View source for Eudoxia Lopukhina

{{Short description|Tsaritsa of Russia from 1689 to 1698}}
{{Expand Russian|topic=bio|date=July 2012}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2012}}
{{Infobox royalty
| consort      = yes
| name         = Eudoxia Lopukhina
| image        = Eudokia Lopukhina (18 c., Chukhloma museum).jpg
| caption      = 
| succession   = [[List of Russian consorts|Tsaritsa consort of Russia]]
| reign        = 1689–1698
| coronation   = 1689
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Peter I of Russia]]|1689|1698|reason=annulled}}
| issue        = [[Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia]]<br/>Grand Duke Alexander Petrovich<br/>Grand Duke Peter Petrovich
| full name    = Evdokiya Feodorovna Lopukhina
| house        = [[Lopukhin family|Lopukhin]]
| father       = [[Feodor Abramovich Lopukhin]]
| mother       = Ustinia Bogdanovna Rtishcheva
| birth_date   = {{OldStyleDate|9 August|1669|30 July}}
| birth_place  = Moscow, Russia
| death_date   = {{OldStyleDate|7 September|1731|27 August}} (aged 62)
| death_place  = Moscow, Russia
| burial_date  = 
| burial_place = [[Novodevichy Convent]]|
}}

'''Eudoxia Fyodorovna Lopukhina''' ({{langx|ru|Евдокия Фёдоровна Лопухина}}; 9 August 1669 {{endash}} 7 September 1731){{#tag:ref| [[Old Style and New Style dates|Old Style]] date: 30 July 1669 {{endash}} 27 August 1731|group=alt}} was the [[tsaritsa of all Russia]] from 1689 to 1698 as the first wife of [[Peter the Great|Peter I]]. She was the last [[Russians|ethnic Russian]] and non-foreign wife of a Russian monarch.<ref name=EB1911>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Eudoxia Lopukhina |volume=9 |last= Bain |first= Robert Nisbet |author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain |page=882|short=1}}</ref> She was the mother of [[Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia|Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich]] and the paternal grandmother of [[Peter II of Russia]].

==Early life==
Eudoxia was born to [[Feodor Abramovich Lopukhin]] and Ustinia Bogdanovna Rtishcheva, making her a member of the [[Lopukhin family]] and a noble.  

==Tsaritsa==

She was chosen as a bride for the Tsar by his mother [[Natalia Naryshkina]] primarily on account of Eudoxia's mother's relation to the famous [[boyar]] [[Fyodor Rtishchev]]. She was crowned Tsarina in 1689<ref name=EB1911/> and gave birth to [[Grand Duke Alexei Petrovich of Russia]] the following year. She had two more sons by Peter, Alexander in 1691 and Paul in 1693, but both died during infancy. The Tsar could not stand her conservative relatives and soon abandoned her for a Dutch beauty, [[Anna Mons]]. Eudoxia's letters to Peter were full of complaints and expressions of unrequited love.

In 1696, during his prolonged journey to [[Western Europe]], Peter asked his Naryshkin relatives to persuade Eudoxia to enter a [[monastery]]. This could not be effected until 1698, when she was finally banished to the Intercession Convent of [[Suzdal]].<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/world/putins-divorce-breaks-long-taboo-in-russian-politics-leaders-keep-personal-lives-private "Putin's divorce breaks long taboo in Russian politics: Leaders keep personal lives private"], ''[[Fox News|foxnews.com]]'', 7 June 2013.</ref>

== Later years ==
The local [[hegumen]], however, allowed her to live there much as a lay woman would. She even found herself a lover, an officer named Stepan Glebov. Nine years later, when Peter the Great learned about their affair, he sentenced Glebov to execution by [[impalement]].<ref name=":0" /> According to the legend, the Emperor also ordered the soldiers to force Eudoxia to watch her lover's death.<ref name=":0">{{cite web
| url         = https://www.rbth.com/history/328923-4-sex-scandals-romanovs
| title       = 4 sex scandals in the Romanov family
| date        = 2018-08-08
| publisher   = Russia Beyond the Headlines
| language    = en
| access-date = 2020-01-29
}}</ref>

Gradually, Eudoxia and her son became the centre of opposition to Peter's reforms, primarily from the church officials. In his sermons, [[Demetrius of Rostov]] referred to Eudoxia as "our great sovereign" and prophesied her impending return to the throne. This conservative party was shattered by Peter in 1718. During the prosecution of [[Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia]], all the bishops who supported her were executed, and Eudoxia was transferred to a convent in [[Staraya Ladoga|Ladoga]].

After Peter's death and the rise of his second Empress consort [[Catherine I of Russia|Catherine I]] on the throne, Eudoxia was secretly moved to [[Shlisselburg Fortress]] near [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]], where she was under strict custody as a state prisoner in a dungeon.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}

In 1727, her grandson [[Peter II of Russia|Peter II]] ascended the Russian throne and immediately recalled her to [[Moscow]]. She returned to the former capital with a great pomp and was allowed to keep her own court at the [[Novodevichy Convent]] until her death in 1731.

After the death of Peter II, who had died before her in 1730, she was among the nominated candidates for the new monarch, but she declined, in favor of her niece-in-law [[Empress Anna]], so Anna continued to honor her.

==Issue== 
By Peter I, she had three sons: 
* [[Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia|Tsarevich Alexei of Russia]] (18 February 1690 – 26 June 1718). After his mother's fall in disgrace he lived a particularly precarious life, and was eventually imprisoned by his father on charges of conspiring against him. He died in prison as a result of the lashes inflicted him, just two days after being officially sentenced to death by his father and the [[Governing Senate|Senate]]. In 1711 he had married the Princess [[Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], sister of the wife of [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI of Habsburg]]. He had two children by her: [[Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeyevna of Russia (1714–1728)|Natalya]] (1714–1728) and the future tsar [[Peter II of Russia|Peter II]] (1715–1730). 
* Grand Duke Alexander (Preobrazhnskoe, 3 October 1691 – Moscow, 14 May 1692). He was baptized on 11 November 1691 in the [[Chudov Monastery]], with his paternal aunt Grand Duchess [[Natalya Alexeyevna of Russia|Natalya Alekseevna Romanova]] as godmother. He died at the age of one and a half and was buried on 24 May 1692 in the [[Cathedral of the Archangel|Cathedral of the Archangel Michael]] inside the [[Moscow Kremlin]]. The father, in defiance of his wife from whom he was now completely estranged, did not take part in the funeral. 
* Grand Duke Paul (1693–1693)

==Notes==
<references group=alt/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Eudoxia Lopukhina}}
*[http://lopukhins.narod.ru/rospis-full.htm Full genealogy of the Lopukhin family]
*[http://www.geni.com/profile/index/4790365581490042138 Evdokiya's profile at Geni]

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{{Russian royal consorts}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lopukhina, Eudoxia}}
[[Category:1669 births]]
[[Category:1731 deaths]]
[[Category:Lopukhin family|Eudoxia]]
[[Category:Royalty from Moscow]]
[[Category:Tsarinas of Russia]]
[[Category:House of Romanov]]
[[Category:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Russia]]
[[Category:17th-century Russian women]]
[[Category:17th-century Russian nobility]]
[[Category:18th-century women from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:18th-century people from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Prisoners of Shlisselburg fortress]]
[[Category:Monastery prisoners]]