View source for Emberiza

{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{about||New World buntings|Passerina|other birds called bunting|Bunting (disambiguation){{!}}bunting}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Goldammer Emberiza citrinella.jpg
| image_caption = Male [[Emberiza citrinella]]
| parent_authority = [[Nicholas Aylward Vigors|Vigors]], 1831
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Emberiza
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision = 44, see [[#List of species|text]]
| synonyms = *''Onychospina'' <small>Bonaparte, 1853</small>
*''Onychospiza'' <small>Rey, 1872 (incorrect subsequent spelling)</small>
|type_species =''[[Emberiza citrinella]]''
}}

The '''buntings''' are a group of [[Old World]] [[passerine]] birds forming the [[genus]] '''''Emberiza''''', the only genus in the [[Family (biology)|family]] '''Emberizidae'''. The family contains 44 species. They are [[seed]]-eating birds with stubby, conical bills.

==Taxonomy==
The family Emberizidae was formerly much larger and included the species now placed in the [[Passerellidae]] (New World sparrows) and [[Calcariidae]] (longspurs and snow buntings). Molecular phylogenetic studies found that the large family consisted of distinct clades that were better treated as separate families.<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Barker | first1=F.K. | last2=Burns | first2=K.J. | last3=Klicka | first3=J. | last4=Lanyon | first4=S.M. | last5=Lovette | first5=I.J. | year=2013 | title=Going to extremes: contrasting rates of diversification in a recent radiation of New World passerine birds | journal=Systematic Biology | volume=62 | issue=2 | pages=298–320 | doi=10.1093/sysbio/sys094 | pmid=23229025 | doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Barker | first1=F.K. | last2=Burns | first2=K.J. | last3=Klicka | first3=J. | last4=Lanyon | first4=S.M. | last5=Lovette | first5=I.J. | year=2015 | title=New insights into New World biogeography: An integrated view from the phylogeny of blackbirds, cardinals, sparrows, tanagers, warblers, and allies | journal=Auk | volume=132 | issue=2 | pages=333–346 | doi=10.1642/AUK-14-110.1 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

The [[genus]] ''Emberiza'' is now the only genus placed in the family Emberizidae.<ref name=ioc/> The genus was introduced by the Swedish naturalist [[Carl Linnaeus]] in 1758 in the [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|tenth edition]] of his ''[[Systema Naturae]]''.<ref>{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1| edition=10th | page=176 | publisher=Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii  | language=la | url= https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727083 }}</ref> The [[type species]] was subsequently designated as the [[yellowhammer]] (''Emberiza citrinella'').<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1970 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=13 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=5 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483240 }}</ref> The genus name ''Emberiza'' is from [[Old German]] {{Lang|goh|Embritz}}, a bunting.<ref name =job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A. | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher=Christopher Helm | location = London, United Kingdom | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page =[https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n145 145] }}</ref> The origin of the English "bunting" is unknown.<ref name=OED>{{ OED |Bunting}}</ref>

A 2008 genetic study found that three emberizid species that were placed in their own [[monotypic]] genera clustered within the ''Emberiza''. These were the [[crested bunting]] (''Melophus lathami''), the [[slaty bunting]] (''Latouchiornis siemsseni''), and the [[corn bunting]] (''Miliaria calandra'').<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Alström | first1=P. | last2=Olsson | first2=U. | last3=Lei | first3=F. | last4=Wang | first4=H. | last5=Gao | first5=W. | last6=Sundberg | first6=P. | year=2008 | title=Phylogeny and classification of the Old World Emberizini (Aves, Passeriformes) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=47 | issue=3 | pages=960–973 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2007.12.007 | pmid=18411062 | bibcode=2008MolPE..47..960A }}</ref> All three species are now included in the genus ''Emberiza''.<ref name=ioc/>

A large DNA-based study of the passerines published in 2019 found that the buntings are most closely related to the longspurs and snow buntings in the family [[Calcariidae]].<ref name=oliveros>{{ cite journal | last1=Oliveros | first1=C.H. | display-authors=etal | year=2019 | title=Earth history and the passerine superradiation | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume=116 | issue=16 | pages=7916–7925 | doi=10.1073/pnas.1813206116 | doi-access=free | pmid=30936315 | pmc=6475423 | bibcode=2019PNAS..116.7916O }}</ref>

Ornithologists [[Edward C. Dickinson|Edward Dickinson]] and [[Leslie Christidis]] in the fourth edition of the ''[[Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World]]'' chose to split up ''Emberiza'' and recognise the genera ''Fringillaria'', ''Melophus'', ''Granativora'', ''Emberiza'', and ''Schoeniclus''.<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last1=Dickinson | editor-first1=E.C. | editor1-link=Edward C. Dickinson  | editor-last2=Christidis | editor-first2=L. | editor2-link=Leslie Christidis | year=2014 | title=The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World | volume=2: Passerines | edition=4th | place=Eastbourne, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-2-2 | pages=353–357 }}</ref> Their example has not been followed by the online version of the ''[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]''<ref>{{cite web | editor-last=del Hoyo | editor-first=Joseph | title=Taxonomic structure and notes: Emberizidae | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=https://www.hbw.com/our-taxonomy#Emberizidae | access-date=25 June 2019}}</ref> nor by [[Frank Gill (ornithologist)|Frank Gill]] and David Donsker in the list of world birds that they maintain on behalf of the [[International Ornithologists' Union]].<ref name=ioc/> The [[British Ornithologists' Union]] has argued that splitting the genus provides little benefit and destabilizes the nomenclature.<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Sangster | first1=G. | display-authors=etal | author1-link=George Sangster | year=2016 | title=Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palearctic birds: 11th report | journal=Ibis | volume=158 | issue=1 | pages=206–212 | doi=10.1111/ibi.12322 | doi-access=}}</ref>

Species in the [[New World]] genus ''[[Passerina]]'' include the word "bunting" in their common names, but are now classed in the family [[Cardinalidae]].<ref>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2019 | title=Cardinals, grosbeaks and (tanager) allies | work=World Bird List Version 9.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/cardinals/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=24 June 2019 }}</ref>

The family is divided into four major clades. The species in Clade I are mainly African while those in Clades II to IV are Palearctic:<ref name=cai>{{Cite journal | last1=Cai | first1=T. | last2=Wu | first2=G. | last3=Sun | first3=L. | last4=Zhang | first4=Y. | last5=Peng | first5=Z. | last6=Guo | first6=Y. | last7=Liu | first7=X. | last8=Pan | first8=T. | last9=Chang | first9=J. | last10=Sun | first10=Z. | last11=Zhang | first11=B. | title=Biogeography and diversification of Old World buntings (Aves: Emberizidae): radiation in open habitats | journal=Journal of Avian Biology | year=2021 | volume=52 | issue=6 | article-number=jav.02672 | doi=10.1111/jav.02672| s2cid=236608560 }}</ref>

The [[cladogram]] below is based on a study published in 2021. The phylogenetic relationships of two African species, the [[brown-rumped bunting]] (''Emberiza affinis'') and [[Vincent's bunting]] (''Emberiza vincenti''), were not determined.<ref name=cai/>

{{Clade| style=font-size:90%;line-height:90%
|label1=Emberizidae
|1={{clade
   |label1=Clade I
   |1={{clade
      |1={{clade
         |1=[[Cabanis's bunting]] – ''Emberiza cabanisi''
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Golden-breasted bunting]] – ''Emberiza flaviventris''
            |2=[[Somali bunting]] – ''Emberiza poliopleura''
            }}
         }}
      |2={{clade
         |1=[[Cape bunting]] – ''Emberiza capensis''
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Lark-like bunting]] – ''Emberiza impetuani''
            |2={{clade
               |1=[[Socotra bunting]] – ''Emberiza socotrana''
               |2={{clade
                  |1={{clade
                     |1=[[Gosling's bunting]] – ''Emberiza goslingi''
                     |2=[[Cinnamon-breasted bunting]] – ''Emberiza tahapisi''
                     }}
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=[[House bunting]] – ''Emberiza sahari''
                     |2=[[Striolated bunting]] – ''Emberiza striolata''
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   |2={{clade
      |label1=Clade II
      |1={{clade
         |1={{clade
            |1=[[Yellow-throated bunting]] – ''Emberiza elegans''
            |2=[[Slaty bunting]] – ''Emberiza siemsseni''
            }}
         |2={{clade
            |1={{clade
               |1=[[Ochre-rumped bunting]] – ''Emberiza yessoensis''
               |2={{clade
                  |1=[[Pallas's reed bunting]] – ''Emberiza pallasi''
                  |2=[[Common reed bunting]] – ''Emberiza schoeniclus''
                  }}
               }}
            |2={{clade
               |1={{clade
                  |1=[[Yellow-browed bunting]] – ''Emberiza chrysophrys''
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=[[Tristram's bunting]] – ''Emberiza tristrami''
                     |2=[[Grey bunting]] – ''Emberiza variabilis''
                     }}
                  }}
               |2={{clade
                  |1={{clade
                     |1=[[Yellow-breasted bunting]] – ''Emberiza aureola''
                     |2=[[Chestnut bunting]] – ''Emberiza rutila''
                     }}
                  |2={{clade
                     |1={{clade
                        |1=[[Little bunting]] – ''Emberiza pusilla''
                        |2=[[Rustic bunting]] – ''Emberiza rustica''
                        }}
                     |2={{clade
                        |1=[[Black-faced bunting]] – ''Emberiza spodocephala''
                        |2=[[Yellow bunting]] – ''Emberiza sulphurata''
                        }}
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      |2={{clade
         |label1=Clade III
         |1={{clade
            |1=[[Crested bunting]] – ''Emberiza lathami''
            |2={{clade
               |1=[[Red-headed bunting]] – ''Emberiza bruniceps''
               |2=[[Black-headed bunting]] – ''Emberiza melanocephala''
               }}
            }}
         |label2=Clade IV
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Corn bunting]] – ''Emberiza calandra''
            |2={{clade
               |1=[[Chestnut-eared bunting]] – ''Emberiza fucata''
               |2={{clade
                  |1=[[Tibetan bunting]] – ''Emberiza koslowi''
                  |2={{clade
                     |1={{clade
                        |1=[[Jankowski's bunting]] – ''Emberiza jankowskii''
                        |2={{clade
                           |1=[[Meadow bunting]] – ''Emberiza cioides''
                           |2={{clade
                              |1=[[Rock bunting]] – ''Emberiza cia''
                              |2=[[Godlewski's bunting]] – ''Emberiza godlewskii''
                              }}
                           }}
                        }}
                     |2={{clade
                        |1={{clade
                           |1=[[Grey-necked bunting]] – ''Emberiza buchanani''
                           |2={{clade
                              |1=[[Cinereous bunting]] – ''Emberiza cineracea''
                              |2={{clade
                                 |1=[[Cretzschmar's bunting]] – ''Emberiza caesia''
                                 |2=[[Ortolan bunting]] – ''Emberiza hortulana''
                                 }}
                              }}
                           }}
                        |2={{clade
                           |1=[[Cirl bunting]] – ''Emberiza cirlus''
                           |2={{clade
                              |1=[[White-capped bunting]] – ''Emberiza stewarti''
                              |2={{clade
                                 |1=[[Yellowhammer]] – ''Emberiza citrinella''
                                 |2=[[Pine bunting]] – ''Emberiza leucocephalos''
                                 }}
                              }}
                           }}
                        }}
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}         
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}

==List of species==
The genus contains 44 species.<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2021 | title=Sylviid babblers, parrotbills, white-eyes | work=IOC World Bird List Version 12.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/sylvias/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=22 May 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable collapsible"
|-
! Image !! Common name !! Scientific name !!  Distribution 
|-
|[[File:A Rare Crested Bunting (50027361348).jpg|120px]] || [[Crested bunting]] ||''Emberiza lathami''|| Southeast Asia.
|-
| [[File:Emberiza siemsseni.jpg|center|frameless|120x120px]]|| [[Slaty bunting]] ||''Emberiza siemsseni''||China.
|-
|[[File:Corn Bunting. Miliaria calandra (32291261152).jpg|120px]] || [[Corn bunting]] ||''Emberiza calandra''||Western Europe and North Africa across to northwestern China. 
|-
|[[File:Goldammer Emberiza citrinella.jpg|120px]] || [[Yellowhammer]] ||''Emberiza citrinella''||southeast England and most of Europe east to the northwestern corner of Russia and western Ukraine.
|-
|[[File:Pine Bunting (Emberiza leucocephalos) - Цагааншанаат хөмрөг (15617685422).jpg|120px]] || [[Pine bunting]] ||''Emberiza leucocephalos''|| Asia
|-
|[[File:Rock Bunting (Cochem).jpg|120px]] || [[Rock bunting]] ||''Emberiza cia''||northwest Africa, southern Europe east to central Asia, and the Himalayas
|-
|[[File:Godlewski's Bunting (Emberiza godlewskii) (16804118611) (cropped).jpg|120px]] || [[Godlewski's bunting]] ||''Emberiza godlewskii''||China, Pakistan, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Myanmar, and Russia. 
|-
|[[File:Meadow bunting（Emberiza cioides）ホオジロ.jpg|120px]] || [[Meadow bunting]] ||''Emberiza cioides''||southern Siberia, northern and eastern China, eastern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Korea and Japan.
|-
|[[File:White-capped Bunting (Emberiza stewarti) (47269056742).jpg|120px]] || [[White-capped bunting]] ||''Emberiza stewarti''||Afghanistan, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
|-
| || [[Jankowski's bunting]] ||''Emberiza jankowskii''|| Russian Far East, Manchuria and far northeastern Korea
|-
|[[File:Grey necked Bunting at Rajkot.jpg|120px]] || [[Grey-necked bunting]] ||''Emberiza buchanani''|| Caspian Sea to the Altai Mountains in Central Asia
|-
|[[File:090508-cinereous-bunting-at-Petrified-Forest.jpg|120px]] || [[Cinereous bunting]] ||''Emberiza cineracea''||southern Turkey and southern Iran
|-
|[[File:Ortolan bunting in Sierra de Guara, Aragon, Spain.jpg|120px]] || [[Ortolan bunting]] ||''Emberiza hortulana''|| European countries and western Asia
|-
|[[File:Emberiza caesia.jpg|120px]] || [[Cretzschmar's bunting]] ||''Emberiza caesia''||Greece, Turkey, Cyprus and the Levant.
|-
|[[File:Cirl bunting cropped.jpg|120px]] || [[Cirl bunting]] ||''Emberiza cirlus''||southern Europe, on the Mediterranean islands and in north Africa
|-
|[[File:Striolated Bunting (Emberiza striolata) (24769786507).jpg|120px]] || [[Striolated bunting]] ||''Emberiza striolata''|| Chad, east through south-west Asia to north-western India, Africa
|-
|[[File:11)faune d'El kantara(Algerie).jpg|120px]] || [[House bunting]] ||''Emberiza sahari''||northwestern Africa from Morocco south to Mali and east to Chad.
|-
|[[File:Lark-like bunting (Emberiza impetuani impetuani) 2.jpg|120px]] || [[Lark-like bunting]] ||''Emberiza impetuani''||Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
|-
|[[File:Emberiza tahapisi by Derek Keats.jpg|120px]] || [[Cinnamon-breasted bunting]] ||''Emberiza tahapisi''||mainland sub-Saharan Africa
|-
|[[File:Gosling's Bunting, Poli, Cameroon (5891148053).jpg|120px]] || [[Gosling's bunting]] ||''Emberiza goslingi''||Mauritania and Senegal to south-western Sudan and north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
|-
| || [[Socotra bunting]] ||''Emberiza socotrana''||Yemen
|-
|[[File:Cape Bunting, Emberiza capensis at Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa.jpg|120px]] || [[Cape bunting]] ||''Emberiza capensis''||southern Africa from south-western Angola, eastern Zambia, Zimbabwe and southern Tanzania to the Cape. 
|-
|[[File:Tristram's Bunting 9849 (cropped).jpg|120px]] || [[Tristram's bunting]] ||''Emberiza tristrami''|| eastern Manchuria and the Russian Far East and winters in central and southern China. 
|-
|[[File:Chestnut-eared Bunting - Nainital, Uttarakhand, India (14979940218).jpg|120px]] || [[Chestnut-eared bunting]] ||''Emberiza fucata''|| the Himalayas locally across China to south-eastern Siberia, Korea and northern Japan
|-
|[[File:Zwergammer.jpg|120px]] || [[Little bunting]] ||''Emberiza pusilla''||north-east of Europe and northern Eurosiberia to the Russian Far East and northern India, southern China and the northern parts of south-east Asia. 
|-
|[[File:Yellow-browed bunting (Emberiza chrysophrys) Eocheong Island Korea 2012.jpg|120px]] || [[Yellow-browed bunting]] ||''Emberiza chrysophrys''|| eastern Siberia, China
|-
|[[File:Kashiradaka-01.jpg|120px]] || [[Rustic bunting]] ||''Emberiza rustica''||south-east Asia, Japan, Korea, and eastern China. 
|-
|[[File:Emberiza elegans male s3.JPG|120px]] || [[Yellow-throated bunting]] ||''Emberiza elegans''<!-- Auk117:847 -->|| China, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Russia, and Taiwan. 
|-
|[[File:Yellow-breasted bunting in Nepal 02 -Cropped.jpg|120px]] || [[Yellow-breasted bunting]] ||''Emberiza aureola''|| Finland to Bering Sea migrating to Indochina 
|-
|[[File:Bunting, Somali Golden-breasted (cropped).jpg|120px]] || [[Somali bunting]] ||''Emberiza poliopleura''||Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda
|-
|[[File:Emberiza flaviventris -Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa-8.jpg|120px]] || [[Golden-breasted bunting]] ||''Emberiza flaviventris''|| Africa south of the Sahara
|-
|[[File:Brown-rumped Bunting - Gambia (32496573672).jpg|120px]] || [[Brown-rumped bunting]] ||''Emberiza affinis''|| Senegal to Sudan and Uganda
|-
|[[File:Emberiza cabanisi cognominata, Menongue, Birding Weto, a (cropped).jpg|120px]] || [[Cabanis's bunting]] ||''Emberiza cabanisi''||sub-Saharan Africa 
|-
|[[File:Emberiza rutila - Rötelammer, Weibchen 172845812.jpg|120px]] || [[Chestnut bunting]] ||''Emberiza rutila''|| Siberia, northern Mongolia and north-eastern China. 
|-
| [[File:Emberiza koslowi 367800246.jpg|frameless|120x120px]]|| [[Tibetan bunting]] ||''Emberiza koslowi''|| Tibet
|-
|[[File:28-090504-black-headed-bunting-at-first-layby.jpg|120px]] || [[Black-headed bunting]] ||''Emberiza melanocephala''||Japan, China, Hong Kong, Thailand, Laos, South Korea and Malaysia
|-
|[[File:Red-headed bunting (Emberiza bruniceps) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|120px]] || [[Red-headed bunting]] ||''Emberiza bruniceps''||Asia-Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia; Russian Federation (European Russia, Central Asian Russia), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
|-
|[[File:Yellow Bunting.jpg|120px]] || [[Yellow bunting]] ||''Emberiza sulphurata''|| Japan
|-
|[[File:Black-faced bunting（Emberiza spodocephala）アオジ.jpg|120px]]|| [[Black-faced bunting]] ||''Emberiza spodocephala''||southern Siberia across to northern China. 
|-
|[[File:Emberiza spodocephala.jpg|120px]]  || [[Masked bunting]] ||''Emberiza personata''|| Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, and Japan. 
|-
|[[File:Emberiza variabilis (male s2).JPG|120px]]|| [[Grey bunting]] ||''Emberiza variabilis''|| Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and northern Japan
|-
|[[File:Emberiza pallasi (10) (cropped).jpg|120px]] || [[Pallas's reed bunting]] ||''Emberiza pallasi''||northeast European Russia, north Kamchatka
|-
|[[File:A Japanese reed bunting (cropped).jpg|120px]] || [[Ochre-rumped bunting]] ||''Emberiza yessoensis''||eastern Mongolia, northeast China and Ussuriland
|-
|[[File:Common reed bunting (emberiza schoeniclus) m.jpg|120px]] || [[Common reed bunting]] ||''Emberiza schoeniclus''|| Europe 
|-
|}

Extinct species have been described:<ref>{{cite journal|last1= Rando|first1= J. C.|last2= Lopez | first2 =M. |last3=Segui |first3=B. | date=1999 | title=A new species of extinct flightless passerine | journal= The Condor | volume= 101 | issue= 1 | pages= 1–13 | doi= 10.2307/1370440 | jstor=1370440 | url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/condor/v101n01/p0001-p0013.pdf}}</ref>
* † [[Long-legged bunting]] (''Emberiza alcoveri'') ([[Late Quaternary prehistoric birds|Late Quaternary]])
* † ''[[Emberiza shaamarica]]'' (Late Pliocene of Central Asia)<ref name="researchgate.net">{{cite journal |last1=Palastrova |first1=E.S |last2=Zelenkov |first2=N. |title=A Fossil Bunting Emberiza shaamarica (Aves, Emberizidae) from the Upper Pliocene of Central Asia |journal=Paleontological Journal |date=2020 |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=96–104 |doi=10.1134/S0031030120060076 |bibcode=2020PalJ...54..652P |s2cid=227133794 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346591183}}</ref>
* † ''[[Emberiza polgardiensis]]'' (Upper Miocene of Hungary)
* † ''[[Emberiza media]]'' (Pliocene of Hungary)
* † ''[[Emberiza parva]]'' (Pliocene of Hungary)
* †''[[Emberiza gaspariskii]]'' (Pliocene of Hungary)
* †''[[Emberiza bartoki]]'' (Middle Miocene of Hungary) (Nomen dubium) <ref name="researchgate.net"/>

''Emberiza pannonica'' from the upper Miocene of Hungary is also referred to this genus, but was later found to be a member of [[Muscicapidae]].<ref name="researchgate.net"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
''Buntings and Sparrows – A Guide to the Buntings and North American Sparrows'' by Urban Olsson and Jon Curson, illustrated by Clive Byers (1995) {{ISBN|1-873403-19-4}}

==External links==
{{EB1911 poster|Bunting (bird)}}
*[http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/buntings-seedeaters-allies-emberizidae Bunting videos, photos and sounds] on the Internet Bird Collection
*{{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Bunting |short=x}}

{{Passeroidea|E.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q614481|from2=Q28486}}

[[Category:Bird common names]]
[[Category:Emberiza|.]]
[[Category:Finches]]
[[Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Non-human celestial navigation]]