in 1925. In November 2015 the British government announced that all 44 of Lutyens's surviving First World War memorials in Britain{{NoteTag|43 in England, 1 in Wales}} had now been listed on the advice of [[Historic England]], and were therefore all protected by law. This involved the one remaining memorial—the [[Gerrards Cross Memorial Building]] in [[Buckinghamshire]]—being added to the list, plus a further fourteen having their statuses upgraded.<ref>{{cite web |title = National Collection of Lutyens' War Memorials Listed |url = http://historicengland.org.uk/news-and-features/news/lutyens-war-memorials |website=[[Historic England]] |date = 7 November 2015 |publisher=Historic England |access-date=9 November 2015 }}</ref> For the [[Imperial Brands|Imperial Tobacco Company]]'s First World War memorial, installed in 1921 at its Bedminster Head Office,<ref>'Imperial Tobacco Company's War Memorial' ''Western Daily Press'', 19 October 1921, p.3</ref> this protection arrived too late to prevent its destruction following the company's take-over in 1986 by [[Heidelberg Materials UK|Hanson Trust plc]].

The architectural critic [[Ian Nairn]] wrote of Lutyen's Surrey "masterpieces" in the 1971 ''Surrey'' volume of the [[Pevsner Architectural Guides|''Buildings of England'' series]], while noting that; "the genius and the charlatan were very close together in Lutyens".{{sfn|Nairn|Pevsner|Cherry|1971|p=70}} In the introduction to the catalogue for the 1981 Lutyens exhibition at the [[Hayward Gallery]], the architectural writer Colin Amery described Lutyens as "the builder of some of our finest country houses and gardens".{{sfn|Amery|Richardson|Stamp|1981|p=8}}

In 2015 a memorial to Lutyens by the sculptor [[Stephen Cox (sculptor)|Stephen Cox]] was erected in Apple Tree Yard, Mayfair, London, adjacent to the studio where Lutyens prepared the designs for New Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |last = Cox |first = Stephen |author-link = Stephen Cox (sculptor) |title=Apple Tree Yard Sculpture Honours Spirit of Lutyens |url = http://www.lutyenstrust.org.uk/portfolio-item/apple-tree-yard-sculpture-honours-spirit-lutyens/ |website=The Lutyens Trust |access-date=10 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Hancock |first=Michaila |date=3 June 2015 |title=Eric Parry completes St James's Square office |url = https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/eric-parry-completes-st-jamess-square-office/8683365.article |magazine=[[Architects' Journal]] |location=London |access-date=10 May 2019 }}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="154">
File:Goddards, Abinger Common, Surrey-1093965338.jpg|[[Goddards]], Surrey (1898–1900)
File:Tigbourne Court DSC 1744.jpg|[[Tigbourne Court]], Surrey (1899–1901)
File:Greywalls1.jpg|Greywalls house, East Lothian, Scotland (1901)
File:Lutyens houses and gardens (1921) page 72.jpg| [[Little Thakeham]], West Sussex (1902)
File:Lutoffice8Jl6-3786.jpg|Daneshill Brick and Tile Company offices, near [[Old Basing]], Hampshire (1903)<ref>{{cite journal |last = Wright |first = Tony |title=Sir Edwin Lutyens and the Daneshill Brickworks|journal=British Brick Society Information |date=Feb 2002 |volume=87 |pages=22–26 |issn = 0960-7870 }}</ref>
File:Country Life Offices London.jpg|Country Life Offices, [[Tavistock Street]], London (1905)<ref>{{cite web |title=Country Life building, Tavistock Street, London |url = https://www.architecture.com/image-library/RIBApix/image-information/poster/country-life-building-tavistock-street-london/posterid/RIBA10382.html |publisher=RIBA |access-date=12 July 2016}}</ref>
File:Hestercombe, Great Plat.jpg|[[Hestercombe House]], Somerset, with [[Gertrude Jekyll]] (1904–1906)
File:Heathcote - geograph.org.uk - 378865.jpg|[[Heathcote, Ilkley]], Yorkshire (1906–1908)
File:Free Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb.jpg|[[Free Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb]], London (1908–1910)
File:South Africa - Anglo-Boer War Memorial-001.jpg|[[Anglo-Boer War Memorial (Johannesburg)|Anglo-Boer War Memorial]], Johannesburg (1910)
File:NashdomMist.jpg|[[Nashdom]], [[Taplow]], Buckinghamshire (1908–1911)
File:BMA House.JPG|[[British Medical Association]], [[Tavistock Square]], London (1911)<ref name="BMA" />
File:Henrietta Barnett School, London NW11.jpg|[[Henrietta Barnett School]], Hampstead Garden Suburb, London (1911)
File:9 2 228 0069-Art Gallery2-Johannesburg-s.jpg|[[Johannesburg Art Gallery]], Klein Street (1910–1915)
File:Abbey House Hotel south elevation.JPG|[[Abbey House, Barrow-in-Furness]], Cumbria (1914)
File:British School at Rome by Edwin Luytens.jpg|Portico of the [[British School at Rome]] (1916)
File:Midland Railway War Memorial, Derby 10 (cropped).jpg|[[Midland Railway War Memorial, Derby]] (1920)
File:Mells Somerset2.JPG|[[Mells War Memorial]], Somerset (1921)
File:India Gate in New Delhi 03-2016.jpg|The [[India Gate]], New Delhi (1921)
File:Hauser and Wirth 196 Piccadilly.jpg|Midland Bank, Piccadilly, London (1922–1923)
File:Lutyens Midland Bank.JPG|Midland Bank Headquarters, [[Poultry, London]] (1924)<ref>{{National Heritage List for England |num=1064598|access-date=13 July 2016}}</ref>
File:VictorySquare 1932.jpg|[[Victory Square, Vancouver|Victory Square Cenotaph, Vancouver]] (1924)
File:Lutyens Britannic House.JPG|Britannic House, [[Finsbury Circus]], London (1921–1925)
File:War Memorial Leicester, Summer 2009.jpg|[[Arch of Remembrance]], Leicester (1925)
File:Victoria park cenotaph.jpg|[[Cenotaph (Saskatchewan)|Cenotaph, Regina, Saskatchewan]] (1926)
File:British Ambassador's Residence, Washington, D.C.jpg|[[British Ambassador's residence in Washington, D.C.|British Ambassador's residence, Washington, D.C.]] (1928)
File:Hallway in the Chancery and residence of the Ambassador of the United Kingdom, Washington, D.C LCCN2011631264.tif|Hallway in British Ambassador's residence Washington, D.C. (1928)
File:EH1031597 Merchant Seamens Memorial 02.JPG|[[Tower Hill Memorial]], Trinity Square, London (1928)
File:67-68 Pall Mall.jpg|67–68 [[Pall Mall, London]] (1928)<ref>{{cite web |title = To Plan a Tour of Lutyens Buildings |url = http://www.lutyenstrust.org.uk/to-plan-a-tour-of-lutyens-buildings/ |website=The Luytens Trust|access-date=13 July 2016 }}</ref>
File:Park Lane view.jpg|[[Grosvenor House Hotel]], Mayfair, London (1929)
File:Rashtrapati Bhavan-2.jpg|[[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]], New Delhi (1912–1929)
File:Drogo-wyrd-01.jpg|[[Castle Drogo]], [[Devon]] (1911–1930)
File:Page Street (188242395).jpg|alt=Grosvenor estate, Page Street, London (1928–1930). Photo description: The buildings with their chess board facades and the courtyards seen from the street.|Social housing for Grosvenor Estate and Westminster Council, [[Page Street]], London (1928–1930)
File:Hampton Court Bridge 1.jpg|[[Hampton Court Bridge]], London (1933)
File:LPoolLutyens-wyrdlight-802726.jpg|Architectural model of unrealised design for [[Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral]] (1933)<ref>{{cite web|title=Conserving the Lutyens cathedral model|url=http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/conservation/departments/models/lutyens/|website=Liverpool Museums|access-date=13 July 2016}}</ref>
File:Steps to Liverpool met crypt chapel.jpg|Crypt of Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral 1933–1941, the only part of Lutyens's design built
File:Thiepval Anglo-French Cemetery -13.jpg|[[Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme]], France (1928–1932)
File:LodgeRunnymede.jpg|[[Urban H. Broughton|Broughton]] memorial lodge, [[Runnymede]], Surrey (1930–1932)<ref>{{National Heritage List for England |num=1189781 |access-date=13 July 2016 }}</ref>
File:St Jude's, Hampstead Garden Suburb.jpg|[[St Jude's Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb]], London (1909–1935)
File:Reuters Building, Fleet Street-378846213.jpg|Reuters & Press Association Building, 85 Fleet Street, London (1934–1938)
File:CampionHall.jpg|[[Campion Hall, Oxford]] (1936)
File:Circular Rose Garden pond in winter.jpg|[[Irish National War Memorial Gardens]], Dublin (1932–1940)
File:Runnymede Bridge (upstream).JPG|[[Runnymede Bridge]], Surrey (opened 1961)<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Baldwin |editor1-first=Peter |title = The motorway achievement |year=2004|publisher=Telford |location=London |isbn = 9780727731968 |page=308 |url = {{Google books|ndZVcax375EC|page=308|plainurl=yes}} }}</ref>
File:Tra Na Rosann Hostel.jpg|[[Tranarossan House]], [[Downings]], County Donegal, Ireland
</gallery>

== Publications ==
* [[Charles Bressey]] & Edwin Lutyens, ''The Highway Development Survey 1937'', Ministry of Transport, 1938.
* Edwin Lutyens & [[Patrick Abercrombie]], ''A Plan for the City & County of Kingston upon Hull'', Brown (London & Hull), 1945.

== See also ==
{{Portal|Architecture|Biography|United Kingdom}}
* [[Herbert Tudor Buckland]], a contemporary Arts & Crafts architect
* [[Butterfly plan]]
* [[History of gardening]]
* [[:Category:Landscape design history|Landscape design history]] (category)
* [[Hestercombe Gardens]]
* [[Rosehaugh House]]

==Footnotes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book
|last1=Amery |first1=Colin
|last2=Richardson |first2=Margaret
|last3=Stamp |first3=Gavin |author3-link = Gavin Stamp
|title = Lutyens: The Work of the English Architect Sir Edwin Lutyens
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8N5PAAAAMAAJ&q=Lutyens:+The+Work+of+the+English+Architect+Sir+Edwin+Lutyens
|year=1981
|location=London
|publisher=[[Arts Council of Great Britain]]
|isbn = 9780728703032
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Brown |first=Jane
|title = Lutyens and the Edwardians
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NeBPAAAAMAAJ&q=Lutyens+and+the+Edwardians
|location=London
|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]
|year=1997
|isbn = 9780140242690
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Dunster |first=David
|title = Edwin Lutyens
|location=London
|publisher=[[Academy Editions]]
|year=1986
|isbn =  9780312239183
|oclc=757002578
}}
* {{cite book
|first1 = David C. |last1=Goodman
|first2=Colin |last2=Chant
|title=European Cities & Technology: Industrial to Post-industrial City
|publisher=Routledge
|year=1999
|isbn = 9780415200820
|oclc=807453904
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Gradidge|first=Roderick
|author-link = Roderick Gradidge
|title = Edwin Lutyens: Architect Laureate
|year=1981
|publisher = [[George Allen & Unwin]]
|location=London
|isbn = 9780047200236
|oclc=924831360
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Hussey |first=Christopher
|author-link = Christopher Hussey (historian)
|title = The Life of Sir Edwin Lutyens
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=89RpQgAACAAJ&q=The+Life+of+Sir+Edwin+Lutyens
|location=[[Woodbridge, Suffolk|Woodbridge]]
|orig-year=1950
|year=1989
|publisher = Antique Collectors Club
|isbn = 978-0-907462-59-0
}}
* {{cite book
|first=Robert Grant|last=Irving
|title=Indian Summer: Lutyens, Baker and Imperial Delhi
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DbQoMQAACAAJ&q=Indian+Summer:+Lutyens,+Baker+and+Imperial+Delhi
|location=London
|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]
|year=1981
|isbn = 978-0-300-02422-7
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Lutyens |first=Edwin
|editor1= Clayre Percy
|editor2=Jane Ridley
|editor2-link=Jane Ridley
|title = The Letters of Edwin Lutyens to his wife, Lady Emily
|year=1989
|publisher =[[Hamish Hamilton]]
|location=London
|isbn = 9780241124765
|ref= {{sfnRef|Percy|Ridley|1988}}
|oclc=466283124
}}
* {{cite book
|first=Mary |last=Lutyens
|author-link = Mary Lutyens
|title = Edwin Lutyens
|location = London
|publisher = [[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]]
|year=1980
|isbn = 978-0-7195-3777-6
|oclc=469680629
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The English House
|last=Muthesius |first = H.
|author-link = Hermann Muthesius
|orig-year=1904
|year=1979
|edition=Single volume
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=M4jRAQAACAAJ&q=editions:-7GFYV4ktzcC
|publisher=[[Granada Publishing]]
|location=Frogmore
|isbn = 978-0-258-97101-7
}}
* {{cite book
|last1=Nairn |first1=Ian
|last2=Pevsner |first2=Nikolaus
|last3=Cherry |first3=Bridget
|author1-link = Ian Nairn
|author2-link = Nikolaus Pevsner
|year=1971
|title=Surrey
|series=The Buildings of England
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5b6dCBlfCLUC&q=The+Buildings+of+England%3A+Surrey
|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]
|location=Middlesex, England
|isbn = 978-0-300-09675-0
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Newman |first=John
|author-link = John Newman (architectural historian)
|year=2013
|title = Kent: North East and East
|series = The Buildings of England
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KwIBmwEACAAJ&q=Kent+North+East+and+East
|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]
|location=London and New Haven, CT
|isbn = 9780300185065
}}
* {{cite book
|first=John F. |last=Pile
|title = A History of Interior Design
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YVQJvcI1XeoC&q=lutyens+new+delhi&pg=PA320
|publisher=Laurence King Publishing
|year=2005
|isbn = 9781856694186
}}
* {{cite book
|first = Jane
|last = Ridley
|author-link = Jane Ridley
|title = Edwin Lutyens: His Life, His Wife, His Work
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=e5FQAAAAMAAJ&q=Edwin+Lutyens:+His+Life,+His+Wife,+His+Work
|year = 2002
|location=London
|publisher=[[Chatto & Windus]]
|isbn = 978-0-7011-7201-5
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Stamp
|first = Gavin
|author-link = Gavin Stamp
|year = 2006
|title = The Memorial to the Missing of the Somme
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fYI27dbGdX4C&q=the+memorial+to+the+missing+of+the+somme
|location = London
|edition = 2007
|publisher = [[Profile Books]]
|isbn = 978-1-86197-896-7
|ref = {{sfnRef|Stamp|2007}}
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Vale
|first=Lawrence J.
|title = Architecture, Power, and National Identity
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3Fm3XlYuSzAC&q=lutyens+new+delhi&pg=RA1-PA92
|year=1992
|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]
|location= New Haven and London
|isbn= 9780300049589
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Wilhide
|first=Elizabeth
|title = Sir Edwin Lutyens: Designing in the English Tradition
|year=2000
|publisher=[[Pavilion Books]]
|location= London
|isbn= 9781857936889
|oclc=469379799
}}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Hopkins|editor1-first=Andrew |editor2-link= Gavin Stamp |editor2-last = Stamp |editor2-first = Gavin |year=2002|title=Lutyens Abroad: the Work of Sir Edwin Lutyens Outside the British Isles |location = London|publisher=[[British School at Rome]] |isbn = 0-904152-37-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Petter|first=Hugh|year=1992 |title = Lutyens in Italy: The Building of the British School at Rome |location=London |publisher=British School at Rome |isbn = 0-904152-21-9 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Skelton|first1=Tim|last2=Gliddon|first2=Gerald|year=2008 |title = Lutyens and the Great War |location=London |publisher=[[Frances Lincoln Publishers|Frances Lincoln]] |isbn = 978-0-7112-2878-8 }}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{EB1922 Poster|Lutyens, Sir Edwin Landseer|Edwin Lutyens}}
* [http://www.lutyenstrust.org.uk/ The Lutyens Trust]
* [http://www.city-journal.org/html/8_2_urbanities-architect.html Jane Ridley, "Architect for the metropolis"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330163104/http://www.city-journal.org/html/8_2_urbanities-architect.html |date=30 March 2009 }}, ''City Journal'', Spring 1998
* [http://www.wardsbookofdays.com/29march.htm The creations of Sir Edwin Lutyens] – ''Ward's Book of Days'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071217215148/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker/exhibitions/cathedral/history/index.asp The cathedral that never was] – exhibition of Lutyens's cathedral model at the Walker Art Gallery (archived 17 December 2007)
* {{cite web |title=The history of the Bois des Moutiers |last1=Louvet|first1=Solange|last2=de Givry |first2=Jacques |url = http://www.boisdesmoutiers.com/HistoireBoisdesMoutiersNewGB.php }} – An 1898 house in France designed by Lutyens and its garden designed by Lutyens and Gertrude Jekyll.
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/16010725@N06/albums/72157627816920018/ Collection of over 2000 photos of Lutyens's work] on [[Flickr]]

{{s-start}}
{{s-culture}}
{{s-bef |before=[[Sir William Llewellyn]] }}
{{s-ttl |title=[[President of the Royal Academy]] |years=1938–1944 }}
{{s-aft |after=[[Alfred Munnings]]}}
{{s-court}}
{{s-bef |before = [[Sir Malcolm Fraser, 1st Baronet]] }}
{{s-ttl |title  = [[Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor|Registrar of the Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor]]|years  = 1941–1944 }}
{{s-aft |after  = [[Sir Thomas Lumley-Smith]] }}
{{s-end}}

{{Royal Academy of Arts}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lutyens, Edwin}}
[[Category:1869 births]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:Artists from London]]
[[Category:People of the Victorian era]]
[[Category:Architects from London]]
[[Category:British neoclassical architects]]
[[Category:Arts and Crafts movement artists]]
[[Category:Arts and Crafts architects]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects]]
[[Category:19th-century English architects]]
[[Category:20th-century English architects]]
[[Category:Royal Academicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of Merit]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal College of Art]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal]]
[[Category:Commonwealth War Graves Commission]]
[[Category:People cremated at Golders Green Crematorium]]
[[Category:Burials at St Paul's Cathedral]]
[[Category:Lutyens family]]
[[Category:Masters of the Art Worker's Guild]]
[[Category:Recipients of the AIA Gold Medal]]