View source for Elections in the Czech Republic

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{{Politics of the Czech Republic}}

All '''elections in the Czech Republic''' are based on the principle of [[universal suffrage]]. Any adult citizen who is at least 18 years old can vote, except those who have been stripped of their legal capacities by a court, usually on the basis of mental illness. Elected representatives are elected directly by the citizens without any intermediaries. Election laws are not part of the constitution, but – unlike regular laws – they cannot be changed without the consensus of both houses of the [[Parliament of the Czech Republic|Parliament]].<ref name="constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the Czech Republic |url=https://www.psp.cz/en/docs/laws/1993/1.html |website=Chamber of Deputies, Parliament of the Czech Republic |access-date=31 January 2021}}</ref> The Czech Republic uses a [[Two-round system|two-round]] [[plurality voting|plurality voting system]] for the presidential and Senate elections and an [[Open list|open]] [[party-list proportional representation|party-list]] [[proportional representation|proportional representation system]] for all other elections.

Elections are usually held over two days, from 14:00 to 22:00 on Friday and then from 8:00 to 14:00 on Saturday.

==System of elections==
===Presidential elections===

Any citizen aged 40 or over can stand for [[President of the Czech Republic|president]], unless they have already served two terms in the office or have been found guilty of [[treason]] by the [[Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic|Constitutional Court]]. From 1993 to 2008, presidents were elected by both houses of the [[Parliament of the Czech Republic|Parliament]] in three rounds of voting. Since the [[2013 Czech presidential election|2013 election]] the president is elected directly by the people in two rounds, where the top two candidates from the first round face each other again in the second round. Presidents are elected for five-year terms.

===Chamber of Deputies elections===

Any citizen aged 21 or over can stand as a candidate for the [[Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic|Chamber of Deputies]], which consists of 200 members elected for four-year terms. The Chamber of Deputies elections do not necessarily take place at fixed intervals as the Chamber of Deputies can be prematurely dissolved by the president, under conditions set by the Constitution. The president also decides the date of the elections, thereby starting the official election campaign, during which political parties' spending is capped by the law.

There are 14 [[Electoral district|voting districts]] for elections to the Chamber of Deputies, which correspond to the [[regions of the Czech Republic]]. Each of these voting districts has a different number of seats available, and parties submit ranked lists of candidates for each district. Candidates of a political party can only win a seat if their party received at least 5% of all valid votes nationally. Voters must choose only one political party to vote for, but they may use up to four [[open list|preferential vote]]s for particular candidates of that party, which affect the final order of the candidates on the party list. After the elections, the president nominates somebody (usually the head of the winning party) to form a new Cabinet.

===Senate elections===

Any citizen aged 40 or over can become a senator. The [[Senate of the Czech Republic|Senate]] consists of 81 members, elected for six-year terms. Elections are held every two years, with one third of Senate seats contested each time. The country is divided into 81 senate constituencies with roughly the same number of voters. The elections consist of two rounds, in which the top two candidates from the first round face each other again in the second round. The Senate elections – and especially the second rounds – have had the lowest voter turnouts of all Czech elections.

===European elections===

Any citizen aged 21 or over can represent the Czech Republic as a member of the [[European Parliament]]. The Czech Republic is assigned 21 out of 720 mandates in the European Parliament. [[Member of the European Parliament|Members of the European Parliament]] are elected for five-year terms. There is only one constituency and one list of candidates for the entire Czech Republic. Voters must choose one political party to vote for, but can use up to two [[Open list|preferential votes]] for particular candidates of that party, which affect the final order of the candidates on the party list.

===Regional elections===

Any citizen aged 18 or over can become a regional councilor. There are 13 [[Regional council of the Czech Republic|regional councils]], one for each [[Regions of the Czech Republic|region]] of the Czech Republic except the capital, Prague. The [[City Council of Prague]] has a special status and acts as both regional and municipal council. Members of regional councils are elected for four-year terms. Their number varies across the regions from 45 to 65. Candidates of a political party can only win a seat if their party gained at least 5% of all valid votes. Voters must choose one political party to vote for, but they can also use up to four [[Open list|preferential votes]]  for particular candidates of that party, which affect the final order of the candidates on the party list. Voters can only vote in the region where they have registered their permanent address.

Unlike in the case of the national cabinet, there is no individual person nominated to form a new regional cabinet. Whichever coalition forms a majority in the regional council chooses the president of the regional cabinet. Political parties can switch sides, end their support for the current president of the regional council and form a new regional cabinet without the need for early elections.

===Municipal elections===

Any citizen aged 18 or over can become a municipal councilor. Municipal councilors are elected for four-year terms. Voters can only vote in the municipality where they have registered their permanent address. The number of councilors for each municipality varies from 5 to 55. Each voter has a number of votes corresponding to the number of seats in that particular municipal council, which can be distributed freely across candidates of all political parties.

For a party to be eligible for representation, the total number of votes for a party divided by the number of seats in the municipal council and multiplied by the number of candidates nominated by that party must exceed 5% of the total number of valid votes cast in the municipality. The number of votes for a candidate of a party in proportion to the number of all votes cast for that party affects the final order of candidates on the party list.

===Referendums===
{{main|Referendums in the Czech Republic}}

The [[Constitution of the Czech Republic]] mentions referendums only in the context of "a referendum concerning the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union".<ref>{{cite web | title = Constitution of the Czech Republic | url = http://www.hrad.cz/en/czech-republic/constitution-of-the-cr.shtml | access-date = 2013-11-01 }}</ref> There are no other provisions concerning referendums. As such, the only state-wide referendum ever held in the Czech Republic was the [[2003 Czech European Union membership referendum|Czech European Union membership referendum]] in 2003. The [[government of the Czech Republic]] approved a referendum bill in 2005,<ref>{{cite web | last = Lazarová | first = Daniela | publisher = Radio Praha | title = Czech government approves referendum bill | date = 2005-03-10 | url = http://www.radio.cz/en/section/curraffrs/czech-government-approves-referendum-bill | access-date = 2013-11-01 }}</ref> but it was never passed by the parliament.

==Results of the latest elections==

===Latest presidential election===
{{Main|Czech presidential election, 2023}}

{{Election results
| cand1 = [[Petr Pavel]]
| party1 = Independent
| votes1 = 1975056
| votes1_2 = 3359151

| cand2 = [[Andrej Babiš]]
| party2 = [[ANO 2011]]
| votes2 = 1952213
| votes2_2 = 2400046

| cand3 = [[Danuše Nerudová]]
| party3 = Independent
| votes3 = 777080

| cand4 = [[Pavel Fischer]]
| party4 = Independent
| votes4 = 376705

| cand5 = [[Jaroslav Bašta]]
| party5 = [[Freedom and Direct Democracy]]
| votes5 = 248375

| cand6 = [[Marek Hilšer]]
| color6 = {{party color|Marek Hilšer}}
| party6 = Marek Hilšer to the Senate
| votes6 = 142912

| cand7 = [[Karel Diviš]]
| party7 = Independent
| votes7 = 75475

| cand8 = [[Tomáš Zima]]
| party8 = Independent
| votes8 = 30769

| invalid = 44227
| invalid2 = 28343

| electorate = 8245962
| electorate2 = 8242566

| source = [https://www.volby.cz/pls/prez2023/pe?xjazyk=EN Czech Statistical Office]
}}

===Latest Chamber of Deputies election===
{{Main|2021 Czech legislative election}}{{Election results|image=[[File:Czechia Chamber of Deputies 2021.svg]]|party1=[[Spolu (Czech Republic)|Spolu]]|votes1=1493905|sw1=+5.36|seats1=71|sc1=+29|party2=[[ANO 2011]]|votes2=1458140|sw2=–2.51|seats2=72|sc2=–6|party3=[[Pirates and Mayors]]|votes3=839776|sw3=–0.36|seats3=37|sc3=+9|color3=black|party4=[[Freedom and Direct Democracy]]|votes4=513910|sw4=–1.08|seats4=20|sc4=–2|party5=[[Přísaha]]|votes5=251562|sw5=New|seats5=0|sc5=New|party6=[[Czech Social Democratic Party]]|votes6=250397|sw6=–2.62|seats6=0|sc6=–15|color6={{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party (2021)}}|party7=[[Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia]]|votes7=193817|sw7=–4.16|seats7=0|sc7=–15|party8=[[Tricolour Citizens' Movement|Tricolour]]–[[Svobodní]]–[[Freeholder Party of the Czech Republic|Soukromníci]]|votes8=148463|sw8=+1.20|seats8=0|sc8=0|party9=[[Czech Sovereignty of Social Democracy|Free Bloc]]|votes9=71587|sw9=New|seats9=0|sc9=New|party10=[[Green Party (Czech Republic)|Green Party]]|votes10=53343|sw10=–0.47|seats10=0|sc10=0|party11=We Will Open Czechia|votes11=21804|sw11=New|seats11=0|sc11=New|color11=#334897|party12=Swiss Democracy|votes12=16823|sw12=New|seats12=0|sc12=New|party13=[[Moravané]]|votes13=14285|sw13=New|seats13=0|sc13=New|party14=[[Alliance for the Future (Czech Republic)|Alliance for the Future]]|votes14=11531|sw14=–0.11|seats14=0|sc14=0|party15=[[Koruna Česká (party)|Koruna Česká]]|votes15=8635|sw15=New|seats15=0|sc15=New|party16=Sources Movement|votes16=8599|sw16=New|seats16=0|sc16=New|color16=#04b0ee|party17=[[Urza.cz]]|votes17=6775|sw17=New|seats17=0|sc17=New|party18=[[Alliance of National Forces (Czech Republic)|Alliance of National Forces]]|votes18=5167|sw18=+0.09|seats18=0|sc18=0|party19=Pensioners 21|votes19=3698|sw19=New|seats19=0|sc19=New|color19=#a10a03|party20=[[Moravian Land Movement]]|votes20=1648|sw20=New|seats20=0|sc20=New|party21=[[The Left (Czech Republic)|The Left]]|votes21=639|sw21=New|seats21=0|sc21=New|party22=[[Right Bloc]]|votes22=586|sw22=+0.00|seats22=0|sc22=0|invalid=36794|total_sc=0|electorate=8275752|source=[https://www.volby.cz/pls/ps2021/ps2?xjazyk=CZ Volby] (results), [https://www.e15.cz/volby-snemovna E15] (seats)}}

===Latest Senate election===
{{main|2024 Czech Senate election}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|colspan=12|[[File:Senate_of_the_Czech_Republic_2020_Election_Result.svg|center|300px]]
|-
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Party
!colspan=3|First round
!colspan=3|Second round
!colspan=4|Seat totals
|-
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!Won
!Not up
!Total
!+/–
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)}};"|
|align=left|[[Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)|Civic Democratic Party]]||140,293||14.07||0||82,377||18.23||5||5||13||18||+3
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Mayors and Independents}};"|
|align=left|[[Mayors and Independents]]||122,948||12.33||1||104,538||23.13||10||11||8||19||+7
|-
|style="background:{{party color|ANO 2011}};"|
|align=left|[[ANO 2011]]||115,202||11.55||0||39,473||8.74||1||1||4||5||-1
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party}};"|
|align=left|[[Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party]]||82,814||8.30||0||65,397||14.47||3||3||9||12||-3
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Czech Social Democratic Party}};"|
|align=left|[[Czech Social Democratic Party]]||81,105||8.13||0||18,175||4.02||0||0||3||3||-10
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Freedom and Direct Democracy}};"|
|align=left|[[Freedom and Direct Democracy]]||60,284||6.04||0||–||–||–||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="background:{{party color|TOP 09}};"|
|align=left|[[TOP 09]]||46,575||4.67||0||33,938||7.51||2||2||3||5||+2
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia}};"|
|align=left|[[Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia]]||40,994||4.11||0||–||–||–||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Czech Pirate Party}};"|
|align=left|[[Czech Pirate Party]]||36,717||3.69||0||18,804||4.61||1||1||1||2||+1
|-
|style="background:#00A2AD;"|
|align=left|[[Senator 21]]||32,884||3.30||0||25,071||5.55||2||2||1||3||0
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Tricolour Citizens' Movement}};"|
|align=left|[[Tricolour Citizens' Movement]]||25,609||2.57||0||–||–||–||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Green Party (Czech Republic)}};"|
|align=left|[[Green Party (Czech Republic)|Green Party]]||11,315||1.13||0||8,085||1.79||0||0||1||1||0
|-
|style="background:#cdb649;"|
|align=left|[[Freeholder Party of the Czech Republic]]||11,213||1.12||0||8,499||1.88||0||0||0||0||-1
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Party of Free Citizens}};"|
|align=left|[[Party of Free Citizens]]||9,297||0,93||0||8,433||1.87||1||1||0||1||+1
|-
|
|align=left|Mayors and Personalities for Moravia||7,778||0.78||0||8,723||1.93||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|style="background:#4F689A;"|
|align=left|Hradec Králové Democratic Club||7,445||0.75||0||15,138||3.35||1||1||0||1||+1
|-
|style="background:lightblue;"|
|align=left|[[Severočeši.cz]]||1,645||0.16||0||–||–||–||0||1||1||0
|-
|
|align=left|[[Marek Hilšer]] for Senate||916||0.09||0||–||–||–||0||1||1||0
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
|align=left|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]||26,119||2.61||0||–||–||–||0||4||4||0
|-
|
|align=left|Invalid or blank votes||24,527||–||–||1,812||–||–||–||–||–||–
|-
|align=left colspan=2|Number of registered voters and [[voter turnout]]||2,815,827||36.29%||–||2,711,956||16.74%||–||–||–||–||–
|-
|colspan=12 align=left|Source: [https://volby.cz/pls/senat/se?xjazyk=CZ&xdatum=20201002 Volby.cz]
|}

==Overview of past elections==
{{Czech elections|state=expanded}}
{{Czechoslovakian elections}}
{{Elections in Austria-Hungary}}
{{Elections in Europe}}
{{Czech Republic topics}}

==See also==
* [[Electoral calendar]]
* [[Electoral system]]
* [[List of elections in the Czech Republic]]

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
*[http://www.volby.cz Official election website]
*[http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/c/czechrepublic/ Adam Carr's Election Archive]
* [http://www.nsd.uib.no/european_election_database/country/czech_republic/ NSD: European Election Database - Czech Republic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615004734/http://www.nsd.uib.no/european_election_database/country/czech_republic/ |date=2014-06-15 }} publishes regional level election data; allows for comparisons of election results, 1990-2010
*[http://www.politicaldatayearbook.com/Chart.aspx/95/Czech-Republic Czech Republic Election Data], ''European Journal of Political Research-Political Data Yearbook: Interactive''

[[Category:Elections in the Czech Republic| ]]