View source for Ernesto Nazareth

{{Infobox musical artist
| name              = Ernesto Nazareth
| image             = Ernestonazareth2.jpg
| background        = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| birth_name        = 
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1863|3|20|mf=yes}}
| death_date        = {{death date and age|1934|2|01|1863|3|20|mf=yes}}
| birth_place       = [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil]]
| instrument        = [[Piano]]
| genre             = [[Classical music|Classical]]
| occupation        = [[Composer]]
}}
'''Ernesto Júlio de Nazareth''' (March 20, 1863 – February 1, 1934) was a Brazilian composer and pianist, especially noted for his creative [[Maxixe (dance)|maxixe]] and [[choro]] compositions. Influenced by a diverse set of dance rhythms including the [[polka]], the [[Contradanza|habanera]] and the [[Lundu_(dance)|lundu]], he combined these elements with his classical training to create compositions that he called “Brazilian tangos". These would be the precursors for what is known today as [[Choro]].<ref name=Ejazz>{{cite web|last=Ejazz|title=Ernesto Nazareth (1863–1934)|url=http://www.ejazz.com.br/detalhes-artistas.asp?cd=291|publisher=Ejazz|accessdate=11 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507071640/http://www.ejazz.com.br/detalhes-artistas.asp?cd=291|archive-date=7 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> His piano repertoire is now part of the teaching programs of both classical and popular styles, as Nazareth once served at the boundary between these two worlds.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ernesto Nazareth (1863–1934)|url=http://cliquemusic.uol.com.br/artistas/ver/ernesto-nazareth|publisher=uol|accessdate=14 October 2020|archive-date=18 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118022017/http://cliquemusic.uol.com.br/artistas/ver/ernesto-nazareth|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Biography==
Nazareth was born in [[Rio de Janeiro]], one of five children. His mother, Carolina da Cunha, gave him his first piano lessons. At the age of ten, after his mother's death, he continued his piano studies with Eduardo Madeira and [[Charles Lucien Lambert]].

Strongly influenced by [[Chopin]], Nazareth published his first composition ''Você Bem Sabe'' (which means "You know it well") in 1877, at age 14. At that time, he had begun his professional career playing in cafes, balls, society parties and in the waiting rooms of theaters. In 1893, Casa Vieira Machado published his famous tango ''Brejeiro''.

In 1879, he wrote his first tango, ''Cruz perigo''. In 1880, at age 17, he made his first public appearance at the Mozart Club. The following year, he composed the tango ''Não caio n'outra'', his first great success, with several reprints. In 1885, he performed in concerts in different clubs of the court. In 1893, Casa Vieira Machado launched a new catalogue of his compositions, including the tango ''Brejeiro'', which achieved national and even international success; the [[Republican Guard (France)|Republican Guard]] band of Paris included it in their repertoire and recorded it.<ref name=Ejazz/>

His first concert as a pianist took place in 1898. The following year he prepared the first edition of the tango ''Turuna''. In 1905, he had his first work, ''Brejeiro'', recorded by singer Mario Pinheiro with the title ''O sertanejo enamorado'' with lyrics by {{ill|Catulo da Paixão Cearense|pt}}. Meanwhile, the "Casa Édison" [[marching band]] recorded his tango ''Brushed'', which became quite successful. In 1907 Nazareth was appointed third [[book-keeper]] of the [[National Treasury]], a position that he did not occupy for not mastering the English language.<ref name=Pavan>{{cite book|last=Pavan|first=Alexandre|title=Chopin Carioca|publisher=Itamaraty – Ministerio das Relacoes Exteriores|pages=60–61|url=http://www.dc.mre.gov.br/imagens-e-textos/revista-textos-do-brasil/portugues/revista12-mat8.pdf}}</ref> In 1908, he began working as a pianist at the Mozart Club.

The following year, he participated in a concert held at the National Institute of Music, playing his [[gavotte]] ''Corbeille de fleurs'' and tango ''Batuque''. He began  giving private piano lessons, and worked as a pianist for Casa Gomes in 1921, and the Odeon Cinema from 1920 until 1924.<ref name=Ejazz /> In São Paulo and Campinas he performed several shows in the Municipal Theater and the Conservatory. He was given a grand piano as a gift from his admirers. He was one of the first artists to play for the Society Radio of Rio de Janeiro. In 1932 he presented, for the first time, a recital in which he performed only his compositions.

In 1933, after a period of mental instability following the deaths of his wife and daughter, and diagnosed with [[syphilis]] and worsening hearing problems caused by a fall during childhood,<ref name=Ejazz/> Nazareth was hospitalized at the Juliano Moreira Asylum in Jacarepaguá. He fled the asylum February 1, 1934 and was found dead three days later in the adjacent forest near a waterfall, where he had drowned.<ref name=Pavan/>

==Catalog of works==
[[File:Brejeiro (Ernesto Nazareth) .pdf|thumb|Brejeiro (Ernesto Nazareth) - score available at [https://musicabrasilis.org.br/partituras/ernesto-nazareth-brejeiro Musica Brasilis] website]]
Nazareth was noted for creatively combining diverse influences into his music, not only of Brazilian music but also from the music of [[Europe]], [[Africa]] and [[ragtime]]. Many of his compositions remain part of the repertory today. He composed 88 tangos, 41 [[waltz]]es, 28 [[polka]]s and numerous [[samba]]s, [[galop]]s, [[quadrille]]s, [[Schottische]]s, [[fox-trot]]s, romances and other types of scores, totaling 211 complete compositions.
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*''1922''
*''A bella Melusina''
*''A flor de meus sonhos''
*''A florista''
*''A fonte do lambari''
*''A fonte do suspiro''
*''Adieu''
*''Adorável''
*''Ai rica prima''
*''Albíngia''
*''Alerta!''
*''Ameno resedá''
*''Andante expressivo''
*''[[Apanhei-te, cavaquinho]]''
*''Arreliado''
*''Arrojado''
*''Arrufos''
*''As gracinhas de Nhô-nhô''
*''Até que enfim!''
*''Atlântico''
*''Atrevidinha''
*''Atrevido''
*''Bambino''
*''Bambino – você não me dá!'' – words by {{ill|Catulo da Paixão Cearense|pt}}
*''Batuque''
*''Beija-Flor''
*''Beijinho de moça''
*''Bom-Bom''
*''Brejeira''
*''Brejeiro''
*''Bicyclette-club''
*''Caçadora''
*''Cacique''
*''Capricho''
*''Cardosina''
*''Carioca''
*''Catrapuz''
*''Cavaquinho, por que choras?''
*''Celestial''
*''Chave de ouro''
*''Chile-Brazil''
*''Comigo é na madeira''
*''Confidências''
*''Coração que sente''
*''Corbeille de Fleurs''
*''Correcta''
*''Crê e espera''
*''Crises em penca''
*''Cruz, perigo!!''
*''Cruzeiro''
*''Cubanos''
*''Cuéra''
*''Cutuba''
*''Cuyubinha''
*''De tarde''
*''Delightfulness''
*''Dengoso''
*''Desengonçado''
*''Digo''
*''Dirce''
*''Divina''
*''Dor secreta''
*''Dora''
*''Duvidoso''
*''Elegantíssima''
*''Elegia para piano'' (left hand)
*''Elétrica''
*''Elite-club''
*''Encantada''
*''Encantador''
*''Ensimesmado''
*''Eponina''
*''Escorregando''
*''Escovado''
*''Espalhafatoso''
*''Espanholita''
*''Está chumbado''
*''Eulina''
*''Expansiva''
*''Êxtase'' (voice, piano and violin)
*''Êxtase'' (piano)
*''Exuberante''
*''Faceira''
*''Famoso''
*''Fantástica''
*''Favorito''
*''Feitiço''
*''Ferramenta''
*''Fetiço não mata''
*''Fidalga''
*''Floraux''
*''Fon-fon''
*''Fora dos eixos''
*''Furinga''
*''Garoto''
*''Gaúcho''
*''Gemendo, rindo e pulando''
*''Genial''
*''Gente, o imposto pegou?''
*''Gentil''
*''Gotas de ouro''
*''Gracietta''
*''Guerreiro''
*''Helena''
*''Henriette''
*''Hino a Alaor Prata''
*''Hino a Carneiro Leão''
*''Hino a Pereira Passos''
*''Hino da Escola Ester Pedreira de Mello''
*''Hino da Escola Floriano Peixoto''
*''Hino da Escola Pedro II''
*''Ideal''
*''If I Am Not Mistaken''
*''Improviso'' (Concert Study)
*''Insuperável''
*''Ipanema''
*''Iris''
*''Jacaré''
*''Jangadeiro''
*''Janota''
*''Julieta'' ('quadrilha', popular Brazilian dance)
*''Julieta'' (valse)
*''Julita''
*''Labirinto''
*''Laço Azul''
*''Lamentos''
*''Magnífico''
*''Mágoas''
*''Maly''
*''Mandinga''
*''Marcha Fúnebre''
*''Marcha Heróica aos Dezoito do Forte''
*''Mariazinha sentada na pedra''
*''Marietta''
*''Matuto''
*''Meigo''
*''Menino de ouro''
*''Mercedes''
*''Mesquitinha''
*''Myosótis''
*''Não caio n'outra!''
*''Não me fujas assim''
*''Nazareth''
*''Nenê''
*''Nenê'' – words by Catulo da Paixão Cearense
*''No jardim''
*''Noêmia''
*''Noturno''
*''[[Nove de julho]]''
*''Nove de Maio''
*''O Alvorecer''
*''O Futurista''
*''O nome dela'' (polca)
*''O Nome dela'' (valse)
*''O que há''
*''Os teus olhos cativam''
*''[[Odeon (Nazareth)|Odeon]]''
*''Onze de Maio''
*''Orminda''
*''Ouro sobre azul''
*''Pairando''
*''Paraíso''
*''Pássaros em festa''
*''Paulicéa como és formosa!''
*''Perigoso''
*''Pierrot''
*''Pingüim''
*''Pipoca''
*''Pirilampo''
*''[[Plangente]]''
*''Plus Ultra''
*''Podia ser pior''
*''Polca para a mão esquerda'' (left hand)
*''Polonaise''
*''Por que sofre?''
*''Primorosa''
*''Proeminente''
*''Quebra-Cabeças''
*''Quebradinha''
*''Ramirinho''
*''Ranzinza''
*''Rayon d'Or''
*''Reboliço''
*''Recordações do passado''
*''Remando''
*''Resignação''
*''Respingando''
*''Ressaca''
*''Retumbante''
*''Rosa Maria''
*''Sagaz''
*''Salve, Salve, Nações Unidas''
*''Sarambeque''
*''Saudade''
*''Saudade dos Pagos''
*''Saudades e Saudades!''
*''Segredo''
*''Segredos da infância''
*''Sentimentos d'Alma''
*''Soberano''
*''Suculento''
*''Sustenta a ...nota...''
*''Sutil''
*''Tango Habenera''
*''Talismã''
*''Tenebroso''
*''Thierry''
*''Topázio líquido''
*''Travesso''
*''Tudo Sobe...''
*''Tupinambá''
*''Turbilhão de beijos''
*''Turuna''
*''Vem cá, Branquinha''
*''Vésper''
*''Victória''
*''Vitorioso''
*''Você bem sabe''
*''Xangô''
*''Yolanda''
*''Zênite'' (authored by Maestro Gaó)
*''Zica''
*''Zizinha''
{{div col end}}

==Media==
[[Image:Ernestonazareth.jpg|thumb|left|Ernesto Nazareth]]

{{Listen|type=music|filename=ESCOVADO (Ernesto Nazareth) - Ernesto Nazareth 1907.ogg|title=Escovado|description=Composed (1905) and recorded (1930) by Ernesto Nazareth}}
'Escovado' is a common slang which means 'smart'. Ary Vasconcelos tells us in his book ''Panorama da Musica Popular Brasileira'' that Nazareth was a "devoted family man who often gave the songs he composed titles in honor of his son, sometimes his wife, or another relative". ''Travesso'' was dedicated to his son Ernesto, ''Marieta'' and ''Eulina'' to his two daughters, ''Dora'' to his wife Theodora, ''Brejeiro'' to his nephew Gilbert, etc.<ref name=Thompson>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Daniella|title=As Crônicas Bovinas, Parte 13|url=http://daniellathompson.com/Texts/Le_Boeuf/cron.pt.13.htm|work=Um tributo ao astuto|publisher=Musica Brasiliensis|accessdate=10 December 2011}}</ref>

''Escovado'' was first published by Casa Vieira Machado & Co. and dedicated to Fernando Nazareth, the composer's younger brother. It became one of Nazareth's greatest success, having the main theme been later tapped by the French composer [[Darius Milhaud]] in his ''[[Le bœuf sur le toit]]'' (1919).<ref name=Pavan /> In September 1930, accepting an invitation made by Eduardo Souto, then artistic director of [[Odeon Records|Odeon]]-[[Parlophone]], Nazareth recorded this piece.<ref name=Thompson />

''Brejeiro'' is one of the ambient songs in the game Civilization VI, when playing with Brazil. The version used in the game was composed and directed by [[Geoff Knorr]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BREJEIRO - "BRAZIL - THE INDUSTRIAL ERA" FROM CIVILIZATION VI DIGITAL STUDY SCORE|url=http://daniellathompson.com/Texts/Le_Boeuf/cron.pt.13.htmhttp://www.geoffknorr.com/civilization-vi-sheet-music/brejeiro-brazil-the-industrial-era-from-civilization-vi|accessdate=2 October 2020}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ernestonazareth150anos.com.br/ Ernesto Nazareth 150 Anos], website containing original sheet music and arrangements, complete discography with more than 2000 recordings, hundreds of photos, timeline, documents, texts and blog {{in lang|pt}}
*{{IMSLP|id=Nazareth, Ernesto|cname=Ernesto Nazareth}}
*Free scores by Ernesto Nazareth at [https://musicabrasilis.com/scores Musica Brasilis] website
*[http://www.ernestonazareth.com.br/en_a_obra_de_ernesto_nazareth.php?area=1 Free complete scores in PDF format] at the official catalog
*[http://pianosociety.com/cms/index.php?section=1019 Free recordings in MP3 format] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002100825/http://pianosociety.com/cms/index.php?section=1019 |date=2009-10-02 }} by various pianists at PianoSociety.com
*[http://www.beakauffmann.com/ Beatriz Kauffmann's Web Site – Músicas de Ernesto Nazareth em arquivos MIDI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014040309/http://www.beakauffmann.com/ |date=2009-10-14 }} {{in lang|pt}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091224024134/http://sovacodecobra.uol.com.br/2007/03/ernesto-nazareth-inedito/ Rare Music of Ernesto Nazareth (music, text, images)] {{in lang|pt}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nazareth, Ernesto}}
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1934 deaths]]
[[Category:Brazilian classical composers]]
[[Category:Brazilian classical pianists]]
[[Category:Deaths by drowning]]
[[Category:Brazilian male classical composers]]
[[Category:Brazilian male classical pianists]]
[[Category:Musicians from Rio de Janeiro (city)]]