View source for Eurofighter Typhoon

{{Short description|1994 multi-role combat aircraft family by Eurofighter}}
{{redirect2|EF2000|Eurofighter||Eurofighter (disambiguation)}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox aircraft
| name = Eurofighter Typhoon
| image = File:RAF Eurofighter EF-2000 Typhoon F2 Lofting-1.jpg
| logo = 
| image_caption = [[Royal Air Force]] Typhoon F2 flying through the [[Mach Loop]] in [[Snowdonia National Park]], [[Wales]].
| aircraft_type = [[Air superiority fighter]] with [[Multirole combat aircraft|multirole]] capabilities
| national_origin = Multinational<!-- Use the main nation (e.g. UK), not constituent country (England); don't use "EU". List collaborative programs of only 2 or 3 nations; for more than 3, use "Multi-national" per [[Template:Infobox aircraft type]] and [[WP:Air/PC]] guidelines. -->
| manufacturer = [[Eurofighter GmbH]]
| designer = 
| first_flight = 27 March 1994<ref name="maiden" />
| introduction = 4 August 2003
| produced = 1994–present
| retired = 
| number_built = 609 + 7 prototypes as of January 2025<ref name="orders&deliveries">{{cite web |title=Orders, Deliveries, In Operation Military aircraft by Country - Worldwide |url=https://airbus.web.factory.eu.airbus.com/sites/g/files/jlcbta136/files/2025-02/2025-01_MRS_GEN_Ord-Deliv%20by%20country.pdf |website=Airbus |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref>
| primary_user = [[Royal Air Force]]<!-- The UK has the most in service -->
| more_users = [[German Air Force]] <br />[[Italian Air Force]] <br />[[Spanish Air and Space Force]]<!-- Limit is THREE (3) in 'more users' field, four (4) total users with primary user. Please separate with <br />. --> <br />See ''[[#Operators|Operators]]'' below for others
| status = In service
| developed_from = [[British Aerospace EAP]]
| variants = 
}}

The '''Eurofighter Typhoon''' is a European multinational [[twinjet|twin-engine]], [[supersonic]], [[Canard (aeronautics)|canard]] [[delta wing]], [[multirole combat aircraft|multirole fighter]].<ref name="firstline" /><ref name="first2" /> The Typhoon was designed originally as an [[air-superiority fighter]]<ref name="first3" /> and is manufactured by a [[consortium]] of [[Airbus]], [[BAE Systems]] and [[Leonardo S.p.A.|Leonardo]] that conducts the majority of the project through a joint [[holding company]], [[Eurofighter GmbH|Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH]]. The [[NATO Eurofighter and Tornado Management Agency]], representing the UK, Germany, Italy and Spain, manages the project and is the prime customer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2009 |title=Eurofighter partners sign nine billion euro deal |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20090731-eurofighter-partners-sign-nine-billion-euro-deal- |access-date=23 January 2024 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref>

The aircraft's development began in 1983 with the Future European Fighter Aircraft programme, a multinational collaboration among the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Spain. Previously, Germany, Italy and the UK had jointly developed and deployed the [[Panavia Tornado]] combat aircraft and desired to collaborate on a new project with additional participating EU nations. However, disagreements over design authority and operational requirements led France to leave the consortium to develop the [[Dassault Rafale]] independently. A technology demonstration aircraft, the [[British Aerospace EAP]], first flew on 6 August 1986; a Eurofighter prototype made its maiden flight on 27 March 1994. The aircraft's name, Typhoon, was adopted in September 1998 and the first production contracts were also signed that year.

The sudden end of the [[Cold War]] reduced European demand for fighter aircraft which led to debate over the aircraft's cost, division of work between the partner nations, and protracted development. The Typhoon entered operational service in 2003 and is now in service with the air forces of [[Austrian Air Force|Austria]], [[Italian Air Force|Italy]], [[German Air Force|Germany]], the [[Royal Air Force|United Kingdom]], [[Spanish Air and Space Force|Spain]], [[Royal Saudi Air Force|Saudi Arabia]] and [[Royal Air Force of Oman|Oman]]. [[Kuwait Air Force|Kuwait]] and [[Qatar Air Force|Qatar]] have also ordered the aircraft, bringing the procurement total to 680 aircraft {{as of|2023|11|lc=yes}}.<ref name="orders&deliveries" />

The Eurofighter Typhoon is a highly agile aircraft, designed to be an effective [[dogfight]]er in combat.<ref name="JDW" /> Later production aircraft have been increasingly better equipped to undertake air-to-surface strike missions and to be compatible with an increasing number of different armaments and equipment, including [[Storm Shadow]], [[Brimstone (missile)|Brimstone]] and [[Sea Killer / Marte|Marte ER]] missiles. The Typhoon had its combat debut during the [[2011 military intervention in Libya]] with the UK's Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Italian Air Force, performing [[aerial reconnaissance]] and [[Air interdiction|ground strike]] missions. The type has also taken primary responsibility for air defence duties for the majority of customer nations.
{{TOC limit|limit=3}}

==Development==
{{For timeline|Timeline of the Eurofighter Typhoon}}

===Origins===
{{Further|British Aerospace EAP}}
In the UK, as early as [[1971 in the United Kingdom|1971]], work commenced on the development of a maneuverable, tactical aircraft to replace the [[SEPECAT Jaguar]] (that was then about to enter service with the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]]). This work soon expanded to include an [[air superiority]] capability. A specification titled ''Air Staff Target 403'' (AST 403), in 1972, led to the [[Hawker P.96]], an unbuilt design with a relatively conventional [[planform]], including a separate tail structure, in the late [[1970s]].

Simultaneously, in [[West Germany]], the requirement for a new fighter had resulted in competition between [[Dornier Flugzeugwerke|Dornier]], [[VFW-Fokker]] and [[Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm]] (MBB) for a future [[German Air Force|Luftwaffe]] contract known as ''Taktisches Kampfflugzeug 90'' ("Tactical Combat Aircraft 90"; TKF-90).<ref>Buttler 2000, pp. 131–34.</ref> Dornier collaborated with [[Northrop Corporation|Northrop]] in the US on an acclaimed but unsuccessful design known as the {{ill|Northrop-Dornier ND-102|de|vertical-align=sup}}. MBB was successful, with a design including a [[Delta wing#Design variations|cranked delta wing]], close-coupled-[[canard (aeronautics)|canard controls]], and artificial stability.

In [[1979]], MBB and [[British Aerospace]] (BAe) presented a formal proposal to their respective governments for a collaboration, to be known as the European Collaborative Fighter,<ref name="butl2" /> or ''European Combat Fighter'' (ECF). In October 1979, French firm [[Dassault Aviation|Dassault]] joined the ECF project.<ref name="butl2" /> It was at this stage of development the Eurofighter name was first attached to the aircraft.<ref name="butler3" /> However, the development of three separate prototypes continued: MBB continued to refine its TKF-90 concept, and Dassault produced a design known as the ACX.

In the meantime, while the P.96 would have met the original UK specification, it had been cancelled because it was considered to offer little potential for future upgrades and redevelopment. In addition, there was a feeling within the UK aircraft industry that the P.96 would have been too similar to the [[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]], which was then known to be at an advanced stage of development. The P.96 would not have been available until long after the Hornet, which would therefore likely have met and closed off most potential export markets for the P.96.<ref name="Boot" /> 
BAe then produced two new proposals: the P.106B,{{refn|The P.106A was a single-engine version of the original P.96.<ref>Boot 1990, pp. 79–82.</ref> |group=N}} a single-engined [[light fighter|lightweight fighter]], superficially resembling the future [[Saab AB|Saab]] [[JAS 39 Gripen]] and the twin-engine P.110. The RAF rejected the P.106 concept on the grounds it had "half the effectiveness of the two-engined aircraft at two-thirds of the cost."<ref name="Boot" />

The ECF project collapsed in 1981 for several reasons, including differing requirements, Dassault's insistence on "design leadership," and the British preference for a new version of the [[Turbo-Union RB199|RB199]] to power the aircraft versus the French preference for the new [[Snecma M88]].<ref name="butler3" />

[[File:British Aerospace EAP at the Farnborough Air Show, 1986.jpg|thumb|[[British Aerospace EAP]] ''ZF534'' (for "Experimental Aircraft Programme") at the [[Farnborough Air Show]], 1986]]
Consequently, the [[Panavia]] partners (MBB, BAe and [[Aeritalia]]) launched the ''Agile Combat Aircraft'' (ACA) programme in April 1982.<ref name="butler4" /> BAe designers agreed with the overall configuration of the proposed MBB TKF-90, although they rejected some of its more ambitious features such as engine [[vectoring nozzle]]s and vented [[trailing edge]] controls—a form of [[boundary layer control]].<ref name="Boot" />  The ACA, like the BAe P.110, had a cranked delta wing, canards, and a twin tail. One major external difference was the replacement of the side-mounted engine intakes with a chin intake. The ACA was to be powered by a modified version of the RB199. The [[Fourth Kohl cabinet|German]] and Italian governments withdrew funding, and the UK [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) agreed to fund 50% of the cost with the remaining 50% to be provided by industry. MBB and Aeritalia signed up and it was agreed that the aircraft would be produced at two sites: [[BAe Warton]] and an MBB factory in Germany. In May 1983, BAe announced a contract with the MoD for the development and production of an ACA demonstrator, the [[British Aerospace EAP|Experimental Aircraft Programme]].<ref name="butler4" /><ref name="KEY1" />

In [[1983]], Italy, Germany, France, the UK and Spain launched the "Future European Fighter Aircraft" (FEFA) programme. The aircraft was to have [[STOL|short take off and landing]] (STOL) and beyond visual range (BVR) capabilities. In 1984, France reiterated its requirement for a [[Aircraft carrier|carrier-capable]] version and demanded a leading role. Italy, West Germany, and the UK opted out and established a new EFA programme. In [[Turin]] on 2 August 1985, West Germany, the UK, and Italy agreed to go ahead with the Eurofighter and confirmed France and Spain had chosen not to proceed as a member of the project.<ref name="LEWIS" /> Despite pressure from France, Spain rejoined the Eurofighter project in early September 1985.<ref name="SPAININ" /> France officially withdrew from the project to pursue its own ACX project, which was to become the [[Dassault Rafale]].

By 1986, the programme's cost had reached [[Pound sterling|£]]180&nbsp;million.<ref name="FI" /> When the EAP programme had started, the cost was supposed to be equally shared by government and industry, but the West German and Italian governments wavered on the agreement, and the British government and private finance had to provide £100&nbsp;million to keep the programme from ending. In April 1986, the [[British Aerospace EAP]] was rolled out at BAe Warton. The EAP first flew on 6 August 1986.<ref name="FAIRH" /> The Eurofighter bears a strong resemblance to the EAP. Design work continued over the next five years using data from the EAP. Initial requirements were: UK: 250 aircraft, Germany: 250, Italy: 165 and Spain: 100.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nao.org.uk/pubsarchive/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2018/11/Ministry-of-Defence-Eurofighter-2000.pdf |title=NAO report (HC 724 1994/95): Ministry of Defence: Eurofighter 2000 |date= |website=[[National Audit Office (United Kingdom)|National Audit Office]] |access-date=15 February 2022}}</ref>  
The share of the production work was divided among the countries in proportion to their projected procurement – BAe (33%), [[DaimlerChrysler Aerospace|DASA]] (33%), [[Aeritalia]] (21%), and [[Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA]] (CASA) (13%).

The Munich-based Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH was established in 1986 to manage development of the project<ref name="COWTON" /> and [[EuroJet Turbo GmbH]], the alliance of [[Rolls-Royce plc|Rolls-Royce]], [[MTU Aero Engines]], FiatAvio (now [[Avio]]) and [[Industria de Turbo Propulsores|ITP]] for development of the [[Eurojet EJ200|EJ200]]. The aircraft was known as Eurofighter EFA from the late 1980s until it was renamed EF 2000 in 1992.<ref>Spick 2000, p. 438.</ref>

By 1990, the selection of the aircraft's radar had become a major obstacle. The UK, Italy and Spain supported the [[Ferranti]] Defence Systems-led [[ECR-90]], while Germany preferred the [[APG-65]]-based MSD2000 (a collaboration between [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]], [[AEG (German company)|AEG]] and [[GEC-Marconi]]). An agreement was reached after UK Defence Secretary [[Tom King, Baron King of Bridgwater|Tom King]] assured his West German counterpart [[Gerhard Stoltenberg]] that the British government would approve the project and allow the GEC subsidiary [[Marconi Electronic Systems]] to acquire Ferranti Defence Systems from its parent, the [[Ferranti]] Group, which was in financial and legal difficulties. GEC thus withdrew its support for the MSD2000.<ref name="RADAR1" />

===Delays===
The financial burdens placed on Germany by [[German reunification|reunification]] caused [[Helmut Kohl]] to make an [[1990 German federal election|election]] promise to cancel the Eurofighter. In early to mid 1991, German Defence Minister [[Volker Rühe]] sought to withdraw Germany from the project in favour of using Eurofighter technology in a cheaper, lighter plane. Because of the amount of money already spent on development, the number of jobs dependent on the project, and the binding commitments on each partner government, Kohl was unable to withdraw; "Rühe's predecessors had locked themselves into the project by a punitive penalty system of their own devising."<ref name="BBCwomc" />
[[File:Royal Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4 MOD 45160576.jpg|thumb|RAF Typhoon FGR4 ''ZK356'' shows its delta wing, July 2016.]]

In 1995, concerns over workshare appeared. Since the formation of Eurofighter, the workshare split had been agreed at 33/33/21/13 (United Kingdom/Germany/Italy/Spain) based on the number of units being ordered by each contributing nation. All the nations then reduced their orders; the UK cut its orders from 250 to 232, Germany from 250 to 140, Italy from 165 to 121, and Spain from 100 to 87.<ref name="BBCwomc" /> According to these order levels, the workshare split should have been 39/24/22/15 UK/Germany/Italy/Spain; however, Germany was unwilling to give up such a large amount of work.<ref name="BBCwomc" /> In January 1996, after much negotiation between German and UK partners, a compromise was reached whereby Germany would purchase another 40 aircraft.<ref name="BBCwomc" /> The workshare split was therefore UK 37.42%, Germany 29.03%, Italy 19.52% and Spain 14.03%.

At the 1996 [[Farnborough Airshow]] the UK announced funding for the construction phase of the project.<ref name="Farn96" /> On 22 December 1997 the defence ministers of the four partner nations signed the contract for production of the Eurofighter.<ref name="CON97" />

===Testing===
[[File:typhoon f2 zj910 canard arp.jpg|thumb|Close-up view of [[RAF]] Typhoon F2 ''ZJ910'', showing the deflected [[canard (aeronautics)|canard]] control surface immediately below the pilot]]

The [[maiden flight]] of the Eurofighter prototype took place in [[Bavaria]] on 27 March 1994, flown by DASA chief test pilot Peter Weger.<ref name="maiden" /> In December 2004, Eurofighter Typhoon IPA4 began three months of Cold Environmental Trials (CET) at the [[Vidsel Air Base]] in Sweden, the purpose of which was to verify the operational behaviour of the aircraft and its systems in temperatures between −25 and 31&nbsp;°C.<ref name="hastings" /> The maiden flight of Instrumented Production Aircraft{{nbsp}}7 (IPA7), the first fully equipped Tranche{{nbsp}}2 aircraft, took place from EADS' [[Manching]] airfield on 16 January 2008.<ref name="T2MAIDEN" />

===Procurement, production and costs===
The first production contract was signed on 30 January 1998 between Eurofighter GmbH, Eurojet and NETMA.<ref name="BBC" /> The procurement totals were as follows: the UK 232, Germany 180, Italy 121, and Spain 87. Production was again allotted according to procurement: BAe (37.42%), DASA (29.03%), Aeritalia (19.52%), and CASA (14.03%).

On 2 September 1998, a naming ceremony was held at [[Farnborough Airfield|Farnborough]], United Kingdom. This saw the Typhoon name formally adopted, initially for export aircraft only. The name continues the storm theme started by the [[Panavia Tornado]]. Germany reportedly opposed this name; the [[Hawker Typhoon]] was a fighter-bomber aircraft used by the RAF during the [[Second World War]] to attack German targets.<ref name="NAMING" /> The name "Spitfire II" (after the famous British Second World War fighter, the [[Supermarine Spitfire]]) had also been considered and rejected for the same reason early in the development programme.<ref name="SPITFIRE" /> In September 1998, contracts were signed for production of 148 Tranche{{nbsp}}1 aircraft and procurement of long lead-time items for Tranche{{nbsp}}2 aircraft.<ref name="CON98" /> In March 2008, the final Tranche{{nbsp}}1 aircraft was delivered to the German Air Force.<ref name="holm" /> On 21 October 2008, the RAF's first two of 91 Tranche{{nbsp}}2 aircraft, were delivered to [[RAF Coningsby]].<ref name="RAFt1" />

In July 2009, after almost 2 years of negotiations, the planned Tranche 3 purchase was split into 2 parts, and the Tranche 3A contract was signed by the partner nations.<ref name="CON09" /> The "Tranche 3B" order did not go ahead.<ref name="NOT3" />

The Eurofighter Typhoon is unique in modern combat aircraft in that there are four separate assembly lines. Each partner company assembles its own national aircraft, but builds the same parts for all aircraft (including exports); [[Premium AEROTEC]] (main centre fuselage),<ref name="BUILD" /> [[EADS CASA]] (right wing, leading edge slats), [[BAE Systems]] (BAE) (front fuselage (including foreplanes), canopy, dorsal spine, tail fin, inboard flaperons, rear fuselage section) and [[Leonardo S.p.A.|Leonardo]] (left wing, outboard [[flaperon]]s, rear fuselage sections).

Production is divided into three tranches (see table below). Tranches are a production/funding distinction and do not imply an incremental increase in capability with each tranche. Tranche{{nbsp}}3 are based on late Tranche{{nbsp}}2 aircraft with improvements added. Tranche{{nbsp}}3 was split into A and B parts.<ref name="FI3A" /> Tranches were further divided up into production standard/capability blocks and funding/procurement batches, though these did not coincide; for example, the Eurofighter designated ''[[Eurofighter Typhoon variants#Typhoon FGR4|FGR4]]'' by the RAF is a Tranche 1, block 5. Batch{{nbsp}}1 covered block 1, but batch{{nbsp}}2 covered blocks 2, 2B and 5. On 25 May 2011, the 100th production aircraft, ZK315, rolled off the production line at Warton.<ref name="ZK315" />

In 1985, the estimated cost of 250 UK aircraft was £7&nbsp;billion. By 1997 the estimated cost was £17&nbsp;billion; by 2003, £20&nbsp;billion, and the in-service date (2003, defined as the date of delivery of the first aircraft to the RAF) was 54 months late.<ref name="LATE54" /> After 2003, the MoD refused to release updated cost estimates on the grounds of commercial sensitivity.<ref name="COMM" /> However, in 2011, the [[National Audit Office (United Kingdom)|National Audit Office]] estimated the UK's "assessment, development, production and upgrade costs eventually hit £22.9&nbsp;billion" and total programme costs would reach £37{{nbsp}}billion.<ref name="NAO" />

By 2007, the [[First Merkel cabinet]] (Germany) estimated the system cost (aircraft and training, plus spare parts) at €120{{nbsp}}million{{clarify|is this _per year_?|date=April 2012}} and said it was in perpetual increase.<ref name="DEUCOST" /> On 17 June 2009, Germany ordered 31 aircraft of Tranche 3A for €2.8{{nbsp}}billion, leading to a system cost of €90{{nbsp}}million per aircraft.<ref name="kunden" /> 
The UK's [[Public Accounts Committee (United Kingdom)|Committee of Public Accounts]] reported that mismanagement of the project had helped increase the cost of each aircraft by seventy-five per cent.<ref name="PACCOST" /> 
The [[Ministry of Defence (Spain)|Spanish MoD]] put the cost of their Typhoon project up to December 2010 at €11.718{{nbsp}}billion, up from an original €9.255{{nbsp}}billion and implying a system cost for their 73 aircraft of €160{{nbsp}}million.<ref name="PEAs" />

On 31 March 2009, a Eurofighter Typhoon fired an [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]] whilst having its radar in passive mode for the first time; the necessary target data for the missile was acquired by the radar of a second Eurofighter Typhoon and transmitted using the [[Multifunctional Information Distribution System]] (MIDS).<ref name="MIDSF" /> The entire Typhoon fleet passed the 500,000 flying hours milestone in 2018.<ref name="HOURS" /> As of August 2019, a total of 623 orders had been received.<ref name="airbus" />

In July 2016, the ten-year Typhoon Total Availability Enterprise (TyTAN) support deal between the RAF and industry partners BAE and Leonardo was announced that aimed to reduce the Typhoon's per-hour operating cost by 30 to 40 per cent.<ref name="TYTAN" /> 
This would equate to a saving of at least £550{{nbsp}}million ($712{{nbsp}}million), which "will be recycled into the programme" and, according to BAE, would result in the Typhoon having a per-hour operating cost "equivalent to a [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]]".<ref name="OPCOST" />  
By 2022, it was estimated that savings would be "over £500{{nbsp}}million."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.leonardocompany.com/en/innovation/tytan |title=Typhoon Total Availability eNterprise – TyTAN |publisher=Leonardo |access-date=21 April 2022}}</ref>

===Upgrades===
In 2000, the UK selected the [[Meteor (missile)|Meteor]] from [[MBDA]] as the long range air-to-air missile armament for its Typhoons with an in-service date of December 2011.<ref name="Meteorcontract" /> In December 2002, France, Germany, Spain and Sweden joined the British in a $1.9bn contract for Meteor on Typhoon, the Dassault Rafale, and the Saab Gripen.<ref name="Meteorcontract" /> The protracted contract negotiations pushed the ISD to August 2012,<ref name="Meteorcontract" /> and it was further put back by Eurofighter's failure to make trials aircraft available to the Meteor partners.<ref name="METTRIAL" /> In 2014 the "second element of the Phase{{nbsp}}1 Enhancements package known as 'P1Eb'" was announced, allowing "Typhoon to realise both its air-to-air and air-to-ground capability to full effect".<ref name="P1Eb" />

In 2011 ''Flight International'' reported that budgetary pressures being encountered by the four original partner nations were limiting upgrades.<ref name="FILIMIT" /> For example, the four original partner nations were reluctant at that stage to fund enhancements that extend the aircraft's air-to-ground capability, such as integration of the [[MBDA Storm Shadow]] cruise missile.<ref name="MEU" />

Tranche 3 aircraft [[electronic countermeasures]] (ECM) enhancements have focused on improving radiating jamming power with antenna modifications, while EuroDASS is reported to offer a range of new capabilities, including the addition of a digital receiver, extending band coverage to low frequencies ([[Very high frequency|VHF]]/[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]]) and introducing an interferometric receiver with extremely precise geolocation functionalities. On the jamming side, EuroDASS is looking to low-band<ref name="DASS0" /> (VHF/UHF) jamming, more capable antennae, new ECM techniques, while protection against missile is to be enhanced through a new passive missile warning system in addition to the active devices already on board the aircraft. The latest support for self-protection will, however, originate from the new [[active electronically scanned array]] (AESA) radar, which is to replace the Captor system, providing in a spiralled programme with passive, active and cyberwarfare RF capabilities. [[Selex ES]] has developed a self-contained expendable [[digital radio frequency memory]] (DRFM) [[Radar jamming and deception|jammer]] for fast jet aircraft known as [[BriteCloud]] which is being studied for integration on the Typhoon.<ref name="centurion" />

[[File:Nozzle of EJ200 afterburning turbofan (5).jpg|thumb|EJ200 TVC prototype]]
Eurojet is attempting to find funding to test [[thrust vectoring]] control (TVC) nozzles on a flight demonstrator.<ref name="FITV" /> In April 2014, BAE announced new wind tunnel tests to assess the aerodynamic characteristics of [[conformal fuel tank]]s (CFTs). The CFTs, which can be fitted to any Tranche 3 aircraft, could carry 1,500 litres each to increase the Typhoon's [[combat radius]] by a factor of 25% to 1,500 n miles (2,778&nbsp;km).<ref name="CFT" />

BAE has completed development of its Striker II Helmet-Mounted Display that builds on the capabilities of the original Striker Helmet-Mounted Display, which is already in service on the Typhoon.<ref name="STRIKER" /> Striker II features a new display with more colour and can transition between day and night seamlessly, eliminating the need for separate night vision goggles. In addition, the helmet can monitor the pilot's exact head position so it always knows exactly what information to display.<ref name="STRIKER2" /> The system is compatible with [[Active noise control|ANR]], a [[3-D audio]] threats system and 3-D communications; these are available as customer options.<ref name="STRIKER3" /> In 2015, BAE was awarded a £1.7{{nbsp}}million contract to study the feasibility of a common weapon launcher that could be capable of carrying multiple weapons and weapon types on a single pylon.<ref name="CL" />

[[File:EurofighterLEX2.jpg|thumb|AMK Leading Edge Root Extension]]
In 2015, Airbus flight tested a package of aerodynamic upgrades for the Eurofighter known as the Aerodynamic Modification Kit (AMK) consisting of reshaped (delta) [[Strake (aeronautics)|fuselage strakes]], extended trailing-edge [[flaperon]]s and [[Leading–edge extension#Leading–edge root extension|leading-edge root extensions]]. This increases wing lift by 25% resulting in an increased turn rate, tighter turning radius, and improved nose-pointing ability at low speed with angle of attack values around 45% greater and roll rates up to 100% higher.<ref name="AMK" /><ref name="AMK4" /><ref name="AMK5" /> Eurofighter's Laurie Hilditch said these improvements should increase subsonic turn rate by 15% and give the Eurofighter the sort of "knife fight in a phone box" turning capability enjoyed by rivals such as Boeing's F/A-18E/F or the Lockheed Martin F-16, without sacrificing the transonic and supersonic high-energy agility inherent to its delta wing-canard configuration.<ref name="AMK2" /> Eurofighter Project Pilot Germany Raffaele Beltrame said: "The handling qualities appeared to be markedly improved, providing more manoeuvrability, agility and precision while performing tasks representative of in-service operations. And it is extremely interesting to consider the potential benefits in the air-to-surface configuration thanks to the increased variety and flexibility of stores that can be carried."<ref name="AMK3" />

In April 2016, Finmeccanica (now Leonardo) demonstrated the air-to-ground capabilities of its Mode{{nbsp}}5 Reverse-[[Identification friend or foe]] (IFF) system which showed that it is possible to give pilots the ability to distinguish between friendly and enemy platforms in a simple fashion using the aircraft's existing transponder.<ref name="RIFF" /> Finmeccanica said [[NATO]] is considering the system as a short- to mid-term solution for air-to-surface identification of friendly forces and thus avoid collateral damages due to friendly fire during close air support operations.<ref name="RIFF" />

====UK Project Centurion upgrades====
With the confirmed retirement date of March 2019 for RAF Tornado GR4s, in 2014 the UK commenced an upgrade programme that would eventually become the £425 million Project Centurion to ensure the Typhoon was able to assume the precision strike duties of the ageing Tornado. The upgrade was delivered under different phases:<ref name="centurion" />
*Phase 0 – initial multirole upgrades.
*Phase 1/P2EA – MBDA Meteor integration and initial Storm Shadow Capability.
*Phase 2/P3EA – Full Storm Shadow capability as well as Brimstone integration.

Phase 1 standard aircraft were used operationally for the first time as part of [[Operation Shader]] over Iraq and Syria in 2018. On 18 December 2018 the RAF approved release to service for the full Project Centurion package.<ref name="centurion" />

====Proposed upgrade for German Tornado replacement====
On 24 April 2018, Airbus announced its offer to replace Germany's Panavia Tornado fleet, proposing the integration of new weaponry, performance enhancements and additional capabilities to the Eurofighter Typhoon.<ref name="FG.COM" /> This is similar to that being performed as part of the UK's Project Centurion. Integration of air-to-ground weapons already has begun on German Typhoons as part of Project Odin. Among the weapons being offered are the Kongsberg Joint Strike Missile for the anti-ship mission and the Taurus cruise missile.

The consortium is keen to make use of the engine's growth potential to boost thrust by around 15% as well as improve fuel efficiency and range. This will be combined with a new design and enlarged 1,800-litre fuel tank. The aircraft currently is fitted with 1,000-litre fuel tanks. Other modifications will include the Aerodynamic Modification Kit, test flown in 2014, to improve manoeuvrability and handling, particularly with heavy weapon loads. Eurofighter says it is comfortable with delivering integration of the US [[B61 nuclear weapon]] onto the aircraft, a process that requires US certification. Paltzo said he was confident the US government would not use the certification requirements of the weapon as "leverage" to force Germany towards a US platform.{{citation needed |reason=Previous 3–4 sentences are all unsourced!|date=July 2019}} A next-generation electronic warfare suite has been planned by the four-country consortium.<ref name="NEWEW" />

In November 2019, Airbus proposed a [[Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses|SEAD]] capability for the aircraft, a role which is currently performed by the Tornado ECR in German service. The Typhoon ECR would be configured with two Escort Jammer pods under the wings and two Emitter Location Systems at the wing tips. Armament would include four MBDA Meteor, two [[IRIS-T]] and six [[SPEAR 3|SPEAR-EW]] in addition to three [[drop tank]]s.<ref name="SEAD" />

On 5 November 2020, the German government approved an order for 38 Tranche 4 with ground attack capabilities for the replacement of Tranche 1 units in German service.<ref>{{cite web|title=Germany approves billion-euro purchase of 38 Eurofighter jets |website=DW.com|url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-approves-billion-euro-purchase-of-38-eurofighter-jets/a-55513389|access-date=19 March 2021|language=en-GB}}</ref>

The Luftwaffe ordered 15 ECR electronic warfare aircraft conversions for the ''Luftgestützte Wirkung im Elektromagnetischen Spektrum'' (luWES) requirement in March 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/germany-opts-for-f-35-eurofighter-to-fulfil-future-fighter-requirements |title=Germany opts for F-35, Eurofighter to fulfil future fighter requirements |work=Jane's |last=Jennings |first=Gareth |date=15 March 2022 |access-date=21 April 2022}}</ref> The 15 Typhoon EK model are to be transformed from existing German Typhoons and are to equipped with [[AGM-88E AARGM]] [[Anti-radiation missile]]s. The aircraft are expected to be NATO-certified by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Trevithick |first1=Joe |title=Electronic Warfare Typhoon EK Fighter To Join German Air Force |date=30 November 2023 |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/electronic-warfare-typhoon-ek-fighter-to-join-german-air-force |publisher=The Drive |access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dörr |first1=Christian |title=Airbus to make Eurofighter fit for electronic combat |date=29 November 2023 |url=http://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2023-11-airbus-to-make-eurofighter-fit-for-electronic-combat |publisher=Airbus |access-date=3 December 2023}}</ref>

The Tranche 4PE is a further development package aiming at integrating improved missiles (Meteor, Taurus, AMRAAM, GBU, JDAM).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ES&T Redaktion |date=29 April 2024 |title=Fast eine halbe Milliarde Euro für NH90, Eurofighter und Nebelhandgranaten |url=https://esut.de/2024/04/meldungen/49173/fast-eine-halbe-milliarde-euro-fuer-nh90-eurofighter-und-nebelhandgranaten/ |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=esut.de |language=de-DE}}</ref>

===Replacement===
Germany is to replace the Eurofighter with the [[New Generation Fighter]] (NGF), co-developed with France and Spain.<ref name="NGFTEMPEST" /> The [[Global Combat Air Programme]] is a ‘6th Generation’ fighter envisioned as a replacement for the RAF and [[Italian Air Force]] (AM), part of the UK's wider [[Future Combat Air System (UK)|Future Combat Air System]].<ref name="NGFTEMPEST" />

==Design==
===Airframe overview===
[[File:Eurofighter 9803.ogg|thumb|left|thumbtime=32|Typhoon flight demonstration]]

The Typhoon is a dual engine, loosely coupled delta canard tailless design featuring a 53-degree leading edge sweepback, relaxed stability, and a digital [[fly-by-wire]] control system. It is a highly agile aircraft at all speeds, subsonic and supersonic, achieved by having intentionally [[relaxed stability]], combined canard and flaperon control surfaces, and a very low wing loading.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Kopp | first1=Carlo | title=Eurofighter Typhoon - Demon or Lemon? | journal=Australian Aviation | date=August 2000 | volume=2000 | url=https://www.ausairpower.net/Analysis-Typhoon.html }}</ref><ref>https://www.c-130.net/forum/download/file.php?id=45867&sid=5b82fb810863dcfb16693d96b6a7d79d {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2025}}</ref> The quadruplex digital fly-by-wire control system manages the inherent instability, allowing better maneuverability than direct pilot control. It is described as "carefree" and prevents the permitted manoeuvre envelope being exceeded. Roll control is primarily achieved by differential use of the flaperons. Pitch control is by coupled operation of the canards and flaperons. The wing leading edges are fitted with automatic movable slats.<ref>Eurofighter Typhoon Technical guide page 43</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Eurofighter Technical Guide 2013 &#124; PDF &#124; Avionics &#124; Radar | url=https://www.scribd.com/document/194518268/Eurofighter-Technical-Guide-2013 }}</ref> A single large rudder provides yaw control.<ref name="AERPERF" /> Engines are fed by a chin double [[intake ramp]] situated below a [[Splitter plate (aeronautics)|splitter plate]]. A hydraulically operated air-brake is integrated behind the cockpit, moving into a near-vertical position to maximise drag when required.
The Typhoon uses lightweight construction (82% composites consisting of 70% [[carbon fibre]] [[composite material]]s and 12% [[glass fibre]] reinforced composites) as well as aluminium lithium and titanium components on leading edge surfaces. The airframe has an estimated lifespan of 6,000 flying hours.<ref name="MATER" /><ref name="HRS" /><ref>{{cite web | title=Eurofighter Technology and Performance : Structure | url=http://typhoon.starstreak.net/Eurofighter/structure.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902053025/http://typhoon.starstreak.net/Eurofighter/structure.html | archive-date=2 September 2011 }}</ref>

====Radar signature reduction features====
[[File:Eurofighter EFA-2000 Typhoon DA1 98+29 Intake DMFO 10June2013 (14563817746).jpg|thumb|[[S-duct]]-like air intake partially conceals engine fans, a major source of radar wave reflection]]

Although it is not considered a [[Stealth aircraft|stealth fighter]], measures were taken to reduce the Typhoon's [[radar cross section]] (RCS), especially from the frontal aspect. For example, the Typhoon has jet inlets that conceal the front of the engines, a strong radar target, from radar. Many important potential radar targets, such as the wing, canard, and fin leading edges, are highly swept so they will reflect radar energy well away from the front.<ref>Richardson 2001, p. 113.</ref> Some external weapons are mounted semi-recessed into the aircraft, partially shielding them from incoming radar.<ref name="structure" /> In addition, [[radar-absorbent material]]s (RAM), developed primarily by [[Airbus|EADS]]/DASA, coat many of the most significant reflectors, such as the wing leading edges, the intake edges and interior, the rudder surrounds, and strakes.<ref name="structure" />

The manufacturers carried out tests on the early Eurofighter prototypes to optimise the low observability characteristics of the aircraft from the early 1990s. Testing at Warton on the DA4 prototype measured the RCS of the aircraft and investigated the effects of a variety of RAM coatings and composites.<ref name="iarpdf" />{{failed verification|date=June 2022}} Passive sensors (PIRATE IRST), which minimise the radiation of revealing electronic emissions, also reduce the likelihood of discovery. While canards generally have poor stealth characteristics from side because of corner to hull,<ref name="STECAN" /> the flight control system is designed to maintain the elevon trim and canards at an angle at which they have the smallest RCS.<ref name="STECAN2" />

===Cockpit===
[[File:Eurofighter cockpit int.jpg|thumb|MHDDs and pedestal panel with centre stick in the Typhoon cockpit]]

The Typhoon features a [[glass cockpit]] without any conventional instruments. It incorporates three full colour multi-function head-down displays (MHDDs). The display formats on these MHDDs are manipulated by means of dedicated controls, softkeys, XY cursor, and voice ([[Direct Voice Input]] or DVI) command. There is a wide-angle [[head-up display]] (HUD) with forward-looking infrared ([[FLIR]]), a voice and hands-on throttle and stick (Voice+[[HOTAS]]), a Helmet Mounted Symbology System ([[Helmet mounted display#Eurofighter Helmet-Mounted Symbology System|HMSS]]), a manual data-entry facility (MDEF) located on the left glareshield and a fully integrated aircraft warning system with a dedicated warnings panel (DWP). There is also an interactive display panel for the [[Multifunctional Information Distribution System|MIDS]]. Reversionary flying instruments, lit by [[LED]]s, are located under a hinged right glareshield.<ref name="INST" /> Access to the cockpit is normally via either a telescopic integral ladder or an external version. The integral ladder is stowed in the port side of the fuselage, below the cockpit.<ref name="LAD" />
[[File:Eurofighter Typhoon cockpit.jpg|thumb|Eurofighter Typhoon cockpit.]]

User needs were given a high priority in the cockpit's design; both layout and functionality was developed with feedback and assessments from military pilots and a specialist testing facility.<ref name="COCKP" /> The aircraft is controlled by means of a [[centre stick]] (or control stick) and left hand [[throttle]]s, designed on a Hand on Throttle and Stick (HOTAS) principle to lower pilot [[Cognitive load|workload]].<ref name="CONTROL" /> Emergency escape is provided by a [[Martin-Baker]] Mk.16A [[ejection seat]], with the canopy being jettisoned by two rocket motors.<ref name="EJSEAT" /> The HMSS was delayed by years but should have been operational by late 2011.<ref name="HMSS" /> Standard ''g''-force protection is provided by the ''full-cover anti-''g'' trousers'' (FCAGTs),<ref name="LIFES" /> a specially developed [[G suit|''g'' suit]] providing sustained protection up to nine ''g''. German and Austrian Air Force pilots wear a hydrostatic ''g''-suit called ''Libelle'' (''dragonfly'') Multi G Plus instead,<ref name="suit" /> which also provides protection to the arms, theoretically giving more complete ''g'' tolerance.

[[File:Royal Air Force Typhoon Pilot's Helmet MOD 45158393.jpg|thumb|left|Helmet Mounted Symbology System (HMSS)]]
In the event of pilot [[Spatial disorientation|disorientation]], the [[Flight Control System]] allows for rapid and automatic recovery by the simple press of a button. On selection of this cockpit control, the FCS takes full control of the engines and flying controls and automatically stabilises the aircraft in a wings level, gentle climbing attitude at 300 knots until the pilot is ready to retake control.<ref name="AUTOR" /> The aircraft also has an Automatic Low-Speed Recovery system (ALSR) which prevents it from departing from controlled flight at very low speeds and high [[angle of attack]]. The FCS system is able to detect a developing low-speed situation and to raise an audible and visual low-speed cockpit warning. This gives the pilot sufficient time to react and to recover the aircraft manually. If the pilot does not react, however, or if the warning is ignored, the ALSR takes control of the aircraft, selects maximum dry power for the engines and returns the aircraft to a safe flight condition. Depending on the attitude, the FCS employs an ALSR "push", "pull" or "knife-over" manoeuvre.<ref name="FCS" />

[[File:Eurofighter DASS MAW.jpg|thumb|Eurofighter DASS Display, showing targets detected by the [[Missile approach warning system|Missile Approach Warners]] (MAW). Down left: System online (hourglass-shaped symbol) and dispenser numbers (C = chaff, F = Flares). Down right decoy status. Right side the elevation bar from ±60°, with marks at +5°, 0° and -5°. The coloured arrows may indicate rate of climb (green) or sink (red) by their thickness.]]
The Typhoon Direct Voice Input (DVI) system uses a speech recognition module (SRM), developed by [[Smiths Industries|Smiths Aerospace]] and Computing Devices. It was the first production DVI system used in a military cockpit. DVI provides the pilot with an additional natural mode of command and control over approximately 26 non-critical cockpit functions to reduce pilot workload, improve aircraft safety, and expand mission capabilities. An important step in the development of the DVI occurred in 1987 when [[Texas Instruments]] completed the TMS-320-C30, a [[digital signal processor]], enabling reductions in the size and system complexity required. The project was given the go-ahead in July 1997 with development carried out on the Eurofighter Active Cockpit Simulator at Warton.<ref name="DVI1" /> The DVI system is speaker-dependent, requiring each pilot to create a template. It is not used for safety-critical or weapon-critical tasks, such as weapon release or lowering of the undercarriage.<ref name="DVI2" /> Voice commands are confirmed by visual or aural feedback, and serves to reduce pilot workload. All functions are also achievable by means of a conventional button-press or soft-key selections; functions include display management, communications, and management of various systems.<ref name="EF_DVI" /> [[Cassidian|EADS Defence and Security]] in Spain has worked on a new non-template DVI module to allow for continuous speech recognition, speaker voice recognition with common databases (e.g. [[British English]], [[American English]], etc.) and other improvements.<ref name="EF_DVI" />

BAE Systems has been awarded a contract to develop new touch screen displays in the cockpit and enhance data processing capability for Eurofighter Typhoon.

===Avionics===
Navigation is via both [[GPS]] and an [[inertial navigation system]]. The Typhoon can use [[Instrument Landing System]] (ILS) for landing in poor weather. The aircraft also features an [[ground proximity warning system|enhanced ground proximity warning system]] (GPWS) based on the [[TERPROM]] Terrain Referenced Navigation (TRN) system used by the Panavia Tornado.<ref name="gpws" /> MIDS provides a [[Link 16]] data link.<ref name="MIDS" />

[[File:DASS by numbers.png|thumb|left|Praetorian DASS: <br />
1. Laser warners <br />
2. Flare launchers (IR decoys) <br />
3. Chaff dispensers <br />
4. Missile warners <br />
5. Wingtip pods for ESCM <br />
6. Towed decoy]]

The aircraft employs a sophisticated and highly integrated [[Defensive aids system|Defensive Aids Sub-System]] named [[Praetorian DASS|Praetorian]] (formerly Euro-DASS).<ref name="DASS" /> Praetorian monitors and responds automatically to air and surface threats, provides an all-round prioritised assessment, and can respond to multiple threats simultaneously. Threat detection methods include a [[Radar warning receiver]] (RWR), a [[Missile approach warning system|missile warning system]] (MWS) and a [[laser warning receiver]] (LWR, only on UK Typhoons). Protective countermeasures consist of [[Chaff (countermeasure)|chaff]], [[flare (countermeasure)|flare]]s, an [[electronic countermeasures]] (ECM) suite, and a towed radar decoy (TRD).<ref name="DASS2" /> The ESM-ECM and MWS consists of 16 antenna array assemblies and 10 radomes.<ref name="EWITEMS" />

Historically, each sensor in an aircraft is treated as a discrete source of information; however, this can result in conflicting data and limits the scope for the automation of systems, increasing pilot workload. To overcome this, the Typhoon employs [[sensor fusion]] techniques. In the Typhoon, fusion of all data sources is achieved through the Attack and Identification System, or AIS. This combines data from the major on-board sensors along with any information obtained from off-board platforms such as [[Airborne early warning and control|AWACS]] and MIDS. Additionally the AIS integrates all the other major offensive and defensive systems (e.g. DASS & communications). The AIS physically comprises two essentially separate units: the Attack Computer (AC) and the Navigation Computer (NC).<ref name="AVI" />

By having a single source of information, pilot workload should be reduced by removing the possibility of conflicting data and the need for cross-checking, improving [[situational awareness]] and increasing systems automation. In practice the AIS should allow the Eurofighter to identify targets at distances in excess of {{cvt|150|nmi}} and acquire and auto-prioritise them at over {{cvt|100|nmi}}. In addition, the AIS offers the ability to automatically control emissions from the aircraft, so called EMCON (from EMissions CONtrol). This should aid in limiting the detectability of the Typhoon by opposing aircraft further reducing pilot workload.<ref name="Paul S. Owen" />

In 2017, an RAF Eurofighter Typhoon demonstrated interoperability with the [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II|F-35B]] using its [[Multifunction Advanced Data Link]] (MADL) in a two-week trial known as Babel Fish III in the [[Mojave Desert]]. This was achieved by translating the MADL messages into Link 16 format, allowing an F-35 in stealth mode to communicate directly with the Typhoon.<ref name="MADL" />

===Radar and sensors===
====Captor radar====
{{main|Euroradar CAPTOR}}
[[File:ILA Berlin 2012 PD 193-2.JPG|thumb|CAPTOR-E demonstrator]]

The Euroradar Captor is a mechanical multi-mode pulse Doppler radar designed for the Eurofighter Typhoon. The Eurofighter operates automatic Emission Controls (EMCON) to reduce the electromagnetic emissions of the current CAPTOR mechanically scanned radar.<ref name="structure" /> The Captor-M has three working channels, one intended for classification of jammer and for jamming suppression.<ref name="CAPCHA" /> A succession of radar software upgrades have enhanced the air-to-air capability of the radar.<ref name="EFW0712" /> These upgrades have included the R2P programme (initially UK only, and known as T2P when 'ported' to the Tranche{{nbsp}}2 aircraft) which is being followed by R2Q/T2Q.<ref name="R2P" /> R2P was applied to eight German Typhoons deployed on Red Flag Alaska in 2012.

;Captor-E AESA variant
The [[Euroradar CAPTOR|Captor-E]] is an [[Active electronically scanned array|AESA]] derivative of the original Captor radar. It is also known as CAESAR (Captor Active Electronically Scanned Array Radar). The Captor-E is developed by the Euroradar Consortium, led by Selex ES.

[[Synthetic aperture radar]] is expected to be fielded as part of the AESA radar upgrade, which will give the Eurofighter an all-weather ground attack capability.<ref name="SAR" /> The conversion to AESA will also give the Eurofighter a [[low probability of intercept radar]] with improved jam resistance.<ref name="AESA1" /> The upgraded radar will feature a gimbal to meet RAF requirements for a wider scan field than a fixed AESA, as the coverage of a fixed AESA is limited to 120° in azimuth and elevation.<ref name="AESA2" /><ref name="AESA3" /> A senior EADS radar expert has claimed that Captor-E is capable of detecting an [[F-35]] from roughly {{convert|59|km}} away.<ref name="AESA4" />

The first flight of a Eurofighter equipped with a "mass model" of the Captor-E occurred in late February 2014, with flight tests of the actual radar beginning in July of that year.<ref name="AESA5" /> On 19 November 2014 the contract to upgrade to the Captor-E was signed at the offices of EuroRadar lead Selex ES in Edinburgh, in a deal worth €1bn.<ref name="AESA6" /> Kuwait became the launch customer for the Captor-E active electronically scanned array radar in April 2016.<ref name="AESA7" /> Germany has announced the intention to integrate the AESA Captor-E into their Typhoons, beginning in 2022.<ref name="AESA8" />

In January 2024, it was announced that the first European Common Radar System (ECRS) MK2 had been fitted to an RAF operated test and evaluation Typhoon ZK355 (BS116), at BAE Systems' site [[Warton Aerodrome|Warton]]. Leonardo and DE&S announced that the initial flight was scheduled to take place later in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Administrator |date=17 January 2024 |title=Cutting-edge Typhoon Radar embodied for first flight |url=https://des.mod.uk/cutting-edge-typhoon-radar-embodied-for-first-flight/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Defence Equipment & Support |language=en-GB}}</ref>

The AESA radar program for the Eurofighter is now split into three European Common Radar System (ECRS) variants:
*ECRS Mk0: also called Radar One Plus, this is the baseline Captor-E model which was developed by Leonardo. Hardware development is complete and it is fitted to aircraft delivered to Kuwait and Qatar.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=17 January 2022 |title=Leonardo to deliver R&D and core parts for ECRS Mk1 E-scan radar |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/leonardo-ecrs-mk1-e-scan-radar/ |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=Airforce Technology}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Smith |title=Electrifying Typhoon |url=https://www.baesystems.com/en-uk/feature/electrifying-typhoon |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=[[BAE Systems]]}}</ref>
*ECRS Mk1: an upgrade of the Mk0 being developed by [[Hensoldt]]/[[Indra Sistemas|Indra]], for Germany and Spain.<ref name="AESA9" /><ref name="AESA10" /> It is to be retrofitted to their Tranche 2 and 3 aircraft, and also fitted to both countries' new Tranche 4 models.<ref name="AESA14" /><ref name="AESA17" /><ref name="20T4" />
*ECRS Mk2: also known as Radar Two, a different version developed from the ARTS and Bright Adder demonstrators, and from the [[Gripen]] E's ES-05 Raven radar.<ref name="AESA12"/> With [[electronic warfare]]/attack capabilities, it is being developed by Leonardo for the RAF, and integrated by BAE Systems. It will initially be applied to Tranche 3 aircraft, but the RAF may upgrade Tranche 2 later.<ref name="AESA11" /> Italy has joined development of the ECRS Mk2,<ref name="AESA15" /><ref name="AESA16" /> which was part of the Typhoon offer to Finland for its [[HX Fighter Program]].<ref name="AESA14" />

====IRST{{Anchor|IRST}}====
{{main|EuroFIRST PIRATE}}

{{Anchor|PIRATE}}The Passive Infra-Red Airborne Track Equipment (PIRATE) system is an [[infrared search and track]] (IRST) system mounted on the port side of the fuselage, forward of the windscreen. Selex ES is the lead contractor which, along with [[Thales Optronics]] (system technical authority) and Tecnobit of Spain, make up the EUROFIRST consortium responsible for the system's design and development. Eurofighters starting with Tranche{{nbsp}}1 block{{nbsp}}5 have the PIRATE. The first Eurofighter Typhoon with PIRATE-IRST was delivered to the Italian [[Aeronautica Militare]] in August 2007.<ref name="PIRATE" /> More advanced targeting capabilities can be provided with the addition of a targeting pod such as the [[Litening]] pod.<ref name="AUSTERE2" />

[[File:Aeronautica Militare Typhoon IRST (27476944291).jpg|thumb|PIRATE IRST]]
When used with the radar in an air-to-air role, it functions as an infrared search and track system, providing passive target detection and tracking. The system can detect variations in temperature at a long range.<ref name="PIRATE2" /> It also provides a navigation and landing aid. PIRATE is linked to the pilot's [[helmet-mounted display]].<ref name="Airforce-TechEF2000" /> It allows the detection of both hot exhaust plumes of jet engines and surface heating caused by friction; processing techniques further enhance the output, giving a near-high resolution image of targets. The output can be directed to any of the Multi-function Head Down Displays, and can also be overlaid on both the Helmet Mounted Sight and the Head Up Display.

Up to 200 targets can be simultaneously tracked using one of several different modes; Multiple Target Track (MTT), Single Target Track (STT), Single Target Track Ident (STTI), Sector Acquisition and Slaved Acquisition. In MTT mode the system will scan a designated volume space looking for potential targets. In STT mode PIRATE will provide tracking of a single designated target. An addition to this mode, STT Ident allows for visual identification of the target, the resolution being superior to CAPTOR's. When in Sector Acquisition mode PIRATE will scan a volume of space under direction of another onboard sensor such as CAPTOR. In Slave Acquisition, off-board sensors are used with PIRATE being commanded by data obtained from an AWACS or other source. When a target is found in either of these modes, PIRATE will automatically designate it and switch to STT.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

Once a target has been tracked and identified, PIRATE can be used to cue an appropriately equipped short range missile, i.e. a missile with a high off-boresight tracking capability such as ASRAAM. Additionally the data can be used to augment that of Captor or off-board sensor information via the AIS. This should enable the Typhoon to overcome severe ECM environments and still engage its targets.<ref name="Paul S. Owen" /> PIRATE also has a passive ranging capability<ref name="PIRATE3" /> although the system remains limited when providing passive firing solutions, as it does not have a [[laser rangefinder]].

===Engines===
{{main|Eurojet EJ200}}

The Eurofighter Typhoon is fitted with two Eurojet EJ200 engines, each capable of providing up to 60&nbsp;kN (13,500&nbsp;lbf) of dry thrust and >90&nbsp;kN (20,230&nbsp;lbf) with afterburners. Using the "war" setting, dry thrust increases by 15% to 69&nbsp;kN per engine and afterburners by 5% to 95&nbsp;kN per engine and for a few seconds, up to 102&nbsp;kN thrust without damaging the engine.<ref name="ENGINESPECS" /> The EJ200 engine combines the leading technologies from each of the four European companies, using advanced [[FADEC|digital control and health monitoring]]; [[wide chord]] aerofoils and [[single crystal]] turbine blades; and a [[de Laval nozzle|convergent / divergent exhaust nozzle]] to give high thrust-to-weight ratio, multimission capability, supercruise performance, low fuel consumption, low cost of ownership, modular construction and growth potential.<ref name="ENGINESPECSMTU" />

[[File:Eurojet EJ200 for Eurofighter Typhoon PAS 2013 01 free.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.3|EJ200 engine on display at [[Paris Air Show]] 2013]]
The Typhoon is capable of supersonic cruise without using [[afterburner]]s (referred to as [[supercruise]]). ''Air Forces Monthly'' gives a maximum supercruise speed of Mach&nbsp;1.1 for the RAF FGR4 multirole version,<ref name="Swing" /> however in a Singaporean evaluation, a Typhoon managed to supercruise at Mach&nbsp;1.21 on a hot day with a combat load.<ref name="SUPERC" /> Eurofighter states that the Typhoon can supercruise at Mach&nbsp;1.5.<ref name="web.archive.org" /> As with the F-22, the Eurofighter can launch weapons while under supercruise to extend their ranges via this "running start".<ref name="RUNNING" /> In 2007, the EJ200 engine had accumulated 50,000 Engine Flying Hours in service with the four Nation Air Forces (Germany, UK, Spain and Italy).<ref name="EJHOURS" />

[[File:EJ200-Eurofighter-Turbine-apel.JPG|thumb|The aircraft's turbofan engine (front)]]
The EJ200 engine has the potential to be fitted with a thrust vectoring control (TVC) nozzle, which the Eurofighter and Eurojet consortium have been actively developing and testing, primarily for export but also for future upgrades of the fleet. TVC could reduce fuel burn on a typical Typhoon mission by up to 5%, as well as increase available thrust in supercruise by up to 7% and take-off thrust by 2%.<ref name="THRUSTV" /> Clemens Linden, Eurojet TURBO GmbH CEO, speaking at the 2018 Farnborough International Air Show, said "15 per cent more thrust would allow pilots to operate with a heavily loaded aircraft in the battlespace with the same performance levels as they have today. The technology insertion also provides more persistence – giving aircraft longer range or longer loitering time. To achieve more thrust we would increase the airflow and pressure ratios of the high and low pressure compressors and run higher temperatures in the turbines by using the latest generation single crystal turbine blade materials. And with higher aerodynamic efficiencies we can achieve a lower fuel burn. A third area of improvement would be the engine exhaust nozzle which would be upgraded with the installation of a 2-parametric version allowing independent and optimized adjustment of the throat and exit area at all flight conditions, providing fuel burn advantages. The technologies for the different components are at a [[Technology readiness level]] of between 7 and 9. The nozzle has been at [[Industria de Turbo Propulsores|ITP]] in Spain on a test bed for 400 hours."<ref name="EJHRS" />

===Performance===
The Typhoon's combat performance, compared to the [[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor|F-22 Raptor]] and F-35 Lightning II fighters and the French Dassault Rafale, has been the subject of much discussion.<ref name="COMPARE1" /> In March 2005, [[United States Air Force]] Chief of Staff General [[John P. Jumper]], then the only person to have flown both the Eurofighter Typhoon and the Raptor, said:

{{blockquote|The Eurofighter is both agile and sophisticated, but is still difficult to compare to the F/A-22 Raptor. They are different kinds of airplanes to start with; it's like asking us to compare a [[NASCAR]] car with a [[Formula One]] car. They are both exciting in different ways, but they are designed for different levels of performance.{{nbsp}}... The Eurofighter is certainly, as far as smoothness of controls and the ability to pull (and sustain high G forces), very impressive. That is what it was designed to do, especially the version I flew, with the avionics, the color moving map displays, etc. — all absolutely top notch. The manoeuvrability of the aeroplane in close-in combat was also very impressive. The F/A-22 performs in much the same way as the Eurofighter. But it has additional capabilities that allow it to perform the [US] Air Force's unique missions. ... The F/A-22 Raptor has stealth and supercruise. It has the ability to penetrate virtually undetected.<ref name="Rapt_Eurof" />}}
[[File:German eurofighter.JPG|thumb|German Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon ''31+17'' during takeoff, July 2010]]

In the 2005 Singapore evaluation, the Typhoon won all three combat tests, including one in which a single Typhoon defeated three RSAF F-16s, and reliably completed all planned flight tests.<ref>Defence Analysis August 2004</ref> In July 2009, Former Chief of Air Staff for the RAF, Air Chief Marshal Sir Glenn Torpy, said that "The Eurofighter Typhoon is an excellent aircraft. It is to be the backbone of the Royal Air Force along with the JSF."<ref name="TORPY" />

In July 2007, Indian Air Force [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Su-30MKI]] fighters participated in the ''Indra-Dhanush'' exercise with the RAF's Typhoon. This was the first time the two fighters had taken part in such an exercise.<ref name="INDIA1" /> The IAF pilots were impressed by the Typhoon's agility.<ref name="AirSceneUK" /> In 2015, Indian Air Force Su-30MKIs again participated in a ''Indra-Dhanush'' exercise with RAF Typhoons.<ref name="INDIA3" />

===Armament===
[[File:Eurofighter hardpoints.png|thumb|The Eurofighter Typhoon has 13 hardpoints for carrying armament. {{legend|red|Hardpoint}} {{legend|red|border=2px solid yellow|Hard point with the ability to hold a droptank}} {{legend|#00ff00|Internal cannon}}]]

==== Air to ground ====
The Typhoon is a multi-role fighter with maturing air-to-ground capabilities. The initial absence of air-to-ground capability is believed to have been a factor in the type's rejection from Singapore's fighter competition in 2005. At the time it was claimed that Singapore was concerned about the delivery timescale and the ability of the Eurofighter partner nations to fund the required capability packages.<ref name="A2G" /> Tranche{{nbsp}}1 aircraft could drop laser-guided bombs in conjunction with third-party designators but the anticipated deployment of Typhoon to Afghanistan meant that the UK required self-contained bombing capabilities before the other partners.<ref name="AUSTERE1" /> In 2006 the UK embarked on the £73m Change Proposal 193 (CP193) to give an "austere" air-to-surface capability using [[GBU-16 Paveway II]] and [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems|Rafael]]/[[Ultra Electronics]] [[Litening|Litening III]] [[laser designator]] for Tranche{{nbsp}}1 Block{{nbsp}}5 aircraft.<ref name="AUSTERE2" /> Aircraft with this upgrade were designated Typhoon FGR4 by the RAF.
[[File:Eurofighter Typhoon FGR.4 'ZK356' (35359259191).jpg|thumb|Eurofighter operated by BAE Systems as a demonstrator with a full weapons load. Seen displaying at the 2016 Royal International Air Tattoo (RIAT), Fairford, UK.]]
Similar capability was added to Tranche 2 aircraft on the main development pathway as part of the Phase{{nbsp}}1 Enhancements. P1Ea (SRP10) entered service in 2013 Q1 and added the use of Paveway IV, EGBU16 and the cannon against surface targets.<ref name="EFW0712" /> P1Eb (SRP12) added full integration with GPS bombs such as [[GBU-10 Paveway II]], GBU-16 Paveway II, [[Paveway IV]] and a new real-time operating system that allows multiple targets to be attacked in a single run.<ref name="EFW0712" /> This new system will form the basis for future weapons integration by individual countries under the Phase{{nbsp}}2 Enhancements. The Storm Shadow and [[KEPD 350]] (Taurus) cruise missiles, together with the Meteor Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air missile flight trials had been successfully completed by January 2016.<ref name="CRTRIAL" /> The [[Storm Shadow]] and Meteor firings are part of the Phase{{nbsp}}2 Enhancement (P2E) programme which introduced a range of new and improved long range attack capabilities to Typhoon. In addition to Meteor and Storm Shadow, the first live firing of MBDA's Brimstone air-to-surface missile, part of the Phase{{nbsp}}3 Enhancements (P3E) programme, was successfully completed in July 2017.<ref name="P3E" />

German aircraft can carry four [[Paveway|GBU-48]] 1000&nbsp;lb bombs.<ref name="GERGBU" />

An anti-ship capability has been studied but has not yet been contracted. Weapon options for this role could include [[Harpoon (missile)|Boeing Harpoon]], [[Sea Killer|MBDA Marte]], "Sea Brimstone", and [[RBS-15]].<ref name="shipping2" /><ref name="Wall" /><ref name="shipping3" />

==== Air to air ====
{{expand section|1=details related to its air-to-air armaments|date=January 2020}}

The Typhoon can carry a mixture of air-to-air weaponry to fulfill its role as an [[air superiority fighter]]. Available weapons include the [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]] and [[Meteor (missile)|MBDA Meteor]] [[Beyond-visual-range missile|beyond visual range]] radar-guided missiles and the [[ASRAAM]], [[IRIS-T]], and [[AIM-9 Sidewinder]] short-range [[infrared homing|IR-guided]] missiles.
[[File:Irist expo mount.JPG|thumb|German ground crew mount an [[IRIS-T]] to a Eurofighter]]
The Typhoon also carries a specially developed variant of the [[Mauser BK-27]] 27&nbsp;mm cannon that was developed originally for the Panavia Tornado. This is a single-barrel, electrically fired, gas-operated revolver cannon with a new linkless feed system which is located in the starboard wing root, and is capable of firing up to 1700 rounds per minute. There was a proposal on cost grounds in 1999 to limit UK gun-armament fit to the first 53 batch-1 aircraft and not used operationally, but this decision was reversed in 2006.<ref name="CANNON" /> The aircraft carries 150 rounds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Typhoon uses cannon in combat |url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/typhoon-uses-cannon-combat |access-date=2 January 2025 |website=ukdefencejournal.org.uk |date=6 June 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

In his 2022 book ''Typhoon'', former RAF pilot Mike Sutton reported that his 27&nbsp;mm cannon had jammed during a strafing run in [[Syria]], against [[ISIS]] targets, while supporting Allied ground units. According to his book, the Typhoon was originally intended to be built without an internal gun, like the [[F-4 Phantom]] and the [[Harrier jump jet]]. A decision to install an internal gun had led to "manufacturing issues". Sutton claimed that, during his strafing run, the gun jammed after 26 rounds, with the HUD showing a "GUN FAIL" warning legend. During the debrief it transpired that the problem was well known to both the pilots and ground crews.<ref>{{cite book |title=Typhoon |last1=Sutton |first1=Mike Sutton |last2=Thurlow |first2=Clifford |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2022 |isbn=978-1405-9503-81 |pages=324–326, 330}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Weapon
! Users
|-
!Guns
!
|-
|[[Mauser BK-27]] autocannon (27mm)
|Germany, Spain, Italy, UK, Austria, Saudi Arabia, Oman
|-
! colspan="2" |Air-to-air missiles{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}
|-
|[[ASRAAM]]
|UK
|-
|[[IRIS-T]]
|Germany, Spain, Italy, Austria, Saudi Arabia
|-
|[[AIM-9 Sidewinder|AIM-9L Sidewinder]]
|Germany, Spain, Italy, UK, Austria, Saudi Arabia, Oman
|-
| [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]]
|Germany, Spain, Italy, UK, Saudi Arabia, Oman
|-
|[[Meteor (missile)|MBDA Meteor]]
|UK, Germany, Spain, Italy
|-
! colspan="2" |Air-to-surface missiles
|-
| Taurus [[KEPD 350]]
|Germany, Spain
|-
| [[Storm Shadow]]
|UK, Italy, Saudi Arabia
|-
| [[Brimstone (missile)|Brimstone II]]
|UK, Germany, Saudi Arabia
|-
! colspan="2" |Air-to-surface guided bombs
|-
| [[Paveway|Paveway II]] (GBU-10) 2,000&nbsp;lb bomb
|Spain
|-
| Paveway II (GBU-16) 1,000&nbsp;lb bomb
|UK, Spain, Oman
|-
| Paveway II (GBU-48) 1,000&nbsp;lb bomb
|UK, Germany, Spain, Saudi Arabia
|-
| [[Paveway IV]]
|UK, Saudi Arabia
|-
|[[Joint Direct Attack Munition]] (GBU-54)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flugrevue.de/laser-jdam-fuer-den-eurofighter-diehl-und-boeing-kooperieren-bei-gbu-54/ |title=Laser JDAM für den Eurofighter: Diehl und Boeing kooperieren bei GBU-54 |date=2 May 2018 |access-date=27 April 2019 |archive-date=25 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025232101/https://www.flugrevue.de/laser-jdam-fuer-den-eurofighter-diehl-und-boeing-kooperieren-bei-gbu-54/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://esut.de/2020/09/meldungen/featured/22893/lenkbomben-gbu-54-fuer-eurofighter/ |title=Lenkbomben GBU-54 für Eurofighter |date=24 September 2020 |access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref>
|Germany
|}

==Operational history==
{{main|Eurofighter Typhoon procurement}}

===Austrian Air Force (''Luftstreitkräfte'')===
[[File:Eurofighter Typhoon AUT.jpg|thumb|left|[[Austrian Air Force]] Eurofighter ''7L-WA'' in flight to [[Zeltweg Air Base]], July 2007]]

In 2002, Austria selected the Typhoon as its new air defence aircraft, it having beaten the F-16 and the Saab Gripen in competition.<ref name="AUSTRIANOS" /> The purchase of 18 Typhoons was agreed on 1 July 2003, however this was reduced to 15 in June 2007.<ref name="AUSTRIANOS" /> The first aircraft (''7L-WA'') was delivered on 12 July 2007 to [[Zeltweg Air Base]] and formally entered service with the [[Austrian Air Force]].<ref name="AUDEL" /> A 2008 report by the Austrian [[Court of Audit]] calculated, that instead of getting 18 Tranche{{nbsp}}2 jets at a price of €109{{nbsp}}million each, as stipulated by the original contract, the revised deal, agreed to by Minister Norbert Darabos, meant that Austria was paying an increased unit price of €114{{nbsp}}million for 15 partially used, Tranche{{nbsp}}1 jets.<ref name="AUT1" /> In July 2008, the Luftstreitkräfte assigned the Eurofighter to [[Quick Reaction Alert]] (QRA) duties, by the end of the year they had been scrambled 73 times.<ref name="QRA73" />

Austrian prosecutors are investigating allegations that up to €100{{nbsp}}million was made available to lobbyists to influence the original purchase decision in favour of the Eurofighter.<ref name="AUP" /> By October 2013, all Typhoons in service with Austria had been upgraded to the latest ''Tranche{{nbsp}}1'' standard.<ref name="austrias" /> In 2014, due to defence budget restrictions, there were only 12 pilots available to fly the 15 aircraft in Austria's Air Force.<ref name="AUF" /> In February 2017, Austrian defence minister [[Hans Peter Doskozil]] accused Airbus of fraudulent intent following a probe that allegedly unveiled corruption linked to the order of Typhoon jets.<ref name="AUSS" />

In July 2017, the Austria Defence Ministry announced that it would be replacing all its Typhoon aircraft by 2020. The ministry said continued use of its Typhoons over their 30-year life span would cost about €5{{nbsp}}billion with the bulk being for maintenance. By comparison it is estimated that buying and operating a new fleet of 15 single-seat and three twin-seat fighters would save €2{{nbsp}}billion over that period. Austria plans to explore a government-to-government sale or lease agreement to avoid a lengthy and costly tender process with a manufacturer. Possible replacements include the Gripen and the F-16.<ref name="AUSTREP" />

On 20 July 2020, a letter written by Indonesia's defence minister, [[Prabowo Subianto]], was published by Indonesian news outlets expressing interest in acquiring Austria's entire fleet of Typhoon jets.<ref name="indo1">{{cite web|work=[[Defense News]]|last=Yeo |first=Mike |date=20 July 2020 |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2020/07/20/indonesia-says-it-wants-to-buy-austrias-entire-typhoon-fighter-fleet/ |title=Indonesia says it wants to buy Austria's entire Typhoon fighter fleet |access-date=21 July 2020}}</ref> The move was criticized due to the "secondhand" nature of the aircraft, its high operational cost, and past legal dispute between Austria Defence Ministry and Airbus.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/07/29/09460101/koalisi-masyarakat-sipil-minta-prabowo-batal-beli-eurofighter-typhoon |title=Koalisi Masyarakat Sipil Minta Prabowo Batal Beli Eurofighter Typhoon |website=Kompas.com |date=29 July 2020 |access-date=19 November 2025 |language=ID}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.republika.id/posts/11113/rencana-pembelian-eurofighter-dikritik |title=Rencana Pembelian Eurofighter Dikritik |website=Republika.id |date=23 October 2020 |access-date=19 November 2025 |language=ID}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tirto.id/alasan-alasan-sebaiknya-prabowo-tidak-beli-jet-tempur-bekas-austria-f6h4 |title=Alasan-Alasan Sebaiknya Prabowo Tidak Beli Jet Tempur Bekas Austria |website=Tirto.id |date=25 October 2020 |access-date=19 November 2025 |language=ID}}</ref>

===German Air Force (''Luftwaffe'')===
[[File:Typhoon - RIAT 2019 (49218554186).jpg|thumb|Luftwaffe Eurofighter ''30+25'' departing RIAT, July 2019]]

On 4 August 2003, the German Air Force accepted its first series production Eurofighter (''30+03'') starting the replacement process of the [[Mikoyan MiG-29]]s inherited from the [[East German Air Force]].<ref name="GER1ST" /> The first Luftwaffe Wing to accept the Eurofighter was ''[[Jagdgeschwader 73]]'' "Steinhoff" on 30 April 2004 at [[Rostock–Laage Airport]].<ref name="FirstLWING" /> The second Wing was ''[[Jagdgeschwader 74]]'' (JG74) on 25 July 2006, with four Eurofighters arriving at [[Neuburg Air Base]], beginning the replacement of JG74's [[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II|McDonnell Douglas F-4F Phantom II]]s.<ref name="REPLACEF4" />

The ''Luftwaffe'' assigned their Eurofighters to QRA on 3 June 2008, taking over from the F-4F Phantom II.<ref name="QRA" />

On 28 October 2014, while deployed to [[Ämari Air Base]] in Estonia as part of the NATO [[Baltic Air Policing]] mission, German Eurofighters scrambled and intercepted seven [[Russian Air Force]] aircraft over the [[Baltic Sea]].<ref name="BALTIC" />

The Luftwaffe once again provided Baltic Air Policing at Ämari Air Base between 31 August 2020 and April 2021, having taken over from [[Dassault Mirage 2000|Dassault Mirage 2000-5Fs]] of the [[French Air and Space Force]].<ref name="BALTIC2" />

On 5 June 2024, the German chancellor announced plans to purchase another twenty Eurofighters.<ref>Sprenger, Sebastian. [https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2024/06/05/germany-leans-into-eurofighter-with-new-order-of-20-jets/ "Germany leans into Eurofighter with new order of 20 jets"]. Defense News, 5 June 2024.</ref>

German Eurofighters took part in [[Exercise Tarang Shakti]] held by the [[Indian Air Force]] from 6 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 August 2024 |title=India's first ever multinational air exercise 'Tarang Shakti' begins at Sulur Air Force Station |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/indias-first-ever-multinational-air-exercise-tarang-shakti-begins-at-sulur-air-force-station/articleshow/112324197.cms |access-date=7 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

===Italian Air Force (''Aeronautica Militare'')===
[[File:Eurofighter EF-2000 Typhoon S MM7286 - 36-02 (cn IS018) Landing @ LIPI with aerobrake displaced (21467992094).jpg|thumb|left|Italian F-2000A Typhoon ''MM7286'' of 936° GEA landing at [[Rivolto Air Base]], September 2015]]
On 16 December 2005, the F-2000 Typhoon reached initial operational capability (IOC) with the [[Italian Air Force]] (''Aeronautica Militare''). Its F-2000 Typhoons were put into service as air defence fighters at the [[Grosseto]] Air Base, and immediately assigned to QRA at the same base.<ref name="Italy_IOC" />

On 17 July 2009, Italian Air Force F-2000A Typhoons were deployed to protect Albania's airspace.<ref name="ALBANIA" /> On 29 March 2011, Italian Air Force Eurofighter Typhoons began flying combat air patrol missions in support of NATO's [[Operation Unified Protector]] in [[Libya]].<ref name="ITLIBYA" />

Between January and August 2015, four ''Aeronautica Militare'' F-2000A Typhoons (from 36º and 37º ''Stormo'') were deployed to [[Šiauliai Air Base]] in northern Lithuania as part of the Baltic Air Policing mission.<ref name="ITLITH" />
{{Clear}}

===Kuwait Air Force===
On 11 September 2015, Eurofighter confirmed that an agreement had been reached to supply Kuwait with 28 aircraft.<ref name="kuwait" /> On 1 March 2016, the [[National Assembly (Kuwait)|Kuwaiti National Assembly]] approved the procurement of 22 single-seat and six twin-seat Typhoons.<ref name="KUWOPTS" /> On 5 April 2016, Kuwait signed a contract with Leonardo valued at €7.957{{nbsp}}billion ($9.062{{nbsp}}billion) for the supply of the 28 aircraft, all to tranche 3 standard.<ref name="KUWCONT" /> The Kuwaiti aircraft are to be the first Typhoons to receive the Captor-E AESA radar, with two instrumented production aircraft from the UK and Germany currently undergoing ground-based integration trials. The Typhoons are to be fitted with Leonardo's Praetorian defensive aids suite and PIRATE infrared search and track system. The contract involves the production of aircraft in Italy and covers logistics, operational support and the training of flight crews and ground personnel. It also encompasses infrastructure work at the [[Ali Al Salem Air Base]], where the Typhoons are to be based.<ref name="KUWFI" />

Deliveries commenced in 2021, and by September 2025 Leonardo announced that the majority of the 28 aircraft ordered had been delivered and entered service.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |title=Kuwait extends Eurofighter in-service support deal with Leonardo through 2029 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/kuwait-extends-eurofighter-in-service-support-deal-with-leonardo-through-2029/164690.article |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=Flight Global |language=en}}</ref> Kuwait subsequently extended its contract with Leonardo for in-service support of the Eurofighter fleet until December 2029.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bernacchi |first=Giulia |date=2025-10-01 |title=Leonardo to Continue Eurofighter Typhoon Support Services for Kuwait |url=https://thedefensepost.com/2025/10/01/leonardo-eurofighter-typhoon-kuwait/ |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=The Defense Post |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Qatar Emiri Air Force===
From January 2011 the [[Qatar Emiri Air Force]] (QEAF) evaluated the Typhoon, alongside the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, the [[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]], the Dassault Rafale, and the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, to replace its then inventory of [[Dassault Mirage 2000#Mirage 2000-5F|Dassault Mirage 2000-5s]]. On 30 April 2015 Qatar announced that it would order 24 Rafales.<ref name="QATRAFA" />

In December 2017 a deal for Qatar to buy 24 jets and a support and training package from BAE was announced, scheduled to begin in 2022.<ref name="Qatarbbc" /> In September 2018, Qatar made the first payment for the procurement of 24 Eurofighter Typhoons and nine [[BAE Systems Hawk]] aircraft to BAE.<ref name="QATPAYM" />

By August 2023, BAE Systems reported that half of the Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft ordered by Qatar had been delivered to the Qatar Emiri Air Force.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |title=Qatar's Typhoon deliveries reach half-way point, BAE says |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/qatars-typhoon-deliveries-reach-half-way-point-bae-says/154429.article |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=Flight Global |language=en}}</ref> In October 2025, [[Turkey|Turkish]] President [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] announced his interest in acquiring all 24 of Qatar’s used Eurofighter Typhoon Tranche 3A aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iddon |first=Paul |title=Turkey Seeks Used Fighters—It Derided Greece For Buying Second-Hand Jets |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/pauliddon/2025/10/22/turkey-seeks-used-fighters-it-derided-greece-for-buying-second-hand-jets/ |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

===Royal Air Force (UK)===
[[File:Eurofighter EF-2000 Typhoon T1, UK - Air Force AN0616796.jpg|thumb|Typhoon T1 ''ZJ800'' of [[No. 17 Squadron RAF|No. XVII (R) Squadron]] at [[RAF Waddington]], June 2004. This was the first RAF full production aircraft to fly.]]

The UK's first Typhoon Development Aircraft (DA-2) ''ZH588'' made its maiden flight on 6 April 1994 from Warton.<ref name="DA2" /> On 1 September 2002, [[No. 17 Squadron RAF|No. XVII (Reserve) Squadron]] was reformed at Warton as the Typhoon Operational Evaluation Unit (TOEU), receiving its first aircraft on 18 December 2003.<ref name="RAFFGR4" /> The first RAF production aircraft to take to the air was ''ZJ800'' (BT001) on 14 February 2003, completing a 21-minute flight.<ref name="FIRSTP" /> The next Typhoon squadron to be formed was [[No. 29 Squadron RAF|No. 29 (R) Squadron]] which formed as the Typhoon Operational Conversion Unit (OCU).<ref name="RAFFGR4" /> The first operational RAF Typhoon squadron to be formed was [[No. 3 Squadron RAF|No.{{nbsp}}3 (Fighter) Squadron]] on 31 March 2006, when it moved to RAF Coningsby.<ref name="RAFOPER" />

No. 3 (F) Squadron Typhoon F2s took over QRA responsibilities from the [[Panavia Tornado F3]] on 29 June 2007, initially alternating with the Tornado F3 every month.<ref name="QRA2" /> On 9 August 2007, the UK's MoD reported that [[No. 11 Squadron RAF|No. XI (F) Squadron]] of the RAF, which stood up as a Typhoon squadron on 29 March 2007,<ref name="11sqnRAF" /> had taken delivery of its first two multi-role Typhoons.<ref name="RAFMULTI" /> Two of No. XI (F) Squadron's Typhoons were sent to intercept a Russian [[Tupolev Tu-95]] approaching British airspace on 17 August 2007.<ref name="RAFINT" /> The RAF Typhoons were declared combat ready in the air-to-ground role by 1 July 2008.<ref name="RAFSURF" /> The RAF Typhoons were projected to be ready to deploy for operations by mid-2008.<ref name="11sqnRAF" />

In late 2009, four RAF Typhoons were deployed to [[RAF Mount Pleasant]], replacing the Tornado F3s of [[No. 1435 Flight RAF|No. 1435 Flight]] defending the [[Falkland Islands]].<ref name="FALKLANDS" /> No.{{nbsp}}6 Squadron stood up at [[RAF Leuchars]] on 6 September 2010, making Leuchars the second RAF base to operate the Typhoon.<ref name="6SQN" />

[[File:RAF Tyhoon Russian Intercept.jpg|thumb|left|A QRA Typhoon F2 (''ZJ932'') of [[No. 11 Squadron RAF|No. XI (F) Squadron]] escorting a Russian [[Tupolev Tu-95]] aircraft over the North Atlantic Ocean, August 2008]]
On 20 March 2011 ten Typhoons from RAF Coningsby and RAF Leuchars arrived at the [[Gioia del Colle Air Base|Gioia del Colle airbase]] in southern Italy to enforce a [[Libyan no-fly zone|no-fly zone in Libya]] alongside Panavia Tornado GR4s.<ref name="LIBYANFZ" /> On 21 March, RAF Typhoons flew their first-ever combat mission while patrolling the no-fly zone.<ref name="RAF1ST" /> On 29 March, it was revealed that the RAF was having to divert personnel from Typhoon training to meet the shortfall in pilots available to fly the required number of sorties over Libya.<ref name="LIBYASHORT" /> On 12 April 2011, a RAF Typhoon and a Tornado GR4 dropped [[precision-guided bomb]]s on ground vehicles operated by Gaddafi forces.<ref name="LIBYAPGB" /> The RAF said that each aircraft dropped one GBU-16 Paveway II 454&nbsp;kg (1,000&nbsp;lb) laser-guided bomb which struck "very successfully and very accurately [and this] represented] a significant milestone in the delivery of multi-role Typhoon."<ref name="LIBYA1ST" /> Target designation was provided by the Tornados with their Litening III targeting pods due to the lack of Typhoon pilots trained in air-to-ground missions.<ref name="WITHTORNADO" />

The National Audit Office observed in 2011 that the distribution of the Eurofighter's parts supply and repairs over several countries has led to parts shortages, long timescales for repairs, and the [[Cannibalization (parts)|cannibalisation]] of some aircraft to keep others flying.<ref name="NAO" /> The UK's then Defence Secretary [[Liam Fox]] admitted on 14 April 2011 that Britain's Eurofighter Typhoon jets were grounded in 2010 due to shortage of spare parts. The RAF "cannibalised" aircraft for spare parts in a bid to keep the maximum number of Typhoons operational on any given day. The MoD warned that the problems were likely to continue until 2015.<ref name="RAFCAN" />

On 15 September 2012, [[No. 1 Squadron RAF|No.{{nbsp}}1 (F) Squadron]] stood up at RAF Leuchars, joining No.{{nbsp}}6 Squadron as the second Typhoon unit to operate in Scotland.<ref name="rafl" /> On 22 April 2013, [[No. 41 Squadron RAF|No. 41 (R) Test and Evaluation Squadron]] (TES) began operating the Typhoon from RAF Coningbsy.<ref name="RAF41" />

By July 2014, a dozen RAF Tranche 2 Typhoons had been upgraded with Phase{{nbsp}}1 Enhancement (P1E) capability to enable them to use the Paveway IV guided bomb; the Tranche{{nbsp}}1 version had used the [[GBU-12 Paveway II]] in combat over Libya, but the Paveway IV can be set to explode above or beneath a target and to hit at a set angle.

No. II (AC) Squadron became the fifth RAF Typhoon squadron on 12 January 2015 at RAF Lossiemouth.<ref name="IISQN" /> In July 2015, it was reported that Typhoons from No. II (AC) Squadron were training with [[Type 45 destroyer]]s in an Air-Maritime Integration (AMI) role, conceding that the service had recently neglected the role following the decommissioning of the [[Hawker Siddeley Nimrod|Nimrod]] Maritime Patrol aircraft.<ref name="MARITIME" /> In the [[Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015|2015 Strategic Defence and Security Review]] (SDSR), the UK decided to retain some of the Tranche{{nbsp}}1 aircraft to increase the number of front-line squadrons from five to seven and to extend the out-of-service date from 2030 to 2040 as well as implementing the Captor-E AESA radar in later tranches.<ref name="SDSR" /> In 2015, Typhoons were deployed to Malta as security for the [[Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2015|Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting]].<ref name="GHOGM" /> On 3 December 2015, six Typhoon FGR4s deployed to [[RAF Akrotiri]] to support operations against ISIL. The following evening the Typhoons, accompanied by Tornados, attacked targets in Syria.<ref name="SYRIA" />

In October 2016, four Typhoon FGR4s from No. II (AC) Squadron, supported by an [[Airbus A330 MRTT|Airbus Voyager KC3]] aerial tanker and a [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III]], deployed to [[Misawa Air Base]] in Japan for the first bilateral exercises with non-US forces hosted by the JASDF.<ref name="JAPAN16" />

[[File:RAF Eurofighter Typhoon ZK439 - 49935269173.jpg|thumb|Typhoon FGR4 ''ZK439'' on approach to [[RAF Marham]], May 2020. This was the penultimate Typhoon to be delivered to the RAF.]]
On 14 December 2017, it was announced No. 12 (B) Squadron would stand as a joint RAF/Qatari Air Force squadron, with the Qatari crew temporarily operating Typhoons to prepare them for their own Typhoon deliveries in 2022.<ref name="QATTEMP" /> On 29 January 2018, the RAF announced that 16 twin-seat Typhoons would undergo the Return to Produce (RTP) process in an effort to save £800{{nbsp}}million, with each airframe producing £50M of spare parts.<ref name="RTP" /> This move also reflected the switch from two-seat trainer to single-seat pilot training and greater use of training simulators. In addition, the two-seat airframes were primarily from Tranche{{nbsp}}1 and could not be equipped with Tranche{{nbsp}}3 and later upgrades such as Captor-E.<ref name="RTP2" />

On 1 April 2019, [[No. IX Squadron RAF|No. IX (B) Squadron]] officially converted from the Tornado GR4 to the Typhoon FGR4, becoming an aggressor and air defence squadron at Lossiemouth.<ref name="9Sqn" /> In April, four Typhoons of No. XI (F) Squadron deployed from RAF Coningsby to Ämari Airbase, Estonia, to undergo a four month long NATO Baltic policing mission (Op AZOTIZE).<ref name="AZOTIZE2019" /> Five Typhoons of No.{{nbsp}}6 Squadron participated in the Arctic Challenge Exercise (ACE) in Sweden from 22 May to 4 June.<ref name="RAFACE" /> No. 12 Squadron were assigned their first Typhoon FGR4 in July 2019.<ref name="12SQN" /> The 160th, and last, Typhoon (''ZK437'') was delivered to the RAF on 27 September 2019.<ref name="RAFLAST" /> Between November and December 2019, No. 1(F) Squadron deployed to [[Naval Air Station Keflavik|Keflavik Airbase]] in Iceland as part of NATO's Icelandic Air Policing Mission.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hemanth |date=15 November 2019 |title=UK sends Typhoon aircraft to support Icelandic Air Policing Mission |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/uk-typhoon-icelandic-air-policing/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Airforce Technology |language=en-US}}</ref> During this one-month deployment the aircraft conducted more than 180 practice intercepts and 59 training sorties.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hemanth |date=11 December 2019 |title=RAF Eurofighter Typhoon jets conclude Nato Air Policing mission in Iceland |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/raf-typhoon-nato-air-policing-iceland/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Airforce Technology |language=en-US}}</ref>

Between April and September 2020, No. 6 Squadron deployed to [[Šiauliai Air Base]], Lithuania, as part of Operation Azotize.<ref name="AZOTIZE2020" /><ref name="AZOTIZE2020end" /> While deployed the squadron participated in Exercise BALTOPs 2020.<ref name="BALTOPs" /> In July 2020, No. 12 Squadron began operating as a joint RAF-QEAF unit at RAF Coningsby.<ref name="12SQN 2" />

On 22 March 2021 the [[Defence in a Competitive Age|2021 Defence Command Paper]] announced the retirement of all Tranche 1 Typhoons by 2025, with the remaining fleet being upgraded.<ref name="2021DCP" /> Also in 2021 the UK launched the P3Ec package, due for delivery in 2024, including several upgrades, including replacing the [[multifunction display]]s with a Large Area Display (LAD).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/air/bae-targets-2024-to-fly-eurofighter-large-area-display-cockpit-demonstrator |title=BAE targets 2024 to fly Eurofighter large-area display cockpit demonstrator |last=Jennings |first=Gareth |website=Janes.com |date=1 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2025}}</ref> On 14 December 2021 the RAF executed its first operational air-to-air engagement with a Typhoon, shooting down a small hostile drone with an [[ASRAAM]] near the [[Al-Tanf (U.S. military base)|Al-Tanf]] coalition base in Syria.<ref name="a2akill">{{cite news |title=First air-to-air engagement by RAF Typhoon carried out in Syria |url=https://www.forces.net/news/first-air-air-engagement-raf-typhoon-carried-out-syria |access-date=16 December 2021 |work=[[BFBS]] |date=16 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=mod-20211216>{{cite news |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/update-air-strikes-against-daesh |title=Update: air strikes against Daesh |via=gov.uk |publisher=Ministry of Defence |date=16 December 2021 |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref>

On 7 September 2022 during the joint UK/US [[Target ship|SinkEx]] 'Atlantic Thunder' a 41 Squadron Typhoon successfully hit the ex-{{USS|Boone}} with Paveway IVs, becoming the first RAF Typhoon to strike a naval target with live ordnance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlantic Thunder 2022: The speed, lethality of a U.K.-U.S. integrated force |url=https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3168502/atlantic-thunder-2022-the-speed-lethality-of-a-uk-us-integrated-force/https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3168502/atlantic-thunder-2022-the-speed-lethality-of-a-uk-us-integrated-force/ |access-date=23 September 2022 |publisher=United States Navy |language=en-US}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=British and American forces obliterate former US warship during impressive test of firepower |url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2022/september/23/220923--british-and-american-forces-obliterate-former-us-warship-during-impressive-test-of-firepower |access-date=23 September 2022 |work=Royal Navy News |publisher=Royal Navy}}</ref>

Between 18 and 22 September 2023, Typhoons from 41 Squadron took part in the Finnish led Exercise ‘Baana 23’. During this exercise, the aircraft performed landings and takeoffs from a highway in [[Tervo]], marking a first for any Eurofighter operator.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ESD |date=28 September 2023 |title=RAF Typhoons Operate from Highway in Finland - European Security & Defence |url=https://euro-sd.com/2023/09/news/34276/raf-typhoons-operate-from-highway-in-finland/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=euro-sd.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 12 January 2024, at 2:30 am local time, four RAF Typhoons dropped [[Paveway IV]] bombs on two military facilities, used by [[Houthis]] to launch drone and missile strikes on ships in the [[Red Sea]], as a part of the [[2024 missile strikes in Yemen|2024 Yemeni airstrike]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |title=First images from the UK of its attack against Iran-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen. |url=https://www.twitter.com/haynesdeborah/status/1745612465226801604 |user=haynesdeborah |last=Haynes |first=Deborah |number=1745612465226801604 |date=11 January 2024 | access-date=12 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Air strikes against Houthi military targets in Yemen |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/air-strikes-against-houthi-military-targets-in-yemen |publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] |via=gov.uk |date=12 January 2024 | access-date=12 January 2024}}</ref> On 13 April 2024, RAF Typhoons shot down an unspecified number of [[unmanned aerial vehicle]]s during the [[April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel|2024 Iranian strikes in Israel]]. The Typhoons, based in Cyprus and Romania, were operating in Iraqi and Syrian airspace as part of [[Operation Shader]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-68810774 |title=RAF fighter jets shot down Iran drones, Rishi Sunak says |last1=Gregory |first1=James |last2=Durbin |first2=Adam |date=14 April 2024 |work=BBC News |access-date=25 April 2024}}</ref>

===Royal Air Force of Oman===
During the 2008 Farnborough Airshow it was announced that [[Oman]] was in an "advanced stage" of discussions to order Typhoons as a replacement for its [[SEPECAT Jaguar]] aircraft.<ref name="OMAN1" /> On 21 December 2012, the [[Royal Air Force of Oman]] (RAFO) became the Typhoon's seventh customer when BAE and Oman announced an order for 12 Typhoons to enter service in 2017.<ref name="OMANORDER" /> The first of the Typhoons (plus Hawk Mk 166) ordered by Oman were "formally presented to the customer" on 15 May 2017. This included a flypast by a RAFO Typhoon.<ref name="OMAN2" />

===Royal Saudi Air Force===
[[File:Saudi Arabia - Eurofighter EF-2000 Typhoon.jpg|thumb|RSAF Typhoon ''1007'' on a delivery flight passing through [[Malta International Airport]], December 2009]]

In August 2006, Saudi Arabia confirmed it had agreed to purchase 72 Typhoons for the [[Royal Saudi Air Force]] (RSAF).<ref name="SAUDI1" /> In December 2006, it was reported in ''The Guardian'' that Saudi Arabia had threatened to buy Rafales because of a UK [[Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom)|Serious Fraud Office]] (SFO) investigation into the [[Al-Yamamah arms deal|Al Yamamah defence deals]] which commenced in the 1980s.<ref name="SAUDI2" />

On 14 December 2006, Britain's attorney general, [[Peter Goldsmith|Lord Goldsmith]], ordered that the SFO discontinue its investigation into BAE Systems' alleged bribery of senior Saudi officials in the Al-Yamamah contracts, citing "the need to safeguard national and international security".<ref name="aly" /> ''The Times'' raised the possibility that RAF production aircraft would be diverted as early Saudi Arabian aircraft, with the RAF forced to wait for its full complement of aircraft.<ref name="TimesSaudi" /> This arrangement would mirror the diversion of RAF Tornados to the RSAF. ''The Times'' also reported that such an arrangement would make the UK purchase of its Tranche{{nbsp}}3 commitments more likely.<ref name="TimesSaudi" /> On 17 September 2007, Saudi Arabia confirmed it had signed a £4.43&nbsp;billion contract for 72 aircraft.<ref name="saucontract" /> 24 aircraft would be at the Tranche{{nbsp}}2 build standard, previously destined for the UK RAF, the first being delivered in 2008. The remaining 48 aircraft were to be assembled in Saudi Arabia and delivered from 2011, however following contract renegotiations in 2011, it was agreed that all 72 aircraft would be assembled by BAE Systems in the UK, with the last 24 aircraft being built to Tranche{{nbsp}}3 capability.<ref name="SAUDI3" />

On 29 September 2008, the [[United States Department of State]] approved the Typhoon sale, required because of a certain technology governed by the [[International Traffic in Arms Regulations]] (ITAR) process which was incorporated into the MIDS of the Eurofighter.<ref name="ITAR" />

On 22 October 2008, the first RSAF Typhoon made its maiden flight at Warton.<ref name="SAUDI4" /> Since 2010, BAE has been training Saudi Arabian personnel at Warton.<ref name="SAUDI5" />

By 2011, 24 Tranche 2 Eurofighter Typhoons had been delivered to Saudi Arabia, consisting of 18 single-seat and six two-seat aircraft. After that, BAE and Riyadh entered into discussions over configurations and price of the rest of the 72-plane order. On 19 February 2014, BAE announced that the Saudis had agreed to a price increase.<ref name="SAUDI6" /> BAE announced that the last of the original 72 Typhoons had been delivered to Saudi Arabia in June 2017.<ref name="Saudi0617" />

RSAF Typhoons are playing a central role in the Saudi-led [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|bombing campaign in Yemen]].<ref name="YEMEN" /> In February 2015, Saudi Typhoons attacked ISIS targets over Syria using Paveway IV bombs for the first time.<ref name="SAUDISYR" />

On 9 March 2018, a memorandum of intent for the additional 48 Typhoons was signed during Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's visit to the United Kingdom,<ref name="SAUDI7" /> however the deal has not been completed due to German arms sanctions implemented in November 2018 in response to the [[assassination of Jamal Khashoggi]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20220224-saudi-arabia-slams-germanys-arms-embargo/ |title=Saudi Arabia slams Germany's arms embargo |date=24 February 2022}}</ref>

===Spanish Air and Space Force===
[[File:Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoon ‘C.16-44 - 14-09’ (31480326162).jpg|thumb|Spanish Eurofighter Tifón C.16-44 of 142 Escuadrón, May 2016]]

The first Spanish production Eurofighter Tifón to fly was ''CE.16-01'' (ST001) on 17 February 2003, flying from [[Getafe Air Base]].<ref name="ST001" /> The Spanish Air and Space Force assigned their Typhoons to QRA responsibilities in July 2008.<ref name="QRA" />

On 7 August 2018, a Spanish Air and Space Force Typhoon, on a training exercise near [[Otepää]] in Estonia, released an AMRAAM missile by mistake. There were no casualties, but the ten-day search operation for missile remains was unsuccessful and the status of the missile is unknown, whether it self-destructed in the air or landed unexploded and left a hazardous situation for the public. The pilot was disciplined for negligence, but received only the minimum penalty in the light of undisclosed mitigating circumstances.<ref name="SPAEST" />
{{Clear}}

==Sales and marketing==
{{main|Eurofighter Typhoon procurement}}

===Germany===
Germany placed an order for an additional 38 Tranche 4 Typhoons on 11 November 2020 under the Quadriga Agreement.<ref>{{Cite press release |date=11 November 2020 |title=Eurofighter/NETMA sign Quadriga contract for new Eurofighter Typhoons |url=https://www.eurofighter.com/news/eurofighternetma-sign-quadriga-contract-for-new-eurofighter-typhoons |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Eurofighter Typhoon |language=en}}</ref> The aircraft are due to replace Tranche 1 aircraft currently in service, with the first airframe being announced as in production in November 2022. Deliveries are due to take place from 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Germany begins 'Quadriga' Eurofighter build |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/germany-begins-quadriga-eurofighter-build |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Janes.com |date=10 November 2022 |language=en}}{{dead link|date=March 2025}}</ref>

In March 2022, the German government announced the decision to purchase Typhoon EK over the [[Boeing EA-18G Growler]] to replace the ageing [[Panavia Tornado|Tornado ECR]] variant from 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |date= 15 March 2022 |first= Tim |last= Martin |title= Remarkable turnaround sees Germany pick F-35 and Eurofighter ECR |url= https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/air-warfare/remarkable-turnaround-sees-germany-pick-f-35-and-e/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website= Shephard |language=en}}</ref> On 30 November 2023, the [[Budget Committee of the Bundestag]] formally announced the plans to convert 15 Typhoons to Electronic Warfare standard.<ref name="twz.com">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Kampfjet Eurofighter |url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ausruestung-technik-bundeswehr/luftsysteme-bundeswehr/eurofighter |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=Bundeswehr.de |language=de}}</ref>

On 5 June 2024, it was announced that an additional 20 Typhoons would be ordered on top of the 38 already on order.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sprenger |first=Sebastian |date=5 June 2024 |title=Germany leans into Eurofighter with new order of 20 jets |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2024/06/05/germany-leans-into-eurofighter-with-new-order-of-20-jets/ |access-date=6 June 2024 |website=Defense News |language=en}}</ref> This order was approved in October 2025.<ref name="defence-network.com">{{Cite web |date=2025-10-08 |title=Bundestag bewilligt 14 weitere Beschaffungsvorhaben |url=https://defence-network.com/bundestag-bewilligt-14-beschaffungsvorhaben/,%20https://defence-network.com/bundestag-bewilligt-14-beschaffungsvorhaben |access-date=2025-10-08 |language=de}}</ref>

=== Italy ===
On 23 December 2024, an order worth €7.5 billion was placed for 24 aircraft.<ref name="ItalyOrderDec24" /><ref name=":0" />

===Spain===
The Spanish Air and Space Force has a requirement for a further 45 Typhoons split across two contracts.

Halcon I was signed in June 2022 for the purchase of 20 aircraft will begin deliveries from 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eurofighter, NETMA and Eurojet sign Halcón contract for new Eurofighter Typhoons |url=https://www.eurofighter.com/news/eurofighter-netma-and-eurojet-sign-halcon-contract-for-new-eurofighter-typhoons |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Eurofighter Typhoon |language=en}}</ref> The contract is for 16 single-seat and four twin-seat airframes, all at Tranche 4 standard. These aircraft are expected to replace the [[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet|EF-18 Hornets]] of Ala 46, based at [[Gando Air Base]] on the Canary Islands.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ila-2022-spain-signs-for-halcon-eurofighters | title=ILA 2022: Spain signs for Halcon Eurofighters | date=23 June 2022 }}</ref>

Halcon II followed on 12 September 2023 for the acquirement of a further 25 Typhoons.<ref name="HALCON2" /> These aircraft will replace the rest of the EF-18 Hornet fleet which is due to be decommissioned in 2030. The Spanish Government announced that these aircraft would be of Tranche 5 configuration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IFC 2023: Airbus details Eurofighter Halcon standards for Spain |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ifc-2023-airbus-details-eurofighter-halcon-standards-for-spain |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Janes.com |date=7 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

===Saudi Arabia===
In October 2016, it was reported that BAE Systems was in talks with Saudi Arabia over an order for another 48 aircraft.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 October 2016 |title=BAE Systems in arms talks with Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-37575599 |access-date=25 April 2024 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> On 9 March 2018, a memorandum of intent for the additional 48 Typhoons was signed during [[Mohammed bin Salman|Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman]]'s visit to the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 March 2018 |title=Saudi Arabia nears Typhoon jet deal with BAE |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43347848 |access-date=25 April 2024 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In January 2024, the German government announced that it would no longer block the sale of 48 Typhoons to Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sprenger |first1=Sebastian |last2=Gosselin-Malo |first2=Elisabeth |date=8 January 2024 |title=German leaders abandon blockade of Eurofighter sale to Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2024/01/08/german-leaders-abandon-blockade-of-eurofighter-sale-to-saudi-arabia/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Defense News |language=en}}</ref> As of February 2024, there has been no official confirmation that the sale will go ahead as other aircraft have been considered to strengthen the Royal Saudi Air Force's combat fleet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WDS: Three-way dogfight for Saudi fighter order {{!}} Times Aerospace |url=https://www.timesaerospace.aero/news/events/wds-three-way-dogfight-for-saudi-fighter-order |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=www.timesaerospace.aero}}</ref>

===Egypt===
In January 2023, reports surfaced that [[Egyptian Air Force|Egypt]] would acquire 24 Typhoons as part of a wider $10–12 Billion arms package from Italy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt grows its modern family {{!}} Times Aerospace |url=https://www.timesaerospace.aero/features/defence/egypt-grows-its-modern-family |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=www.timesaerospace.aero}}</ref>

===Turkey===
[[File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer visits Türkiye.jpg|right|thumb|British Prime Minister Starmer and Turkish President Erdoğan in Ankara, October 2025]]

Amid problems of procuring both F-35s and F-16Vs from the United States, Turkey has also expressed interest in the Eurofighter Typhoon and has started negotiations with UK in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tiwari |first=Sakshi |date=September 27, 2022 |title=Turkey Confirms Interest In Eurofighter Typhoons; Says Negotiating With Europe Amid F-16 Uncertainty |url=https://eurasiantimes.com/turkey-confirms-interest-in-eurofighter-typhoons-says/ |website=Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News}}</ref> Germany initially was blocking the sale of the aircraft to Turkey, but in 2024, Scholz approved the potential sale of 40 Eurofighter to Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web |last=LinnemannRedakteur |first=Navid |date=2024-11-13 |title=40 Eurofighter für die Türkei – Scholz gibt Blockade auf |url=https://defence-network.com/40-eurofighter-fuer-die-tuerkei/ |access-date=2024-11-13 |language=de}}</ref>

An agreement was signed in October 2025 to purchase 20 fighters from the UK for £8 billion, including infrastructure, maintenance and systems.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-27 |title=Turkey, UK sign $11 bn Eurofighter deal as Starmer visits |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251027-turkey-uk-sign-11bn-eurofighter-deal-as-starmer-visits |access-date=2025-10-27 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> Of which, £5.4 billion for the aircraft and munitions.<ref>https://www.calibredefence.co.uk/turkey-buys-typhoon-so-defence-is-a-driver-of-economic-growth/</ref> Furthermore, 24 additional second-hand units are to be acquired from Qatar and Oman.<ref>{{cite web|date=27 October 2025|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/bakan-guler-toplam-44-eurofighter-typhoon-almayi-planliyoruz/3728068|trans-title=Minister Güler: We are planning to purchase 44 Eurofighter Typhoons|title=Bakan Güler: Toplam 44 Eurofighter Typhoon almayı planlıyoruz|publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]]|access-date=27 October 2025|language=tr}}</ref>

===Others===
Other countries have expressed interest in the fighter, including Croatia,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eurofighter – Croatian ace in the hole for the EU – Nacional.hr |url=https://arhiva.nacional.hr/en/clanak/43594/eurofighter-croatian-ace-in-the-hole-for-the-eu |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=arhiva.nacional.hr}}</ref> Serbia,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Serbia interested in new, surplus Eurofighter Typhoons from UK |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/serbia-interested-in-new-surplus-eurofighter-typhoons-from-uk |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Janes.com |date=19 April 2022}}</ref> Poland,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Graf |first=Jędrzej |date=2024-06-26 |title=Polish Air Force to Acquire New Aircraft Type: Decisions Soon |url=https://defence24.com/defence-policy/polish-air-force-to-acquire-new-aircraft-type-decisions-soon |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=defence24.com |language=pl}}</ref> Bangladesh,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weapon System of Choice |url=https://www.eurofighter.com/news/weapon-system-of-choice |date=19 February 2021|website=Eurofighter Typhoon}}</ref> Colombia,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Airbus DS ofrece 15 Eurofighter Tranche 3 a Colombia |url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3126599/airbus-ds-ofrece-15-eurofighter-tranche-3-colombia |date=22 February 2020|publisher=Infodefensa |language=es}}</ref> Ukraine,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Díaz (diazpez) |first=Pablo |date=27 August 2022 |title=F-22, F-35, Gripen and Eurofighter: Ukraine Air Force openly requests for western fighters |url=https://www.aviacionline.com/2022/08/f-22-f-35-gripen-and-eurofighter-ukraine-air-force-openly-requests-for-western-fighters/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Aviacionline.com |language=es}}</ref> and the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web|last=Chuanren|first=Chen|date=2025-09-05|title=Leonardo Pitches Eurofighter Typhoon To The Philippines|url=https://aviationweek.com/defense/aircraft-propulsion/leonardo-pitches-eurofighter-typhoon-philippines|url-access=subscription|website=Aviation Week}}</ref>

The following countries have formally eliminated the Typhoon from their fighter programs: Belgium,<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2018 |title=Belgium picks Lockheed's F-35 over Eurofighter on price |website=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aerospace-belgium/belgium-picks-lockheeds-f-35-over-eurofighter-on-price-idUSKCN1MZ1S0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025145835/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aerospace-belgium/belgium-picks-lockheeds-f-35-over-eurofighter-on-price-idUSKCN1MZ1S0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 October 2018 |access-date=25 April 2024}}</ref> Denmark,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN0Y30VL/ |title=Denmark backs Lockheed Martin's F-35 for $3 billion fighter jet deal |work=Reuters |first1=Jacob |last1=Gronholt-Pedersen |first2=Nikolaj |last2=Skydsgaard |date=12 May 2016 |access-date=13 January 2025}}</ref> Singapore,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singapore Drops Eurofighter from Critical Contract |website=Defense Industry Daily |url=https://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/singapore-drops-eurofighter-from-critical-contract-0401/ |access-date=25 April 2024}}</ref> South Korea,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Waldron |first=Greg |title=South Korea to obtain 40 F-35As |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/south-korea-to-obtain-40-f-35as/111801.article |date=22 November 2013|website=Flight Global}}</ref> Switzerland,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Machi |first=Vivienne |date=19 September 2022 |title=Swiss leaders sign $6.25 billion contract for F-35 fighter jets |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2022/09/19/swiss-leaders-sign-625-billion-contract-for-f-35-fighter-jets/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Defense News }}</ref> and Finland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newdick |first=Thomas |date=6 December 2021 |title=Finland Chooses F-35 As Its Next Fighter: Report |url=https://www.twz.com/43392/finland-chooses-f-35-as-its-next-fighter-report |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=The War Zone }}</ref>

==Variants==
{{main|Eurofighter Typhoon variants}}

The Eurofighter is produced in single-seat and twin-seat variants. The twin-seat variant is not used operationally, but only for training, though it is combat capable. The aircraft has been manufactured in three major standards; seven Development Aircraft (DA), seven production standard Instrumented Production Aircraft (IPA) for further system development,<ref name="IPA" /> and a continuing number of Series Production Aircraft. The production aircraft are now operational with the partner nation's air forces.

The Tranche 1 aircraft were produced from 2000 onwards. Aircraft capabilities are being increased incrementally, with each software upgrade resulting in a different standard, known as blocks.<ref name="efb5" /> With the introduction of the block{{nbsp}}5 standard, the R2 retrofit programme began to bring all Tranche{{nbsp}}1 aircraft to that standard.<ref name="efb5" />

==Operators==
{{main|Eurofighter Typhoon procurement}}

=== Summary ===
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" style="width: 150px;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black; text-align:left" |Operators
! colspan="6" style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black" |Eurofighter Typhoon
Orders
! colspan="6" style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black" |Eurofighter Typhoon
Deliveries
! rowspan="2" style="border-right:dashed 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |Losses
! rowspan="2" style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |Retired
! rowspan="2" style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |In service
! rowspan="2" style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |Notes
|-
! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 1</small>
! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 2</small>
! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 3A</small>
! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 4</small>
! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 4+ / 5</small>
! style="width: 50px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Total</small>
! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 1</small>
! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 2</small>
! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 3A</small>
! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 4</small>
! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 4+ / 5</small>
! style="width: 50px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black; text-align:left" |<small>Total</small>
|-
| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Austria}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>15</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>15</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>15</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>15</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |15
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eurofighter's Rough Ride in Austria Continues |work= Defense Industry Daily |url=https://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/eurofighter-set-for-rough-ride-in-austria-updated-02701/ |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Germany}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>33</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>79</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>31</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>38</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>20</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>201</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>33</small><br><small>{{font color||#F2CECE|(0 / -2)}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>79</small><br><small>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-2 / -1)}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>31</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>0</small><br><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|+38}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>0</small><br><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|+20}}</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>143</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>-2</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>-3</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |138
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2023 |title=Germany orders more Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoons |url=https://www.key.aero/article/germany-orders-more-eurofighter-ef2000-typhoons |access-date=20 December 2024 |website=www.key.aero |language=en}}</ref><ref name="defence-network.com"/>
|-
| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Italy}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>28</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>47</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>21</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>24</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>120</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>28</small><br><small>{{font color||#FFE18B|(-27)}}</small><br><small>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-1 / 0)}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>47<br>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-1 / 0)}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>21<br>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-1 / 0)}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>0</small><br><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|+24}}</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>96</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>-3</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |93
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2024 |title=Italian parliament approves EUR 7.47 billion purchase of Eurofighter jets |url=https://defence-industry.eu/italian-parliament-approves-eur-7-47-billion-purchase-of-eurofighter-jets/ |access-date=20 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Insight: What does the future hold for the Eurofighter Typhoon combat aircraft? {{!}} Shephard |url=https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/air-warfare/insight-what-does-the-future-hold-for-the-eurofighter-typhoon-combat-aircraft/ |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=www.shephardmedia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Kuwait}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>28</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>28</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>15</small><br><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|(+13)}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>15</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |15
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2024 |title=Kuwait to take delivery of remaining Eurofighter jets |url=https://alert5.com/2024/03/08/kuwait-to-take-delivery-of-remaining-eurofighter-jets/ |access-date=20 December 2024 |website=Alert 5 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Oman}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>12</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>12</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>12</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>12</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |12
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oman completes Typhoon deliveries |work=Times Aerospace |url=https://www.timesaerospace.aero/features/defence/oman-completes-typhoon-deliveries |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Qatar}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>24</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>12</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>36</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>22</small><br><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|(+2)}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>0</small><br><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|+12}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>22</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |22
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2024 |title=Qatar confirms purchase of 12 additional Eurofighter Typhoon jets |url=https://defence-industry.eu/qatar-confirms-purchase-of-12-additional-eurofighter-typhoon-jets/ |access-date=20 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>48</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>24</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>72</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>48</small><br><small>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-1 / 0)}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>24</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>72</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>-1</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |71
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://aviationweek.com/system/files/datasheets/10-11-asd_10_16_2023.pdf |title=Global Eurofighter Typhoon Fighter Fleets + Deliveries 2023–2033 |work=Aviation Week |last=Archer |first=Sam |access-date=13 January 2025}}</ref>
|-
| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Spain}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>19</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>34</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>20</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>20</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>25</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>118</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>19</small><br><small>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-2 / 0)}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>34</small><br><small>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-2 / 0)}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>20</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>0</small><br><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|+20}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>0</small><br><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|+25}}</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>73</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>-4</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |69
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2024 |title=IFC 2024: Eurofighter, Spain to finalise Halcon II buy as negotiations conclude |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/defence/ifc-2024-eurofighter-spain-to-finalise-halcon-ii-buy-as-negotiations-conclude |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241120104014/https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/defence/ifc-2024-eurofighter-spain-to-finalise-halcon-ii-buy-as-negotiations-conclude |archive-date=20 November 2024 |access-date=20 December 2024 |website=Default |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Turkey}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>20</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>20</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>0<br></small><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|+20}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-27 |title=Turkey, UK sign $11 bn Eurofighter deal as Starmer visits |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251027-turkey-uk-sign-11bn-eurofighter-deal-as-starmer-visits |access-date=2025-10-27 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|United Kingdom}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>53</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>67</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>40</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>160</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>53</small><br><small>{{font color||#FFE18B|(-53)}}</small><br><small>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-1 / -48)}}</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>67</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>40</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>160</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>-1</small>
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>-48</small>
! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |111
| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allison |first=George |date=3 May 2024 |title=Britain's Typhoon fleet: Counts and variants revealed |url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/britains-typhoon-fleet-counts-and-variants-revealed/ |access-date=20 December 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Allison |first=George |date=2025-09-02 |title=MOD sets out retirement and fleet numbers for Typhoon |url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/mod-sets-out-retirement-and-fleet-numbers-for-typhoon/ |access-date=2025-10-23 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
! style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:left" |TOTAL
! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |148
! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |275
! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |200
! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |90
! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |69
! style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |782
! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |148
! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |275
! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |185
! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |0
! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |0
! style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |608
! style="border-right:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |-11
! style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |-51
! style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |546
| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black" |
|}
{{legend table|width=auto|#CEF2E0|To be delivered|#FFE18B|To be retired|#F2CECE|Losses / retired}}

=== Current operators ===
[[File:Eurofighter operators.png|thumb|upright=1.6|Eurofighter Typhoon operators in blue with orders in cyan]]

; {{AUT}}
* [[Austrian Air Force]] – 15 delivered.<ref name="Reuters" />
**[[Zeltweg Air Base]]
***[[Austrian Air Force#Hinterstoisser Air Base|Überwachungsgeschwader]]<ref name="EF Site" />

; {{GER}}
* [[German Air Force]] – 143 ordered, and all delivered.<ref name="L143" /> As of 14 March 2025, 138 are in service.<ref name="twz.com"/> 38 Tranche 4 aircraft on order under Project Quadriga.<ref name="Quadriga">{{cite web |url= https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2020/11/airbus-signs-contract-for-38-eurofighters-with-germany.html|title = Airbus signs contract for 38 Eurofighters with Germany | publisher = Airbus |access-date= 16 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/german-parliament-commits-to-acquisition-of-38-eurofighter-jets/|title=German Parliament commits to acquisition of 38 Eurofighter jets|website=Airforce-technology |date=9 November 2020}}</ref> 15 Aircraft to be upgraded to Typhoon EW (Electronic Warfare) standard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bundestag approves Eurofighter EK |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/bundestag-approves-eurofighter-ek |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Janes.com |date=30 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> An additional 20 aircraft of the Tranche 5 were ordered in October 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Germany orders 20 new Eurofighters to strengthen air superiority |url=https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2025-10-germany-orders-20-new-eurofighters-to-strengthen-air-superiority |publisher=Airbus |access-date=15 October 2025}}</ref>
**[[Nörvenich Air Base]]
***[[Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 31]] ''"Boelcke"'', 311 & 312 Staffel at<ref name="EF Site" />
**[[Wittmundhafen Air Base]]
*** [[Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 "Richthofen"|Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71]] ''"Richthofen"'', 711 Staffel<ref name="L71" />
**[[Rostock–Laage Airport|Laage Air Base]]
*** [[Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73]] "Steinhoff", 731 & 732 Staffel. (OCU formation)<ref name="EF Site" />
**[[Neuburg Air Base]]
*** [[Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 74]], 741 & 742 Staffel<ref name="EF Site" />
**[[Ingolstadt Manching Airport]]
***[[Bundeswehr Technical and Airworthiness Center for Aircraft|Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 61]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2023 |title=WTD 61 |url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/en/organization/equipment/organization/wtd-61 |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=www.bundeswehr.de |language=en}}</ref>

;{{ITA}}
* [[Italian Air Force]] – 96 ordered with 96 delivered and 93 in operation as of August 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/world-air-forces-2020/135665.article|title = World Air Forces 2020|publisher=[[FlightGlobal]]|year=2020|access-date= 4 June 2020|url-access= registration}}</ref> An additional 24 aircraft were ordered on 23 December 2024 for €7.5 billion.<ref name="ItalyOrderDec24">{{cite web |title=Italy places order for up to 24 Eurofighter Typhoon jets |url=https://www.leonardo.com/en/press-release-detail/-/detail/23-12-2024-italy-places-order-for-up-to-24-eurofighter-typhoon-jets |website=Leonardo |access-date=23 December 2024 |date=23 December 2024}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Amante |first1=Angelo |last2=Segreti |first2=Giulia |date=8 July 2024 |title=Italy to spend 7.5 bln euros on new Eurofighter jets, document shows |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/italy-spend-75-bln-euros-new-eurofighter-jets-document-shows-2024-07-08/ |website=Reuters}}</ref>
**[[Grosseto Air Base]], [[Structure of the Italian Air Force|4º Stormo]] "Amedeo d'Aosta" (4th Wing)<ref name="Eurofighter AM" />
*** 9° Gruppo Caccia (9th Fighter Squadron)
*** 20° Gruppo OCU Caccia (20th Fighter Operational Conversion Squadron)
**[[Gioia del Colle Air Base]], 36° Stormo ''"Riccardo Hellmuth Seidl"'' (36th Wing)<ref name="Eurofighter AM" />
*** 10° Gruppo Caccia (10th Fighter Squadron)
*** 12° Gruppo Caccia (12th Fighter Squadron)
**[[Trapani-Birgi Airport|Trapani Air Base]], 37° Stormo ''"Cesare Toschi"'' (37th Wing)<ref name="Eurofighter AM" />
*** 18° Gruppo Caccia (18th Fighter Squadron)
**[[Istrana Air Base]], 51° Stormo ''"Ferruccio Serafini"'' (51st Wing)<ref>{{cite web |title=Difesa Aerea: i velivoli del 51° Stormo pronti allo scramble |url= http://www.aeronautica.difesa.it/comunicazione/notizie/Pagine/Difesa-Aerea-i-velivoli-del-51%C2%B0-Stormo-pronti-allo-scramble-.aspx |publisher=Italian Air Force |access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref>
*** 132° Gruppo Caccia (132nd Fighter Squadron)
**[[Pratica di Mare Air Base]], Reparto Sperimentale Volo<ref>{{Cite web |last=daniele.sebastiani |date=4 May 2023 |title=Reparto Sperimentale di Volo: missione addestrativa conclusiva per i nuovi "DISPLAY PILOT" e "DISPLAY CREW" |url=https://www.aeronautica.difesa.it/2023/05/04/reparto-sperimentale-di-volo-missione-addestrativa-conclusiva-per-i-nuovi-display-pilot-e-display-crew/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Aeronautica Militare |language=it-IT}}</ref>

;{{KWT}}
*[[Kuwait Air Force]] – 28 ordered<ref name="KuwaitContractSigned" /> with 15 delivered as of 31 March 2024.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}<!-- <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuwait receives four more Eurofighter Typhoons |url=https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/air-warfare/kuwait-receives-four-eurofighter-typhoons/ |date= 31 October 2023 |access-date=25 April 2024 |website= www.shephardmedia.com |language=en}}</ref> - This source is older than March 2024 and lists 13 delivered. -->
**[[Ali Al Salem Air Base|Ali Al Salem AB]], Al Jahra District
***7 Squadron
***18 Squadron

;{{OMN}}
*[[Royal Air Force of Oman]] – 12 ordered in December 2012<ref name="OMANORDER" /> with all delivered by June 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesaerospace.aero/features/defence/oman-completes-typhoon-deliveries|title = Oman completes Typhoon deliveries | work = Times Aerospace}}</ref>
**[[Adam Airport|RAFO Adam]], Ad Dakhiliyah
***No.8 Squadron

;{{QAT}}
*[[Qatar Emiri Air Force]] – 24 ordered,<ref name="Qatarbbc" /> 10 delivered as of March 2023.<ref>{{cite web |first=David |last=Cenciotti |url=https://theaviationist.com/2022/08/27/first-batch-of-eurofighter-typhoon-aircraft-delivered-to-qatar/ |title=First Batch Of Eurofighter Typhoon Aircraft Delivered to Qatar |website=The Aviationist |date=27 August 2022 |access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://militaryaviationreview.com/second-batch-of-qatari-air-force-typhoons-delivered-via-malta |title=Second Batch Of Qatari Air Force Typhoons Delivered Via Malta |website=Military Aviation Review |date=31 August 2022 |access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ukserials.com/results.php?serial=ZR |title=Displaying Serials in range ZR |website=ukserials.com |access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref>
**[[Dukhan / Tamim Airbase|Tamim Airbase]], Dukhan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scramble.nl/planning/orbats/qatar/qatar-emiri-air-force |title=Qatar Emiri Air Force |website=scramble.nl |access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref>
***7 Squadron
***12 Squadron
**[[RAF Coningsby]], Lincolnshire, United Kingdom (from July 2020)<ref name="12SQN 2" />
***[[No. 12 Squadron RAF]], joint RAF/Qatar Emiri Air Force squadron<ref name="12Sqn" />

;{{SAU}}
*[[Royal Saudi Air Force]] – 71 aircraft in operation as of June 2018 from 72 delivered.<ref name="Saudi0617" />
**[[King Fahad Air Base]], Taif<ref name="CBTACAUG15" />
***[[No. 3 Squadron RSAF|No. 3 Squadron]]
***[[No. 10 Squadron RSAF|No. 10 Squadron]]
***[[No. 80 Squadron RSAF|No. 80 Squadron]]<ref name="AFMAUG15" />

; {{ESP}}
* [[Spanish Air and Space Force]] – 73 ordered, all of which have been delivered by October 2020 with 70 in operation as of October 2020.<ref name="UD18j" /> A further 45 aircraft are on order as of 13 September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spain orders 20 Eurofighter Typhoon jets under Project Halcon {{!}} Shephard |url=https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/air-warfare/spain-orders-20-eurofighter-typhoon-jets-under-project-halcon/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=www.shephardmedia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spain launches Halcon II follow-on buy of Eurofighter combat aircraft |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/spain-launches-halcon-ii-follow-on-buy-of-eurofighter-combat-aircraft |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Janes.com |date=13 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> On 20 December 2024, the Spanish government has signed a contract with Munich-based, Germany, NATO Eurofighter and Tornado Management Agency (NETMA) for the acquisition of additional 25 Eurofighter aircraft known as the Halcon II programme.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spain orders 25 additional Eurofighter aircraft|url=https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2024-12-spain-orders-25-additional-eurofighter-aircraft |access-date=20 December 2024 |website=airbus.com|date=27 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Eurofighter Programme 'Renaissance' Continues with Spanish Order for 25 Additional Jets|url=https://www.eurofighter.com/news/eurofighter-programme-renaissance-continues-with-spanish-order-for-25-additional-jets|access-date=20 December 2024|website=www.eurofighter.com|date=27 December 2024}}</ref>
** [[Morón Air Base|Seville-Morón Air Base]], Ala 11
*** 111 Escuadrón<ref name="EFW0202012" />
*** 113 Escuadrón, OCU Tactical pilot training and evaluation<ref name="EFW0202012" />
** [[Albacete Airport|Albacete-Los Llanos Air Base]], Ala 14
*** 142 Escuadrón<ref name="EFW0202012" />
** Past Units
*** Armament and Experimentation Logistics Center<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejército del Aire - Organización - Unidades - Detalle unidad |url=https://ejercitodelaire.defensa.gob.es/EA/ejercitodelaire/es/organizacion/unidades/unidad/Centro-Logistico-de-Armamento-y-Experimentacion-CLAEX/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=ejercitodelaire.defensa.gob.es}}</ref>

; {{UK}}
*[[Royal Air Force]] – 160 ordered, all of which had been delivered by September 2019.<ref name="RAFLAST" />  As of 21 August 2023, the RAF has 137 aircraft, with 102 in service.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=John |date=21 August 2023 |title=UK RAF covertly relocated Typhoons, anticipating future Russian threats |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/royal-air-force-covertly-relocated-typhoons-anticipating-future-russian-threats/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Airforce Technology |language=en-US}}</ref>
**[[RAF Coningsby]], Lincolnshire, England
***[[No. 3 Squadron RAF|No. 3 (F) Squadron]]<ref name="EF Site" />
***[[No. 11 Squadron RAF|No. XI (F) Squadron]]<ref name="EF Site" />
***[[No. 12 Squadron RAF|No. 12 Squadron]], joint RAF/Qatar Air Force squadron<ref name="12Sqn" />
***[[No. 29 Squadron RAF|No. 29 Squadron]], OCU Tactical pilot training and evaluation<ref name="EF Site" /> - [[Typhoon Display Team]] - Taken from No. 29 Squadron<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2025 |title=Typhoon Display Team |url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/display-teams/typhoon-display-team/ |access-date=11 August 2025 |website=Royal Air Force}}</ref>
***[[No. 41 Squadron RAF|No. 41 Test and Evaluation Squadron]]<ref name="41SQN" />
**[[RAF Lossiemouth]], Moray, Scotland
***[[No. 1 Squadron RAF|No. 1 (F) Squadron]]<ref name="EF Site" />
***[[No. 2 Squadron RAF|No. II (AC) Squadron]]<ref name="IIsqn" />
***[[No. 6 Squadron RAF|No. 6 Squadron]]<ref name="EF Site" />
***[[No. 9 Squadron RAF|No. IX (B) Squadron]]<ref name="9Sqn" />
**[[RAF Mount Pleasant]], [[East Falkland]], Falkland Islands
***[[No. 1435 Flight RAF|No. 1435 Flight]]<ref name="EF Site" />
**Past Units
***[[No. 17 Squadron RAF|No. 17 (R) Test & Evaluation Squadron]], Operational Evaluation Unit (operated between 2003 and 2013)<ref name="OEU" />

==Accidents==
*On 21 November 2002, the Spanish twin-seat Typhoon prototype DA-6 crashed due to a double engine [[flameout]] caused by surges of the two engines at 45,000&nbsp;ft. The two crew members escaped unhurt and the aircraft crashed in a military test range near [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]], some {{convert|110|km}} from its base at [[Getafe Air Base]].<ref name="SPACRASH" />
*On 23 April 2008, a RAF Typhoon FGR4 from 17 Squadron at RAF Coningsby (ZJ943), made a [[Belly landing|wheels–up]] landing at the US Navy's [[Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake|NAWS China Lake]], in the United States.<ref name="CRASH9" /> The aircraft was severely damaged however the pilot from [[No. 17 Squadron RAF|17 Squadron]] did not sustain any significant injury. It is thought the pilot may have forgotten to deploy the [[Landing gear|undercarriage]] or that for some reason he was not alerted to the undercarriage having not been deployed.<ref name="CRASH9" />
*On 24 August 2010, a Spanish twin-seat Typhoon crashed at Spain's [[Morón Air Base]] moments after take-off for a routine training flight. It was being piloted by a RSAF pilot, who was killed, and a Spanish Air Force Major, who ejected safely.<ref name="CRASH4" /> In September 2010 the German Air Force grounded its 55 planes and the RAF temporarily grounded all Typhoon training flights amidst concerns that after ejecting successfully the pilot had fallen to his death.<ref name="CRASH5" /><ref name="CRASH6" /> On 21 September, the RAF announced that the harness system had been sufficiently modified to enable routine flying from RAF Coningsby. The Austrian Air Force also said all its aircraft had been cleared for flight.<ref name="CRASH7" /> On 24 August 2010, the ejection seat manufacturer Martin Baker commented: "...{{nbsp}}under certain conditions, the quick release fitting could be unlocked using the palm of the hand, rather than the thumb and fingers, and that this posed a risk of inadvertent release", adding that a modification had been rapidly developed and approved "to eliminate this risk" and was being fitted to all Typhoon seats.<ref name="CRASH8" />
*On 9 June 2014, the [[Spanish Air Force]] announced that a Typhoon had crashed at Spain's Morón Air Base on landing after a routine training flight. The sole pilot, Captain Fernando Lluna Carrascosa of the Spanish Air Force, who had over 600 Eurofighter flying hours, died in the crash.<ref name="SPANCRASH" />
*On 23 June 2014, a Typhoon of the German Air Force suffered [[Olsberg mid-air collision|a mid-air collision]] with a [[Learjet 35A]], which crashed near [[Olsberg, Germany|Olsberg]], Germany. The severely damaged Eurofighter made a safe landing at [[Nörvenich Air Base]], while the Learjet crashed with the two onboard killed.<ref name="CRASH3" />
*On 1 September 2017, a RAF Typhoon [[Runway excursion|overran the runway]] on landing at [[Pardubice Airport]], Czech Republic, after diverting for bad weather.<ref name="Pardubice" />
*On 14 September 2017, a RSAF aircraft crashed on a combat mission in [[Yemen]]'s [[Abyan Governorate|Abhyan province]], killing its pilot. According to the [[Politics of Saudi Arabia|Saudi Government]], the aircraft crashed due to technical reasons.<ref name="RSAFCRASH" />
*On 24 September 2017, an Italian Air Force aircraft crashed during an airshow in [[Terracina]], Lazio, Italy. The pilot did not eject and died in the accident.<ref name="CRASH2" /> The Italian Air Force said the jet completed a loop but then failed to get enough lift as it approached sea level and hit the water just a few hundred metres offshore.<ref name="CRASH2" />
*On 12 October 2017, a Spanish Air Force Typhoon crashed near its base at [[Albacete Airport|Los Llanos]] [[Albacete]], Spain, when returning from the military parade for the [[Fiesta Nacional de España|Spanish National Day]]. The pilot was killed.<ref name="CRASH1" />
*On 24 June 2019, two German Air Force aircraft collided mid-air during an exercise in the region of Müritz in [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] in northern Germany. Both aircraft were lost while the pilots ejected. The two planes were based at [[Laage]], home to the "Steinhoff" [[Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73|Tactical Air Force Wing 73]].{{failed verification|date=July 2022}} Neither plane was carrying weapons. One of the pilots died.<ref name="CRASH0" />
*On 14 December 2022, an Italian Air Force Typhoon of 37° Stormo crashed during the landing sequence into [[Trapani-Birgi Air Base]] in Sicily. The aircraft had been conducting a training mission with another Typhoon which landed safely. The pilot was killed during the crash.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/italian-typhoon-fighter-crashes-while-returning-to-base-in-sicily-one-pilot-killed | title=Italian Typhoon fighter crashes in Sicily, one pilot killed - AeroTime | date=14 December 2022}}</ref>
* On 24 July 2024, an Italian Air Force Typhoon crashed during a military training exercise in the [[Douglas-Daly, Northern Territory|Douglas Daly]] region of the [[Northern Territory]], in outback Australia, during [[Exercise Pitch Black]]. The pilot ejected safely and was taken to [[Royal Darwin Hospital]] by helicopter.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 July 2024 |title=Military aircraft crashes in remote NT during multinational defence exercise |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-07-24/aircraft-crash-daly-river-pitch-black-military-exercise/104136702 |access-date=25 July 2024 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref>

==Aircraft on display==
;Germany
*''98+29'' EF2000 Prototype DA-1 on display at the [[Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim]], Munich.<ref>[https://www.deutsches-museum.de/flugwerft-schleissheim/ausstellung/militaerluftfahrt/eurofighter-da-1 "Eurofighter DA-1."] Retrieved: 13 March 2025.</ref>
*''98+30'' EF2000 Prototype DA-5 on display at the [[Militärhistorisches Museum Flugplatz Berlin-Gatow|MHM Gatow]], currently stored, [[Gatow|Berlin-Gatow]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2024 |title=Luftwaffenmuseum GATOW - Eurofighter seen in front of restoration hangar (picture only visible when logged in) |url=https://www.flugzeugforum.de/threads/luftwaffenmuseum-gatow.38753/page-108#post-3121996 |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=Flugzeugforum.de |language=de-DE}}</ref>
*''30+39'' EF2000 GS0025 on display at the General-Steinhoff barracks, Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zwerger |first=Patrick |date=4 April 2024 |title=Kampfjet auf der Autobahn: Ein Eurofighter wird zerlegt und geht auf Reisen |url=https://www.flugrevue.de/militaer/einmal-durch-deutschland-ein-eurofighter-wird-zerlegt-und-geht-auf-reisen/ |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=www.flugrevue.de |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2025 |title=30+39 seen as a gate guard in Gatow |url=https://x.com/Team_Luftwaffe/status/1826539792953172377 |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=X.com}}</ref>

;Italy
*''MMX602'' EF2000 Prototype DA-3 on display at [[Leonardo (company)|Leonardo]] Factory Museum, [[Caselle Torinese|Caselle]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=In visita al Museo Leonardo - Finmeccanica di Torino Caselle |url=https://www.modellismosalento.it/en/walkaround/musei/884-in-visita-al-museo-leonardo-finmeccanica-di-torino-caselle.html |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=www.modellismosalento.it}}</ref>
*''MMX603'' EF2000 Prototype DA-7 on display at [[Italian Air Force Museum]], [[Vigna di Valle]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Italian Air Force Museum - Eurofighter in Hangar 100 |url=https://www.aeronautica.difesa.it/experiences/museo-am/hangar-100/ |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=www.aeronautica.difesa.it}}</ref>

;United Kingdom
*''ZH588'' EF2000 Prototype DA-2 on display at the [[Royal Air Force Museum London]], Hendon, England.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eurofighter Typhoon |url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/collections/eurofighter-typhoon |website=Royal Air Force Museum |access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref><ref>Ajay, Srivastava. "New Display at Royal Air Force Museum". ''Flight Journal'', Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2008.</ref>
*''ZH590'' EF2000(T) Prototype DA-4 was on display at the [[Imperial War Museum Duxford]], Cambridge, England, in Hangar 3: Air and Sea, and was due to be transferred to the [[Newark Air Museum]] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newarkairmuseum.org/Eurofighter_DA4 |title=Newark Air Museum, England |website=newarkairmuseum.org |date=29 October 2021}}</ref> It now resides at [[RAF Cosford]], however, after the MOD made the decision to use it as an Instructional Airframe.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}

==Specifications==
[[File:Eurofighter Typhoon line drawing.svg|thumb|Eurofighter Typhoon drawings]]

{{Aircraft specs
| ref = RAF Typhoon data,<ref name="RAF_Typhoon" /> Air Forces Monthly,<ref name="Swing" /> ''Superfighters'',<ref>Williams, Mel, ed. "Typhoon". ''Superfighters, The Next Generation of Combat Aircraft''. London: AIRtime, 2002. {{ISBN|1-880588-53-6}}.</ref> and ''Brassey's Modern Fighters''<ref name="Modern Fighters" />
| prime units? = met<!-- General characteristics -->
| crew = 1 or 2
| length m = 15.96
| length note = 
| span m = 10.95
| span note = 
| height m = 5.28
| height note = 
| wing area sqm = 51.2
| wing area note = 
| aspect ratio = <!-- sailplanes -->
| airfoil = <!-- '''root:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA]]; '''tip:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref> -->
| empty weight kg = 11000
| empty weight note = 
| gross weight kg = 16000
| gross weight note = 
| max takeoff weight kg = 23500
| max takeoff weight note = 
| fuel capacity = Internal {{cvt|4500|kg}} (approx),  including external stores {{cvt|7600|kg}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurofighter.com/the-aircraft/features#fuel|title=Features - Fuel system|website=Eurofighter Typhoon|access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Janes |title=All the World's Aircraft 2005-2006 |publisher=Janes |page=287 |edition=2005 |url=https://shop.janes.com/products/air-space/janes-all-the-worlds-aircraft-development-production}}</ref>
| eng1 number = 2
| eng1 name = [[Eurojet EJ200]]
| eng1 type = [[afterburning turbofan]] engines
| eng1 lbf = 13,500
| eng1 note = <ref name="fas_specs" />
| eng1 lbf-ab = 20,200

<!-- Performance -->| max speed kmh = 2,495
| max speed note = at 11 km altitude<ref name=BMLV_EF2000specs>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmlv.gv.at/waffen/waf_eurofighter.shtml|title=Bundesheer—Waffen und Gert—Eurofighter EF 2000|author=BMLVS—Abteilung Kommunikation}}</ref> — or Mach 2.35<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ausruestung-technik-bundeswehr/luftsysteme-bundeswehr/eurofighter|title=Eurofighter|website=Bundeswehr.de|date=February 2017 |access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref><!-- <big>+</big> -->
**{{cvt|1530|km/h|mph kn}} at sea level<ref name="Modern Fighters" /> — or Mach 1.25<ref>See [[Mach number]] for relationship.</ref>
**'''Supercruise:''' Mach 1.5<ref name="web.archive.org" />
| cruise speed kmh = 
| cruise speed note = 
| stall speed kmh = 
| stall speed note = 
| never exceed speed kmh = 
| never exceed speed note = 
| minimum control speed kmh = 
| minimum control speed note = 
| range km = 2900
| range note = 
| combat range km = 1389
| combat range note = ground attack, hi-lo-hi<ref name="fas_specs" />
**{{convert|601|km|nmi mi|abbr=on}} ground attack, lo-lo-lo<ref name="fas_specs" />
| ferry range km = 3790
| ferry range note = with 3 × drop tanks
| endurance = 3 hours combat air patrol (air defence) at {{convert|185|km|nmi mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="fas_specs" />
**10 minutes air-defence loiter at {{convert|1,389|km|nmi mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="fas_specs" />
| ceiling m = 16,764
| ceiling note = <ref name=BMLV_EF2000specs/>
* '''Max flight altitude:''' 20 km (65,000 ft)<ref name="CEIL" /><ref name=BMLV_EF2000specs/>
| g limits = <big>+</big>9 / <big>-</big>3<ref>[http://www.eurofighter.com/eurofighter-typhoon/technicaldata.html Typhoon Technical Data]. eurofighter.com</ref>
| roll rate = <!-- aerobatic -->
| climb rate ms = 315
| climb rate note = <ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwede |first1=Frank |title=Fighter Aircraft Since 1945. |date=30 November 2017 |publisher=Pen & Sword Books |location=[Place of publication not identified] |isbn=978-1473891319}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fighter-planes.com/info/eurofighter_ef2000.htm|title=EuroFighter Typhoon|access-date=8 February 2021|archive-date=12 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212130707/https://www.fighter-planes.com/info/eurofighter_ef2000.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{verify source|date=May 2020}}
| time to altitude = 
| wing loading kg/m2 = 312
| wing loading note = <ref name="Typhoon_Janes" />
| fuel consumption kg/km = 
| thrust/weight = 1.15 (interceptor configuration)<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/products-and-solutions/military-aircraft/eurofighter/2020_03_27-EF-Switzerland.pdf |title=Maximising European Combat Power: Unlocking the Eurofighter's Full Potential |last=Bronk |first=Justin |publisher=Royal United Services Institute |series=Whitehall Report 1–15 |date=April 2015 |issn=1750-9432 |location=Whitehall, UK |access-date=27 March 2021 |archive-date=4 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404140655/https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/products-and-solutions/military-aircraft/eurofighter/2020_03_27-EF-Switzerland.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| more performance = <br />
*'''Brakes-off to Take-off acceleration:''' <8{{nbsp}}s
*'''Brakes-off to supersonic acceleration:''' <30{{nbsp}}s
*'''Brakes-off to Mach&nbsp;1.6 at 11,000&nbsp;m (36,000{{nbsp}}ft):''' <150{{nbsp}}s{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}{{refn|Air superiority configuration.|group=N}}

<!-- Armament -->| guns = 1 × 27&nbsp;mm [[Mauser BK-27]] [[revolver cannon]] with 150 rounds
| hardpoints = Total of 13: 8 × under-wing; and 5 × under-fuselage pylon stations; holding in excess of {{convert|9000|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} of payload<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baesystems.com/en-media/uploadFile/20210404055835/1434615927425.pdf |title=Eurofighter Typhoon for Belgium Air Combat Capability Program |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=14 February 2018 |website=Baesystems.com |publisher=Ministry of Defence |access-date=19 March 2021}}</ref> <br />Typical multi-role configuration for a Tranche 2-P1E would be 4 × AMRAAM, 2×ASRAAM/IRIS-T, 4 × EGBU-16/Paveway-IV, 2 × 1000-litre supersonic fuel tanks and a targeting pod.<ref name="CONFI" />
| rockets = 
| missiles = <ref>AirForces Monthly May/June 2014 Eurofighter 20th Anniversary Special</ref>
**'''[[Air-to-air missile]]s:'''
***[[AIM-120 AMRAAM]]
***[[MBDA Meteor]]
***[[IRIS-T]]
***[[AIM-132 ASRAAM]]
***[[AIM-9 Sidewinder]]
**'''[[Air-to-surface missile]]s:'''
***[[Storm Shadow missile|Storm Shadow/Scalp EG]]
***[[Brimstone (missile)|Brimstone]]
***[[AGM-88 HARM]]
***[[KEPD 350|Taurus KEPD 350]]
***[[SPEAR 3]] (in progress)<ref name="S3" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eurofighter.com/news-and-events/2016/07/spear-missile-fired-from-eurofighter-typhoon-as-future-capability-development-continues|title=Eurofighter Typhoon &#124; Spear Missile Fired from Eurofighter Typhoon as Future Capability Development Continues|access-date=22 September 2021|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016183522/https://www.eurofighter.com/news-and-events/2016/07/spear-missile-fired-from-eurofighter-typhoon-as-future-capability-development-continues|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**'''[[Anti-ship missile]]s:'''
***[[Sea Killer / Marte|Marte ER]] (up to 6 Marte ER anti-ship missiles at 6 hardpoints)<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.mbda-systems.com/product/marte-er/ |title= MARTE ER |publisher= MBDS Systems |access-date= 16 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2019-12-24/new-beginnings-eurofighter-typhoon|title=New Beginnings for the Eurofighter Typhoon|first=Jon|last=Lake|website=Aviation International News}}</ref>
***[[Joint Strike Missile]] (planned)<ref name="JSM" />
| bombs = <br />
**[[Paveway|Paveway II/III/Enhanced Paveway]] series of [[laser-guided bomb]]s (LGBs)
**[[Paveway IV|500-lb Paveway IV]]
**[[Small Diameter Bomb]] (planned for P2E)
**[[Joint Direct Attack Munition]] (JDAM), work started in 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flugrevue.de/auftrag-an-diehl-defence-gbu-54-fuer-den-eurofighter/|title=Auftrag an Diehl Defence: GBU-54 für den Eurofighter|date=25 September 2020}}</ref>
**[[HOPE/HOSBO]], in the future
**[[Spice (bomb)|Spice 250]]<ref name="SPICE" />
*'''Others:'''
**Up to 3 × 1000L [[drop tank]]s for ferry flight or extended range/loitering time
**[[Conformal fuel tank]]s on Tranche 3 or later
| avionics = :*[[Euroradar CAPTOR]]:
:**'''Captor-M''': Solid-state, mechanically scanned array radar
:**'''European Common Radar System (ECRS) Mk0''': [[Active electronically scanned array]] (AESA) radar developed by the original four Eurofighter consortium members. Commonly referred to as the Captor-E. Fitted to Qatari and Kuwaiti Eurofighters.
:**'''ECRS Mk1''': Upgraded Mk0, manufactured by Hendsoldt and Airbus. To be fitted to existing German and Spanish Eurofighters.
:**'''ECRS Mk2''': New (AESA) radar with additional electronic warfare capabilities. Manufactured in Edinburgh by Leonardo UK. To be fitted to existing Tranche 3 UK Eurofighters.
:*[[EuroFIRST PIRATE|Passive Infra-Red Airborne Tracking Equipment]] (PIRATE)
:*[[Praetorian DASS]]
:*[[Damocles (targeting pod)]]
:*[[LITENING targeting pod|LITENING III laser targeting pod]] (LITENING 5 in RAF and Luftwaffe testing)<ref name="LITENING" />
:*[[Sniper Advanced Targeting Pod]]
}}
<!-- A "Popular culture" section should be avoided per Wikipedia:Avoid trivia sections in articles unless the appearances are especially notable. This section should not be a compendium of every trivial appearance, but significant ones of relevance to the airframe.

Please READ [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] and [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history#Popular culture]] before adding any "Popular culture" items. -->

==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{aircontent
|see also=
*[[Timeline of the Eurofighter Typhoon]]
*[[Fourth-generation jet fighter]]
|related=
*[[British Aerospace EAP]]
|similar aircraft=<!--
*[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]]
*[[Chengdu J-10]]
*[[Dassault Rafale]]
*[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon#Variants|Lockheed Martin F-16 Block 50/52/60]]
*[[Mikoyan MiG-35]]
*[[Shenyang_J-11#Variants|Shenyang J-11B]] -->
<!-- DO ''not'' ADD COMPARABLE AIRCRAFT WITHOUT DISCUSSION. A consensus has been reached that this section is subject to the arbitrary judgements of individual editors and is therefore unencyclopedic. See Talk:Eurofighter_Typhoon/Archive_2#Proposal -->
|lists=
*[[List of active United Kingdom military aircraft]]
*[[List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force]]
*[[List of military aircraft of Germany]]
*[[List of active Italian military aircraft]]
*[[List of megaprojects#Aerospace projects|List of megaprojects, Aerospace]]
<!-- See [[WP:Air/PC]] for more info on these fields in template. -->
}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{reflist|group=N}}

===Citations===
<references>
<ref name="2021DCP">{{cite web |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/971859/_CP_411__-_Defence_in_a_competitive_age.pdf |title=Defence in a competitive age |publisher=Ministry of Defence |date=22 March 2021 |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="6SQN">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/raf-leuchars-welcomes-the-typhoon |title=RAF Leuchars welcomes the Typhoon |publisher=Ministry of Defence |website=gov.uk |date=8 September 2010 |access-date=27 March 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="9Sqn">{{cite web |url=https://combataircraft.keypublishing.com/2019/02/14/bats-re-born/ |title='Bats' re-born |website=Combat Aircraft |publisher=Key Publishing |date=14 February 2019 |access-date=21 March 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="11sqnRAF">[http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/11squadron.cfm "11 Squadron."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006192251/http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/11squadron.cfm |date=6 October 2016}} ''Raf.mod.uk'', 9 January 2007. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
<ref name="12SQN">{{cite web |url=https://www.militaryaircraftmarkings.co.uk/updates/MAMupdate170-2019.pdf |title=Military Aircraft Markings Update Number 170, July 2019 |publisher=Military Aircraft Markings |access-date=13 July 2019 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308203238/https://www.militaryaircraftmarkings.co.uk/updates/MAMupdate170-2019.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="12SQN 2">{{cite web |url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/news/articles/uk-qatari-typhoons-take-off-as-joint-squadron/ |title=UK-Qatari Typhoons Take Off As Joint Squadron |publisher=Royal Air Force |website=raf.mod.uk |date=19 July 2020 |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="12Sqn">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-uk-qatari-typhoon-squadron-stands-up-as-defence-relationship-deepens |title=Joint UK-Qatari Typhoon squadron stands up as defence relationship deepens |publisher=Ministry of Defence |website=gov.uk |date=24 July 2018 |access-date=21 March 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="41SQN">[http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafconingsby/newsweather/index.cfm?storyid=F98C1C92-5056-A318-A8E6523A2460382A "Typhoons in new colours"] ''raf.mod.uk,'' 22 April 2013. Retrieved: 2 May 2013.</ref>
<ref name="A2G">[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2006/02/21/204924/typhoon-air-to-ground-ability-near-fruition.html "Typhoon air-to-ground ability near fruition."] ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'', 21 February 2006.</ref>
<ref name="AERPERF">[http://typhoon.starstreak.net/Eurofighter/flight-sys.html "Eurofighter Flight Control Systems."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901224810/http://typhoon.starstreak.net/Eurofighter/flight-sys.html |date=1 September 2011}} ''starstreak.net''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
<ref name="AESA1">Parker, Ian. [http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/issue/feature/Avionics-Crown-Typhoon-Performance_1048.html "Avionics Crown Typhoon Performance."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155531/http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/issue/feature/Avionics-Crown-Typhoon-Performance_1048.html |date=2 April 2015}} ''Aviationtoday.com'', 1 August 2006. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
<ref name="AESA2">[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/05/29/224274/ila-2008-aesa-radar-solution-now-for-typhoons.html "AESA radar solution now for Typhoons."] ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 29 May 2008. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
<ref name="AESA3">[http://www.radartutorial.eu/06.antennas/an14.en.html "AESA Disadvantages."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207044932/http://www.radartutorial.eu/06.antennas/an14.en.html |date=7 December 2013 }} ''Radartutorial.eu''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
<ref name="AESA4">{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2011/10/205_97236.html |title=F-35: a game changer in modern warfare |publisher=Koreatimes.co.kr |date=24 October 2011 |access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="AESA5">{{cite web|title=BAE Begins E-Scan Radar Test Flights|url=http://aviationweek.com/shownews/bae-begins-e-scan-radar-test-flights|website=Aviation Week|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="AESA6">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-30114054|title=BBC News—Eurofighter radar deal secures 500 jobs in Edinburgh|work=BBC News|access-date=19 November 2014|date=19 November 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="AESA7">"Typhoon Captor-E awaits flight testing as Kuwait confirmed as launch customer". FlightGlobal. 7 April 2016.</ref>
<ref name="AESA8">{{cite news |date=4 November 2019 |title=Captor-E AESA Upgrades for Bundeswehr's Eurofighters from 2022 |url=https://www.defenseworld.net/news/25772/Captor_E_AESA_Upgrades_for_Bundeswehr___s_Eurofighters_from_2022#.XcODnxDgpE4 |website=Defenseworld.net |access-date=17 May 2020 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202437/https://www.defenseworld.net/news/25772/Captor_E_AESA_Upgrades_for_Bundeswehr___s_Eurofighters_from_2022#.XcODnxDgpE4 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="AESA9">{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/34940/eurofighters-new-radar-is-nearly-ready-but-royal-air-force-wants-an-even-better-one|title=Eurofighter's New Radar Is Nearly Ready But Royal Air Force Wants An Even Better One|first=Jamie|last=Hunter|website=The Drive|date=17 July 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AESA10">{{cite web|url=https://world.eurofighter.com/articles/e-scan-takes-eurofighter-typhoon-to-new-horizons|title=E-SCAN TAKES EUROFIGHTER TYPHOON TO NEW HORIZONS|website=World.eurofighter.com|access-date=15 February 2022}}</ref>
<ref name="AESA11">{{cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2020/09/03/britain-moves-forward-with-its-own-typhoon-radar-primed-for-electronic-warfare/|title=Britain moves forward with its own Typhoon radar primed for electronic warfare|first=Andrew|last=Chuter|date=3 September 2020|website=Defense News}}</ref>
<ref name="AESA12">{{cite web|url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2020-09-14/britains-long-awaited-radar-two-program-breaks-cover|title=Britain's Long-awaited Radar Two Program Breaks Cover|first=Jon|last=Lake|website=Aviation International News}}</ref>
<ref name="AESA14">{{cite web|url=https://armadainternational.com/2020/10/beam-scheme/|title=Beam Scheme|first=Dr Thomas|last=Withington|date=7 October 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AESA15">[https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/LEONARDO-S-P-A-162001/news/Leonardo-S-p-A-Italy-joins-UK-development-of-next-generation-Eurofighter-Typhoon-radar-36424016/ "Leonardo S p A : Italy joins UK development of next-generation Eurofighter Typhoon radar"] ''Marketscreener.com''. Retrieved: 14 September 2021.</ref>
<ref name="AESA16">[https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/budget-policy-operations/italy-joins-uk-eurofighter-radar-2-development "Italy Joins UK in Eurofighter Radar 2 Development"] ''Aviationweek.com''. Retrieved: 14 September 2021.</ref>
<ref name="AESA17">[https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2021-11-09/typhoon-radar-development-follows-parallel-tracks/ "Typhoon Radar Development Follows Parallel Tracks"] ''Ainonline.com''. Retrieved: 30 March 2022.</ref>
<ref name="AFMAUG15">{{cite book|title=AirForces Monthly|date=August 2015|publisher=[[Key Publishing|Key Publishing Ltd]]|location=[[Stamford, Lincolnshire|Stamford]], [[Lincolnshire]], [[England]]|page=4|title-link=AirForces Monthly}}</ref>
<ref name="airbus">{{cite web|url=https://www.airbus.com/defence/eurofighter.html|title=Eurofighter|website=Airbus|date=2 September 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="Airforce-TechEF2000">[http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/ef2000/ "Eurofighter Typhoon."] ''Airforce-Technology.com''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}
<ref name="AirSceneUK">Parsons, Gary. [http://www.airsceneuk.org.uk/hangar/2007/441indians/indra.htm "Waddington's Indian Summer, Part three: The Exercise."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804163723/http://www.airsceneuk.org.uk/hangar/2007/441indians/indra.htm |date=4 August 2011}} ''AirSceneUK.'' Retrieved: 21 August 2011.</ref>
<ref name="ALBANIA">[http://www.eurofighter.com/media/news0/news-detail/article/italian-typhoons-up-in-the-albanian-air.html "Italian Typhoons up in the Albanian Air."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319052449/http://www.eurofighter.com/media/news0/news-detail/article/italian-typhoons-up-in-the-albanian-air.html |date=19 March 2012}} ''Eurofighter.com'', 17 July 2009. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
<ref name="aly">[http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/articlebusiness.aspx?type=businessNews&storyID=2006-12-14T181242Z_01_WLA6589_RTRUKOC_0_UK-BAE-SAUDI.xml "Probe into BAE's Saudi defence deal dropped."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108151135/http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/articlebusiness.aspx?type=businessNews |date=8 January 2007}} ''Reuters'', 14 December 2006. Retrieved: 14 December 2006.</ref>
<ref name="AMK">{{cite news |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/eurofighter-new-aerodynamics-set-for-2014-test-flight/113606.article |last=Kemsley |first=Dan |date=1 July 2014 |title=Eurofighter: new aerodynamics set for 2014 test flight |work=Flight International}}</ref>
<ref name="AMK2">{{cite news |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/farnborough-typhoon-brews-up-radar-storm-401344/ |title=FARNBOROUGH: Typhoon brews up radar storm |last1=Thisdell |first1=Dan |date=13 July 2014 |website=Flightglobal.com |publisher=Reed Business Information |access-date=15 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="AMK3">{{cite news |date=21 July 2015 |title=Airbus D&S completes Typhoon aerodynamic testing |work=Flight International}}</ref>
<ref name="AMK4">[https://www.aerosociety.com/media/3384/aerospace_1406.pdf AEROSPACE June 2014, section "In The Typhoon's path" by Joe Coles] ''Royal Aeronautical Society''. Retrieved: 17 May 2020.</ref>
<ref name="AMK5">[https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2015/07/flight-test-of-eurofighter-aerodynamic-upgrades-completed.html Flight-test of Eurofighter aerodynamic upgrades completed (July 2015)] ''Airbus Defense and Space''. Retrieved: 15 October 2020.</ref>
<ref name="AUDEL">{{cite web |url=http://www.bundesheer.at/english/dynmod/artikel.php?id=2083 |title=First Eurofighter Delivered to Austria |publisher=Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence |date=12 July 2007 |access-date=21 March 2019 |archive-date=21 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321184910/http://www.bundesheer.at/english/dynmod/artikel.php%3Fid%3D2083 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="AUF">{{cite news|url=https://www.thelocal.at/20140515/twelve-pilots-for-15-eurofighters|title=Only 12 pilots for 15 Eurofighter jets|newspaper=The Local Austria |date=15 May 2014|access-date=24 October 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="AUP">[https://archive.today/20120730193320/http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=7571746 "Austria: EADS Desperately Sought Eurofighter Deal."] ''Agence France-Presse'' via ''Defensenews.com,'' 2 September 2011. Retrieved: 9 January 2012.</ref>
<ref name="AUSTERE1">[http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/farnborough-2008-typhoon-fighter-bomber-declared-operational-225407/ "Farnborough 2008: Typhoon fighter-bomber declared operational."] ''Flight International,'' 14 July 2008. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref>
<ref name="AUSTERE2">{{cite news |last=Mason |first=James |date=24 April 2007 |title=Blue sky thinking |work=Flight International}}</ref>
<ref name="AUSS">{{cite news|title=Austria sues Airbus over alleged Eurofighter corruption|url=http://dw.com/p/2Xg2D|access-date=16 February 2017|work=Deutsche Welle|date=16 February 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="AUSTREP">[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-austria-eurofighter-idUSKBN19S0ZN "Austria plans to end Eurofighter program early amid row with Airbus."] Business News, 7 July 2017.</ref>
<ref name="AUSTRIANOS">{{cite web |url=https://sites.tufts.edu/corruptarmsdeals/airbus-eurofighter-sales-to-austria/ |title=Airbus Eurofighter Sales to Austria |website=sites.tufts.edu/corruptarmsdeals |date=19 December 2017 |access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="austrias">{{cite web|url=https://www.eurofighter.com/news-and-events/2013/10/austrian-eurofighters-equipped-with-latest-capability-standard-for-tranche-1-aircraft|title=Eurofighter Typhoon—Austrian Eurofighters equipped with latest capability standard for Tranche 1 aircraft|access-date=24 October 2016|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308051616/https://www.eurofighter.com/news-and-events/2013/10/austrian-eurofighters-equipped-with-latest-capability-standard-for-tranche-1-aircraft|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="AUT1">{{cite web |first=Andrew |last=Rhys Thompson |url=http://www.css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/101871/pdf |title=Austria: Eurofighter Saga Continues |publisher=ISN Security Watch |website=isn.ethz.ch |date=17 June 2009 |access-date=9 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511150200/http://www.css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/101871/pdf |archive-date=11 May 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="AUTOR">[http://www.eurofighter.com/capabilities/performance/automatic-recovery-system.html "Automatic Recovery System."] ''eurofighter.com.'' Retrieved: 3 February 2012.</ref>
<ref name="AVI">{{cite web |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/sensor-fusion-52559 |title=Sensor fusion |date=16 June 1999 |website= Flight Global |access-date=3 October 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="AZOTIZE2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/news/articles/raf-typhoon-jets-arrive-in-estonia/ |title=RAF Typhoon jets arrive in Estonia |publisher=Royal Air Force |date=25 April 2019 |access-date=13 July 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="AZOTIZE2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/news/articles/raf-typhoons-have-begun-a-nato-air-policing-mission-in-lithuania/ |title=RAF Typhoons have begun a NATO Air Policing mission in Lithuania |publisher=Royal Air Force |website=raf.mod.uk |date=30 April 2020 |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="AZOTIZE2020end">{{cite web |url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/news/articles/the-royal-air-force-complete-this-years-nato-air-policing-mission/ |title=The Royal Air Force Complete This Years NATO Air Policing Mission |publisher=Royal Air Force |website=raf.mod.uk |date=1 September 2020 |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="BALTIC">{{cite web |first=David |last=Cenciotti |url=https://theaviationist.com/2014/10/28/german-typhoons-intercept-7-ruaf-planes/ |title=German Typhoons have intercepted 7 Russian Air Force combat planes over the Baltic Sea today |website=The Aviationist |date=28 October 2014 |access-date=23 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203055705/https://theaviationist.com/2014/10/28/german-typhoons-intercept-7-ruaf-planes/ |archive-date=3 December 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="BALTIC2">{{cite web |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2020/germany-to-fly-nato-air-policing-sorties-out-of-estonia |title=Germany to Fly NATO Air Policing Sorties out of Estonia |website=NATO |date=31 August 2020 |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="BALTOPs">{{cite web |url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/news/articles/raf-typhoons-join-nato-maritime-exercise-in-the-baltic-region/ |title=RAF Typhoons join NATO Maritime Exercise in the Baltic Region |publisher=Royal Air Force |website=raf.mod.uk |date=13 June 2020 |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="BBC">[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/52066.stm BBC "Euro-fighter contracts signed."] ''BBC News'', 30 January 1998. Retrieved: 18 September 2007.</ref>
<ref name="BBCwomc">''Eurofighter: Weapon of Mass Construction'' (TV broadcast). ''BBC'', 6 July 2003 airdate.</ref>

<!-- <ref name="BELF35">{{cite web |last1=Emmott |first1=Robin |title=Belgium picks Lockheed's F-35 over Eurofighter on price |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aerospace-belgium/belgium-picks-lockheeds-f-35-over-eurofighter-on-price-idUSKCN1MZ1S0 |website=Reuters |access-date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025145835/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aerospace-belgium/belgium-picks-lockheeds-f-35-over-eurofighter-on-price-idUSKCN1MZ1S0 |archive-date=25 October 2018 |location=Brussels |date=25 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>-->

<ref name="Boot">Boot 1990, pp. 229–233.</ref>
<ref name="BUILD">Sanchez, Miguel and Serena Di Martino. [http://www.eads.com/eads/int/en/news/press.62021f8f-a5e8-4aa1-8964-6f795b133248.08af92a7-2c53-400a-8429-8b135733cbcc.html?queryStr=Eurofighter&pid=1 "EADS-CASA begins the Eurofighter Typhoon final assembly phase."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233702/http://www.eads.com/eads/int/en/news/press.62021f8f-a5e8-4aa1-8964-6f795b133248.08af92a7-2c53-400a-8429-8b135733cbcc.html?queryStr=Eurofighter&pid=1 |date=2 December 2013}} ''eads.com,'' 26 July 2001. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
<ref name="butler3">Butler 2000, p. 135.</ref>
<ref name="butler4">Buttler 2000, p. 137.</ref>
<ref name="CAPCHA">[http://eurofighter.airpower.at/sensorik-captor.htm Das "Captor" Radar ][https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Feurofighter.airpower.at%2Fsensorik-captor.htm&sl=de&tl=en&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 "Translation."] ''Google.de''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=July 2025}}
<ref name="CANNON">Tweedie, Neil. (3 October 2006) [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1530420/Typhoon-wins-gun-dogfight.html "Typhoon wins gun dogfight."] ''Telegraph.co.uk''. Retrieved on 16 August 2013.</ref>
<ref name="CBTACAUG15">{{cite book|title=Combat Aircraft Monthly|date=August 2015|publisher=[[Key Publishing|Key Publishing Ltd]]|location=[[Stamford, Lincolnshire|Stamford]], [[Lincolnshire]], [[England]]|page=17}}</ref>
<ref name="CEIL">{{cite book|url=https://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/WHR_1-15_Maximising_European_Combat_Air_Power.pdf |chapter=II. Air-to-Air Threat Environment |last=Bronk |first=Justin |title=Maximising European Combat Power |publisher=Royal United Services Institute |date=2015 |issn=1750-9432 |access-date=6 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714141600/https://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/WHR_1-15_Maximising_European_Combat_Air_Power.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="centurion">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=RIAT: How Typhoon updates put Centurion on guard for UK |work=Flight International |date=20 July 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="CFT">{{cite news |date=29 April 2014 |title=Typhoon starts windtunnel tests with conformal fuel tanks |work=Flight International}}</ref>
<ref name="GHOGM">{{cite web|url=http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/59675/maltas_border_controls_to_remain_in_place_until_end_of_year#.Vllt-nYrLDf|title=Suspension of Schengen borders to remain in place until end of year|access-date=21 October 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="CL">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/bae-to-study-common-weapon-launcher-for-typhoon-412903/|title=BAE to study common weapon launcher for Typhoon|date=1 June 2015|access-date=21 October 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="COCKP">[http://www.eurofighter.com/capabilities/technology/cockpit/general-features.html "Cockpit—General Features."] eurofighter.com</ref>
<ref name="COMM">{{cite web |url=https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/070898i.pdf |title=''Ministry of Defence'': Major Projects Report 2007 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=5 August 2012 |website=Nao.org.uk |publisher=National Audit Office |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="COMPARE1">Sweetman, Bill. [http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckScript=blogscript&plckElementId=blogDest&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&plckPostId=Blog%3A27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3A947912ce-ee4b-422e-87fc-00bb5d66044c "JSF Delays Pile Up."] ''Aviationweek.com'', 11 August 2008. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
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<!-- <ref name="DANISH">{{cite news |last1=Seligman |first1=Lara |last2=O'Dwyer |first2=Gerard |date=16 May 2016 |title=Danish Government Recommends Buying 27 F-35s |work=Defense News}}</ref> -->

<ref name="DASS0">{{cite web|author=Air Power Australia |url=http://ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-Low-Band-Radars.html |title=Russian / PLA Low Band Surveillance Radar Systems (Counter Low Observable Technology Radars) |publisher=Ausairpower.net |date=27 January 2014 |pages=1 |access-date=9 June 2014}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=July 2025}}
<ref name="DASS">[http://www.eurofighter.com/media/news0/news-detail/article/farnborough-day-iii-rauen-speaks-media-listen.html "16 July 2008—Farnborough day III: Rauen speaks, media listen."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927053641/http://www.eurofighter.com/media/news0/news-detail/article/farnborough-day-iii-rauen-speaks-media-listen.html |date=27 September 2011}} ''Eurofighter GmbH''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
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<ref name="NETMA">{{cite web |url=http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Defence-Industry-2007/Eurofighter-and-NETMA-strike-logistics-deal.html |title=Eurofighter and NETMA Strike Logistics Deal|publisher= [[Jane's International Defence Review]]|access-date=3 July 2011}}</ref>
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<ref name="RTP">{{cite web |first=Tom |last=Ripley |url=https://www.janes.com/article/77413/raf-to-scrap-twin-seat-typhoons |title=RAF to scrap twin-seat Typhoons |publisher=Jane's 360 |location=London |date=29 January 2018 |access-date=21 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715024044/https://www.janes.com/article/77413/raf-to-scrap-twin-seat-typhoons |archive-date=15 July 2018}}</ref>
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<!--<ref name="SING">{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2005/06/13/199178/typhoon-hit-by-singapore.html|title=Typhoon hit by Singapore|publisher=Flight International |via=flightglobal.com|date=13 June 2005|access-date=24 July 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="SKOR">[http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/south-korea-to-obtain-40-f-35as-393402/ South Korea to obtain 40 F-35As]—Flightglobal.com, 22 November 2013</ref> -->

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</references>

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
*Boot, Roy. ''From Spitfire to Eurofighter: 45 years of Combat Aircraft Design''. Shrewsbury, UK: AirLife Publishing Ltd., 1990. {{ISBN|1-85310-093-5}}.
*Buttler, Tony. ''British Secret Projects: Jet Fighters Since 1950''. Hinckley, UK: Midland Publishing, 2000. {{ISBN|1-85780-095-8}}.
*{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft|date=July 2006 |publisher=Amber Books, 2004|isbn=1-904687-84-9|editor-last=Eden|editor-first=Paul|location=London, UK}}
*Harkins, Hugh. ''Eurofighter 2000, Europe's Fighter for the New Millennium (Aerofax 6)''. Earl Shilton, UK: Midland Publishing, 2006, First edition 1997. {{ISBN|1-85780-068-0}}.
*Matthews, Henry. ''Prelude to Eurofighter: EAP (Experimental Aircraft Programme)'' (X-Planes Profile-1). Beirut, Lebanon: HPM (Henry Paul Matthews) Publications, 2000.
*Richardson, Doug. ''Stealth Warplanes: Deception, Evasion and Concealment in the Air''. London: Salamander, 2001. {{ISBN|0-7603-1051-3}}.
*Spick, Mike. "Eurofighter EF 2000 Typhoon". ''Brassey's Modern Fighters: The Ultimate Guide to In-Flight Tactics, Technology, Weapons, and Equipment''. Washington, DC: Potomac Books Inc, 2002. {{ISBN|1-57488-462-X}}.
*Spick, Mike. "Eurofighter Typhoon". ''The Great Book of Modern Warplanes''. St. Paul, Minnesota USA: MBI Publishing Company, 2000. {{ISBN|0-7603-0893-4}}.
*Williams, Mel, ed. "Dassault Rafale". ''Superfighters, The Next Generation of Combat Aircraft''. London: AIRtime, 2002. {{ISBN|1-880588-53-6}}.
{{Refend}}

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