View source for Elizabeth of Hungary

{{short description|Hungarian princess and Christian saint}}
{{for|other Hungarian princesses named Elizabeth|Elizabeth of Hungary (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox saint 
|honorific_prefix=[[Saint]]
|name          = Elizabeth of Hungary 
|honorific_suffix=[[Third Order of Saint Francis|TOSF]]
|birth_date      =7 July 1207
|death_date      ={{death date and age|1231|11|17|1207|7|7|df=y}}
|feast_day       =17 November<br/>19 November ([[General Roman Calendar of 1960]])<ref>Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p. 108</ref>
|venerated_in    =[[Catholic Church]]<br/>[[Anglican Communion]]<br/>[[Lutheranism]]
|image           = Simone Martini 046.jpg
|imagesize       =
|caption         = Elizabeth of Hungary by [[Simone Martini]]
|birth_place     =[[Pozsony]], [[Kingdom of Hungary]] (modern-day [[Bratislava]], [[Slovakia]])
|death_place     =[[Marburg]], [[Landgraviate]] of [[Thuringia]], [[Holy Roman Empire]] (modern-day [[Hesse]], [[Germany]])
|titles          = 
|beatified_date  =
|beatified_place =
|beatified_by    =
|canonized_date  =27 May 1235<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uSdkRzfiBKYC&pg=PA4 |title=The Life and Afterlife of St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Testimony from her Canonization Hearings|editor1-first=Kenneth Baxter|editor1-last=Wolf |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |page=x |date=24 November 2010 |access-date=22 December 2013 |isbn=9780199732586}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ly7BPdXqI4kC&pg=PR6 |title=The life of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, Dutchess of Thuringia|editor1-last=Hackett|editor1-first=Mary |date=1848 |access-date=22 December 2013 |page=244}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Paolo Bonavoglia |url=http://astro.bonavoglia.eu/english/calendarmonth.phtml?JD=2172277 |title=Perpetual calendar |publisher=Astro.bonavoglia.eu |access-date=22 December 2013}}</ref>
|canonized_place =[[Perugia]], Italy
|canonized_by    =[[Pope Gregory IX]]
|attributes      =Roses, crown, food basket
|patronage       =hospitals; nurses; falsely accused people; bakers; brides; countesses; dying children; exiles; homeless people; lace-makers; widows; [[Bogotá]], [[Colombia]]; [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bogotá|Archdiocese of Bogotá]]; 
[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Jaro|Archdiocese of Jaro]]; [[Teutonic Order]]; [[Third Order of Saint Francis]]; [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]] and [[Košice]], [[Slovakia]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.teraz.sk/regiony/patronkou-kosic-bude-sv-alzbeta-uho/427934-clanok.html|title=VIDEO: Patrónkou Košíc bude sv. Alžbeta Uhorská, potvrdil to Vatikán|last=Teraz.sk|date=1970-01-01|website=TERAZ.sk|access-date=2019-11-04}}</ref>
|major_shrine    =[[St Elisabeth Cathedral|St Elisabeth Cathedral, Košice, Slovakia]]
<br>[[Elisabeth Church (Marburg)|St. Elizabeth Church, Marburg, Germany]]
}}

'''Elizabeth of Hungary''' ({{langx|de|Heilige Elisabeth von Thüringen}}, {{langx|hu|Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet}}, {{langx|sk|Svätá Alžbeta Uhorská}}; 7 July 1207{{snd}}17 November 1231), also known as '''Elisabeth of Thuringia''', was a princess of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] and the [[Landgrave|landgravine]] of [[Duchy of Thuringia|Thuringia]].

Elizabeth was married at the age of 14, and widowed at 20. After her husband's death, she regained her [[dowry]], using the money to build a hospital where she herself served the sick. She became a symbol of Christian charity after her death in 1231 at the age of 24 and was [[canonize]]d on 25 May 1235. She is venerated as a [[saint]] by the [[Catholic Church]]. She was an early member of the [[Third Order of St. Francis]], and is today honored as its [[patron saint|patroness]].

==Early life and marriage==
Elizabeth was the daughter of King [[Andrew II of Hungary]] and [[Gertrude of Merania]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Life and Afterlife of St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Testimony from her Canonization Hearings |editor-first=Kenneth Baxter |editor-last=Wolf |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010  |page=ix}}</ref> Her mother's sister was [[Hedwig of Andechs]], wife of Duke [[Henry the Bearded|Henry I of Silesia]].<ref name=bihl/> Her ancestry included many notable figures of European royalty, going back as far as [[Vladimir the Great]] of the [[Kievan Rus']].

According to tradition, she was born in [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]], possibly in the castle of [[Sárospatak]], on 7 July 1207.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Albrecht |first=Thorsten |author2=Atzbach, Rainer |title=Elisabeth von Thüringen: Leben und Wirkung in Kunst und Kulturgeschichte |publisher=[[Michael Imhof Verlag]] |year=2007 |location=Petersberg |page=7 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ohler |first=Norbert |title=Elisabeth von Thüringen: Fürstin im Dienst der Niedrigsten |publisher=Muster-Schmidt Verlag |year=2006 |location=Gleichen |page=15 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Zippert |first=Christian |author2=Gerhard Jost |title=Hingabe und Heiterkeit: Vom Leben und Wirken der heiligen Elisabeth |publisher=Verlag Evangelischer Medienverband |year=2007 |location=Kassel |page=9 }}</ref> However, a sermon printed in 1497 by the [[Franciscan]] [[friar]] [[Osvát Laskai|Osvaldus de Lasco]], a church official in Hungary, is the first source to specifically name [[Sárospatak]] as Elizabeth's birthplace, potentially building on local tradition. Osvaldus also translates the [[miracle of the roses]] to Elizabeth's childhood in Sárospatak and has her leave Hungary at the age of five.<ref>Ortrud Reber, ''Elizabeth von Thüringen, Landgräfin und Heilige'' (Regensburg: Pustet, 2006), pp. 33–34.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>

According to a different tradition she was born in [[Pozsony]], Hungary (present-day [[Bratislava]], [[Slovakia]]), where she lived in the [[Bratislava Castle|Castle of Posonium]] until the age of four. Elizabeth was brought to the court of the [[rulers of Thuringia]] in central Germany, to be betrothed to [[Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia]]<ref name=EB1911>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Elizabeth, Saint |volume=9 |page=287}}</ref> (also known as Ludwig IV), a future union which would reinforce political alliances between the two families.{{efn|group=lower-alpha|Some, however (see the ''Catholic Encyclopedia''), have suggested that Ludwig's brother Hermann was in fact the eldest, and that she was first betrothed to him until his death in 1232, but this is doubtful. An event of this magnitude would almost certainly be mentioned at least once in the many original sources at our disposal, and this is not the case. Rather, the 14th-century ''Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis'' specifically names Hermann as the second son.

In addition, the only contemporary document (dated 29 May 1214) that might support Hermann's claim to be the eldest by putting his name before that of Louis relates to a monastery in Hesse. This, it has been suggested, actually supports the claim that Hermann was the younger of the two, as Hesse was traditionally the domain of the second son, and thus it would be normal that his name be mentioned first, as this document deals with his territory.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ortrud |last=Reber |title=Elisabeth von Thüringen, Landgräfin und Heilige |location=[[Regensburg]] |publisher=[[Pustet]] |year=2006 |isbn=9783791720142}}</ref><!-- are these page numbers or do they refer to a journal? 58, 199 n. 14.-->}} She was raised by the Thuringian court and would have been familiar with the local language and culture.
[[File:StElisabethKošiceAltar.JPG|thumb|upright|left|''St. Elizabeth washing a sick man''—a scene from the main altar of [[St. Elisabeth Cathedral]] in [[Košice]], 15th century]]
In 1221, at the age of fourteen, Elizabeth married Louis; the same year he was enthroned as [[landgrave]], and the marriage appears to have been happy.

===Religious inclinations, influences===
In 1223, Franciscan friars arrived, and the teenage Elizabeth not only learned about the ideals of [[Francis of Assisi]], but started to live them.<ref name=foley>[http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Saints/saint.aspx?id=1202 Foley, OFM, Leonard, "St Elizabeth of Hungary", ''Saint of the Day, Lives, Lessons, and Feast'', (revised by Pat McCloskey OFM), Franciscan Media] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408024544/http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Saints/saint.aspx?id=1202 |date=2016-04-08 }}; {{ISBN|978-0-86716-887-7}}</ref> Louis was not upset by his wife's charitable efforts, believing that the distribution of his wealth to the poor would bring eternal reward; he is venerated in [[Thuringia]] as a saint, though he was never canonized by the church.

It was also about this time that the [[priest (Catholic Church)|priest]] and later [[Inquisition|inquisitor]] [[Konrad von Marburg]] gained considerable influence over Elizabeth when he was appointed as her [[confessor]]. In the spring of 1226, when floods, famine and [[epidemic|plague]] wrought havoc in Thuringia, Louis, a staunch supporter of the [[Hohenstaufen]] [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor]], represented Frederick II at the [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]] held in [[Cremona]].

Elizabeth assumed control of affairs at home and distributed alms in all parts of their territory, even giving away state robes and ornaments to the poor.

==Widowhood==
[[File:Marianne Stokes St Elizabeth of Hungary Spinning for the Poor.jpg|thumb|upright|''St. Elizabeth spinning wool for the poor'' by [[Marianne Stokes]] (1895)]]
Elizabeth's life changed irrevocably on 11 September 1227 when Louis, en route to join the [[Sixth Crusade]], died of a fever in [[Otranto]], [[Italy]], just a few weeks before the birth of her daughter Gertrude. Upon hearing the news of her husband's death, the 20-year-old Elizabeth reportedly said, "He is dead. He is dead. It is to me as if the whole world died today."<ref name=EB1911/><ref>Rainer Koessling, ed. and trans., ''Leben und Legende der heiligen Elisabeth nach Dietrich von Apolda'' (Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag, 1997), 52.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref> His remains were returned to Elizabeth in 1228 and entombed at the abbey of [[Reinhardsbrunn]].

After Louis' death, his brother, [[Henry Raspe]], assumed the regency during the minority of Elizabeth's eldest child, [[Hermann II, Landgrave of Thuringia|Hermann]] (1222–1241). After bitter arguments over the disposal of her dowry—a conflict in which Konrad was appointed as the official Defender of her case by [[Pope Gregory IX]]—Elizabeth left the court at [[Wartburg]] and moved to [[Marburg]] in [[Hesse]]. Her move seems to have been partly influenced by Konrad's strict dietary commands, which could not be met at Wartburg.<ref name=bihl/>

Following her husband's death, Elizabeth made solemn vows to Konrad similar to those of a [[nun]]. These vows included [[celibacy]], as well as complete obedience to Konrad as her confessor and [[spiritual director]]. Konrad's treatment of Elizabeth was extremely harsh, and he held her to standards of behavior which were almost impossible to meet. Among the punishments he is alleged to have ordered were physical beatings; he also ordered her to send away her three children. Her pledge to celibacy proved a hindrance to her family's political ambitions. Elizabeth was more or less held hostage at [[Pottenstein Castle|Pottenstein]], the castle of her uncle, Bishop Ekbert of Bamberg, in an effort to force her to remarry. Elizabeth, however, held fast to her vow, even threatening to cut off her own nose so that no man would find her attractive enough to marry.<ref>Rainer Koessling, ed. and trans., ''Leben und Legende der heiligen Elizabeth nach Dietrich von Apolda'' (Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag, 1997), 59.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>

Elizabeth's second child [[Sophie of Thuringia, Duchess of Brabant|Sophie of Thuringia]] (1224–1275) married [[Henry II, Duke of Brabant]], and was the ancestress of the Landgraves of Hesse, since in the [[War of the Thuringian Succession]] she won Hesse for her son [[Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse|Heinrich I]], called ''the Child''. Elizabeth's third child, [[Gertrude of Altenberg]] (1227–1297), was born several weeks after the death of her father; she became [[abbess]] of the [[monastery]] of Altenberg Abbey, Hesse near [[Wetzlar]].<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06533a.htm Ott, Michael. "Blessed Gertrude of Aldenberg." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 7 January 2020{{PD-notice}}</ref>

Elizabeth built a hospital at [[Marburg]] for the poor and the sick with the money from her dowry, where she and her companions cared for them.<ref>[[Arnald of Sarrant]], ''[[Chronicle of the Twenty-Four Generals of the Order of Friars Minor]]'', [https://www.academia.edu/41595097 trans. Noel Muscat, OFM] (TAU Franciscan Communications, 2010).</ref>

==The Miracles==
===Miracle of the roses===
[[File:Szent Erzsebet-templom 03.jpg|thumb|upright|right|A statue showing the miracle of the roses in the rose garden in front of the [[Gothic Revival|neo-Gothic]] church dedicated to her at Roses' Square (''Rózsák tere''), [[Budapest]]<ref>[http://rozsaktere.uw.hu/ ''Rózsák terei Szent Erzsébet Templon'']{{in lang|hu}}</ref>]]

The popular legend of the [[miracle of the roses]] was originally attributed to [[Elizabeth of Portugal]], is absent from Elizabeth of Thuringia's earliest hagiography and was only later attributed to the latter. It also appears in that of many other saints.

The version attributing it to Elizabeth of Hungary states that, while taking bread to the poor in secret, she met her husband Louis on a hunting party (or in some versions Louis' brother Heinrich Raspe), to quell suspicions of the gentry that she was stealing treasure from the castle, asked her to reveal what was hidden under her cloak. In that moment, her cloak fell open and a vision of white and red roses could be seen, which proved to Louis that God's protecting hand was at work.<ref name=Montalembert>[[Charles Forbes René de Montalembert]], ''[[Hagiography]] of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary'', 1839.<!-- publisher --></ref> However, this contradicts her ''vitae'', which state that her husband was never troubled by her charity and always supported it.<ref>{{inlang|de}} Helmut Zimmermann, Eckhard Bieger: Elisabeth – Heilige der christlichen Nächstenliebe. Verlagsgemeinschaft Topos plus, Kevelaer 2006, ISBN 3-7867-8598-8, OCLC 466938968, S. 46–48.</ref>

===Christ in the bed===
Another story told of Elizabeth, also found in Dietrich of Apolda's ''Vita'', relates how she laid the [[leper]] Helias of Eisenach in the bed she shared with her husband. Her mother-in-law, who was horrified, told this immediately to Louis on his return. When Louis removed the bedclothes in great indignation, at that instant "Almighty God opened the eyes of his soul, and instead of a leper he saw the figure of Christ crucified stretched upon the bed."<ref name=Montalembert/> This story also appears in [[Franz Liszt]]'s oratorio about Elizabeth.<ref name=mcnichols>{{cite journal |last=McNichols |first=William |title=Elizabeth of Hungary: For Everything There is a Season |journal=The Cord |date=November 1985 |volume=35 |issue=10 |pages=297–302 |url=http://puffin.creighton.edu/jesuit/andre/season.html |access-date=14 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528233318/http://puffin.creighton.edu/jesuit/andre/season.html |archive-date=28 May 2013}}</ref>

==Death and legacy==
[[File:Elisabethkirche2.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Elisabethkirche in Marburg]]
[[File:Elisabeth buiten markt.jpg|thumb|Elisabeth church in [[Grave, Netherlands|Grave]], [[Netherlands]]]]
[[File:Elisabethrelikvariet - Historiska museet - 41345 HST - 414828.jpg|thumb|Reliquary of St. Elizabeth]]
[[File:CapillaSantaIsabeldeHungría.jpg|thumb|Elizabeth Chapel where her relics lie, [[Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá]], Colombia]]

Elizabeth died in Marburg at the age of twenty-four,<ref name="Mueller127">Joan Mueller, ''A Companion to Clare of Assisi: Life, Writings, and Spirituality'', Vol. 21, (Brill, 2010), 127.</ref> on 17 November 1231.<ref name=bihl>{{Cite Catholic Encyclopedia |wstitle=St. Elizabeth of Hungary |volume=5 |first=Michael |last=Bihl}}</ref>

===Miracles after death and canonization===
Very soon after the death of Elizabeth, miracles were reported that happened at her grave in the church of the hospital, especially those of healing. On the suggestion of Konrad, and by papal command, examinations were held of those who had been healed between August 1232 and January 1235. The results of those examinations was supplemented by a brief ''vita'' of the saint-to-be, and together with the testimony of Elizabeth's handmaidens and companions (bound in a booklet called the ''Libellus de dictis quatuor ancillarum s. Elizabeth confectus''), proved sufficient reason for quick canonization. She was [[canonize]]d by [[Pope Gregory IX]] on 24 May 1235.<ref name="Mueller127"/>

The [[papal bull]] declaring her a saint is on display in the ''Schatzkammer'' of the [[Church of the Teutonic Order, Vienna|''Deutschordenskirche'' in Vienna]]. Her body was laid in a magnificent golden shrine—still to be seen today—in the [[St. Elizabeth's Church, Marburg|''Elisabethkirche'']] in Marburg. Marburg became a center of the [[Teutonic Order]], which adopted Saint Elizabeth as its secondary patroness. The Order remained in Marburg until its official dissolution by [[Napoleon]] in 1803. The ''Elisabethkirche'' is now a Protestant church, but has spaces set aside for Catholic worship.

Elizabeth's shrine became one of the main German centers of [[pilgrimage]] of the 14th century and early 15th century. During the course of the 15th century, the popularity of the cult of Saint Elizabeth slowly faded, though to some extent this was mitigated by an aristocratic devotion to St Elizabeth, since through her daughter Sophia she was an ancestor of many leading aristocratic German families.

Three hundred years after her death, one of Elizabeth's many descendants, [[Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse]], a leader of the [[Protestant Reformation]], raided the church in Marburg. He demanded that the Teutonic Order hand over Elizabeth's bones, in order to disperse her relics and thus put an end to the already declining pilgrimages to Marburg.<ref name=bihl/> Philip took away the crowned agate chalice in which her head rested, but returned it after being imprisoned by [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]].

The [[Reliquary of St. Elizabeth|reliquary chalice]] was subsequently plundered by Swedish troops during the [[Thirty Years' War]], and is now on display at the [[Swedish History Museum]].<ref name=swhist>{{cite web |url=http://historiska.se/utstallningar/guldrummet |title=Guldrummet - Krigsbyten |language=sv |author=Swedish History Museum staff|access-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> Her skull and some of her bones can be seen at the convent in Vienna bearing her name. A portion of her relics were kept in the church of the Carmelites in [[Brussels]]; another in the magnificent chapel of [[La Roche-Guyon]], and a considerable part in a precious shrine is in the electoral treasury of Hanover.<ref>[https://catholicsaints.info/butlers-lives-of-the-saints-saint-elizabeth-of-hungary-widow/ Butler, Alban. "Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, Widow". ''Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Principal Saints'', 1866. CatholicSaints.Info. 7 May 2016]</ref> Another part of her relics were taken to [[Bogotá]], then the capital of the Spanish [[New Kingdom of Granada]], by friar [[Luis Zapata de Cárdenas]]. The relics are today inside a chapel dedicated to the saint in the [[Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá]].

Elizabeth of Hungary is [[Calendar of saints (Church of England)|remembered in the Church of England]] with a [[Lesser Festival (Anglicanism)|Lesser Festival]] on 18 November<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Calendar|url=https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar|access-date=2021-03-27|website=The Church of England|language=en}}</ref> and in the [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)|Episcopal Church]] on [[November 19|19 November]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bEq7DwAAQBAJ |title=Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018 |date=2019-12-17 |publisher=Church Publishing, Inc. |isbn=978-1-64065-235-4 |language=en}}</ref>

===Association with the Franciscans===
After her death, Elizabeth was commonly associated with the [[Third Order of Saint Francis]], the primarily [[laity|lay]] branch of the Franciscan Order, which has helped propagate her cult. Whether she ever actually joined the order, only recently founded in 1221, the year when she married Louis at the age of fourteen, is not proven to everyone's satisfaction.<ref>See Kaspar Elm, "Die Stellung der Frau in Ordenswesen, Semireligiosentum und Häresie zur Zeit der heiligen Elisabeth" (''Sankt Elisabeth: Fürstin, Dienerin, Heilige''), Sigmaringen: Thorbecke, 1981; pp. 7–28.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>

It must be kept in mind though that the Third Order was such a new development in the Franciscan movement, that no one official ritual had been established at that point. Elizabeth clearly had a ceremony of [[consecration]] in which she adopted a Franciscan [[religious habit]] in her new way of life, as noted above.

Because of her support of the friars sent to Thuringia, she was made known to the founder, St [[Francis of Assisi]], who sent her a personal message of blessing shortly before his death in 1226. Upon her canonization, she was declared the [[patron saint]] of the Third Order of St Francis, an honor she shares with St [[Louis IX of France]].

==Depiction in art and music==
Saint Elizabeth is often depicted holding a basket of bread, or some other sort of food or beverage, characteristic of her devotion to the poor and hungry.<ref>''Birmingham Museum of Art: guide to the collection.'' Birmingham, Ala: Birmingham Museum of Art, 2010.<!-- ISSN/ISBN & pages needed, if any --></ref> The "miracle of the roses" has also proved a popular theme for artists.
<gallery>
File:Pietro Nelli - Elizabeth van Hongarije.JPG|[[Pietro Nelli]], St Elisabeth of Hungary, {{c.}} 1365 (1363–1367), tempera, gold and panel, Bonnefantenmuseum, [[Maastricht]]
File:Rosenwunder.jpg|[[Miracle of the roses]]
File:St.Elizabeth of Hungary Ottawa St.Patrick Basilica.jpg|Stained-glass portrayal of St. Elizabeth's miracle of the roses at [[St Patrick's Basilica, Ottawa]]
File:Elisabeth elisabeth05.jpg|From Sint Elisabethskerk, [[Grave, Netherlands]]
File:Elisabeth elisabeth03.jpg|From Sint Elisabethskerk, [[Grave, Netherlands]]
File:Statue of Saint Elizabeth.JPG|Statue of Saint Elizabeth in St Francis Xavier Catholic Church, [[Superior, Wisconsin]]
File:Berg Maria Trost - Erasmusaltar 5 St.Elisabeth von Thüringen.jpg|Berg Maria Trost – St Elisabeth von Thüringen
File:Karl von Blaas Rosenwunder.jpg|[[Karl von Blaas]], ''Rosenwunder''
File:St Elisabeth of Hungary (18. century, stained glass).jpg|St. Elisabeth of Hungary (stained glass, 18th century, [[City Museum of Ljubljana]])
File:Bayerisches Nationalmuseum 9.jpg|alt=A wooded sculpture of St. Elizabeth. She has on a 15th-century style dress and wears a cloak which falls to mid shin. She holds a pitcher in her left hand and at her right foot a small depiction of a man kneels and gazes up at her.|St. Elisabeth of Hungary ([[Tilman Riemenschneider]], [[limewood]], {{Circa|1492}}, [[Bavarian National Museum|Bayerisches Nationalmuseum]], [[Munich]])
File:Elisabet av Thüringen.jpg|''The Charity of [[Elisabeth of Thuringia|Elisabeth of Hungary]]'' (1915) by [[Edmund Blair Leighton]]
</gallery>

[[Peter Janssens]] composed a musical play ("Musikspiel") ''Elisabeth von Thüringen'' in 1984 on a libretto by {{ill|Hermann Schulze-Berndt|de}}.

In [[Charlotte Brontë]]'s novel [[Villette (novel)|''Villette'']], the Protestant narrator includes the story of Elizabeth's involvement with von Marburg as one of several Catholic stories of confessors "who had wickedly abused their office, trampling to deep degradation high-born ladies, making of countesses and princesses the most tormented slaves under the sun."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bronte|first=Charlotte|title=Villette|publisher=Random House, Inc.|year=1992|isbn=978-0-307-45556-7|location=United States of America|pages=149–150}}</ref>

==2007 octocentennial celebrations==
The year 2007 was proclaimed '''''Elizabeth Year''''' in Marburg. All year, events commemorating Elizabeth's life and works were held, culminating in a town-wide festival to celebrate the 800th anniversary of her birth on 7 July 2007. Pilgrims came from all over the world for the occasion, which ended with a special service in the Elisabeth Church that evening.

A new musical based on Elizabeth's life, ''Elisabeth--die Legende einer Heiligen'' (''Elizabeth--Legend of a Saint''), starring Sabrina Weckerlin as Elizabeth, Armin Kahn as Ludwig, and Chris Murray as Konrad, premiered in Eisenach in 2007. It was performed in Eisenach and Marburg for two years, and closed in Eisenach in July 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spotlightmusical.de |title=2013: Die Päpstin - Das Musical |publisher=Spotlightmusical.de |date=21 July 2013 |access-date=22 December 2013 |language=de}}</ref><ref>[[:de:Elisabeth – Die Legende einer Heiligen (Musical)]]</ref>

The entire Third Order of St. Francis, both the friars and sisters of the Third Order Regular and the [[Secular Franciscan Order]], joined in this celebration through a two-year-long program of study of her life. This was conducted throughout the Order, across the globe. There were also religious ceremonies held worldwide during that period. The yearlong observance of the centennial which began on her [[feast day]] in 2007 was closed at the [[General Chapter]] of the Order, held in [[Budapest]] in 2008. The New York region of the Order produced a movie of her life, produced by a sister of the Order, Lori Pieper.<ref>[http://www.ciofs.org/video/ENstehtrl.html ''A Woman for our Times''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311230908/http://www.ciofs.org/video/ENstehtrl.html |date=2012-03-11 }}, ciofs.org; accessed 5 November 2017.</ref>

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Saint Elisabeth of Hungary'''
|2= 2. [[Andrew II of Hungary]]
|3= 3. [[Gertrude of Merania]]
|4= 4. [[Béla III of Hungary]]
|5= 5. [[Agnes of Antioch]]
|6= 6. [[Berthold IV, Duke of Merania]]
|7= 7. [[Agnes of Wettin and Rochlitz]]
|8= 8. [[Géza II of Hungary]]
|9= 9. [[Euphrosyne of Kiev]]
|10= 10. [[Raynald of Châtillon]]
|11= 11. [[Constance of Antioch]]
|12= 12. [[Berthold I of Istria|Berthold III, Count of Andechs]]
|13= 13. [[Hedwig of Wittelsbach]]
|14= 14. [[Dedi III, Margrave of Lusatia]]
|15= 15. [[Matilda of Heinsberg]]
|16= 16. [[Béla II of Hungary]]
|17= 17. [[Helena of Raška]]
|18= 18. [[Mstislav I of Kiev]]
|19= 19. [[Liubava Dmitrievna Zavidich]]
|20= 20. Henri, Lord of Châtillon
|21= 21. Ermengarde de Montjay
|22= 22. [[Bohemund II of Antioch]]
|23= 23. [[Alice of Antioch|Alice of Jerusalem]]
|24= 24. [[Berthold II, Count of Andechs]]
|25= 25. [[Sophie of Istria]]
|26= 26. [[Otto IV, Count of Wittelsbach]]
|27= 27. [[Heilika of Pettendorf-Lengenfeld]]-Hopfenohe
|28= 28. [[Conrad, Margrave of Meissen]]
|29= 29. [[Luitgard of Elchingen-Ravenstein]]
|30= 30. [[Goswin II of Heinsberg]]
|31= 31. [[Aleidis von Sommerschenburg]]
}}

==Honors==
Saint Elizabeth of Hungary: On the 700-year anniversary of her death, Hungary issued a set of four stamps in her honor: on 21 April 1932;<ref>colnect.com/en/stamps/list/country/6955-Hungary/year/1932</ref> on 1 August 1944 one postage stamp was issued;<ref>colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179971-St_Elizabeth_1207-1231-Great_Women_of_Hungarian_History-Hungary</ref> on 16 July 1938 Czechoslovakia issued a stamp in her honor showing the [[Cathedral of St. Elizabeth]] in [[Košice]].<ref>colnect.com/en/stamps/list/country/7068-Czechoslovakia/year/1938/item_name/st+elizabeth</ref> She was declared the patron saint of the same city in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kosice.korzar.sme.sk/c/22262120/svata-alzbeta-uhorska-je-oficialne-patronkou-kosic.html|title=Svätá Alžbeta Uhorská je oficiálne patrónkou Košíc|last=a.s|first=Petit Press|website=kosice.korzar.sme.sk|language=sk|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref>

The hymn "[[Wenn das Brot, das wir teilen]]", written for a pilgrimage to places in Thuringia connected to her life, refers to her Miracle of the roses, and mentions other works of charity.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Granacher
| first = René
| url = https://bistummainz.de/pfarrei/biebesheim/aktuell/nachrichten/nachricht/Wenn-das-Brot-das-wir-teilen-als-Rose-blueht-Modernes-aus-der-DDR/
| title = "Wenn das Brot, das wir teilen, als Rose blüht" – Modernes aus der DDR
| website = [[Diocese of Mainz]]
| date = 14 November 2020
| language = de
| access-date = 31 October 2021
}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Elisabeth of Hungary Moroder.jpg|Woodcarved polychrome sculpture of St Elizabeth with a beggar, by Rudolf Moroder, [[Parish church of Urtijëi]], Italy
File:Bitschnau-863 Elisabeth-pic-sepia.jpg|Saint Elizabeth takes care of the sick.
File:Elisabeth elisabeth01.jpg|From Sint Elisabethskerk, [[Grave, Netherlands]]
File:Elisabeth elisabeth02.jpg|From Sint Elisabethskerk, [[Grave, Netherlands]]
File:Elisabet av Thüringen.jpg|The Charity of St Elizabeth of Hungary, 1895
File:Wartburg 01.jpg|The Elizabeth Bower, [[Wartburg]]
File:Calderon Philip Hermogenes St Elizabeth of Hungary.jpg|[[Philip Hermogenes Calderon]], ''[[Saint Elizabeth of Hungary's Great Act of Renunciation]]'' (1891)
File:Saint Elizabeth of Hungary by Master IE - BMA.jpg|Engraved print of St Elizabeth, [[Birmingham Museum of Art]]
File:Théophile Lybaert - Saint Elizabeth of Hungary.jpeg|Saint Elizabeth of Hungary by [[Théophile Lybaert]]
File:Portrait of Sainte Elizabeth Duchesse de Turinge (4670524).jpg|17th-century engraving of Saint Elizabeth with a beggar, by A. Houatt
File:Elisabethrelikvariet.jpg|The [[Reliquary of St. Elizabeth]], taken as war booty by the Swedish army during the [[Thirty Years' War]] and currently in the [[Swedish History Museum]], Stockholm
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Hungarian nobility]]
*[[Isten, hazánkért térdelünk]]
*[[Portal:Catholic Church/Patron Archive/November 17|Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, patron saint archive]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* de Robeck, Nesta. ''Saint Elizabeth of Hungary: A Story of Twenty-Four Years''. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1954. 
* Seesholtz, Anne. ''Saint Elizabeth: Her Brother's Keeper''. New York: Philosophical Library, 1948.
* Coudenhove, Ida Friederike. "[[The Nature of Sanctity|The Nature of Sanctity: A Dialogue]]". In ''Essays on Religion and Culture'', edited by T. F. Burns and Christopher Dawson, translated by Ruth Bonsall And Edward Watkin, 1:125–96. The Persistence of Order. Providence, RI: Cluny Media, 2019.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Elisabeth of Hungary, Landgravine of Thuringia}}
* {{cite web | url = http://saints.sqpn.com/sainte01.htm | title = Saint Elizabeth of Hungary - Patron Saints Index | via = saints.sqpn.com | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081122012747/http://saints.sqpn.com/sainte01.htm |archive-date = November 22, 2008 | url-status = live}}
* {{cite web | url = http://www.heroicage.org/issues/10/bio2.html | title = Saint Elisabeth of Thuringia, 1207-2007 | website = heroicage.org | language = en}}
* {{cite web | url = http://www.christianiconography.info/elizabethHungary.html | title = Saint Elizabeth of Hungary profile | language = en | website = christianiconography.info}}
*{{cite web | url = http://www.christianiconography.info/goldenLegend/elizabethHungary.htm | title = Here Followeth the Life of St Elizabeth | website = christianiconography.info | language = en}}
* {{cite web | url = https://catholicsaints.info/saint-elizabeth-of-hungary/ | title = Biography of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary | website = aints.info | language = en | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150424015146/https://catholicsaints.info/saint-elizabeth-of-hungary/ | archive-date = April 24, 2015 | url-status = live}}
* {{cite EB9 |wstitle = St Elizabeth |volume= VIII | page=145 |short=1 }}
* {{cite web | url = https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22beth%2C%20of%20Hungary%2C%20Saint%2C%201207-1231%22%20%20OR%20creator%3A%22beth%2C%20of%20Hungary%2C%20Saint%2C%201207-1231%22%20%20OR%20title%3A%22beth%2C%20of%20Hungary%2C%20Saint%2C%201207-1231%22%20%20OR%20description%3A%22beth%2C%20of%20Hungary%2C%20Saint%2C%201207-1231%22%29%20OR%20%28%221207-1231%22%20AND%20%22Elizabeth%2C%20of%20Hungary%22%29%29%20%20AND%20%28-mediatype%3Asoftware%29 | title = Works by or about Saint Elizabeth of Hungary | website = [[Internet Archive|archive.org]]}}
* {{cite web | url = https://digilander.libero.it/raxdi/inglese/index4.htm | title = Elizabeth of Hungary: princess and saint| website = Invisible Monastery of charity and fraternity - Christian family prayer | language = en| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110316185443/https://digilander.libero.it/raxdi/inglese/index4.htm | archive-date = March 16, 2011 | url-status = live}}
* {{cite web | url = http://www.itmonline.org/bodytheology/stelizabeth.htm | title = St. Elizabeth of Hungary, founder of hospitals | language = en | website = itmonline.org | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060926135857/http://www.itmonline.org/bodytheology/stelizabeth.htm | archive-date = September 26, 2006 | url-status = live}}

{{Portalbar|Saints}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Elizabeth of Hungary}}
[[Category:1207 births]]
[[Category:1231 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Sárospatak]]
[[Category:Hungarian princesses]]
[[Category:Princesses in the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Hungarian people of German descent]]
[[Category:Beatified and canonised Árpádians]]
[[Category:Hungarian emigrants to Germany]]
[[Category:Landgravines of Thuringia]]
[[Category:Members of the Third Order of Saint Francis]]
[[Category:Hungarian Christian royal saints]]
[[Category:German Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:Pre-Reformation Anglican saints]]
[[Category:Medieval Hungarian saints]]
[[Category:Medieval German saints]]
[[Category:Pre-Reformation saints of the Lutheran liturgical calendar]]
[[Category:Burials at St. Elizabeth's Church, Marburg]]
[[Category:Franciscan saints]]
[[Category:13th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:Female saints of medieval Germany]]
[[Category:Female saints of medieval Hungary]]
[[Category:13th-century German people]]
[[Category:13th-century German women]]
[[Category:13th-century Hungarian people]]
[[Category:13th-century Hungarian women]]
[[Category:Anglican saints]]
[[Category:Daughters of kings]]
[[Category:People from Bratislava]]
[[Category:Mothers of German monarchs]]
[[Category:13th-century Hungarian nobility]]