View source for Eurostat

{{Short description|Statistics agency of the European Union}}
{{distinguish|Eurostar}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name                 = Eurostat
| type                 = [[Directorate-General]]
| logo                 = Eurostat Newlogo.png
| formed               = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} OR {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| agency_type          = Statistical office
| jurisdiction         = 
| status               = 
| image                = Stadtteilzentrum Kirchberg, rue Alphonse Weicker - 2006.jpg
| headquarters         = [[Kirchberg District Centre]], Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| coordinates          = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} -->
| chief1_name          = [[Mariana Kotzeva]]
| chief1_position      = (Director-General)
| parent_department    = [[European Commission]]
}}
'''Eurostat''' ("'''European Statistical Office'''"; also '''DG ESTAT''') is a department of the [[European Commission]] ([[Directorate-General]]), located in the [[Kirchberg, Luxembourg|Kirchberg]] quarter of [[Luxembourg City]], Luxembourg. Eurostat's main responsibilities are to provide statistical information to the [[institutions of the European Union]] (EU) and to promote the harmonisation of statistical methods across its [[Member state of the European Union|member states]] and [[Enlargement of the European Union|candidates for accession]] as well as [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] countries. The organisations in the different countries that cooperate with Eurostat are summarised under the concept of the European Statistical System.

==Organisation==
Eurostat operates pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 223/2009.<ref name="32009R0223">{{CELEX|32009R0223|text=Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2009 on European statistics and repealing Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1101/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the transmission of data subject to statistical confidentiality to the Statistical Office of the European Communities, Council Regulation (EC) No 322/97 on Community Statistics, and Council Decision 89/382/EEC, Euratom establishing a Committee on the Statistical Programmes of the European Communities}}</ref> Since the swearing in of the [[Von der Leyen Commission I|von der Leyen Commission]] in December 2019, Eurostat is allocated to the portfolio of the [[European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs|European Commissioner for the Economy]], [[Paolo Gentiloni]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Paolo Gentiloni |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2019-2024/gentiloni_en |website=European Commission |access-date=30 March 2020 |language=en |date=12 November 2019}}</ref>

The [[Director-General]] of Eurostat is [[Mariana Kotzeva]], former Deputy Director-General of Eurostat and President of the [[National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about/meet-our-acting-director-general |title=Meet our acting director-general |access-date=4 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018191434/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about/meet-our-acting-director-general |archive-date=18 October 2017 |work=[[europa.eu]] |publisher=[[European Commission]] |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/about/meet-our-director-general |title=Meet our Director-General |work=[[europa.eu]] |access-date=19 June 2018 |publisher=[[European Commission]]}}</ref>

==History==
{{Politics of the European Union mini}}
{{Prose|section|date=October 2012}}
* '''1953''': The Statistics Division for the [[European Coal and Steel Community]] established.
* '''1958''': The European Community founded and the forerunner of Eurostat established.
* '''1959''': The present name of Eurostat as the Statistical Office of the European Communities adopted. First publication issued – on agricultural statistics.
* '''1960''': First Community [[Labour Force Survey]].
* '''1970''': The European System of Integrated Economic Accounts ([[European System of Accounts]], ESA) published and the general [[Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community]] (NACE) established.
* '''1974''': First domain in the statistical database Cronos databank installed.
* '''1988''': [[European Commission]] adopts a document defining the first policy for statistical information.
* '''1989''': The Statistical Programme Committee established and the first programme (1989–1992) adopted by the council as an instrument for implementing statistical information policy.
* '''1990''': The Council adopts a directive on transmission of confidential data to Eurostat, previously an obstacle to Community statistical work.
* '''1991''': Eurostat's role extended as a result of the agreement on establishment of the [[European Economic Area]] and adoption of the [[Maastricht Treaty]].
* '''1993''': The single market extends Eurostat's activities e.g. Intrastat established for statistics on intra-EU trade. Eurostat starts issuing regular news releases.
* '''1994''': First European household panel held, analysing income, employment, poverty, [[social exclusion]], households, health, etc.
* '''1997''': Statistics added for the first time to the Treaty of Amsterdam and the Statistical Law approved by the council. Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices [[HICP]] published for the first time – designed for [[Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union]] (EMU) convergence criteria.
* '''1998''': The eleven countries in at the start of EMU (EUR-11) announced, and Eurostat issues the first indicators specific to the EMU area.
* '''1999''': Start of EMU, 1 January 2001.
* '''2001''': In April, Eurostat, in collaboration with five other international organisations (APEC, IAE, OLADE, OPEC, UNSD) launched the Joint Oil Data Exercise, which in 2005 became the [[Joint Organisations Data Initiative]] (JODI).
* '''2002''': Start of the Euro on 1 January, Eurostat supplies key statistics for monetary policy.
* '''2003''': Irregularities were suspected in Eurostat, see [[Eurostat scandal]].
* '''2004''': Start of free-of-charge dissemination of all statistical data except microdata for research purposes.
* '''2005''': Commission Recommendation on the independence, integrity and Accountability of the National and Community Statistical Authorities (European Statistics Code of Practice)
* '''2005''': Start of a three-year peer review exercise across the European Statistical System to monitor compliance with the Code of Practice.
* '''2007''': The currently valid five-year Statistical Programme 2008-2012 was adopted.
* '''2009''': New European Regulation governing statistical cooperation in the European Union was adopted.
* '''2010''': Following strong criticism, from within the EU and otherwise, of how it had handled inaccurate{{vague|reason= my first try at correction went to [[verifiability]], and was even worse than what i had found. But at least rewording is needed, no matter whether it was fraudulent or sloppy. It may require an extensive NPOV passaage on the details of what sounds like a scandal i missed being aware of!|date=July 2017}} data regarding Greece, Eurostat published a report<ref>{{cite journal |url=
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:5ed7b110-2c7d-4ddf-bb89-2e32b2208988.0003.01/DOC_9&format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008043930/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/COM_2010_REPORT_GREEK/EN/COM_2010_REPORT_GREEK-EN.PDF|archive-date=October 8, 2013 |date=8 January 2010 |access-date=4 October 2024 |journal=Eurostat |publisher=[[European Commission]] |title=Report on Greek Government Deficit and Debt Statistics |pages=30}}, {{CELEX|52010DC0001}}</ref> to try to rectify its procedures. The European Commission proposes powers for Eurostat to audit the books of national governments in response to the [[Greek government-debt crisis]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Greece Pressed to Take Action on Economic Woes |first1=Stephen |last1=Castle |first2=Matthew |last2=Saltmarsh |date=15 February 2010 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/16/business/global/16euro.html |quote=... the European Commission proposed powers for Eurostat to audit the books of national governments |access-date=26 June 2019 }}</ref>
* '''2011''': Revision of European Statistics Code of Practice by the European Statistical System Committee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/quality/code_of_practice |title=European Statistics Code of Practice |work=eurostat |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520092533/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/quality/code_of_practice |archive-date=20 May 2011 |access-date=26 June 2019 |date=13 July 2010 |publisher=[[European Commission]] |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Directors General==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Nationality
! Term
|-
| [[Rolf Wagenführ]]
| {{flag|West Germany}}
| 1952–1966
|-
| [[Raymond Dumas]]
| {{flag|France}}
| 1966–1973
|-
| [[Jacques Mayer]]
| {{flag|France}}
| 1973–1977
|-
| [[Aage Dornonville de la Cour]]
| {{flag|Denmark}}
| 1977–1982
|-
| [[Pieter de Geus]]
| {{flag|Netherlands}}
| 1982–1984
|-
| [[Silvio Ronchetti]]
| {{flag|Italy}}
| 1984–1987
|-
| [[Yves Franchet]]
| {{flag|France}}
| 1987–2003
|-
| [[Michel Vanden Abeele]]
| {{flag|Belgium}}
| 2003–2004
|-
| [[Günther Hanreich]]
| {{flag|Austria}}
| 2004–2006
|-
| [[Hervé Carré]]
| {{flag|France}}
| 2006–2008
|-
| [[Walter Radermacher]]
| {{flag|Germany}}
| 2008–2016
|-
| [[Mariana Kotzeva]] (acting 2017–2018)
| {{flag|Bulgaria}}
| 2017–current
|}

==Regulations==
The Regulation (EC) No 223/2009<ref name="32009R0223"/> of 11 March 2009 on European statistics establishes the legal framework for the European statistics.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Eurostat_and_the_European_Statistical_System |title=Eurostat and the European Statistical System - Statistics Explained |date=26 April 2019 |access-date=26 June 2019 |work=Eurostat |issn=2443-8219}}</ref>

The amending Regulation (EU) 2015/759<ref>{{CELEX|32015R0759|text=Regulation (EU) 2015/759 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 amending Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics}}</ref> of 29 April 2015 clarifies that heads of NSIs coordinate national level activities for European statistics and decide on processes, methods, standards and procedures of their respective statistics.<ref name="auto"/>

Previous Eurostat regulations were a Decision on Eurostat (2012/504/EU), and the earlier Decision on Eurostat (97/281/EC).

==Main areas of statistical activities==
[[File:European regions by GDP in percentage of the EU average.png|600px]]

European regions by GDP, expressed as a percentage of the EU average

===Statistical work===
The Eurostat statistical work is structured into Themes and Sub-themes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/data/browse-statistics-by-theme|title=Browse statistics by theme - Eurostat|website=ec.europa.eu|access-date=2019-08-29}}</ref>

;General and regional statistics
* [[List of metropolitan areas in the European Union by GDP|Regions and cities]]
* Land cover/use statistics (LUCAS)
* International cooperation

;[[:Category:Economy of the European Union|Economy and finance]]
* National accounts (including GDP)
* ESA Input-Output tables
* European sector accounts
* Pensions in National Accounts
* Government finance and EDP
* Exchange and interest rates
* Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP)
* Housing price statistics
* Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs)
* Balance of payments
* Economic globalisation

;Population and social conditions
* [[Demographics of the European Union|Population]]: demography, population projections, census, asylum & migration
* [[:Category:Health and the European Union|Health]]
* [[:Category:Education in the European Union|Education and training]]
* [[:Category:Labour in the European Union|Labour market]] (including Labour Force Survey (LFS))
* Income, social inclusion and living conditions
* Social protection
* Household Budget Surveys
* Youth
* [[Cultural policies of the European Union|Culture]]
* Sport
* Crime and criminal justice
* Quality of life indicators
* Equality (age, gender and disability)
* Skills related statistics

;Industry, trade and services
* Structural business statistics
* [[Short-term business statistics]]
* Tourism
* Manufactured goods ([[Prodcom]])

;Agriculture and fisheries
* [[Common Agricultural Policy|Agriculture]]
* Forestry
* [[Common Fisheries Policy|Fisheries]]

;International trade
* International trade in goods ([[Comext]])
* International trade in services

;Transport

;Environment and energy
* Environment
* Energy
* Climate change

;Science, technology, digital society
* Science, technology and innovation
* Digital economy and society

===General statistical activities===
General statistical activities related to the European Statistical system are:
* Coordination and governance of the European Statistical System
* Statistical methodological coordination and research
* Statistical quality and reporting

===Geographical scope===
;EU data
Currently, and since [[Brexit]] on February the first 2020, Eurostat data are aggregated at the EU-27 level, known as EU-27.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database|title = Database - Eurostat}}</ref><ref name="ec.europa.eu">{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/help/faq/brexit|title=Brexit - Eurostat}}</ref>
Before Brexit Eurostat data was aggregated at the EU-28 level, known as EU-28.

Since Brexit occurred on February the first 2020, data has to be computed for the EU-27 because by definition Brexit makes the UK a third country to the EU.

Nonetheless, to avoid confusion with the previous EU-27 group of 27 member states — which was used in the series of statistical data before the accession of member state number 28 —  another name for the current EU 27 without the UK is defined as EU27_2019 in February 2019 and EU27_2020 since March 2020 according to Eurostat.<ref name="ec.europa.eu"/><ref>{{cite book |url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/8012444/KS-GQ-17-006-EN-N.pdf/a3f1004f-cfae-4cc4-87da-81d588d67ae2 |title=Methodological manual on city statistics |year=2017 |publisher=Eurostat |isbn=978-92-79-67746-5 |issn=2315-0815 |doi=10.2785/708009 |pages=53|author1=European Commission. Statistical Office of the European Union }}</ref>

The name changed from EU27_2019 to EU27_2020 due to a British constitutional delay which resulted in Brexit being delivered in 2020 rather than the initially planned 2019.

The concept of the EU 28 has been used since 1 January 2014, also according to the Eurostat methodological manual on city statistics, 2017 edition.

Local data are also computed at the [[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] level.

; Statistical cooperation in and around Europe
Eurostat is also engaged in cooperation with third countries through the European Statistical System, Enlargement Policy, and European Neighbourhood Policy.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/WDN-20180924-1 |title=Statistical cooperation in and around Europe |date=24 September 2018 |access-date=26 June 2019 |work=Eurostat |publisher=[[European Commission]]}}</ref>

In 2021, European Statistical System includes 4 [[EFTA]] countries, that is 3 [[European Economic Area|EEA]] countries and Switzerland.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/fr/web/products-eurostat-news/-/wdn-20210504-1?redirect=%2Feurostat%2Ffr%2Fnews%2Fwhats-new|title = Statistical cooperation in and around Europe}}</ref>

[[EU Enlargement Policy]]  includes "candidate countries" in the process of joining the EU and other potential candidates.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

In 2021, [[European Neighbourhood Policy]] covers 16 countries such as 6 ENP-East countries — Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine — and 10 ENP-South countries — Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Syria and Tunisia.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

The [[EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement|trade and cooperation agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom]]  — since  1 January 2021 — includes a provision on statistical cooperation that foresees the establishment of a specific future arrangement.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

==Access to Eurostat statistics==
The most important statistics are made available via press releases. They are placed on the Eurostat website at 11:00 in the morning. This is also the time that the press release content may be distributed to the public by press agencies.

Eurostat disseminates its statistics free of charge via its Internet and its [[Statistical database|statistical databases]] that are accessible via the Internet. The statistics are hierarchically ordered in a navigation tree. Tables are distinguished from multi-dimensional datasets from which the statistics are extracted via an interactive tool.

In addition various printed publications are available either in electronic form free on the internet or in printed form via the EU Bookshop. Only larger publications are charged for as printed copies.

Since September 2009 Eurostat has pioneered a fully electronical way of publishing, Statistics Explained,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained |title=Statistics Explained |work=Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu |date=11 April 2017 |access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref> like Wikipedia based on Mediawiki open source software and with a largely similar structure and navigation. Statistics Explained is not only a dissemination format, however, but also a wiki working platform for producing flagship publications like the Eurostat Yearbook.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/product_details/publication?p_product_code=KS-CD-10-220 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812075414/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/product_details/publication?p_product_code=KS-CD-10-220 |archive-date=August 12, 2011 |access-date=26 June 2019 |title=Europe in figures - Eurostat yearbook 2010 |date=11 August 2011 |work=Eurostat}}</ref>

==Statistical data for research purposes==
Microdata, which in principle allows the identification of the statistical unit (e.g., a person in the labour force survey or a company for innovation statistics), is treated as strictly confidential. Under tight security procedures various anonymised datasets are provided to research institutions for validated research projects.

==Location==
Eurostat has been based in the [[Kirchberg District Centre|Joseph Bech building]], in the northeast of the [[Kirchberg, Luxembourg|Kirchberg]] quarter of [[Luxembourg City]], since the building was opened in 1998.<ref name="Ares(2018)6565888">{{cite report |date=19 December 2018 |title=Management Plan 2019 |url= https://ec.europa.eu/oil/doc/oil_mp_2019.pdf |publisher=Office for Infrastructure and Logistics in Luxembourg, European Commission |docket=Ares(2018)6565888 |access-date=28 January 2020 }}</ref> The Directorate-General will relocate to the [[Jean Monnet 2 building]], in the Kirchberg's European district, following the completion of the first phase of the building, expected in February 2023.<ref name="Ares(2018)6565888" />

==See also==
*[[European Commissioner for Economy]]
*[[EU Open Data Portal]]
*[[Eurobarometer]]
*[[European Forum for GeoStatistics]]
*[[Larger urban zone]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Eurostat}}
*{{Official website|http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat }}
*[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Main_Page Eurostat Statistics explained] - a wiki-based encyclopaedia / glossary / portal for EU statistics
*[http://open-data.europa.eu/ EU Open Data Portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204153016/http://open-data.europa.eu/ |date=2013-12-04 }}
*[http://ec.europa.eu/health-eu/ Health-EU Portal] - The official public health portal of the European Union
*[https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/68812-eurostat-data-downloading-facility Matlab Eurostat data downloading facility] - An automated data importing tool from Eurostat to [[MATLAB|Matlab]]

{{coord|49.633320|N|6.169780|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:General Services in the European Commission]]
[[Category:European Union organisations based in Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Statistical organizations]]