View source for Euzko Gudarostea

{{Short description|Military of the Basque Government during the Spanish Civil War (1936-39)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Expand Basque|Eusko Gudarostea|date=June 2022}}
{{Expand Catalan|topic=mil|Eusko Gudarostea|date=June 2022}}
{{Expand Spanish|topic=mil|Euzko Gudarostea|date=June 2022}}
}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name                     = Basque Army
| native_name                   = Euzko Gudarostea
| image                         = Amaiur bataloia. 1937. Euzko Gudarostea. Euskal Herria..jpg
| image_size                    = 
| alt                           = 
| caption                       = Amaiur Battalion of the Euzko Gudarostea during the Spanish Civil War. Biscay, 1937.
| dates                         = 17 July 1936 – 26 August 1937
| disbanded                     = 
| country                       = {{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1931–1939).svg}} [[Second Spanish Republic|Spain]]
| countries                     = 
| allegiance                    = [[Basque Government]]
| branch                        = 
| type                          = [[Infantry]]
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| size                          = [[Corps]]
| command_structure             = 
| garrison                      = [[Bilbao]]
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| battles                       = '''[[Spanish Civil War]]:'''<br/> [[Villarreal Offensive]],<br/> [[Biscay Campaign]]
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| website                       = <!-- Commanders -->
| current_commander             = 
| commander1                    = [[Alberto de Montaud Noguerol]]
| commander1_label              = [[Chief of Staff]]
| commander2                    = [[Justo Somonte Iturrioz]]
| commander2_label              = [[Political commissar]]
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| notable_commanders            = [[Kandido Saseta Etxeberria|Kandido Saseta]] {{KIA}}<br> [[José Antonio Aguirre (politician)|Jose Antonio Agirre]]
}}

{{lang|eu|'''Euzko Gudarostea'''}} (spelled in modern {{langx|eu|'''Eusko Gudarostea'''|lit=Basque army}}) was the name of the army commanded by the [[Basque Government]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]]. It was formed by [[Basque nationalism|Basque nationalists]], socialists, communists, anarchists and republicans under the direction of ''[[list of Lehendakaris|lehendakari]]'' [[José Antonio Aguirre (politician)|José Antonio Aguirre]] and coordinating with the [[Spanish Republican Army|army]] of the [[Second Spanish Republic]]. It fought the forces of [[Francisco Franco]] during 1936 and 1937.
It surrendered to the Italian [[Corpo Truppe Volontarie]] at [[Santoña]] ([[Cantabria|province of Cantabria]]), while the rest of the Republican army kept fighting until 1939. This event is called the [[Santoña Agreement|Santoña Agreement, Pact of Santoña, or Treason of Santoña]] by some Spanish leftists.

==Gudari==
The [[Basques|Basque]] word for a soldier, ''gudari'' (plural ''gudariak''), is a neologism (from ''guda'', "war", thus meaning "warrior" literally). The Standard Basque word is the Romance-derived ''soldadu''.<ref name="Hiztegia 3000">[http://www1.euskadi.net/hizt_3000/ Hiztegia 3000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810225943/http://www1.euskadi.net/hizt_3000/ |date=2011-08-10 }}.</ref>
Like other [[Basque nationalist]] neologisms (''[[ikurriña]]'', ''[[lendakari]]''<!-- sic! Those are the spellings of that time. -->), the meaning of ''gudari'' has been restricted to Basque concepts.
The Basque word for an army is the Romance-derived ''armada''.

[[File:Gudari eguna07.JPG|thumb|PNV members celebrate the ''Gudari Eguna''.]]
[[File:ArmaTiroPumEtaMilikiliklik26 8.jpg|thumb|Members of ETA shoot salvoes in the ''Gudari Eguna''.]]
The members of the Basque militant [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]] consider themselves ''gudariak'' continuing the struggle of the Civil War Basque soldiers.
This is contested by those war veterans that support the [[Basque Nationalist Party]] (PNV), [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] or [[Communist Party of Spain (main)|Communist Party]].

The ''Gudari Eguna'' ("warrior day") is thus celebrated separately:

*by ETA supporters on 27 September, remembering the date (1975) of the [[firing squad|execution]] of [[Jon Paredes]] (a.k.a. [[Txiki]]) in [[Cerdanyola del Vallès]], Barcelona, and [[Ángel Otaegui]] in [[Burgos]].<ref>[[Gara (newspaper)|Gara]]: [http://gara.net/geltokia/2005-09-25/art131531.php 27-IX-75: El día en que Franco gastó sus últimas balas] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051226174031/http://gara.net/geltokia/2005-09-25/art131531.php |date=2005-12-26 }}.</ref>
*by PNV supporters on 9 November since 1937.<ref>PNV press release: [http://www.noticias.info/Archivo/2003/200311/20031109/20031109_13343.shtm Arzalluz acudirá el domingo al Gudari Eguna en Bilbao (2003/11/09)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807104914/http://www.noticias.info/Archivo/2003/200311/20031109/20031109_13343.shtm |date=2011-08-07 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Basque Auxiliary Navy]]
* [[Ertzaintza]],<ref>[http://museopoliciavasca.euskadi.net/ingles/Coleccion/Ertzaina36/body_ertzaina36.html Ertzaina 1936] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003145519/http://museopoliciavasca.euskadi.net/ingles/Coleccion/Ertzaina36/body_ertzaina36.html |date=2009-10-03 }}, Museo Policia Vasca</ref> the wartime police under the Basque government.
* [[Eusko Gudariak]], the anthem of the Basque soldiers.
* [[Lepoan hartu]], a song by [[Telesforo de Monzón]] about taking the corpse of a fellow soldier and going on.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{in lang|es}} ''[https://www.deia.eus/2019/09/01/sociedad/historias-de-los-vascos/los-ultimos-soldados-vivos-del-lehendakari-aguirre Los últimos soldados vivos del lehendakari Aguirre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901173358/https://www.deia.eus/2019/09/01/sociedad/historias-de-los-vascos/los-ultimos-soldados-vivos-del-lehendakari-aguirre |date=2019-09-01 }}'', Iban Gorriti, 1 September 2019, [[Deia (newspaper)|Deia]].

{{Armies of the Spanish Republic|state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1936 establishments in the Basque Country (autonomous community)]]
[[Category:Military units and formations of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)]]
[[Category:Military history of the Basque Country (autonomous community)]]
[[Category:Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic]]
[[Category:Armies of Spain]]
[[Category:1937 disestablishments in the Basque Country (autonomous community)]]


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