View source for Expedition 1

{{Short description|2000s expedition to the ISS}}
{{for|the album|Expedition One (album){{!}}''Expedition One'' (album)}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name               = Expedition 1
| image              = S97e5009.jpg
| image_caption      = The ISS during Expedition 1, seen during the approach of [[STS-97]], the first Shuttle mission to visit the inhabited space station
| mission_type       = [[List of International Space Station expeditions|Long-duration expedition]]
| mission_duration   = {{Time interval|2 November 2000, 10:23|19 March 2001, 00:30|show=dhm|sep=,}}
| space_station      = [[International Space Station]]
| start_date         = {{Start date text|2 November 2000, 10:23|timezone=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[UTC]]<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=NASA – International Space Station Status Report #00-48 |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/station/2000/iss00-48.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601161305/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/station/2000/iss00-48.html |archive-date=1 June 2017 |access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
| end_date           = {{End date text|19 March 2001, 00:30|timezone=yes}}{{nbsp}}UTC<ref name="STS-102 Status Report 23">{{Cite web |title=STS-102 Mission Control Center Status Report #23 |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/shuttle/sts-102/STS-102-23.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601161313/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/shuttle/sts-102/STS-102-23.html |archive-date=1 June 2017 |access-date=3 May 2022 |website=[[NASA]]}}</ref>
| arrival_craft      = [[Soyuz TM-31]]<ref name="Soyuz TM-31 Launch">{{cite news |last1=Siceloff |first1=Steven |title=Station crew prepares to dock |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/florida-today-station-crew-prepares-to-d/158349922/ |access-date=3 November 2024 |work=[[Florida Today]] |publisher=[[Gannett]] |date=1 November 2000 |location=[[Cocoa, Florida]] |pages=1A, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/florida-today-stations-first-resident-c/158349942/ 5A] | via = [[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
| departure_craft    = [[STS-102]]<ref name="NASA-STS102a">{{Cite web |title=NASA STS-102 Mission summary |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-102/mission-sts-102.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610154547/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-102/mission-sts-102.html |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=11 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
| crew_size          = 3
| crew_members       = {{Unbulleted list
   | [[William Shepherd]]
   | [[Yuri Gidzenko]]
   | [[Sergei Krikalev]]
   }}
| insignia           = Expedition 1 insignia.svg
| insignia_caption   = Mission patch
| crew_photo         = ISS-Expedition 1-crew.jpg
| crew_photo_caption = From left: [[Sergei K. Krikalev|Krikalev]], [[William Shepherd|Shepherd]] and [[Yuri Gidzenko|Gidzenko]]
| programme          = [[List of International Space Station expeditions|ISS expeditions]]
| next_mission       = [[Expedition 2]]
}}

'''Expedition 1''' was the first [[List of International Space Station expeditions|long-duration expedition]] to the [[International Space Station]] (ISS). The three-person crew stayed aboard the station for 136 days, from 2&nbsp;November 2000 to 19&nbsp;March 2001. It was the beginning of an uninterrupted human presence on the station which continues as of {{CURRENTYEAR}}. 

The official start of the expedition occurred when the crew docked to the station on 2 November 2000, aboard the Russian spacecraft [[Soyuz TM-31]], which had launched on 31 October 2000 at the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] in Kazakhstan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 October 2000 |title=First crew starts living and working on the International Space Station |url=https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/International_Space_Station/First_crew_starts_living_and_working_on_the_International_Space_Station |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217064333/http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/International_Space_Station/First_crew_starts_living_and_working_on_the_International_Space_Station |archive-date=17 December 2018 |access-date=24 January 2021 |work=European Space Agency}}</ref><ref name="SPACE-Nov2">{{Cite news |last=Halvorson |first=Todd  |title=Space Station Is Opened For Business As Expedition One Crew Floats Aboard |url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/exp1_am_001102.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091219065401/http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/exp1_am_001102.html |archive-date=19 December 2009 |access-date=7 August 2010 |work=Space.com}}</ref> During their mission, the Expedition 1 crew activated various systems on board the station, unpacked equipment that had been delivered, and hosted three visiting Space Shuttle crews and two uncrewed Russian [[Progress (spacecraft)|Progress resupply vehicles]]. The crew was very busy throughout the mission,<ref name="SPACE-Jan24">{{Cite news |last=Halvorson |first=Todd  |date=24 January 2001 |title=ISS Crew Works Feverishly; Shepherd OK with Tourist Tito |url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/chaikin_transcript_010124.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090524192850/https://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/chaikin_transcript_010124.html |archive-date=24 May 2009 |access-date=8 August 2010 |work=Space.com}}</ref> which was declared a success.

The three visiting Space Shuttles brought equipment, supplies, and key components of the space station. The first of these, [[STS-97]], docked in early December 2000, and brought the first pair of large [[Integrated Truss Structure#Solar arrays|U.S. photovoltaic arrays]], which increased the station's power capabilities fivefold.<ref name="HSF-STS97">{{Cite web |title=STS-97 Delivers Giant Solar Arrays to International Space Station |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/archives/sts-97/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528053358/http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/archives/sts-97/ |archive-date=28 May 2010 |access-date=7 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> The second visiting shuttle mission was [[STS-98]], which was docked in mid-February 2001 and delivered the US$1.4&nbsp;billion research module [[Destiny (ISS module)|''Destiny'']], which increased the mass of the station beyond that of ''[[Mir]]'' for the first time.<ref name="HSF-STS98">{{Cite web |title=STS-98 Delivers Destiny Lab to International Space Station |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/archives/sts-98/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527234450/http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/archives/sts-98/ |archive-date=27 May 2010 |access-date=7 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> Mid-March 2001 saw the final shuttle visit of the expedition, [[STS-102]], whose main purpose was to exchange the Expedition 1 crew with the next three-person long-duration crew, [[Expedition 2]].<ref name="HSF-STS102">{{Cite web |title=STS-102 Swaps International Space Station Crews |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/archives/sts-102/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528055003/http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/archives/sts-102/ |archive-date=28 May 2010 |access-date=7 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> The expedition ended when [[Space Shuttle Discovery|''Discovery'']] undocked from the station on 18 March 2001.

The Expedition 1 crew consisted of an American commander and two Russians. The commander, [[William Shepherd|Bill Shepherd]], had been in space three times before, all on shuttle missions which lasted at most a week. The Russians, [[Yuri Gidzenko]] and [[Sergei K. Krikalev]], both had previous long-duration spaceflights on ''Mir'', with Krikalev having spent over a year in space.<ref name="NASAyuri">{{Cite web |title=Cosmonaut Bio: Gidzenko |url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/gidzenko.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527212404/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/gidzenko.html |archive-date=27 May 2010 |access-date=7 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref><ref name="NASAsergei">{{Cite web |title=Cosmonaut Bio: Sergei Krikalev |url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/krikalev.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031135208/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/krikalev.html |archive-date=31 October 2007 |access-date=7 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref><ref name="TIME-Nov2">{{Cite magazine |last=Brad Liston |date=2 November 2000 |title=Upward Bound: Tales of Space Station Alpha |url=http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,59500,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122064132/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,59500,00.html |archive-date=22 November 2010 |access-date=5 August 2010 |magazine=TIME}}</ref>

== Crew ==
[[File:Expedition 1 crew poster.jpg|thumb|Expedition 1 promotional poster]]
The commander, [[William Shepherd|Bill Shepherd]], was a former [[United States Navy SEALs|Navy SEAL]], whose only [[spaceflight]]s were on shuttle missions, and at the beginning of the mission his total time in space was about two weeks.<ref name="NASA-Shep">{{Cite web |date=June 2001 |title=Astronaut Bio – W.M. Shepherd |url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/shepherd.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923132717/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/home/index.html/ |archive-date=23 September 2020 |access-date=7 August 2001 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> Questions had been raised by the Russian space agency about the choice of Shepherd as mission commander due to his lack of experience.<ref name="TIME-Nov2" /> Flight engineer [[Sergei Krikalev]] had spent over a year in orbit, mostly on ''Mir'', and would become the first person to visit the ISS twice.<ref name="ISS-49">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2000 |title=ISS Status Report 00-49 |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/reports/issreports/2000/iss00-49.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727151833/http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/reports/issreports/2000/iss00-49.html |archive-date=27 July 2011 |access-date=29 October 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> He had felt excitement to have been one of the first people to enter the [[Zarya (ISS module)|Zarya]] module (the first component of the space station) in 1998, during [[STS-88]], and was looking forward to returning.<ref name="Sergei-Int" /> [[Yuri Gidzenko]] was designated commander and pilot of the two-day Soyuz mission to the station, had one previous spaceflight, which was a 180-day stay aboard ''[[Mir]]''.<ref name="NASAyuri" />

Shepherd was only the second U.S. astronaut to be launched in a Russian spacecraft, the first being [[Norman Thagard]], who launched on [[Soyuz TM-21]] to visit ''Mir'' in 1995.<ref name="NASApresskit" /> Shepherd expected one of the biggest challenges for the ISS would be the compatibility of technologies between Russian and U.S.<ref name="Shep-Inv">{{Cite web |title=Preflight Interview: Bill Shepherd |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/intshepherd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616044551/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/intshepherd.html |archive-date=16 June 2010 |access-date=22 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref>

{{Spaceflight crew
| crew           = prime
| position1      = Commander
| crew1_up       = {{Flagicon|USA}} [[William Shepherd]]
| agency1_up     = [[NASA]]
| flights1_up    = Fourth and last

| position2      = Flight Engineer
| crew2_up       = {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Yuri Gidzenko]]
| agency2_up     = [[Russian Federal Space Agency|RSA]]
| flights2_up    = Second

| position3      = Flight Engineer
| crew3_up       = {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Sergei Krikalev]]
| agency3_up     = [[Russian Federal Space Agency|RSA]]
| flights3_up    = Fifth
}}
{{Spaceflight crew
| crew            = backup
| position1       = Commander
| crew1_up        = {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Kenneth Bowersox]]
| agency1_up      = [[NASA]]

| position2       = Flight Engineer
| crew2_up        = {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladimir Dezhurov]]
| agency2_up      = [[Russian Federal Space Agency|RSA]]

| position3       = Flight Engineer
| crew3_up        = {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Mikhail Tyurin]]
| agency3_up      = [[Russian Federal Space Agency|RSA]]
}}

== Background ==
The first component of the International Space Station was the [[Zarya (ISS module)|''Zarya'']] module, which was launched uncrewed on 20 November 1998.<ref name="NASAzarya">{{Cite web |title=Zarya module |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/fgb.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124235540/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/fgb.html |archive-date=24 January 2018 |access-date=8 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> Between this launch and the arrival of the first crew, [[List of human spaceflights to the ISS|five crewed Space Shuttle missions from the U.S.]] and [[Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station|two uncrewed Russian flights]] expanded the station and prepared it for human habitation.

Four of the five Shuttle flights focused primarily on delivering and unpacking substantial cargo for future crews. [[STS-88]] launched on 4 December 1998, delivered the [[Unity (ISS module)|''Unity'']] module, the first component of the [[US Orbital Segment]] (USOS) during the mission, the crew spent several hours unpacking and setting up both ''Unity'' and ''Zarya''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 1998 |title=STS-88 Press Kit |url=https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/sts-088-press-kit.pdf |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=[[NASA]]}}</ref> Krikalev, who would be a Flight Engineer on Expedition 1 flew on STS-88 and together with Shuttle Commander [[Robert D. Cabana]] became the first two people to jointly enter ''Unity'' and later ''Zarya''.

[[STS-96]], in May 1999, delivered {{Convert|3,567|lb|order=flip}} of pressurized cargo, {{Convert|84|U.S.gal|L|order=flip}} of water, and {{Convert|662|lb|order=flip}} of unpressurized cargo that was attached during a nearly eight hour [[Extravehicular activity|EVA]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 1999 |title=STS-96 Press Kit |url=https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/sts-096-press-kit.pdf |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Space Shuttle ''[[Space Shuttle Atlantis| Atlantis]]'' visited the station during the  [[STS-101]] mission in May 2000. It delivered another {{Convert|3300|lb|order=flip}} of pressurized cargo, and performed station maintenance.<ref name="STS-101 Returns">{{cite news |last1=Cabbage |first1=Michael |title=Atlantis returns without a hitch |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-orlando-sentinel-atlantis-returns-wi/158349238/ |access-date=3 November 2024 |work=[[The Orlando Sentinel]] |publisher=[[Tribune Publishing Company]] |date=30 May 2000 |location=[[Orlando, Florida]] |page=A3 | via = Newspapers.com | issn = 0744-6055}}</ref> Near the end of the mission, they used ''Atlantis'''s thrusters to boost the ISS by {{Convert|26|mi|order=flip}} into a {{Convert|236|mi|order=flip}} orbit.<ref name="STS-101 Launch">{{cite news |last1=Dunn |first1=Marcia |title=Mission is underway |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-york-dispatch-mission-underway-to-fi/158348407/ |access-date=3 November 2024 |work=[[The York Dispatch]] |agency=[[The Associated Press]] |date=19 May 2000 |location=[[York, Pennsylvania ]] | page = A3| via =  Newspapers.com | oclc = 11148520}}</ref> Three of STS-101’s crew members — [[Yury V. Usachev]], [[James S. Voss]] and [[Susan J. Helms]] — would visit the station the following year as the crew of [[Expedition 2]].<ref name="STS-102 Lands">{{cite news |last1=Siceloff |first1=Steven |title=Alpha's 1st crew returns |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/florida-today-alphas-1st-crew-returns/158349088/ |access-date=3 November 2024 |work=[[Florida Today]] |publisher= Gannett |date=22 March 2001 |location= Cocoa, Florida |page=1 |via =  Newspapers.com| issn = 1051-8304}}</ref>

The [[Zvezda (ISS module)|''Zvezda'']] module, the crew's living quarters, launched on 12 July 2000 and autonomously docked on the 26th. It was followed by the unmanned [[Progress M1-3]] cargo spacecraft which docked on 8 August. [[STS-106]], in September 2000, connected ''Zvezda'' to ''Zarya'', delivered {{Convert|6000|lb|order=flip}} of cargo including {{Convert|300|lb|order=flip}} of water, a vacuum cleaner, office supplies, and all of the food for the Expedition 1 crew. In total, the crew spent nearly five and a half days inside the station unloading both the Shuttle and the Progress and setting everything up for the Expedition 1 crew.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2000 |title=STS-106 Press Kit |url=https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/sts-106-press-kit.pdf |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref>

While not necessary to the mission of Expedition 1, the Space Shuttle did conduct one additional flight before the crew's arrival, [[STS-92]] in October 2000, which delivered and installed the first piece of the [[Integrated Truss Structure]] along with an additional [[Pressurized Mating Adapter]]. This mission would enable future expansion of the USOS.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2000 |title=STS-92 Press Kit |url=https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/sts-092-press-kit.pdf |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=[[NASA]]}}</ref>

Prior to Expedition 1, Krikalev expected the ISS to be very similar to his experience on ''Mir'' ten years previous, due to the physical similarities of the stations' components.<ref name="Sergei-Int">{{Cite web |title=Preflight interview: Sergei Kirkalev |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/intkrikalev.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911055802/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/intkrikalev.html |archive-date=11 September 2010 |access-date=22 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref>

The launch of the Expedition 1 crew occurred a week before the [[2000 United States presidential election|United States presidential election]], so it got little attention in the United States.<ref name="NYT-Nov1">{{Cite web |date=1 November 2000 |title=Opening the Space Station |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/01/opinion/opening-the-space-station.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325113913/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/01/opinion/opening-the-space-station.html |archive-date=25 March 2014 |access-date=5 August 2010 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> At the time of the mission, the station was expected to be completed in 2006, and be continuously inhabited until at least 2015.<ref name="NYT-STS97" /> Due to several delays, including the fallout from the [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster]], the station was not completed until 2021, with the arrival of the [[Nauka (ISS module)|''Nauka'' laboratory]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nauka module at the ISS! |url=http://en.roscosmos.ru/22248/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730002100/http://en.roscosmos.ru/22248/ |archive-date=30 July 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=en.roscosmos.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Module Successfully Docks to Space Station |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2021/07/29/new-module-successfully-docks-to-space-station/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730051404/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2021/07/29/new-module-successfully-docks-to-space-station/ |archive-date=30 July 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=blogs.nasa.gov|date=29 July 2021 }} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

== Mission highlights ==
The crew of three were on board the International Space Station for four and a half months, from early November 2000 to mid-March 2001. Major events during this time include the three-week-long [[Space Shuttle program|Space Shuttle]] visits, which occurred in early December, mid-February, and at the end of the expedition in March.

=== Launch and docking ===
[[File:Soyuz tm-31 transported to launch pad.jpg|thumb|Expedition 1's [[Soyuz-U]] launch vehicle being transported to [[Gagarin's Start|its launch pad]] on 29 October 2000]]
The three-member Expedition 1 crew successfully launched on 31 October 2000, at 07:52 [[Universal Coordinated Time|UTC]], atop a [[Soyuz-U]] rocket on [[Soyuz TM-31]] from the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] in [[Kazakhstan]]; they used launch pad [[Gagarin's Start]], from which the first human to fly in space, [[Yuri Gagarin]], was launched in 1961.<ref name="CTV-Oct30">{{Cite web |date=30 October 2000 |title=Space station launch follows Russian tradition |url=http://www.ctvbc.ctv.ca/servlet/an/plocal/CTVNews/20001030/ctvnews77753/20001030/?hub=EdmontonHome |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307135524/http://www.ctvbc.ctv.ca/servlet/an/plocal/CTVNews/20001030/ctvnews77753/20001030/?hub=EdmontonHome |archive-date=7 March 2012 |access-date=5 August 2010 |publisher=CTV Edmonton}}</ref><ref name="ABC-Nov6">{{Cite web |date=6 November 2000 |title=Let the new space era begin |url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2000/11/06/207767.htm?site=science_dev&topic=latest |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917103602/http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2000/11/06/207767.htm?site=science_dev&topic=latest |archive-date=17 September 2011 |access-date=5 August 2010 |publisher=[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]}}</ref><ref name="NASApresskit" /> After 33 orbits of the Earth, and a series of rendezvous maneuvers performed by Gidzenko, they docked the Soyuz capsule to the aft port of the [[Zvezda (ISS module)|Zvezda Service Module]] on 2 November 2000, at 09:21 UTC.<ref name=time20001102>{{Cite magazine |last=Liston |first=Brad |date=2 November 2000 |title=Upward Bound: Tales of Space Station Alpha |url=https://time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,59500,00<!-- the original URL was missing from the article when viewed on 4 Mar 2021; I inferred this URL from the web.archive link. It is a dead link. --> |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402005352/https://time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,59500,00.html |archive-date=2 April 2008 |access-date=2 April 2008 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> Ninety minutes after docking, Shepherd opened the hatch to Zvezda and the crew members entered the complex.

=== Alpha ===
At the end of the first day on the station, Shepherd requested the use of the radio call sign "''Alpha''", which he and Krikalev preferred to the more cumbersome "''International Space Station''".<ref name="TIME-Nov2" /> The name "''Alpha''" had previously been used for the station in the early 1990s,<ref name="GAO">{{Cite web |date=21 June 1994 |title=Space Station – Impact on the expanded Russian role of funding and research |url=http://archive.gao.gov/t2pbat3/151975.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721083656/http://archive.gao.gov/t2pbat3/151975.pdf |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=9 August 2010 |publisher=[[Government Accountability Office|United States General Accounting Office]]}}</ref> and following the request, its use was authorized for the whole of Expedition 1.<ref name="SPACE-Nov3">{{Cite news |last=Alan Ladwig |date=3 November 2000 |title=Call Bill Shepherd the Alpha Male of the International Space Station |url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/alpha_male_001103.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523002236/http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/alpha_male_001103.html |archive-date=23 May 2009 |access-date=9 August 2010 |work=Space.com}}</ref> Shepherd had been advocating the use of a new name to project managers for some time. Referencing a [[Ship naming and launching|naval tradition]] in a pre-launch news conference he had said: "For thousands of years, humans have been going to sea in ships. People have designed and built these vessels, launched them with a good feeling that a name will bring good fortune to the crew and success to their voyage."<ref name="SPACE-Nov2-b">{{Cite news |last=Halvorson |first=Todd  |date=2 November 2000 |title=Expedition One Crew Wins Bid To Name Space Station Alpha |url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/exp1_alpha_001102.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523002234/http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/exp1_alpha_001102.html |archive-date=23 May 2009 |access-date=9 August 2010 |work=Space.com}}</ref> {{ill|Yuriy Semenov|ru|Семёнов, Юрий Павлович}}, the President of [[S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia|Russian Space Corporation Energia]] at the time, disapproved of the name "''Alpha''"; he felt that ''Mir'' was the first space station, and so he would have preferred the names "''Beta''" or "''Mir 2''" for the ISS.<ref name="SPACE-Nov3" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 September 2001 |title=Interview with RSC Energia's Yuri Semenov |url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=5913 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305161905/https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=009217316079420695036:u6mkq7brjyy |archive-date=5 March 2021 |access-date=22 August 2010 |work=Space.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2001 |title=Interview with Yuri Semenov, general designer of Space Rocket corporation Energy |url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2001/03/29/100146.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318121311/http://english.ruvr.ru/2001/03/29/100146.html |archive-date=18 March 2012 |access-date=5 October 2010 |publisher=[[Voice of Russia]]}}</ref>

=== First month ===
[[File:Unity-Zarya-Zvezda STS-106.jpg|thumb|The configuration of the ISS at the start of Expedition 1. From top to bottom, the three modules are: [[Unity (ISS module)|''Unity'']], ''[[Zarya (ISS module)|Zarya]]'' and [[Zvezda (ISS module)|''Zvezda'']].]]
In their first weeks on board, the Expedition 1 crew members activated critical life support systems and computer control, as well as unpacked supplies left behind for them by previous supply missions. At this time the station did not have enough electricity to heat all three pressurized modules, so [[Unity (ISS module)|''Unity'']] was left unused and unheated.<ref name="SPACE-Jan7">{{Cite news |last=Steven Siceloff |date=7 January 2001 |title=Space Station Crew Ready for 'Three-Month-Wall' |url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/fl_iss_010107.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090524192849/https://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/fl_iss_010107.html |archive-date=24 May 2009 |access-date=6 August 2010 |work=Space.com}}</ref> ''Unity'' had been used for the past two years to allow U.S. flight controllers to command ISS systems and read station system data.

The Russian uncrewed resupply spacecraft [[Progress M1-4]] docked to the station on 18 November. The [[Progress (spacecraft)|Progress]] spacecraft's automatic docking system failed, necessitating a manual docking controlled by Gidzenko using the [[TORU]] docking system.<ref name="SPACE-Nov18">{{Cite news |last=Halvorson |first=Todd  |date=18 November 2000 |title=Progress Cargo Ship Docks with ISS |url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/exp1_progressdocking_001118.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523002229/http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/exp1_progressdocking_001118.html |archive-date=23 May 2009 |access-date=9 August 2010 |work=Space.com}}</ref> Although manual dockings are routine, they have caused some concern among flight controllers since an attempt in 1997 which resulted in the spacecraft colliding with ''Mir'', causing significant damage.<ref name="Spaceflightnow-Dec21">{{Cite web |last=Harwood |first=William |date=21 December 2000 |title=Redocking of station cargo ship will be tricky affair |url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/station/stage5a/001221update/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516194552/http://www.spaceflightnow.com/station/stage5a/001221update/ |archive-date=16 May 2008 |access-date=18 August 2010 |publisher=Spaceflightnow.com}}</ref>

The astronauts had a heavy workload in the first month, as Shepherd told reporters in a space-to-ground interview: "To me, the biggest challenge is trying to pack 30 hours into an 18-hour work day."<ref name="SPACE-Nov29">{{Cite news |last=Halvorson |first=Todd  |date=29 November 2000 |title=Expedition 1 Crew Prepares For House Guest |url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/ex1_update_001128.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523002243/http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/ex1_update_001128.html |archive-date=23 May 2009 |access-date=9 August 2010 |work=Space.com}}</ref> Some of the early tasks took longer than scheduled. For example, the activation of a food warmer in Zvezda's galley was scheduled for 30 minutes, but it took the astronauts a day and a half to turn it on.<ref name="SPACE-NOV3" />

=== STS-97 ===
[[File:STS-97 ISS.jpg|thumb|The ISS, taken from ''Endeavour'' on 9 December 2000 shortly after undocking. The new [[ISS Solar Arrays|solar arrays]] are visible at the top.]]
{{Main|STS-97}}
[[Space Shuttle Endeavour|''Endeavour'']] docked with the ISS on 2 December 2000, on mission [[STS-97]], bringing four more Americans and a Canadian temporarily to the station.<ref name="Garneau lifts off on STS-97">{{cite news |author1=CP Staff |title=Garneau wings way to space |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-toronto-star-garneau-wings-way-to-sp/158350474/ |access-date=3 November 2024 |work=[[Toronto Star]] | publisher = [[Torstar]] | location = [[Toronto]]| agency = [[The Canadian Press]]|date=2 December 2000 |page=A18 | via = Newspapers.com | issn = 0319-0781}}</ref> The shuttle also brought the first pair of U.S. provided [[Integrated Truss Structure#Solar arrays|photovoltaic arrays]], which would provide [[Electrical system of the International Space Station|crucial electricity]] for further development of the station.<ref name="Second Solar Attached">{{cite news |last1=Dunn | first1 = Marcia |title= Second solar wing deployed cautiously |url=  https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-toronto-star-second-solar-wing-deplo/158350729/ |access-date=3 November 2024 |work= Toronto Star | publisher = Torstar | location = Toronto| agency = [[The Associated Press]]|date=5 December 2000 |page=A15 | via = Newspapers.com | issn = 0319-0781}}</ref> In total, STS-97 brought 17&nbsp;tons of equipment to the ISS, which also included expandable metal girders, batteries, electronics and cooling equipment.<ref name="NYT-STS97">{{Cite web |last=Warren E. Leary |date=30 November 2000 |title=Shuttle to Lift Off Tonight for Space Station |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/30/us/shuttle-to-lift-off-tonight-for-space-station.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920041700/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/30/us/shuttle-to-lift-off-tonight-for-space-station.html |archive-date=20 September 2011 |access-date=4 August 2010 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

Three [[Extra-vehicular activity|spacewalks]] were conducted by the crew of STS-97, all of which were completed prior to opening the hatch between shuttle and station. On 8 December, the hatch between the two was opened and the two crews greeted each other for the first time. It had remained closed to maintain their respective atmospheric pressures.<ref name="NASA-STS97">{{Cite web |title=Mission archives – STS-97 |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-97.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181319/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-97.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=4 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> The Expedition 1 crew took this opportunity to leave the station and tour the inside of the space shuttle, which was thought to be good for their psychological well-being.<ref name="SPACE-Jan7" />

=== Progress M1-4 ===
Prior to ''Endeavour'' docking, the Russian resupply spacecraft [[Progress M1-4]], which came to the station in mid-November, was undocked to make room for the space shuttle.<ref name="NYT-Dec2">{{Cite news| author = NYT Staff |date=2 December 2000 |title=Shuttle Nearing Space Station And Causing A Traffic Jam | agency = [[Reuters]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/02/us/shuttle-nearing-space-station-and-causing-a-traffic-jam.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502222059/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/02/us/shuttle-nearing-space-station-and-causing-a-traffic-jam.html |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=3 November 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> This Progress spacecraft remained undocked for the duration of STS-97, parked in orbit about 2,500 kilometers behind the station. It docked manually again with the station on 26 December by Gidzenko, after ''Endeavour'' left. The automatic docking system for this Progress spacecraft had failed on the first docking in November.<ref name="DecLog">{{Cite web |title=Expedition One December Crew Log |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/exp1shepdec.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090927192959/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/exp1shepdec.html |archive-date=27 September 2009 |access-date=6 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> The crew spent much of the following week unloading the Progress spacecraft.<ref name="ISS-63">{{Cite web |date=26 December 2000 |title=International Space Station Report #63 |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/reports/issreports/2000/iss00-63.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728065306/http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/reports/issreports/2000/iss00-63.html |archive-date=28 July 2011 |access-date=24 August 2010 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>

=== Christmas and New Year ===
On Christmas Day, the Expedition 1 crew were given the day off work. They opened presents delivered by ''Endeavour'' and the Progress supply ship.<ref name="BBC-Dec25">{{Cite web |date=25 December 2000 |title=Space station in UK skies |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1087086.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915221540/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1087086.stm |archive-date=15 September 2009 |access-date=6 August 2010 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> They also each took turns speaking to their families. In the following days they did several video [[Telecommunications link|downlinks]], some with Russian TV stations.<ref name="DecLog" /> The crew had a quiet New Year. Citing a Naval tradition, for the New Year's entry of the station's log, Shepherd provided a poem on behalf of the crew.<ref name="ISS-64">{{Cite web |date=31 December 2000 |title=International Space Station Report #64 |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/reports/issreports/2000/iss00-64.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808194928/http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/reports/issreports/2000/iss00-64.html |archive-date=8 August 2011 |access-date=24 August 2010 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>

=== STS-98 ===
[[File:Zvezda port hole.jpg|thumb|[[Sergei Krikalev|Krikalev]] in the ''Zvezda'' module. ''Atlantis'' is shown outside the window, flying mission [[STS-98]].]]
{{Main|STS-98}}
On 9 February 2001, Space Shuttle [[Space Shuttle Atlantis|''Atlantis'']] docked to the ISS, bringing the five American crew members of [[STS-98]] temporarily to the station. The mission was originally planned for mid-January, but was delayed due to NASA's concerns about some cables on the shuttles.<ref name="BBC-Feb7">{{Cite web |date=7 February 2001 |title=Destiny lab lifts off |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1154528.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105060141/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1154528.stm |archive-date=5 January 2009 |access-date=6 August 2010 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> This mission brought the U.S. built [[Destiny (ISS module)|Destiny laboratory]], which has a mass of 16 [[short ton]]s. It was installed with the use of the shuttle's robotic [[Canadarm]], controlled by [[Marsha Ivins]]. Astronauts [[Thomas D. Jones]] and [[Robert L. Curbeam]] helped with the installation during a spacewalk. The ''Destiny'' module had a cost of US$1.4&nbsp;billion, and would be used primarily for scientific research.<ref name="NASA-STS98">{{Cite web |title=Mission archives – STS-98 |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-98.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200823/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-98.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=4 August 2010 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref><ref name="BBC-STS98">{{Cite web |date=10 February 2001 |title=Astronauts complete delicate mission |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1163598.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105060225/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1163598.stm |archive-date=5 January 2009 |access-date=4 August 2010 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> During the spacewalk an [[ammonia]] coolant leak created a contamination scare, which happened when Curbeam was hooking up coolant lines to ''Destiny''.<ref name="SPACE-Feb10">{{Cite news |last=Halvorson |first=Todd  |date=10 February 2001 |title=Destiny Installed Despite Toxic Coolant Leak |url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/sts98_eva1pm_010210.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523234213/http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/sts98_eva1pm_010210.html |archive-date=23 May 2009 |access-date=6 August 2010 |work=Space.com}}</ref> The other two spacewalks went ahead without any problems. While the Shuttle was docked, the control of the station's orientation was switched from propellants to electrically powered gyroscopes, which had been installed in September 2000. The gyroscopes had not been used earlier due to the lack of key navigational electronics.<ref name="NASA-STS97-7">{{Cite web |title=STS-98 Day 7 Highlights |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-98/sts-98-day-07-highlights.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604094405/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-98/sts-98-day-07-highlights.html |archive-date=4 June 2011 |access-date=10 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref>

By the end of STS-98, the crew of Expedition 1 had been on the station for over three months, and Shepherd stated that he was "ready to come home".<ref name="SPACE-Feb20">{{Cite news |last=Halvorson |first=Todd  |date=20 February 2001 |title=Destiny Fulfilled: Atlantis Ends Mission With Safe Touchdown |url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/sts98_land_010220.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523234202/http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/sts98_land_010220.html |archive-date=23 May 2009 |access-date=6 August 2010 |work=Space.com}}</ref> NASA used several techniques to prevent the three crew members from suffering the effects of the "three-month wall" psychological barrier, which had caused depression in previous astronauts. For example, they allowed more time for the crew to speak to their families via videophone, and they also encouraged them to watch movies and listen to music they like.<ref name="SPACE-Jan7" />

=== Progress M-44 ===
On 28 February the third [[Progress (spacecraft)|Progress spacecraft]] to visit the ISS, [[Progress M-44]], docked to the ''Zvezda'' module. It brought air, food, rocket fuel and other equipment.<ref name="BBC-Feb26">{{Cite web |date=26 February 2001 |title=Space station prepares for supplies |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1187901.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413152611/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1187901.stm |archive-date=13 April 2012 |access-date=6 August 2010 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> It remained docked until [[Expedition 2]], when it was intentionally burnt up during [[atmospheric reentry]], like all [[Progress (spacecraft)|Progress spacecraft]].

=== STS-102 ===
{{Main|STS-102}}
Space Shuttle [[Space Shuttle Discovery|''Discovery'']] docked on 10 March 2001, bringing to the ISS the new long-duration three-person crew of [[Expedition 2]], as well as four short-term crew members of [[STS-102]]. A few hours after docking, the hatch opened, and all ten astronauts greeted each other, setting a new record for the number of people simultaneously in the ISS.<ref name="NASA-STS102">{{Cite web |title=Mission archives – STS-102 |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-102.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052300/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-102.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=4 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> The day after docking, American astronauts [[James S. Voss|Jim Voss]] and [[Susan J. Helms|Susan Helms]] began a spacewalk which ended up being nearly nine hours long, and still holds the record for the longest spacewalk ever performed, as of August 2010. The length of the spacewalk was partially due to some mistakes, including Voss accidentally releasing a small tool. Unable to retrieve it, NASA engineers tracked the tool, and decided to use ''Discovery''{{'}}s thrusters on 14 March to boost the station four kilometers higher, to ensure the ISS would not collide with the piece of [[space debris]].<ref name="BBC-Mar15" />

=== Transferring expedition crews ===
By 14 March, the expedition crews had completed the change over, but until the shuttle undocked, Shepherd officially remained commander of the station.<ref name="BBC-Mar14">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2001 |title=Space station crews change over |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1218603.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090104023537/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1218603.stm |archive-date=4 January 2009 |access-date=6 August 2010 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> The morning of the 14th the astronauts' wake-up call was the song "[[Should I Stay or Should I Go]]" by [[The Clash]], at the request of Shepherd's wife.<ref name="BBC-Mar15">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2001 |title=Space station dodges floating debris |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1221955.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413152629/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1221955.stm |archive-date=13 April 2012 |access-date=6 August 2010 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Shepherd, a former [[United States Navy SEALs|Navy SEAL]], said during the change over ceremony: "May the good will, spirit and sense of mission we had enjoyed on board endure. Sail her well."<ref name="SPACE-Mar18">{{Cite news |last=Halvorson |first=Todd  |date=18 March 2001 |title=Changing of the Guard Takes Place at Space Station Alpha |url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/sts102_command_010318.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702201708/http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/sts102_command_010318.html |archive-date=2 July 2010 |access-date=6 August 2010 |work=Space.com}}</ref> The commander of ''Discovery'', [[Jim Wetherbee]], said "For Captain Shepherd and his crew, we hold you in admiration as we prepare to bring you home. This has been an arduous duty for you. This ship was not built in a safe harbor. It was built on the high seas."<ref name="SPACE-Mar18" />

At about 01:30{{nbsp}}UTC, one hour before his departure, Expedition 1 Commander Bill Shepherd held a "change of command ceremony" to transfer control of the station to Expedition 2 Commander Yury Usachev.<ref name="STS-102 Status Report 23" />

=== Undocking and landing ===
The crew's four and a half-month tour aboard the ISS officially ended on 19 March 2001, when the hatch between ''Discovery'' and the ISS was closed at 02:32{{nbsp}}UTC.<ref name="STS-102 Status Report 23" /> At 04:32{{nbsp}}UTC, Mission Specialist [[Andy Thomas]] sent a command that released the docking mechanism and springs within the mechanism gently pushed the shuttle away from the station. During the initial separation, steering jets on both the shuttle and station were disabled to avoid any inadvertent firings. Once ''Discovery'' was about {{convert|2|ft}} away from the station, shuttle pilot James Kelly, standing at the aft flight deck controls turned the steering jets back on and fired them to begin slowly moving away.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spaceflight mission report: STS-102 |url=http://spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-102.htm |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=spacefacts.de}}</ref>

The Expedition 1 crew returned home to Earth on [[STS-102]], landing on 21 March 2001, on a rare night landing at 2:30&nbsp;am local time.<ref name="BBC-Mar21">{{Cite web |date=21 March 2001 |title=Shuttle makes night landing |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1233162.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413152547/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1233162.stm |archive-date=13 April 2012 |access-date=6 August 2010 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Two days after the landing, coincidentally, ''[[Mir]]'' was intentionally burned up during [[atmospheric reentry]], ending its 15 years in orbit.

== Daily activities ==
In a typical day, each crew member divided his time between physical exercise, station assembly and maintenance, experiments, communications with ground personnel, personal time, and bio-needs activities (such as rest and eating).<ref name="ISSpaper">{{Cite journal |last1=Alessandro Acquisti |last2=Maarten Sierhuis |last3=William J. Clancey |last4=Jeffrey M. Bradshaw |year=2008 |title=The International Space Station |journal=Agent Based Modeling of Collaboration and Work Practices Onboard the International Space Station |citeseerx=10.1.1.111.620 |author3-link=William Clancey }}</ref> The crew's daily schedule usually operated on UTC; for example, a typical morning had been scheduled to begin with an electronic wake-up tone at about 05:00 UTC.<ref name="NASApresskit">{{Cite web |date=25 October 2000 |title=Expedition One Crew brings the station to life – NASA press kit (PDF) |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/exp1_presskit.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527101039/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/exp1_presskit.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2010 |access-date=8 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> But during the expedition, a more typical wake-up time was actually between 06:00 and 07:00 UTC.<ref name="DecLog" /><ref name="JanLog" /> The crew's sleep habits were sometimes shifted to accommodate the schedules of visiting shuttles or resupply vehicles.<ref name="ISSreportNov9">{{Cite web |date=9 November 2000 |title=International Space Station Status Report #00-54 |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/station/2000/iss00-54.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126010625/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/station/2000/iss00-54.html |archive-date=26 November 2010 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>

Following the wake-up call, the crew was given some time to clean up, have breakfast, and read e-mail which had been [[Telecommunications link|uplinked]] to them from flight controllers.<ref name="NASApresskit" /> Their work day included a lunch break at midday (UTC), and ended with a mid-afternoon planning session with flight controllers, regarding the next day's activities.<ref name="NASApresskit" /><ref name="SPACE-NOV3">{{Cite news |last=Halvorson |first=Todd  |date=3 November 2000 |title=Space Station Alpha Crew Settles Into Daily Routine |url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/exp1_am_001103.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429110441/http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/exp1_am_001103.html |archive-date=29 April 2010 |access-date=10 August 2010 |work=Space.com}}</ref> Most days ended with some entertainment, with the crew watching all or part of a movie; this was thought to be good for crew bonding as well as their psychological well-being.<ref name="SPACE-Jan7" /> After watching [[2010 (film)|''2010'']], the sequel to ''[[2001: A Space Odyssey (film)|2001: A Space Odyssey]]'', Shepherd commented, "[There is] something strange about watching a movie about a space expedition when you're actually on a space expedition".<ref name="JanLog">{{Cite web |title=Expedition One January Crew Log |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/exp1shepjan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100907015914/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/exp1shepjan.html |archive-date=7 September 2010 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>

An important part of the crew's schedule was regular exercise. They had three pieces of equipment for this: a [[stationary bicycle]], a treadmill ([[Treadmill with Vibration Isolation System|TVIS]]), and a resistance device (IRED) for weight-lifting. The bicycle malfunctioned in mid-December 2000, and wasn't fixed until March.<ref name="DecLog" /><ref name="FebMarLog">{{Cite web |title=Expedition One February and March Crew Log |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/exp1shepmarfeb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100907020134/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/exp1shepmarfeb.html |archive-date=7 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2010 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref> The treadmill, which used [[bungee cord]]s to keep the crew member in place, was designed to reduce the vibrations caused by running. A normal treadmill would have produced enough vibrations to shake the station, and potentially affect the sensitive science experiments on board. The treadmill malfunctioned near the end of February, but some in-flight maintenance fixed the problem within a week.<ref name="FebMarLog" />

=== Ground communications ===
[[File:Yuri Gidzenko Exp1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Yuri Gidzenko]], in the ''Zvezda'' Service Module, communicates with ground controllers]]
Until the ''Unity'' module was available for use a month into the mission, the astronauts used the Russian [[Very high frequency|VHF]] communications gear (also called the "Regul radio link") in ''Zvezda'' and the ''Zarya'' module to communicate with the Russian Mission Control Center (known as "TsUP") in Korolev, outside Moscow.<ref name="TIME-Nov2" /><ref name="RuSpaceComm">{{Cite web |title=ISS communications |url=http://suzymchale.com/ruspace/isscomm.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120408091422/http://suzymchale.com/ruspace/isscomm.html |archive-date=8 April 2012 |access-date=27 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="FloridaToday">{{Cite web |last=Steven Siceloff |date=5 November 2000 |title=Communicating with people in space has never been easy |url=http://www.amsat.org/amsat/archive/sarex/200011/msg00020.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716101251/http://www.amsat.org/amsat/archive/sarex/200011/msg00020.html |archive-date=16 July 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010}}</ref> The Russian technology didn't have the use of satellites, so they were restricted to ground passes (called a "comm pass") which lasted for only 10–20 minutes. With the arrival of the solar arrays on [[STS-97]], they activated the S-band Early Communication gear in the [[Unity (ISS module)|Unity Module]], allowing for more continuous communication with Mission Control in Houston via NASA's network of [[Tracking and Data Relay Satellite]]s.

During [[STS-106]] in September 2000, the equipment for a [[ham radio]] was delivered to the station. The first 'ham' contact with the ground by the Expedition 1 crew was on 13 November 2000 on a pass over Moscow, shortly followed by contact with [[Goddard Space Flight Center]] in [[Greenbelt, Maryland]].<ref name="NovLog">{{Cite web |title=Expedition One November Crew Log |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/exp1shepnov.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212162003/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/exp1shepnov.html |archive-date=12 February 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref><ref name="HFRadio">{{Cite web |date=November 2003 |title=TPN/SB Amateur Radio Bulletin |url=http://www.hfradio.net/bulletin/nov1603.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723143538/http://www.hfradio.net/bulletin/nov1603.html |archive-date=23 July 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010}}</ref> The crew reported that "Voice quality of ham radio continues to be well above any of our other links."<ref name="NovLog" /><!-- at time 15:10 on transcript -->

The ''[[Amateur Radio on the International Space Station]]'' project had the crew of the station to make brief windows to radio contact with schools and clubs on the ground. The first school to be contacted by the ISS was [[Luther Burbank]] School in southwest [[Chicago]]. The contact had been planned for 19 December 2000, but due to technical problems, it was delayed to 21 December 2000.<ref name="Jan30-school">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2001 |title=Students make First Contact with the ISS |url=https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2001/ast30jan_1/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620015212/http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2001/ast30jan_1/ |archive-date=20 June 2010 |access-date=11 September 2001 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref> Due to the speed of the space station, the window of radio contact only lasted for 5–10 minutes, which was usually enough for 10 to 20 questions.<ref name="ARISS">{{Cite web |date=3 September 2010 |title=Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/experiments/ARISS.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426040400/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/experiments/ARISS.html |archive-date=26 April 2010 |access-date=11 September 2010 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>

=== Science activities ===
[[File:Popocatepetl-nasa.jpg|thumb|On 23 January 2001 the crew photographed a plume of volcanic ash from [[Popocatépetl]] [[volcano]], [[Mexico]].]]
{{Main|Scientific research on the ISS}}
The crew of Expedition 1 had fewer science experiments to conduct than subsequent expeditions, due to the priority placed on station construction.<ref name="NASApresskit" /> The plasma crystal experiment, known as ''PKE-Nefedov'', was one of the first [[natural science]] experiments conducted on the space station. It was a collaboration between the [[Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics]] in [[Germany]], and the [[Institute for High Energy Densities]] (part of the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]]).<ref name="MPG">{{Cite web |title=Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics -Project:Plasma Crystal |url=http://www.mpe.mpg.de/pke/index_e.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013014605/http://www.mpe.mpg.de/pke/index_e.html |archive-date=13 October 2011 |access-date=13 September 2010 |publisher=[[Max Planck Institute]]}}</ref><ref name="MPG2">{{Cite web |last=Peter Hergersberg |title=The Tamers of Cold Chaos |url=http://www.mpg.de/english/illustrationsDocumentation/multimedia/mpResearch/2008/heft02/013/index.html |access-date=13 September 2010 |publisher=[[Max Planck Institute]]}}</ref>

Like previous missions, the astronauts took many photos of Earth from the station, over 700 in total, which have been made freely available.<ref name="Photos">{{Cite web |title=The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth |url=http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911221103/http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ |archive-date=11 September 2010 |access-date=13 September 2010 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref> These ''Crew Earth Observations'', are intended to record dynamic events on the Earth's surface such as storms, fires, or [[volcano]]es.<ref name="NASAceo">{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Crew Earth Observations |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/experiments/CEO.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914042106/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/experiments/CEO.html |archive-date=14 September 2010 |access-date=8 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> For example, a photo of 1 January 2001 shows [[Mount Cleveland (Alaska)|Mount Cleveland]], [[Alaska]], with a plume of smoke, prior to its eruption the following month.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISS001-E-5962 (Image of Mount Cleveland smoking) |url=http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS001&roll=E&frame=5962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324230901/http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS001&roll=E&frame=5962 |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=13 September 2010 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref> On 23 January 2001, the crew observed a unique perspective of a plume of volcanic ash coming from [[Popocatépetl]], an active volcano 70 kilometres southeast of [[Mexico City]].<ref name="MexicoVolcano">{{Cite web |title=ISS01-E-5316 (23 January 2001) |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-1/html/iss01e5316.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609095709/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-1/html/iss01e5316.html |archive-date=9 June 2009 |access-date=13 September 2010 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>

An example of a low-maintenance experiment was the [[Protein crystallization|protein crystal growth]] experiment, which had also been flown on previous shuttle missions.<ref name="NASApcg">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2010 |title=Protein Crystal Growth-Enhanced Gaseous Nitrogen Dewar (PCG-EGN) |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/experiments/PCG-EGN.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426035753/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/experiments/PCG-EGN.html |archive-date=26 April 2010 |access-date=8 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> The goal was to produce better protein crystallizations than those produced on the Earth, and hence allowing for a more accurate model of [[protein structure]]s. Of the 23 proteins and [[virus]]es attempted during Expedition 1, only four resulted in successful crystallizations, which was a lower success rate than predicted.<ref name="NASApcg" /> Of those successful was the low-calorie sweetener [[Thaumatin]], whose crystals diffracted at a higher resolution than Earth-grown crystal, which resulted in a more accurate protein structure model.<ref name="NASApcg" />

Another research activity was measuring the crew's heart rates and the station's carbon dioxide levels to determine the effect of exercise on the station.<ref name="NASApresskit" />

=== IMAX filming ===
Throughout the mission the Expedition 1 crew filmed footage for use in the [[IMAX]] documentary film, [[Space Station 3D]].<ref name="IMAX">{{Cite web |title=FILM SUMMARY AND HIGHLIGHTS OF FIRST-EVER LOCKHEED MARTIN-SPONSORED IMAX 3D SPACE FILM |url=http://www.imax.com/spacestation/html/ss_film_summary.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515043313/http://www.imax.com/spacestation/html/ss_film_summary.html |archive-date=15 May 2010 |access-date=6 August 2010 |publisher=[[IMAX]]}}</ref> Highlights of the footage include the first entry into the ''Destiny'' module, during STS-98; the Expedition 1 crew showering and shaving in [[Weightlessness|zero gravity]]; and the docking of STS-102, followed by the change over to the Expedition 2 crew.<ref name="IMAX" />

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

=== NASA ===
{{Include-NASA}}
{{Reflist|2|group=NASA}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|ISS Expedition 1|Expedition 1}}
*{{Cite web |title=Expedition One Crew (with Mission overview) |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010312010151/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp1/index.html |archive-date=12 March 2001 |access-date=4 August 2010 |publisher=NASA}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20000302142350/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-1/ndxpage1.html Expedition 1 Photography]
* [http://issphotolibrary.com/pt/mission/id/ISS001 All the photos taken aboard the ISS during Expedition 1]
{{ISS expeditions}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}

{{good article}}

[[Category:Expeditions to the International Space Station|Expedition 01]]
[[Category:2000 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:2001 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:2000 in Kazakhstan]]