View source for Eugene Ormandy

{{short description|Hungarian-American conductor and violinist (1899–1985)}}
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{{Use American English|date=April 2025}}
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{{Infobox musical artist
| name         = Eugene Ormandy
| image        = Eugene Ormandy.jpg
| image_size   = 
| caption      = Ormandy in 1966
| background   = non_performing_personnel
| birth_name   = Jenő Blau
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1899|11|18}}
| birth_place  = [[Budapest]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| origin       = 
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1985|03|12|1899|11|18}}
| death_place  = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], U.S.
| genre        = 
| occupation   = Conductor
| instrument   = Violin
| years_active = 1907–1985
}}-->
{{eastern name order|Ormándy Jenő}}
[[File:Eugene Ormandy 1950s.jpg|thumb|right|The Hungarian-American conductor Eugene Ormandy ({{c.|1950s}})]]

'''Eugene Ormandy''' (born '''Jenő Blau'''; November 18, 1899 – March 12, 1985) was a [[Hungarian Americans|Hungarian-born American]] [[conducting|conductor]] and violinist, best known for his association with the [[Philadelphia Orchestra]], as its music director. His 44-year association with the orchestra is one of the longest enjoyed by any conductor with any American orchestra. Ormandy made numerous recordings with the orchestra, and as guest conductor with European orchestras, and achieved three [[Music recording sales certification|gold records]] and two [[Grammy Awards]]. His reputation was as a skilled technician and expert orchestral builder.

==Early life==
Ormandy was born in [[Budapest]], [[Austria-Hungary]], as Jenő Blau, the son of Jewish parents Benjamin Blau, a dentist and amateur violinist, and Rozália Berger.<ref name="JB Birth">Birth Record of Jenő Blau (translated).  Budapest, Kerület VII, Születtek, 1899, No. 3873: Reported November 22, 1899, born November 18, 1899, Jenő, male, Israelite, son of Benjamin Blau, Israelite, 29, occupation fogmüves (dentist), b. Pósaháza (Bereg county, now [[Pavshyno]], Ukraine), and Rozálie Berger, Israelite, 23, b. Budapest, res. Budapest VII, Erszébet Körút 7.  Signed, Benjamin Blau, Sándor Török, deputy registrar.</ref><ref name="google">{{cite book|title=American National Biography: Supplement 2 |author1=Betz, P.R.|author2=Carnes, M.C.|author3=American Council of Learned Societies|date=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=9780195222029|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZczV8ZxgL4C|page=418|access-date=2014-12-12}}</ref>
His musical talents emerged early. Blau received his first violin lessons from his father at the age of three and a half and was proficient enough as a violinist to enter the [[Franz Liszt Academy of Music|Royal National Hungarian Academy of Music]] at the age of five, being the youngest student to date.
From 1909 a student of [[Jenő Hubay]], he passed the finals in chamber music and in violin in spring of 1915.<ref>Finals in chamber music: ''Pester Lloyd'', May 16, 1915 [https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=pel&datum=19150516&query=%22Pr%c3%bcfungskonzert%22+%22Eugen+Blau%22&ref=anno-search&seite=15]. Finals in violin ''Pester Lloyd'', May 23, 1915 [https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=pel&datum=19150523&query=%22Pr%c3%bcfungskonzert%22+%22Eugen+Blau%22&ref=anno-search&seite=16]</ref>
From 1917 Blau undertook first tours in Hungary and Germany; among other things as [[concertmaster]] of the Berlin [[Blüthner Orchestra]]. In 1918 he became briefly professor for violin at his old university. From 1917 to 1920 he also completed a degree in philosophy.<ref name=grove>Bowen, José A. [https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000020481 "Ormandy, Eugene"], ''Grove Music Online'', Oxford University Press, 2001. Retrieved 2 July 2021 {{subscription required}}</ref><ref>Julian Caskel and Hartmut Hein: ''Handbuch Dirigenten''. Bärenreiter, Kassel 2015, ISBN 978-3-476-02392-6. p. 311–313</ref>
Motivated by promises made by a dubious impresario{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}, he emigrated to the US in 1921.

Until 1918 Ormandy used the stage name "Eugen Blau" in public performances, "Eugen" being the German equivalent of "Jenő".<ref>Several references to his concerts in ''Pester Lloyd'' between 1912 and 1918, e.g. [https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=pel&daten=19150523&query=%22Eugen+Blau%22+%22Darvas%22&ref=anno-search&seite=16]</ref> About 1919, after the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, he used "Jenő B. Ormándy".<ref>References to his concerts in ''Neues Wiener Journal'' and ''Neue Freie Presse'' e.g. [https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=nwj&Datum=19200919&query=%22ormandy%22&ref=anno-search&seite=12]</ref> At the time of his arrival in America in 1921, he was using "Jeno Blau",<ref>Manhattan, New York Marriage Licenses, vol. 9, No. 22338: 3 August 1922, Jeno Blau and Stefanie Goldner.</ref> but by 1925 he was going by "Eugene Ormandy".<ref>New York State Census, June 1, 1925: New York County, City of New York, Assembly District 22, Election District 24, p. 268, line 20: No. 467, West 157th Street, Ormandy, Eugene, head of family, white, male, age 25, native of Hungary, in this country for four years, alien, occupation musician.</ref>  The origin of the surname "Ormandy" is uncertain. Speculation that it was either his middle name<ref>{{cite book|title=Dictators of the Baton|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.58016|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.58016/page/n226 200]|first=David|last=Ewen|publisher=Alliance Book Corporation|location=New York, Chicago|year=1943}}</ref> or that of his mother<ref>{{cite book |title=Philadelphia Maestros: Ormandy, Muti, Sawallisch|page=149|first=Phyllis W.|last=Rodriguez-Peralta|location=Philadelphia|publisher=Temple University Press|year=2006}}</ref> appears to be unfounded.<ref name="JB Birth"/><ref name="BB RB Marriage">Marriage Record of Benjámin Blau and Rozália Berger (translated): Budapest, Kerület VII, Házasultak, 1899, No. 123: Married at Budapest, February 5, 1899, Benjámin Blau, fogmüvesmester (master dentist), Israelite, b. Pósaháza (Bereg county), October 14, 1869, residing at Budapest VII, Erzsébet körút 7, son of Lipót Blau and Mina Weinberger, and Rozália Berger, Israelite, b. Budapest, June 17, 1876, residing at Budapest VI, Landen (?) utca 1, daughter of József Berger and Emilia Parnizsofsky, witnesses Sándor Fuchs, Budapest VII., Kerepesi út 14, Mór Fischer, Budapest VI, Király utca 14.  Signed, Sándor Fuchs, witness, Mór Fischer, witness, Benjámin Blau, groom, Rozália Berger, bride, Dr. Gáspár Ormay, deputy registrar.  Remarks: the groom's name was changed to "Ormándi", March 22, 1937.  Signed, Dr. Király Kemere (?), deputy registrar.</ref>  His father changed his surname to "Ormándi" on March 22, 1937, a few weeks before emigrating to the United States.<ref name="BB RB Marriage"/><ref>Passenger List of the S.S. Bolougne-Sur-Mer, New York, June 3, 1937: Benjamin Ormandi, 68, Hungarian, b. Poschaza, Tschechoslowakei... Rose Ormandi, 61, Hungarian, b. Budapest... nearest relative in country of origin, Joseph Berger, father-in-law/father, Budapest... going to join son, Eugene Ormandi, Bronx, N.Y.</ref>

[[Arthur Judson]], the most powerful manager of American classical music during the 1930s, first heard Ormandy when he conducted (as a freelancer) for a dance recital at [[Carnegie Hall]] by [[Isadora Duncan]]; Judson later said, "I came to see a dancer and instead heard a conductor."<ref>[[Herbert Kupferberg]], liner notes for a 1981 recording of Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6, by the Philadelphia Orchestra and Ormandy, Delos 3016.</ref>

==Career==
At Judson's instigation Ormandy substituted for the unavailable [[Arturo Toscanini]] with the [[Philadelphia Orchestra]] in 1931. This led to an appointment as musical director of the [[Minnesota Orchestra|Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra]], a post he held from 1931 to 1936. In this post he became nationally known in the US through his recordings, which included the first versions on disc of [[Zoltan Kodály|Kodály's]] ''[[Háry János]]'' suite and [[Arnold Schoenberg|Schoenberg's]] ''[[Verklärte Nacht]]''.<ref name=grove/> In 1936 he returned to Philadelphia as joint conductor with [[Leopold Stokowski]]. After two years he became the orchestra's sole music director; he held the post for 42 years (1938–1980), before stepping down to be its conductor laureate. He took the Philadelphia Orchestra on several national and international tours, and appeared as a guest conductor with other orchestras in Europe, Australia, South America and East Asia.<ref name=grove/>
Ormandy built on what ''[[Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]'' calls "Stokowski's voluptuous 'Philadelphia Sound'" and added further polish and precision.<ref name=grove/> Despite, or even because of, this, among many music critics and others, as [[Harold C. Schonberg]] opined in a 1967 study, "there was a singular reluctance in musical circles to admit him into the ranks of great conductors".<ref name=s340>Schonberg, p. 340</ref> He was thought superficial; Toscanini dismissed him as "an ideal conductor of Johann Strauss"<ref name=s340/> and a similar remark is attributed to [[Igor Stravinsky]].<ref name=Jones/> Donald Peck, principal flute of the [[Chicago Symphony Orchestra]], reports that a fellow flutist was won over when Ormandy conducted the Chicago in [[Beethoven]]'s [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Ninth Symphony]]; he told Peck that it was the greatest Ninth he had ever heard.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peck |first=Donald |title=The Right Place, the Right Time |url=https://archive.org/details/rightplacerightt00peck |url-access=limited |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2007 |page=[https://archive.org/details/rightplacerightt00peck/page/n95 83] |isbn=978-0-253-34914-9}}</ref> The conductor [[Kenneth Woods]] ranked Ormandy 14th of the "Real Top 20 of Conducting," saying,
{{blockindent|Critics hate Ormandy. It must be the first "fact" they teach at critic school – always work in an Ormandy slam into every article you write. Record collectors hate him, too. I just don't get it. The film of him looks pretty impressive – classical and classy conducting technique, not at all showy. His Philadelphia Orchestra was the only real rival to [[Herbert von Karajan|Karajan]]'s [[Berlin Philharmonic|Berlin]] for sonic beauty in the 50s–70s, but was also a tighter and more versatile band.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://kennethwoods.net/blog1/2011/03/26/vftp-exclusive-the-real-top-20-of-conducting-part-three-11-15 |title=VFTP exclusive: The real Top 20 of Conducting. Part Three: 11–15|website=Kennethwoods.net |date=March 26, 2011}}</ref>|}}
Schonberg called Ormandy "an excellent technician with a technicolored approach".<ref name=s340/> ''Grove'' comments that Ormandy may have contributed to this image by concentrating on the late-Romantic and early 20th-century repertory that showed to advantage the lush sound he could command in works by composers such as [[Claude Debussy|Debussy]], [[Maurice Ravel|Ravel]], [[Richard Strauss]], [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]], and [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]]. Schonberg commented that Ormandy programmed very little [[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]] or [[Mozart]] and approached Beethoven "in a rather gingerly manner".<ref name=s340/> He conducted much less new music than his predecessor, Stokowski, had done,<ref name=Jones/> but did not ignore it, and gave the premieres of works including [[Rachmaninoff]]'s ''[[Symphonic Dances (Rachmaninoff)|Symphonic Dances]]'', which is dedicated to him and the orchestra, [[Piano Concerto No. 3 (Bartók)|Bartók's Piano Concerto No.3]], [[Benjamin Britten|Britten's]] ''[[Diversions for Piano Left Hand and Orchestra]]'' and music by [[Alberto Ginastera|Ginastera]], [[Paul Hindemith|Hindemith]], [[Bohuslav Martinů|Martinů]], [[Darius Milhaud|Milhaud]], [[Heitor Villa-Lobos|Villa-Lobos]] and [[Anton Webern|Webern]].<ref name=grove/> He did not neglect American composers, and among premieres he gave were works by [[Samuel Barber]], [[David Diamond (composer)|David Diamond]], [[Walter Piston]], [[Ned Rorem]], [[William Schuman]], [[Roger Sessions]] and [[Virgil Thomson]].<ref name=grove/>
[[File:SibeliusAndOrmandy1951.jpg|thumb|right|Ormandy visited Finland several times. Here he is seen in 1951 with [[Jean Sibelius]] (left) and [[Nils-Eric Ringbom]] in Sibelius' home, Ainola.]]

Schonberg concluded his study of Ormandy with the words, "Ormandy does not conduct with the overwhelming personality of a [[Wilhelm Furtwängler|Furtwängler]], or with the ferocity and clarity of a Toscanini, or with the immense knowledge and classicism of a [[George Szell|Szell]]. But he has carved out an area for himself, and within it he is secure, a perfect workman and a sensitive interpreter. And it is an area that takes in a great deal more than Strauss waltzes".<ref>Schonberg, p. 341</ref>

In 1980, aged 80, Ormandy retired as chief conductor of the Philadelphia Orchestra, but continued to appear as its conductor laureate.<ref name=grove/> His last concert was with his Philadelphia colleagues at Carnegie Hall on January 10, 1984.<ref name=Jones/> His tenure, as chief conductor and then laureate was the longest unbroken association between a conductor and a major American orchestra.<ref name=Jones>{{cite web|last1=Jones|first1=Robert L.|title=Ormandy, Eugene|url=http://www.anb.org/articles/18/18-03663.html|website=American National Biography Online|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=12 March 2017}}</ref>

He died of pneumonia at his home in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], on March 12, 1985, at the age of 85.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/13/arts/eugene-ormandy-is-dead-at-85-in-philadelphia.html |title=Eugene Ormandy as Dead at 85 in Philadelphia|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=13 March 1985 |access-date=2020-04-23|last1=Hughes |first1=Allen }}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
In honor of Ormandy's vast influence on American music and the Philadelphia performing arts community, on December 15, 1972, he was awarded the [[University of Pennsylvania Glee Club]] Award of Merit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dolphin.upenn.edu/gleeclub/MEMBERS_merit.html |title=The University of Pennsylvania glee Club Award of Merit Recipients |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209191432/http://www.dolphin.upenn.edu/gleeclub/MEMBERS_merit.html |archive-date=2012-02-09 }}</ref> He was appointed by [[Queen Elizabeth II]] as an honorary [[Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (KBE) in 1976,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19760621&id=JoFIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=j20DAAAAIBAJ&pg=2711,2118670&hl=en |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=June 21, 1976 |title=Ormandy Given Knighthood}}</ref> and received of [[Yale University]]'s [[Sanford Medal]].<ref name="tourdates">{{cite web |url=http://www.tourdates.co.uk/news/6384-Leading-clarinetist-to-receive-Sanford-Medal |title=Leading clarinetist to receive Sanford Medal |publisher=tourdates.co.uk |access-date=2014-12-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729125854/http://www.tourdates.co.uk/news/6384-leading-clarinetist-to-receive-sanford-medal |archive-date=2012-07-29 }}</ref> He was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1977.<ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Eugene+Ormandy&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref> After Ormandy's death the US Congress and President [[Ronald Reagan]] declared that November 18 would be "Eugene Ormandy Appreciation Day", with a recognition ceremony held on that date at the Academy of Music.<ref>“Posthumous honor for Ormandy.” ''Nyack (NY) Journal-News'', 19 November 1985.</ref>

Ormandy's collection of 1,400 orchestral scores is now in the library of the [[University of Pennsylvania]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.library.upenn.edu/collections/notable/eugene-ormandy-collection|title=Eugene Ormandy Collection|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|access-date=2025-04-29}}</ref> and he is also commemorated in the name of its Eugene Ormandy Music and Media Center at the Otto E. Albecht Music Library.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.library.upenn.edu/spaces/ormandy-music-and-media-center|title=Eugene Ormandy Music and Media Center|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|access-date=2025-04-30}}</ref>

==Marriages==
On 8 August 1922 Ormandy married [[Stephanie Goldner]] (1896–1962).<ref>"What Do You Want To Know?" ''Philadelphia Inquirer'', 18 September 1938.</ref> "Steffy" Goldner had come to New York in 1921 from her native Vienna, where she had attended the city's Academy of Music. Soon after arriving in New York she took a position at Capitol Theatre where Ormandy was a violinist. For more than a decade she was harpist for the New York Philharmonic, the only woman on its roster.<ref>Hoffman, Catherine. "Mrs. E. Ormandy Musician-Adviser." ''Paterson (NJ) Jewish Post'', 19 November 1936.</ref> The two later did broadcast performances on WABC radio, where Ormandy was one of the staff conductors.<ref>"Radio Programmes: Hello, Tara!" ''Brooklyn (NY) Standard Union'', 18 April 1931.</ref>

In the fall of 1946, the couple parted. "There is no talk now of divorce [...] It's just a separation," Mrs. Ormandy reported.<ref>"Mrs. Ormandy Parts From Conductor Husband." ''New York Post'', 8 October 1946.</ref> However, she later filed for divorce, decreed 4 August 1947 "on grounds of extreme mental cruelty."<ref>"Reno Divorce Won By Mrs. Ormandy." ''Philadelphia Inquirer'', 5 August 1947.</ref> Following the divorce she joined the faculty at the Philadelphia Music Academy while announcing plans to resume her performing.<ref>“Mrs. Ormandy to Teach.” ''New York Post'', 3 September 1947.</ref>

On 15 May 1950 Ormandy married Margaret Frances Hiltsch (1909–1998) in a civil ceremony in Philadelphia.<ref>"Orchestra Leader Weds Woman Flier." ''Buffalo (NY) Evening News'', 16 May 1950.</ref> In a statement released by the Philadelphia Orchestra Association, the two were described as "family friends for many years [...] Mrs. Ormandy came to the United States about 12 years ago from Vienna [...] shortly thereafter she became an American citizen. During the war years Mrs. Ormandy became a licensed pilot in preparation for the WASP training program. However, as the unit was then disbanded, she enlisted in the U.S. Navy and for two years was then stationed at Norfolk, VA., in operations work at the Naval Air Station."<ref>"Ormandy Marries Ex-Wave in Surprise City Hall Rites." ''Philadelphia Inquirer'', 16 May 1950.</ref> 
 
The couple remained wed until his death in 1985.

==Recordings==
{{external media|width=250px|audio1=You may hear Eugene Ormandy conducting [[Ludwig van Beethoven]]'s [[Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 7 in A major, Op. 92]] with the [[Philadelphia Orchestra]] in 1945 [https://archive.org/details/BEETHOVENSymphonyNo.7InAMajorOp.92-NEWTRANSFER/01.I.PocoSostenutoVivace.mp3 '''here on archive.org''']}}
Ormandy's recording career began with the Minneapolis Symphony for [[RCA Red Seal|RCA Victor]] in 1934 and included the first US recordings of symphonies by Anton Bruckner (No. 7) and Gustav Mahler (No. 2). He remained with RCA Victor after becoming music director of the Philadelphia Orchestra in 1938. In 1944, Ormandy and the Philadelphians began a 23-year association with [[Columbia Records]]. His many recordings for Columbia include the first US recording of the Fourth Symphony of Dmitri Shostakovich and the first ever recording of Mahler's Tenth Symphony in the performing version by Deryck Cooke. (Ormandy and the Philadelphia Orchestra gave the first public performance of the Mahler/Cooke Symphony No. 10 at the express invitation of Mahler's widow Alma.) In 1968, conductor and orchestra returned to RCA Victor, recording for the label until 1981. His recordings of [[Camille Saint-Saëns|Saint-Saëns]]'s [[Symphony No. 3 (Saint-Saëns)|Symphony No. 3, "Organ'"]] were considered the best ever produced by [[Fanfare Magazine]] which remarked of the 1974 RCA Red Seal recording with organist [[Virgil Fox]]: "This beautifully played performance outclasses all versions of this symphony." The [[Telarc]] recording of the symphony with [[Michael Murray (organist)|Michael Murray]] from 1980 is also highly praised.<ref>{{cite web |author=Russell Lichter |url=http://www.stereotimes.com/mr092804.shtml |title=Music Review |website=StereoTimes.com |access-date=2020-04-23 |archive-date=2016-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910162018/http://www.stereotimes.com/mr092804.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Under Ormandy's baton, the Philadelphia Orchestra had three [[Music recording sales certification|gold records]] and won two [[Grammy Awards]].<ref name="LA Times Obit">{{cite news |last=Townsend |first=Dorothy |title=Philadelphia Orchestra's Eugene Ormandy, 85, Dies |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-03-13-mn-22065-story.html |access-date=2014-01-01 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=13 March 1985}}</ref>

Ormandy's first digital recording was a  performance of [[Béla Bartók]]'s ''[[Concerto for Orchestra (Bartók)|Concerto for Orchestra]]'' for [[RCA Red Seal]] in 1979.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/1471/ormandy_disk_e.html |title=Discography of Eugene Ormandy (1899–1985) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091021044132/http://geocities.com/Tokyo/1471/ormandy_disk_e.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-10-21}}</ref>
{{ external media|width=250px|audio1=You may hear Eugene Ormandy conducting [[Sergei Prokofiev]]'s [[Symphony No. 1 (Prokofiev)|Symphony No. 1 in D major ("Classical"), Op. 25]] with the [[Philadelphia Orchestra]] in 1950 [https://archive.org/details/ProkofievClassicalSymphony/02.Ii.Larghetto.mp3 '''Here on archive.org''']}}
{{ external media|width=250px|audio1=You may hear Eugene Ormandy conducting [[Johannes Brahms]]' [[Violin Concerto (Brahms)|Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 77]] with [[Joseph Szigeti]] and the [[Philadelphia Orchestra]] in 1945 [https://archive.org/details/BRAHMSViolinConcerto-Szigeti-NewTransfer/01.I.AllegroNonTroppo.mp3 '''Here on archive.org''']}}
{{ external media|width=250px|audio1=You may hear Eugene Ormandy conducting [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]]'s ''[[Russian Easter Festival Overture]], Op. 36'' with the [[Philadelphia Orchestra]] in 1950 [https://archive.org/details/Rimsky-korsakovRussianEasterOverture '''Here on archive.org''']}}

==Filmography==
*''[[Night Song (1948 film)|Night Song]]'' (1948)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book | last=Schonberg | first= Harold C.| author-link=Harold C. Schonberg|title= The Great Conductors| year=1967 | location=New York | publisher=Simon and Schuster | isbn= 978-0-67-120735-9}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Ardoin |first=John |title=The Philadelphia Orchestra: A Century of Music |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Temple University Press |year=1999 |isbn=1-56639-712-X}}
* {{cite book |last=Kupferberg |first=Herbert |title=Those Fabulous Philadelphians |location=New York |publisher=C. Scribner's Sons |year=1970 |oclc=28276 |isbn=9780491003940}}
* {{cite book |page=68 |title=American Record Guide: Eugene Ormandy |location=Washington |publisher=Heldref Publications |date=November–December 1999 |oclc=23874797}}
* {{cite book |last=Yaklich |first=Richard |title=The Orchestral Scores of Eugene Ormandy: Creating the Philadelphia Sound |location=Lewiston, New York |publisher=Edwin Mellen Press |year=2017 |isbn=9781495505843}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [https://www.library.upenn.edu/detail/collection/eugene-ormandy-collection Eugene Ormandy Collection] at the Otto E. Albrecht Music Library, [[University of Pennsylvania]]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718062855/http://www.library.upenn.edu/exhibits/rbm/ormandy/toc.html |date=July 18, 2011 |title=Eugene Ormandy – A Centennial Celebration}} at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] Library
* {{Discogs artist}}

{{PhilOrch music directors}}
{{Minnesota Orchestra conductors}}
{{Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s}}
{{Gramophone Hall of Fame}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ormandy, Eugene}}
[[Category:1899 births]]
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[[Category:20th-century American conductors (music)]]
[[Category:20th-century classical violinists]]
[[Category:American male conductors (music)]]
[[Category:American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Columbia Records artists]]
[[Category:Conductors (music) awarded knighthoods]]
[[Category:Grammy Award winners]]
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[[Category:Hungarian Jews]]
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[[Category:Hungarian male conductors (music)]]
[[Category:Hungarian emigrants to the United States]]
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[[Category:Music directors of the Philadelphia Orchestra]]
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