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{{short description|Spanish pianist and composer (1867–1916)}}
{{other people||Enrique Granados (swimmer)|Enrique Granados (water polo)}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=December 2024}}
{{Expand Catalan|topic=bio|date=November 2023}}
{{family name hatnote|Granados|Campiña|lang=Spanish}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
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[[File:Granados.jpg|thumbnail|Enrique Granados]]

'''Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña''' (27 July 1867&nbsp;– 24 March 1916), commonly known as '''Enrique Granados''' in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] or ''Enric Granados'' in [[Catalan language|Catalan]], was a [[Spaniards|Spanish]] [[composer]] of classical music, and concert [[pianist]] from [[Catalonia]], [[Spain]]. His most well-known works include ''[[Goyescas]]'', the ''{{ill|Spanish Dances (Granados)|lt=Spanish Dances|es|12 Danzas españolas}}'', and ''[[María del Carmen]]''.{{sfn|Larrad|2007}}

== Life ==
[[File:Enrique Granados Campiña (1867–1916) and De Segurola in 1915.jpg|thumb|Enrique Granados and [[Andrés de Segurola]] in 1915]]
Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña was born in [[Lleida]], Spain, the son of Calixto José de la Trinidad Granados y Armenteros, a Spanish army captain who was born in Havana, Cuba, and Enriqueta Elvira Campiña de Herrera, from [[Santander, Spain]]. As a young man he studied piano in Barcelona, where his teachers included [[Francisco Jurnet]] and [[Joan Baptista Pujol]]. In 1887 he went to Paris to study. He was unable to become a student at the [[Conservatoire de Paris|Paris Conservatoire]], but he was able to take private lessons with a conservatoire professor, [[Charles-Wilfrid de Bériot]], whose mother, the soprano [[Maria Malibran]], was of Spanish ancestry. Bériot insisted on extreme refinement in tone production, which strongly influenced Granados's teaching of pedal technique. He also fostered Granados's abilities in improvisation.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120313071816/http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-06132005-001841/unrestricted/Kurihara_dis.pdf Harumi Kurihara, Selected Intermediate-Level Solo Piano Music of Enrique Granados: A Pedagogical Analysis]</ref> Just as important were his studies with [[Felip Pedrell]]. He returned to Barcelona in 1889. His first successes were at the end of the 1890s, with the opera ''[[María del Carmen (opera)|María del Carmen]]'', which attracted the attention of King [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|Alfonso XIII]].

In 1903, Granados participated in a competition organized by [[Tomás Bretón]] of the [[Madrid Royal Conservatory]], which awarded a considerable sum of 500 pesetas for the best "concert allegro" for solo piano. Granados submitted his [[Allegro de concierto (Granados)|''Allegro de concierto'']], Op. 46, for which the jury declared him the winner with an almost unanimous vote. The win brought Granados to national attention.{{sfn|Clark|2005|p=55–57}}

In 1911 Granados premiered his suite for piano ''[[Goyescas]]'', which became his most famous work. It is a set of six pieces based on paintings of [[Francisco Goya]]. Such was the success of this work that he was encouraged to expand it. He wrote an opera based on the subject in 1914, but the outbreak of World War I forced the European premiere to be canceled. It was performed for the first time in New York City on 28 January 1916 and was very well received. Shortly afterwards, he was invited to perform a piano recital for President [[Woodrow Wilson]]. Before leaving New York, Granados also made live-recorded [[player piano]] music rolls for the New-York-based [[Aeolian Company]]'s "[[Duo-Art]]" system, all of which survive today and can be heard – his last recordings.

==Death==
A delay in New York, incurred by accepting a recital invitation, caused him to miss his boat back to Spain. Instead, he took a ship to England, where he boarded the passenger ferry [[SS Sussex|SS ''Sussex'']] for [[Dieppe]], France. On the way across the [[English Channel]], the ''Sussex'' was torpedoed by a German [[U-boat]], as part of the German World War I policy of [[unrestricted submarine warfare]]. According to witness Daniel Sargent, Granados's wife, Amparo, was too heavy to get into a lifeboat. Granados refused to leave her and positioned her on a small life raft on which she knelt and he clung. Both then [[list of drowning victims|drowned]] within sight of other passengers.<ref>Daniel Sargent, quoted in [[Lyn MacDonald]], ''The Roses of No Man's Land''. London: Macmillan, 1980. p. 141.  A photograph of the empty drifting raft is among plates between pp. 64–5.</ref> However, according to a different account from another survivor, "A survivor of the 1916 torpedo attack on a Cross channel ferry, Sussex, recognised Spanish composer Granados in a lifeboat, his wife in the water. Granados dived in to save her and perished."<ref>David Walton, ''The Last Journey of Enrique Granados''. Opus Publications p. 71.</ref> A subsequent account claims that Granados sank to the bottom of the ocean while attempting to save his wife due to a money belt fastened to his waist which was filled with gold from his American performances. Due to the unstable global economy as a result of [[World War I]], Granados insisted on being paid in gold.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gilliland |first=Norman |date=November 11, 2019 |title=A Simple Twist of Fate |url=https://www.wpr.org/culture/simple-twist-fate-2 |website= |location= |publisher= |access-date=May 1, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Walters |first=Karla |date=November 7, 2018 |title=World War I in Classical Music: 9 Composers Touched By The Great War |url=https://www.cpr.org/2018/11/07/world-war-i-in-classical-music-9-composers-touched-by-the-great-war/ |website= |location= |publisher= |access-date=May 1, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Walton |first=Dr. David |date=June 2, 2009 |title=The Last Journey of Enrique Granados |url= |location= |publisher=Opus Books |page= |isbn=978-0956153623 |access-date=}}</ref>

The personal papers of Enrique Granados are preserved in, among other institutions, the [[National Library of Catalonia]].

== Music and influence ==
Granados wrote piano music, [[chamber music]] (a [[piano quintet]], a piano trio, music for violin and piano), songs, [[zarzuela]]s, and an orchestral [[tone poem]] based on Dante's ''[[Divine Comedy]]''. Many of his piano compositions have been transcribed for the classical guitar; examples include ''Dedicatoria'', ''Danza No. 5'', and ''Goyescas''.

His music can be divided into three styles or periods:
#A romantic style including such pieces as ''Escenas Románticas'' and ''Escenas Poeticas''.
#A more typically nationalist, Spanish style including such pieces as ''Danzas Españolas'' (Spanish Dances), ''6 Piezas sobre cantos populares españoles'' (Six Pieces based on popular Spanish songs).
#The Goya (Goyesca) period, which includes the piano suite ''Goyescas'', the opera ''Goyescas'', various ''Tonadillas'' for voice and piano, and other works.

Granados was a significant influence on at least two other famous Spanish composers and musicians, [[Manuel de Falla]] and [[Pablo Casals]]. He was also the teacher of composer [[Rosa García Ascot]].

== Some important works ==
{{Main|List of compositions by Enrique Granados}}

*''12 danzas españolas'' (1890) for piano; Op. 37, H. 142, DLR 1:2. The contents of the four volumes are: Vol. 1: Galante (or [[Minuet]]o), Oriental, [[Fandango]] (or [[sarabande|Zarabanda]]); Vol. 2: [[villanella|Villanesca]]; Andaluza (or Playera); Rondalla aragonesa (or [[Jota (music)|Jota]]); Vol. 3: Valenciana; [[Sardana]] (or Asturiana); Romántica (or Mazurca); Vol. 4: Melancólica (or Danza Triste); [[Zambra]]; [[Arabesque (classical music)|Arabesca]].
*''[[María del Carmen (opera)|María del Carmen]]'' (1898), opera
*[[Allegro de concierto (Granados)|''Allegro de concierto'']] (1904)
*''Escenas románticas'' (1903) for piano. The individual "scenes" are: Mazurca; [[Berceuse]]; Allegretto; Mazurka; Allegro appassionato; Epílogo
*''Dante'' (1908), [[symphonic poem]]
*''Tonadillas al estilo antiguo, H136'' (1910) for voice and piano, settings of a group of poems by {{ill|Fernando Periquet|es|Fernando Periquet Zuaznábar}}. Titles of individual songs in the collection are: "Amor y odio"; "Callejeo"; "El majo discreto"; "El majo olvidado"; "El majo tímido"; "El mirar de la maja"; "El tra-la-la y el punteado"; "La maja de Goya"; "La maja dolorosa I (Oh muerte cruel!), II (Ay majo de mi vida!), and III (De aquel majo amante)"; "La currutacas modestas" (duet).
*''Canciones españolas'' for voice and piano. Titles of individual songs in the collection are: "Yo no tengo quien me llore"; "Cantar I"; "Por una mirada, un mundo"; "Si al retiro me llevas..."; "Canción"; "Serenata"; "Canto gitano".
*''Cançons catalanas'' for voice and piano. Titles of individual songs in the collection are: "L'ocell profeta"; "Elegía eterna"; "Cançó de Gener"; "Cançó d'amor"; "Cançoneta"; "La boira".
*''[[Goyescas]]'' (1911), suite for piano, subtitled "Los majos enamorados". It consists of six pieces in two books. Movements are: Book 1: "Los requiebros"; "Coloquio en la reja"; "El fandango de candil"; "Quejas o La maja y el ruiseñor"; Book 2: "El amor y la muerte"; "Epílogo (Serenata del espectro)". "El pelele", although not published as part of the ''Goyescas'', is usually appended to it. In performance it is played as the seventh and last piece. It is based on the music of the opening scene of Granados's opera ''Goyescas'', in which a "pelele" is being tossed in the air by the "majas".
*''Bocetos'' (1912) which contains: "Despertar del cazador"; "El hada y el niño"; "Vals muy lento"; "La campana de la tarde".
*''Colección de canciones amatorias'' (1915) for voice and piano. Titles of individual songs in the collection are:  "Descúbrase el pensamiento de mi secreto cuidado"; "Mañanica era"; "Llorad, corazón, que tenéis razón 'Lloraba la niña'"; "Mira que soy niña"; "No lloréis, ojuelos"; "Iban al pinar 'Serranas de Cuenca'"; "Gracia mía".
*''[[Goyescas (opera)|Goyescas]]'', opera, 1916
*''6 Estudios expresivos''
*''6 Piezas sobre cantos populares españoles'', which include: "Añoranza"; "Ecos de la parranda"; "Vascongada"; "Marcha oriental"; "Zambra"; "Zapateado"
*''Madrigal'', for cello and piano
*''8 Valses Poéticos'', for piano, including No 6 "Vals Poético"
*''Trío'', for piano, violin, and cello
*"Military March", for piano, Op.38

== Media ==
{{listen
|filename=20091104 Sharon Isbin - Enrique Granados, Spanish Dance number 5 of 12, 1890 edit 1.ogg
|title="Danza No. 5" (1890)
|description=Granados' "Danza No. 5" is one of the 12 danzas españolas (1890) for piano. It is commonly [[transcription (music)|transcribed]] for classical guitar as presented here by [[Sharon Isbin]] at the [[White House]] Classical Music Student Workshop Concert (2009-11-04)
|pos=left
|filetype=[[Ogg]]}}
{{listen|filename=Enrique Granados - danza espanola, op. 37, h. 142 - xii. arabesca.ogg|title=Danza Española, op. 37, h. 142 – XII. Arabesca|description=Performed by William Riley|format=[[ogg]]}}
{{clear}}

== References ==

=== Notes ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources and further reading ===
* {{Cite book|last=Clark|first=Walter Aaron|title=Enrique Granados: Poet Of The Piano|date=2005|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0195140664|pages=55–57}}
* {{Cite book|last=Milton|first=John W.|title=The Fallen Nightingale|year=2005|isbn=1-59298-071-6|location=Edina, MN|oclc=58522918}}
* {{cite Grove|last=Larrad|first=Mark|date=2007|title=Granados (y Campiña), Enrique [Enríc]|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11603|url-access=subscription}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hess, Carol A.|title=Enrique Granados: A Bio-Bibliography|date=1991|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood Press]]|isbn=978-0-313-36920-9|location=New York|oclc=615629336}}
* San-Juan, Pablo Vila: ''Papeles íntimos de Enrique Granados''. Amigos de Granados, 1966. {{in lang|es}}
* Perandones, Miriam: "El compositor catalán Enrique Granados Análisis de tres canciones de concierto: ''La boyra'' (1900), ''Cansó d’amor'' (1902) y ''Elegia eterna'' (1912)". ''Recerca musicològica,'' nos. 20–21, 2013–2014, pp.&nbsp;277–304 {{in lang|es}}
* Perandones, Miriam: "La canción de Enrique Granados: un microcosmos estilístico", ''Cuadernos de música iberoamericana'', Vol. 22, 2011, pp.&nbsp;151–186 {{in lang|es}}
* Perandones, Miriam: "Enrique Granados en París: la construcción de un icono español en el ámbito musical internacional", ''Revista de Musicología'', Vol. 34, Nº 1, 2011, págs. 203–232. {{in lang|es}}
* Perandones, Miriam: "Estancia y recepción de Enrique Granados en Nueva York (1915–1916) desde la perspectiva de su epistolario inédito", ''Revista de Musicología'', Vol. 32, Nº 1, 2009, pp.&nbsp;281–295. {{in lang|es}}
* ''Comentaris a la gravació de la suite "Goyescas" per a piano''. Joaquín Achúcarro, RCA Records, Madrid, 1980. D.L. M 8232-80 {{in lang|es}}
* ''Historia de la Música Española. Siglo XIX''. Carlos Gómez Amat, Alianza Música, 1984. {{ISBN|84-206-8505-4}} {{in lang|es}}
* ''Enrique Granados (su obra para piano)''. 2 vols. Antonio Iglesias, Editorial Alpuerto, 1985–1986. {{ISBN|84-381-00-99-6}} i 84-3810101-1 {{in lang|es}}
* ''Granados''. Antoni Carreras i Granados, Nou Art Thor, 1988. {{ISBN|84-7327-173-4}}. {{in lang|ca}}

== Recordings ==
*[http://www.pianolist.org/music/goyescas1_1.mp3 Goyescas, Part 1, Los Requiebros] as recorded by Granados on piano roll, c. 1913, Paris ([http://www.pianola.org/reproducing/reproducing.cfm Info])
*''L'escola pianística catalana (Enregistraments històrics) ''([https://web.archive.org/web/20081017083952/http://www.lamadeguido.com/guidohistoric.html la mà de guido, LMG3060])
*''Enrique Granados today playing his 1913 interpretations'' ([http://www.tacet.de/main/seite1.php?layout=katalog&language=en&filename=production.php&bestnr=01391 The Welte Mignon Mystery Vol. I)]
*''Enrique Granados: Composer as Pianist'' ([http://www.pierianrecordingsociety.org/ Pierian Recording Society], PIR0002) {{ASIN|B000051ZMS}}
*''Masters of the Piano Roll: Granados Plays Granados'' ([http://www.dal-segno.com/DSPRCD008.html Dal Segno Records, DSPRCD008])
*''The Catalan Piano Tradition'' ([http://www.vaimusic.com/CD/1001.htm VAI Audio, 1001]) {{ASIN|B000003LIC}}
*''Rollos de Pianola (Obras de Albéniz, Granados, Turina, Ocón, Chapí, Alonso y Otros)'' ([http://www.almaviva.es/catalogodefault.php?disco=DS%20-%200141&lang=en Almaviva, DS – 0141]) {{ASIN|B000GI34D6}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050306063111/http://www.rprf.org/Rollography.html Piano Rolls] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20100301032625/http://www.rprf.org/ The Reproducing Piano Roll Foundation])

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.gaudiallgaudi.com/AM007%20Granados.htm Biography and images]
* [http://kreusch-sheet-music.net/eng/index.php?page=show&query=Enric%20Granados&order=op www.kreusch-sheet-music.net] – Free Scores by Granados
*[http://www.bnc.cat/eng/Collections/Search-the-collections/Granados-Enric Personal papers of Enric Granados in the Biblioteca de Catalunya]
* {{IMSLP|id=Granados%2C_Enrique|cname=Enrique Granados}}

{{Enrique Granados}}
{{Musical nationalism}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Granados, Enrique}}
[[Category:1867 births]]
[[Category:1916 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Spanish classical composers]]
[[Category:19th-century Spanish male composers]]
[[Category:19th-century classical pianists]]
[[Category:19th-century Spanish male musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Spanish classical composers]]
[[Category:20th-century Spanish male composers]]
[[Category:20th-century Spanish classical pianists]]
[[Category:Civilians killed in World War I]]
[[Category:Deaths by drowning]]
[[Category:Classical composers from Catalonia]]
[[Category:Composers for piano]]
[[Category:Spanish male classical pianists]]
[[Category:People from Lleida]]
[[Category:People who died at sea]]
[[Category:Spanish male classical composers]]
[[Category:Spanish people of World War I]]
[[Category:Spanish Romantic composers]]