View source for Extensor hallucis longus muscle

{{short description|Thin muscle, situated between the tibialis anterior and the extensor digitorum longus}}
{{refimprove|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox muscle
| Name        = Extensor hallucis longus muscle
| Latin       = musculus extensor hallucis longus
| Image       = Gray441.png
| Caption     = The mucous sheaths of the tendons around the ankle. Lateral aspect. (Ext. hall. long. labeled at upper left.)
| Image2      = Extensor hallucis longus muscle - animation 2.gif
| Caption2    = Animation
| Origin      = Arises from the middle portion of the [[fibula]] on the anterior surface and the [[interosseous membrane]]
| Insertion   = Inserts on the dorsal side of the base of the [[distal phalanx]] of the [[big toe]]
| Blood       = [[Anterior tibial artery]]
| Nerve       = [[Deep fibular nerve]], L5 (L4-S1)
| Action      = Extends (raises) the big toe and assists in [[dorsiflexion]] of the foot at the [[ankle]]. Also is a weak evertor/invertor
| Antagonist  = [[Flexor hallucis longus muscle|Flexor hallucis longus]], [[Flexor hallucis brevis muscle|flexor hallucis brevis]]
}}
The '''extensor hallucis longus muscle''' is a thin [[skeletal muscle]], situated between the [[tibialis anterior]] and the [[extensor digitorum longus]]. It extends the big toe and causes [[dorsiflexion]] of the foot. It also assists with foot [[Eversion (kinesiology)|eversion]] and [[Inversion (kinesiology)|inversion]].

== Structure ==
The muscle ends as a tendon of insertion. The tendon passes through a distinct compartment in the [[inferior extensor retinaculum of foot]]. It crosses anterior tibial vessels lateromedially near the bend of the ankle.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}} In the foot, its tendon is situated at along the medial side of the dorsum of the foot.'''<ref name=":0223">{{Cite book |last=Sinnatamby |first=Chummy |title=Last's Anatomy |publisher= |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7295-3752-0 |edition=12th |pages=144}}</ref>''' Opposite the [[Metatarsophalangeal articulations|metatarsophalangeal articulation]], the tendon gives off a thin prolongation on either side, to cover the surface of the joint. An expansion from the medial side of the tendon is usually inserted into the base of the proximal phalanx.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

=== Origin ===
The extensor hallucis longus muscle arises from the middle portion of<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Sinnatamby |first=Chummy |title=Last's Anatomy |publisher= |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7295-3752-0 |edition=12th |pages=144}}</ref>''' the anterior surface{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}} of the [[fibula]] and adjacent [[Interosseous membrane of leg|interosseous membrane of the leg]].'''<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Sinnatamby |first=Chummy |title=Last's Anatomy |publisher= |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7295-3752-0 |edition=12th |pages=144}}</ref> Its origin is medial to the origin of the [[extensor digitorum longus muscle]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

=== Insertion ===
The muscle inserts at the base of the [[Distal phalange|distal phalanx]] of the great toe.'''<ref name=":0222">{{Cite book |last=Sinnatamby |first=Chummy |title=Last's Anatomy |publisher= |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7295-3752-0 |edition=12th |pages=144}}</ref>'''

===Nerve supply===
The muscle receives motor innervation from the [[deep fibular nerve]] ([[Lumbar nerves|L5]])<ref name=":022" /> (a branch of [[common fibular nerve]]).

=== Relations ===
The anterior tibial vessels and deep fibular nerve pass between this muscle and the tibialis anterior muscle.

===Variation===
Occasionally united at its origin with the [[Extensor digitorum longus muscle|extensor digitorum longus]].

The [[extensor ossis metatarsi hallucis]], a small muscle, sometimes found as a slip from the extensor hallucis longus, or from the tibialis anterior, or from the extensor digitorum longus, or as a distinct muscle; it traverses the same compartment of the transverse ligament with the extensor hallucis longus.

=== Actions/movements ===
The muscle extends the [[Toe#Hallux|big toe]] (primary action), and causes [[dorsiflexion]] of the [[foot]] (secondary action).<ref name=":022" />

== Additional images ==
<gallery>
File:Gray440_color.png|Cross-section through middle of leg. (Extensores longi digitorum et hallucis labeled at upper left.)
File:Slide1ABBAA.JPG|Dorsum of Foot. Deep dissection.
File:Slide2ABBAA.JPG|Dorsum of Foot. Deep dissection.
File:Slide2wewe.JPG|Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Medial view
File:Slide2WIKI.JPG|Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Lateral view.
</gallery>

==References==
{{Gray's}}
<references />

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Extensor hallucis longus muscles}}
* {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|15|st|04|02}} - "The Leg: Muscles"
* [https://rad.washington.edu/muscle-atlas/extensor-hallucis-longus/ University of Washington]

{{Lower limb general}}
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[[Category:Calf muscles]]
[[Category:Muscles of the lower limb]]