View source for Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover

{{Short description|Last crown prince of Hanover}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Ernest Augustus
| title        = [[House of Hanover| Crown Prince of Hanover]]
| image        = ERNSTAUGUSTofHannover1.jpg
| succession   = Head of the [[House of Hanover]]
| reign        = 12 June 1878 – 14 November 1923
| reign-type   = Pretence
| predecessor  = [[George V of Hanover|George V]]
| successor    = [[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick]]
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Princess Thyra of Denmark]]|22 December 1878}}
| issue        = {{plainlist|
*[[Princess Marie Louise of Hanover|Marie Louise, Margravine of Baden]]
*[[George, Hereditary Prince of Hanover|Georg Wilhelm, Hereditary Prince of Hanover]]
*[[Princess Alexandra of Hanover (born 1882)|Alexandra, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]
*Princess Olga
*Prince Christian
*[[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick]]}}
| full name    = {{langx|de|Ernst August Wilhelm Adolf Georg Friedrich}}<br />{{langx|en|Ernest Augustus William Adolphus George Frederick}}
| house        = [[House of Hanover|Hanover]]
| father       = [[George V of Hanover]]
| mother       = [[Marie of Saxe-Altenburg]]
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1845|9|21|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Hanover]], [[Kingdom of Hanover]]
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1923|11|14|1845|9|21|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Gmunden]], [[First Austrian Republic]]
| burial_place = Gmunden
}}
'''Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover''' ({{langx|de|Ernst August}}; 21 September 1845 – 14 November 1923), was the eldest child and only son of [[George V of Hanover]] and his wife, [[Marie of Saxe-Altenburg]]. Ernest Augustus was deprived of the throne of [[Kingdom of Hanover|Hanover]] upon its annexation by [[Prussia]] in 1866 and later the [[Duchy of Brunswick]] in 1884. He was also [[Titles Deprivation Act 1917|deprived of his British peerages]] (including [[Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale]]) and honours for having sided with [[German Empire|Germany]] in [[World War I]].

==Early life==
[[File:Family George V of Hanover.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[George V of Hanover|King George V]] and [[Marie of Saxe-Altenburg|Queen Marie of Hanover]] and their children Ernest Augustus, [[Princess Frederica of Hanover|Frederica]] and [[Princess Marie of Hanover|Marie]].]]

Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Great Britain and Ireland, was born at [[Hanover]] during the reign of his paternal grandfather, [[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover]]. He became the [[crown prince]] of Hanover upon his father's accession as George V in November 1851.

[[File:1860er Atelieraufnahme Ernst August, Kronprinz von Hannover, mit seinem Vater König Georg V., Kabinettformat, Fotograf Otto Kamm, Linden-Hannover, Deisterstrasse 1 (Ihmenbrücke).jpg|thumb|upright|left|The young crown prince with his father in Hannover in the 1860s.]]

In 1866, [[William I, German Emperor|William I of Prussia]] and his minister-president [[Otto von Bismarck]] deposed George V and annexed Hanover after George V sided with the defeated [[Austria]] in the 1866 [[Austro-Prussian War]]. During that war, the Crown Prince saw action at the [[Second Battle of Langensalza|Battle of Langensalza]].

==Exile==
After the war, the exiled Hanoverian royal family took up residence in [[Hietzing]], near [[Vienna]], but spent a good deal of time in [[Paris]]. George V never abandoned his claim to the Hanoverian throne and maintained the [[Guelphic Legion]] at his own expense. The former Crown Prince travelled during this early period of exile, and ultimately accepted a commission in the Imperial and Royal Army of Austria-Hungary. The [[German-Hanoverian Party|Guelph Party]], or the German-Hanoverian Party, as a minor party in the legislature of the North German Federation and then the German Empire continued to protest the annexation of Hanover and advocated for the restoration of the state of Hanover with a Guelph at its head.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hayes |first1=Carlton |title=Modern Europe |volume=2. (1815-1915) |date=1916 |publisher=MacMillian |location=New York |page=418}}</ref>

==Succession==
When King George V died in Paris on 12 June 1878, Prince Ernest Augustus succeeded him as Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]] and Earl of Armagh in the [[Peerage of Ireland]]. [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]] created him a [[Order of the Garter|Knight of the Garter]] on 20 July 1878. Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] appointed him to succeed his father as colonel and proprietor of the Austrian 42nd Regiment of Infantry. The regiment's name was changed to honour him, and he served as its honorary colonel from 1879 to the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, in 1918.

==Marriage==
[[File:Det hele Brudepars Afreise til Fredensborg efter Formælingen den 21de December.jpg|thumb|The newlyweds depart [[Copenhagen Central Station]] after the wedding in 1878.]]
While visiting his second cousin [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] (later King Edward VII) at [[Sandringham House|Sandringham]] in 1875, he met [[Princess Thyra of Denmark]] (29 September 1853 &ndash; 26 February 1933), the youngest daughter of [[Christian IX of Denmark|King Christian IX]] and a sister of the [[Alexandra of Denmark|Princess of Wales (later Queen Alexandra)]].

On 21/22 December 1878, he and Princess Thyra married at [[Christiansborg Palace]] in [[Copenhagen]].

==Duchy of Brunswick==
Queen Victoria appointed the Duke of Cumberland a colonel in the [[British Army]] in 1876<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24330|page=3186|date=26 May 1876}}</ref> and promoted him to major general in 1886, lieutenant general in 1892 and general in 1898. Although he was a British peer and a prince of Great Britain and Ireland, he continued to consider himself an exiled monarch of a German realm and refused to disclaim his succession rights to Hanover, making his home in [[Gmunden]], [[Upper Austria]].

The Duke of Cumberland was also first in the line of succession to the Duchy of Brunswick after his distant cousin, [[William, Duke of Brunswick|Duke William]]. In 1879, when it became apparent that the senior line of the House of Welf would die with William, the Brunswick parliament created a council of regency to take over administration of the duchy upon William's death.  This council would appoint a regent if the Duke of Cumberland could not ascend the throne.  When William died in 1884, the Duke of Cumberland proclaimed himself Duke of Brunswick. However, since he still claimed to be the legitimate King of Hanover as well, the German [[Bundesrat (German Empire)|Bundesrat]] declared that he would disturb the peace of the empire if he ascended the ducal throne.  Under Prussian pressure, the council of regency ignored his claim and appointed [[Prince Albert of Prussia (1837–1906)|Prince Albert of Prussia]] as regent.

Negotiations between Ernest Augustus and the German government continued for almost three decades, to no avail.  During this time, Regent Albert died and [[Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg]] was appointed as regent.

==Reconciliation==
The Duke of Cumberland was partially reconciled with the [[Hohenzollern]] dynasty in 1913, when his surviving son, Prince Ernest Augustus, married the only daughter of Kaiser [[Wilhelm II]], the grandson of the Prussian king who had deposed his father. On 24 October 1913, he renounced his succession rights to the Brunswick duchy (which had belonged to the [[House of Welf|Guelph]] dynasty since 1235) in favour of his son. The younger Ernest Augustus thus became the reigning Duke of Brunswick on 1 November 1913 and married the Kaiser's daughter. As a mark of regard for his daughter's father-in-law, Kaiser Wilhelm II created the elder Ernest Augustus a [[Order of the Black Eagle|Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle]].

In 1918, the younger Duke Ernest Augustus abdicated his throne along with the other German princes when all the German dynasties were disestablished by the successor German provisional Government which was established when the Emperor himself abdicated and fled Germany in exile to the Netherlands.

==War==
[[File:Gmunden Schloss Cumberland.JPG|thumb|Schloss Cumberland in [[Gmunden]], Austria, built in 1882 as exile seat for Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale]]

The outbreak of [[World War I]] created a breach between the [[British royal family]] and its Hanoverian cousins. On 13 May 1915, King [[George V]] ordered the removal of the Duke of Cumberland from the Roll of the Order of the Garter. According to the [[letters patent]] on 30 November 1917, he lost the status of a [[British prince]] and the style of [[Highness]]. Under the terms of the [[Titles Deprivation Act 1917]], on 28 March 1919 his name was removed from the roll of Peers of Great Britain and of Ireland by Order of the King in Council for "bearing arms against Great Britain."

==Later life==
Prince Ernest Augustus, the former Crown Prince of Hanover and former Duke of Cumberland, died of a [[stroke]] on his estate at [[Gmunden]] in November 1923. He is interred, next to his wife and his mother, in a mausoleum which he had built adjacent to [[Cumberland Castle]].

==Honours and arms==
===Orders and decorations===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Hanover}}:
** Grand Cross of the [[Royal Guelphic Order]], ''1862''<ref name="hannover">{{citation|title=Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Hannover|year=1862|chapter=Königliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen|chapter-url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11040889?page=56,57|pages=38–39}}</ref>
** [[Order of St. George (Hanover)|Knight of St. George]], ''1862''<ref name="hannover"/>
** Grand Cross of the [[Order of Ernst August]], ''ca. 1865''
** {{interlanguage link|Langensalza Medal|de|Langensalza-Medaille}}, ''27 July 1866'' – as a veteran of the battle
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}: [[Order of the Garter|Knight of the Garter]], ''20 July 1878''<ref>{{citation|last1=Shaw|first1=William Arthur|author-link=William Arthur Shaw|year=1906|title=The Knights of England|volume=1|location=London|publisher=Sharrett and Hughes|page=[https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n153/mode/2up 65]}}</ref>
* {{flag|Brunswick}}:
** Grand Cross of the [[Order of Henry the Lion]], ''1862''<ref>{{citation|title=Braunschweigisches Adreßbuch für das Jahr 1896|location=Braunschweig|year=1896|publisher=Meyer|page=3}}</ref>
** [[War Merit Cross (Brunswick)|War Merit Cross, 2nd Class]], ''ca. 1914''
* {{flag|Oldenburg}}: [[House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis|Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig]], with Golden Crown, ''14 April 1862''<ref name="Oldenburg1873">{{cite book|author=Staat Oldenburg|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg: für ... 1872/73|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NpBYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA31|year=1873|publisher=Schulze|page=31}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Saxe-Coburg and Gotha}} {{flagicon|Saxe-Altenburg}} {{flagicon|Saxe-Meiningen}} [[Ernestine duchies]]: Grand Cross of the [[Saxe-Ernestine House Order]], ''October 1862''<ref>''Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtums Sachsen-Altenburg'' (1869), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" [https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00243702/Parladrusa_Staatshandbuch_SA_166810592_1869_0035.tif?logicalDiv=jportal_jparticle_00472815 p. 21]</ref>
* {{flag|Nassau}}: [[Order of the Golden Lion of Nassau|Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau]], ''September 1863''<ref>{{citation|title=Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau|year=1866|chapter=Herzogliche Orden|page=[https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10021632?page=27 9]}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Russian Empire|1858}}: [[Order of St. Andrew|Knight of St. Andrew]], ''1864''<ref name = "Ruvigny">Ruvigny, [[Melville Henry Massue]], 9th Marquis of. ''Titled Nobility of Europe: An International Peerage'', London: Harrison & Sons, 1914. pp. 52-53</ref>
* {{Flagicon image|Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg}} [[Mecklenburg]]: [[House Order of the Wendish Crown|Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown]], with Crown in Ore, ''29 October 1865''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/hof-und-staats-handbuch-des-grossherzogthums-mecklenburg-strelitz-fur-1878/page/n1/mode/2up |title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Mecklenburg-Strelitz: 1878 |chapter=Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen |location=Neustrelitz |publisher=Druck und Debit der Buchdruckerei von G. F. Spalding und Sohn |date=1878 |page=[https://archive.org/details/hof-und-staats-handbuch-des-grossherzogthums-mecklenburg-strelitz-fur-1878/page/n27/mode/2up 11]|language=German }}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Saxony}}: [[Order of the Rue Crown|Knight of the Rue Crown]], ''1866''<ref>{{cite book|title=Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1870|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xxFTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA4|year=1870|publisher=Heinrich|page=4}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Austrian Empire}}:
** Knight of the [[Military Order of Maria Theresa]], ''1866''<ref name = "Ruvigny"/>
** Grand Cross of the [[Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary|Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen]], ''1892''<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=https://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=shb&datum=1893&size=45&page=302|chapter=Ritter-Orden: Königlich-ungarischer St. Stephans-Orden|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie|date=1893|access-date=18 March 2021|page=[https://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=shb&datum=1893&page=304&size=45 71]}}</ref>
** [[1898 Jubilee Medal|Jubilee Court Medal of 1898]] (on the 50th anniversary of Franz Joseph I's reign)
** [[1908 Jubilee Cross|Jubilee Cross of 1908]] (on the 60th anniversary of Franz Joseph I's reign)
** [[Mobilization Cross 1912/13|Mobilization Cross of 1912/13]]
** Star of the [[Decoration for Services to the Red Cross]], ''ca. 1914-1918''
** Long Service Cross for Officers (for 40 years of service)
* {{flagicon|Hesse}} [[Electorate of Hesse|Hesse-Kassel]]: [[House Order of the Golden Lion (Hesse-Kassel)|Knight of the Golden Lion]], ''1 November 1869''<ref>{{citation|title=Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen|year=1879|chapter=Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen|page=[https://archive.org/details/hofundstaatshan00gergoog/page/n68 44]}}</ref>
* {{flag|Denmark}}:<ref name="Statskalender">{{cite book |year=1923 |orig-year=1st pub.:1801 |editor1-last=Bille-Hansen |editor1-first=A. C. |editor2-last=Holck |editor2-first=Harald |title=Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1923 |trans-title=State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1923 |url=https://dis-danmark.dk/bibliotek/918018.pdf#page=51 |format=PDF |series=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender |language=da |location=Copenhagen |publisher=J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri |pages=35–36 |access-date=16 September 2019 |via=[[:da:DIS Danmark]]}}</ref>
** [[Order of the Elephant|Knight of the Elephant]], ''16 November 1878''
** [[Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog]], ''21 December 1878''
** Commemorative Medal for the Golden Wedding of King Christian IX and Queen Louise, ''1892''
** King Christian IX Centenary Medal, ''1918''
* {{flagicon|Grand Duchy of Hesse}} [[Hesse-Darmstadt]]: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Philip the Magnanimous|Merit Order of Philip the Magnanimous]]<ref name = "Ruvigny"/>
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Bavaria}}: [[Order of St. Hubert|Knight of St. Hubert]], ''1899''<ref>{{citation|title=Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern|year=1906|chapter=Königliche Orden|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_nTedipoxoGcC/page/n39 9]}}</ref>
* {{flag|Baden}}: Knight of the [[House Order of Fidelity]], ''1900''<ref>{{citation|title=Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden|year=1902|chapter=Großherzogliche Orden|page=[https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1879965 67]}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Restoration (Spain)}}: [[Order of the Golden Fleece|Knight of the Golden Fleece]], ''9 July 1902''<ref name = "Ruvigny"/>
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Prussia}}: [[Order of the Black Eagle|Knight of the Black Eagle]], ''November 1913''<ref name = "Ruvigny"/>
}}

===Military Appointments===
''In Germany:''
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Hanover}} ''1863 (ca.)'': ''Leutnant'', Royal Hanoverian Garde-Husaren-Regiment
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Bavaria}} ''9 December 1912 (ca.)'': ''Generalmajor'' ''[[à la Suite]]'', Royal Bavarian Schweren Reiter-Regiment "Prinz Karl von Bayern" Nr. 1<ref>Helmut Weitze Military Antiques Auction House. "Bavarian Uniform Ensemble of Duke Ernst August (II) of Brunshwick and Lunenburg as General Major à la Suite in the Royal Bavarian 1st Schweren Reiter Regiment "Prinz Karl von Bayern" (Auction Number 272415)."  Retrieved from: https://www.weitze.net/militaria/14/Bayern_Uniform_Ensemble_aus_dem_Besitz_von_Herzog_Ernst_August_von_Braunschweig_Lueneburg_als_Generalmajor_agrave_la_Suite_des_Kgl_Bayerischen_1_Schweren_Reiter_Regiments_Prinz_Karl_von_Bayern_ZU_NR_272415__272414.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195443/https://www.weitze.net/militaria/14/Bayern_Uniform_Ensemble_aus_dem_Besitz_von_Herzog_Ernst_August_von_Braunschweig_Lueneburg_als_Generalmajor_agrave_la_Suite_des_Kgl_Bayerischen_1_Schweren_Reiter_Regiments_Prinz_Karl_von_Bayern_ZU_NR_272415__272414.html |date=6 September 2018 }}.  Notes: The rank "generalmajor," which translates to "major general," was the equivalent in rank to brigadier in the British Army and brigadier general in the U.S. Army.</ref>

''In Austria:''
* {{flagicon|Austria-Hungary}} ''1879'': ''Oberstinhaber'' (Colonel and Proprietor), K.u.K. Infanterieregiment "Ernst August, Herzog von Cumberland und Herzog zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg" Nr. 42
* {{flagicon|Austria-Hungary}} ''1914 (ca.)'': ''Generalmajor'', K.u.K. Armee<ref>Dorotheum Auctions. (2015.May 7). "Ernst August, Crown Prince of Hannover, Duke of Cumberland (Lot No. 218)." Retrieved from: [https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195727/https://www.dorotheum.com/en/auctions/current-auctions/kataloge/list-lots-detail/auktion/11181-imperial-court-memorabilia-and-historical-objects/lotID/218/lot/1864465-ernst-august-crown-prince-of-hannover-duke-of-cumberland.html]. Notes: The rank of "generalmajor" translates to "major general" but was equal in rank to a brigadier in the British Army and brigadier general in the U.S. Army.</ref>
* {{flagicon|Austria-Hungary}} ''1914-1918 (ca.)'': ''[[General of the cavalry (Austria)|General der Kavallerie]]'', K.u.K. Armee<ref>Willhaben Auction House. (2018, 8 July). "Field gray K.u.K. field blouse as General (der Kavalrie) of Ernst August, Duke of Cumberland." Retrieved from: https://www.willhaben.at/iad/kaufen-und-verkaufen/d/feldgraue-kuk-feldbluse-eines-generals-aus-dem-besitz-v-ernst-august-herzog-von-cumberland-256908186/.  Notes: The rank "general der kavalrie" directly translates as "general of cavalry" and was the equivalent in rank to a lieutenant general in the British or U.S. Armies. The 3rd Duke of Cumberland was photographed wearing the auctioned K.u.K. lancer pattern field blouse in a ca.1917-1918 family photo.</ref>

''In the United Kingdom:''
* {{Flagicon|UK|army}} ''27 May 1876'': Colonel, British Army<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24330|page=3186|date=26 May 1876}}</ref>
* {{Flagicon|UK|army}} ''19 March 1886'': Major General, British Army<ref>''The Quarterly Army List for the Quarter Ending 31st March, 1915''. London: J.J. Keliher & Co., Ltd. pp.9-10.</ref>
* {{Flagicon|UK|army}} ''1 April 1892'': Lieutenant General, British Army<ref name="List31510">''Army List'', March 1915. p. 10</ref>
* {{Flagicon|UK|army}} ''14 December 1898'': General, British Army<ref name=List31510/>

===Arms===
[[File:Coat of Arms of George V and Ernest Augustus of Hanover (Order of the Golden Fleece).svg|thumb|Arms in Spain after 1902]]
Until his father's death in 1878, Ernest Augustus's arms in right of the United Kingdom were those of his father (being the arms of the Kingdom of Hanover differenced by a label gules bearing a horse courant argent). Upon his father's death, he inherited his arms.<ref>[http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/cadency.htm Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family]</ref>

==Issue==
{{Further information|Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark#Children of Thyra and Ernest Augustus}}

[[File:Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover and Princess Thyra of Denmark with family.jpg|thumb|175px|Ernest Augustus with family, photographed by Karl Jagerspacher, 1887]]
The Duke and Duchess of Cumberland and Teviotdale had six children:
{| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|- bgcolor=cccccc
!Name!!Birth!!Death!!Notes
|-
|[[Princess Marie Louise of Hanover|Princess Marie Louise of Hanover and Cumberland]] (Marie Louise Victoria Caroline Amalie Alexandra Augusta Friederike)||11 October 1879||31 January 1948||married in 1900 [[Prince Maximilian of Baden|Maximilian, Margrave of Baden]] (10 July 1867 &ndash; 6 November 1929); had issue
|-
|[[George, Hereditary Prince of Hanover|George William, Hereditary Prince of Hanover]] (Georg Wilhelm Christian Albert Edward Alexander Friedrich Waldemar Ernst Adolf)||28 October 1880||20 May 1912||died in an automobile accident, never married or had issue.
|-
|[[Princess Alexandra of Hanover (1882–1963)|Princess Alexandra of Hanover and Cumberland]] (Alexandra Louise Marie Olga Elisabeth Therese Vera)||29 September 1882||30 August 1963||married in 1904 [[Friedrich Franz IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (9 April 1882 &ndash; 17 November 1945); had issue
|-
|Princess Olga of Hanover and Cumberland (Olga Adelaide Louise Mary Alexandrina Agnes)||11 July 1884||21 September 1958||never married or had issue
|-
|Prince Christian of Hanover and Cumberland (Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Peter Valdemar)||4 July 1885||3 September 1901|| never married or had issue
|-
|[[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick]]||17 November 1887||30 January 1953||married in 1913 [[Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia]] (13 September 1892 &ndash; 11 December 1980); had issue
|}
{{clear right}}

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1=1. '''Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover'''
|2=2. [[George V of Hanover]]
|3=3. [[Marie of Saxe-Altenburg|Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg]]
|4=4. [[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover]]
|5=5. [[Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Duchess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]
|6=6. [[Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]]
|7=7. [[Duchess Amelia of Württemberg]]
|8=8. [[George III of the United Kingdom]]
|9=9. [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]
|10=10. [[Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]
|11=11. [[Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt]]
|12=12. [[Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]]
|13=13. [[Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]
|14=14. [[Duke Louis of Württemberg]]
|15=15. [[Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg]]
}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat|Ernst August, Crown Prince of Hannover}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Hanover]]|21 September|1845|14 November|1923|[[House of Welf]]}}
{{S-reg|gb}}
{{S-bef|before=[[George V of Hanover|George]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale]]|years=12 June 1878 – 28 March 1919}}
{{S-non|reason=Suspended|reason2=[[Titles Deprivation Act 1917]]}}
{{S-reg|ie}}
{{S-bef|before=[[George V of Hanover|George]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Earl of Armagh]]|years=12 June 1878 – 28 March 1919}}
{{S-non|reason=Suspended|reason2=[[Titles Deprivation Act 1917]]}}
{{S-pre|}}
{{S-new|loss|reason=[[Titles Deprivation Act 1917|Deprivation]]}}
{{S-tul|title=[[Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale]]|years=28 March 1919 – 14 November 1923}}
{{S-aft|rows=3|after=[[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[George V of Hanover|George V]]}}
{{S-tul|title=[[Kingdom of Hanover|King of Hanover]]|years=12 June 1878 – 14 November 1923|reason=[[Austro-Prussian War|Hanover annexed by Prussia in 1866]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[William, Duke of Brunswick|William]]}}
{{S-tul|title=[[Duchy of Brunswick|Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]|years=18 October 1884 – 1 November 1913|reason=[[Austro-Prussian War|Refused to give up claim to Hanover]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Pretenders to the Hanover throne since 1866}}
{{British princes}}
{{Dukes of Cumberland and Teviotdale}}
{{Hanoverian princes}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, Prince}}
[[Category:1845 births]]
[[Category:1923 deaths]]
[[Category:British princes]]
[[Category:Hanoverian princes]]
[[Category:House of Hanover]]
[[Category:Sons of kings]]
[[Category:Dukes of Cumberland and Teviotdale|3]]
[[Category:Nobility from Hanover]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Hanover]]
[[Category:Heirs apparent who never acceded]]
[[Category:Crown princes of Hanover]]
[[Category:Austro-Hungarian generals]]
[[Category:Burials at the Schloss Cumberland Mausoleum]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain]]
[[Category:Knights Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Hanover]]
[[Category:Austrian Empire military personnel of the Austro-Prussian War]]
[[Category:Exiled royalty]]
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