View source for Edwin Sandys (bishop)

{{Short description|Archbishop of York from 1576 to 1588}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific-prefix = [[The Most Reverend]]
| name = Edwin Sandys
| honorific-suffix =
| archbishop_of = [[Archbishop of York]]
| image = English school 1571 portrait of edwin sandys bishop of london.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption = As bishop of London, 1571
| province =
| diocese =
| see =
| enthroned = 1576
| ended = 1588
| predecessor = [[Edmund Grindal]]
| successor = [[John Piers]]
| ordination =
| consecration =
| other_post = [[Bishop of Worcester]]<br/>(1559–1570)<br/>[[Bishop of London]]<br/>(1570–1576)
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{circa|1519}}
| birth_place = Esthwaite Hall
| death_date = {{death date|1588|7|10|df=y}}
| death_place =
| buried = [[Southwell Minster]]
| nationality =
| religion =
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse = Mary Sandys<br/ >Cecily Wilford
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| alma_mater = [[St John's College, Cambridge]]
| signature =
<!----------Sainthood---------->
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}}
'''Edwin Sandys''' ({{IPAc-en|'|s|æ|n|d|z}}; 1519 – 10 July 1588) was an English [[prelate]].
He was [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] [[Bishop of Worcester]] (1559–1570), [[Bishop of London|London]] (1570–1576) and [[Archbishop of York]] (1576–1588) during the reign of [[Elizabeth I]] of England. He was one of the translators of the [[Bishops' Bible]].

==Early years and education==
Edwin was born in 1519 to William Sandys, esq. of Esthwaite Hall and [[Graythwaite Hall]], and Margaret Dixon, daughter of Sir John Dixon.

Sandys' place of education is not recorded, but historians believe that Edwin Sandys was educated alongside [[Edmund Grindal]] at [[St Bees Priory]],<ref name = "collinson">Patrick Collinson – "Archbishop Grindal 1519–1583 The struggle for a reformed church" 1979 {{ISBN|0-224-01703-9}}</ref> and taught by the [[marian martyrs|Marian martyr]] John Bland. Sandys recalled that he and Grindal lived "familiarly" and "as brothers" and were only separated between Sandys's 13th and 18th Years. A branch of the Sandys family lived at Rottington Hall near St Bees, and were known to the heralds in 1563 as '''...of St Bees in the County of Cumberland''". Edwin Sandys followed Edmund Grindal in his subsequent career, succeeding him as Bishop of London, and then Archbishop of York. 

Sandys went up to [[St John's College, Cambridge]], graduating BA in 1539 and then a [[Doctor of Divinity]] ten years later.<ref>{{acad|id=SNDS519E|name=Sandys, Edwin}}</ref> In 1547 he was elected master of [[St Catharine's College, Cambridge|Catharine Hall]], and by the death of [[Edward VI]] in 1553 he was [[List of Vice-Chancellors of the University of Cambridge|Vice Chancellor]] of the university.

==Exile==
On the death of King Edward, the [[Duke of Northumberland]] sought to avoid a Roman Catholic monarchy by placing [[Lady Jane Grey]] on the throne. He and his followers arrived in Cambridge to raise an army in East Anglia and demanded that Edwin Sandys preach a sermon. When the rebellion failed and [[Mary I of England|Mary Tudor]] took the throne, Edwin was arrested and taken to the [[Tower of London]]. For this he is mentioned in ''[[Foxe's Book of Martyrs]]''.<ref>Foxe J., ''Actes and Monuments of these Latter and Perillous Days, Touching Matters of the Church'' (Foxe's Book of Martyrs)</ref> Later he was moved to more comfortable conditions in [[Marshalsea prison]] where he made friends with the prison keeper who connived at his escape.

He went first to [[Antwerp]] and then [[Augsburg]] and [[Strasbourg]] where his wife joined him. His wife and infant son died there of a [[Bubonic plague|plague]]. He then lived in [[Zürich]] until the accession of Elizabeth I made it safe for him to return to England; on the day of Elizabeth's coronation. On 19 February 1559 he married Cicely Wilford, sister of [[James Wilford]].

==Archbishop of York==
On his return he became successively [[Bishop of Worcester]], [[Bishop of London]] and [[Archbishop of York]]. He helped in the translation of a new version of the [[Bishops' Bible]]. Sandys's own personal copy may be seen in the [[Hawkshead Grammar School Museum]] in [[Cumbria]].

[[File:Archbishop Edwyn Sandys - geograph.org.uk - 1428646.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Memorial in [[Southwell Minster]]]]
Along with other [[Marian exiles]], who returned to positions of wealth and importance, Archbishop Sandys was concerned that true religion and sound learning would forever flourish in the land. They saw the necessity of education for religion's sake and the need for the [[Church of England]] to hold their own in discussion with Roman Catholics. To these ends Edwin Sandys founded [[Hawkshead Grammar School]] in 1585 and endowed it with sufficient land and property for it to offer a free education.

Sandys died on 10 July 1588, and was buried in [[Southwell Minster]] in [[Nottinghamshire]].

==Family==
[[File:English School 1571 portrait of cicely sandys nee wilford.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Sandys's second wife, Cicely Wilford, in 1571]]
Sandys was twice married. His first wife, Mary Sandys, died in 1558 at Strasbourg. They had one son:<ref name="TudorPlace">{{cite web|website=Tudor Place|title=Edwin Sandys (Archbishop of York)|url=http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Bios/EdwinSandys.htm|access-date=1 October 2019}}</ref>
* James Sandys (died 1557, Strasbourg)

On 19 February 1559, Sandys married Cicely Wilford, daughter of Thomas Wilford and sister of [[James Wilford]]. They had the following children:<ref name="TudorPlace"/>
* [[Samuel Sandys (died 1623)|Sir Samuel Sandys]] {{post-nominals|country=GBR|MP|JP}} (1560–1623)
* [[Edwin Sandys (died 1629)|Sir Edwin Sandys]] {{post-nominals|country=GBR|MP}} (1561–1629), Treasurer of the [[London Company|Virginia Company of London]]
* [[Sir Miles Sandys, 1st Baronet|Sir Miles Sandys]] {{post-nominals|country=GBR|Bt|MP}} (1563–1645)
* William Sandys (born 1565), died young
* Margaret Sandys (1566–1611), married Anthony Aucher, and gave birth to Elizabeth Archer, who married [[William Hammond (died 1685)|Sir William Hammond]].
* Thomas Sandys (1568–{{circa|1634}}), colonist, a first settler of [[Jamestown, Virginia]]
* Anne Sandys (1570–{{circa|1629}}), married [[William Barne (died 1619)|Sir William Barne]]
* Henry Sandys (1572–1626)
* [[George Sandys]] (1578–1644), traveller and poet, colonist in [[Virginia]]

In 1604 Cicely Sandys enlisted the support of [[Anne of Denmark]] in an unsuccessful attempt to found a university at [[Ripon]] in Yorkshire.<ref>[[Francis Peck]], ''Desiderata Curiosa'', vol. 1 (London, 1779), p. 290.</ref>

The Sandys family seat is now [[Graythwaite Hall]], a few miles south of Esthwaite.

{{Archbishop Sandys family tree}}

==References==
{{commons category|Edwin Sandys}}
{{Portal|Christianity}}
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite DNB|wstitle=Sandys, Edwin (1516?-1588)|last=Archbold|first=W. A. J.|volume=50}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-aca}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Reginald Bainbrigge]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=Master of [[St Catharine's College, Cambridge]]|years=1547–1554}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Edmund Cosyn]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Edward Hawford]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[List of Vice-Chancellors of the University of Cambridge|Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University]]|years=1552–1553}}
{{S-aft|after=[[John Young (Regius Professor)|John Young]]}}
{{S-rel|en}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Richard Pate (bishop)|Richard Pate]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Bishop of Worcester]]|years=1559–1570}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Nicholas Bullingham]]}}
{{S-bef|rows=2|before=[[Edmund Grindal]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Bishop of London]]|years=1570–1576}}
{{S-aft|after=[[John Aylmer (English constitutionalist)|John Aylmer]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Archbishop of York]]|years=1577–1588}}
{{S-aft|after=[[John Piers]]}}
{{s-end}}

== External links ==
{{Bishops of Worcester}}
{{Bishops of London}}
{{Archbishops of York}}
{{Masters of St Catharine's College, Cambridge}}
{{Vice-Chancellors of the University of Cambridge}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sandys, Edwin}}
[[Category:1519 births]]
[[Category:1588 deaths]]
[[Category:Bishops of London]]
[[Category:Bishops of Worcester]]
[[Category:Archbishops of York]]
[[Category:16th-century Church of England bishops]]
[[Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Doctors of Divinity]]
[[Category:Masters of St Catharine's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Vice-chancellors of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Marian exiles]]
[[Category:16th-century English translators]]
[[Category:People from St Bees]]
[[Category:People from Hawkshead]]
[[Category:Sandys family|Edwin]]
[[Category:16th-century Anglican theologians]]