View source for Fårö

{{Short description|Island in the Baltic Sea}}
{{Distinguish|text=the [[Faroe Islands]] or [[Faro (disambiguation){{!}}Faro]]}}
{{Infobox islands
|name                            = Fårö
|native_name                     = 
|image_name                      = Rauks (3881539849).jpg
|image_caption                   = [[Rauk]]s at Langhammars, Fårö
|image_size                      =
|map                             = Sweden Gotland
|label                           = Fårö
|label_position                  = left
|map_caption                     = Gotland (Sweden)
|country                         = Sweden
|country_admin_divisions_title   = County
|country_admin_divisions         = [[Gotland County]]
|country_admin_divisions_title_1 = Municipality
|country_admin_divisions_1       = [[Gotland Municipality]]
|waterbody                       = [[Baltic Sea]]
|elevation_m                     =
|elevation_footnotes             = 
|prominence                      =
|coordinates                     = {{coord|57|57|N|19|09|E|type:isle_region:SE_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
|length_km                       = 
|width_km                        = 
|area_km2                        = 113.30
|area_footnotes                  = <ref name=numbers>{{cite web|title=Gotland i siffror 2015|trans-title=Gotland in numbers 2015|url=http://www.gotland.se/64224|website=www.gotland.se|publisher=[[Gotland Municipality]]|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=30 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130042935/http://gotland.se/64224|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=scb>{{cite web|url=http://www.scb.se/statistik/_publikationer/OV0904_2011A01_BR_02_A01BR1101.pdf |title=Statistisk årsbok 2011 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |language=sv |page=12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113135944/http://www.scb.se/statistik/_publikationer/OV0904_2011A01_BR_02_A01BR1101.pdf |archive-date=13 January 2012 |access-date=5 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Westrin|editor-first=Theodor |editor-link=Theodor Westrin|encyclopedia=[[Nordisk familjebok]]|title=Fårö|page=205|date=908|edition=9 (Uggleupplagan)|url=https://runeberg.org/nfbi/0121.html}}</ref>
|population                      = 505
|population_as_of                = 2021
|population_footnotes            = <ref name="Demografen">{{cite web |title=Demografen |url=http://demografen.gotland.se/ |website=demografen.gotland.se |publisher=Region Gotland}}</ref>
}}
'''Fårö''' ({{IPA|sv|ˈfôːrøː}}) or '''{{Lang|mis|Fåre}}''' in [[Gutnish]]<ref>Gunilla Brogren: ''Um Fåre u Fåreboar pa fåröiskå'', Fårö hembygdsförening 2013 ISBN 9789198054712</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gutamal.org/ordlista/?ord=F%C3%A5r%C3%B6&sok=S%C3%B6k&sprak=svenska&urval=start | title=Gutamålsgillets Årdliste / Ordlista | date=14 October 2012 }}</ref> is a [[Baltic Sea]] island just north of the island of [[Gotland]], itself off mainland [[Sweden]]'s southeastern coast. It is the second-largest island in the county and a popular summer resort. It has its own language, [[Fårömål dialect|Faroymal]], a dialect of [[Gutnish]].

Fårö is also the name of the populated area ({{lang|sv|[[socken]]}}) consisting of both Fårö and [[Gotska Sandön]] islands.<ref>The exact extent of the socken, now district, can be obtained by clicking on ''Kartinställningar'' and check the ''Socken'' box in the menu of [http://www.fmis.raa.se/cocoon/fornsok/search.html?parish=920&tab=2&page=1 this map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830005037/http://www.fmis.raa.se/cocoon/fornsok/search.html?parish=920&tab=2&page=1 |date=2018-08-30 }} from the [[Swedish National Heritage Board]] database.</ref> It comprises the same area as the [[Registration districts in Sweden|administrative]] Fårö District, established on 1{{nbsp}}January 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Förordning om district|trans-title=Regulation of districts|url=http://rkrattsdb.gov.se/SFSdoc/15/150493.PDF|date=17 June 2015|publisher=[[Ministry of Finance (Sweden)|Ministry of Finance]]|access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Gotland-Fårö-kyrka 01.jpg|thumb|175px|left|Fårö Church]]
The island is separated from Gotland by the narrow Fårö-strait, and connected by two [[Ferry|car ferries]], operated by the [[Swedish Transport Administration]]. It has a total area of {{convert|111.35|sqkm|sqmi|2|abbr=off}}, of which {{convert|9.7|sqkm|sqmi|1|abbr=off}} are water areas or [[islet]]s.

On the islands of Fårö and Gotland are rock formations called [[rauk]]. They are a result of erosion during the [[Ice age]] and are unique to Gotland and Fårö.

The medieval [[Fårö Church]] is on Fårö.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lagerlöf|first1=Erland|last2=Svahnström|first2=Gunnar|title=Gotlands kyrkor|trans-title=Gotland's Churches|language=sv|id={{LIBRIS|7232718}}|date=1973|publisher=[[Rabén & Sjögren]]|location=Stockholm|isbn=91-29-41035-5|pages=144}}</ref> {{As of|2019}}, Fårö Church along with [[Gotska Sandön Chapel]] on [[Gotska Sandön]] belongs to Fårö [[Parishes of the Church of Sweden|parish]] in Norra Gotlands [[pastorat]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Församlingar på Gotland |url=https://www.svenskakyrkan.se/visbystift/f |website=www.svenskakyrkan.se |publisher=[[Church of Sweden]] |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Visby stifts indelning 2018 |url=https://www.svenskakyrkan.se/default.aspx?id=1714164 |website=www.svenskakyrkan.se |publisher=[[Church of Sweden]] |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref>

One of the [[asteroid]]s in the [[Asteroid belt]], [[List of minor planets: 9001–10000|9358 Fårö]], is [[List of Gotland related asteroids|named]] after the island.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=9358|title=9358 Faro (1992 DN7)|access-date=6 June 2016|publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Fårö'' (in [[Modern Gutnish|Gutnish]] {{wikt-lang|gmq-x-gut|Faroy}}) is derived from the words {{wikt-lang|sv|ö}}, meaning island, and probably {{lang|sv|far-}}, which is a [[word stem]] associated with travel like in the Swedish verb {{wikt-lang|sv|fara}} ('to travel'). The word ''Fårö'' likely means 'the island one has to travel to' or 'the traveler's island'. Mainland Swedes might misinterpret the name Fårö to be derived from {{wikt-lang|sv|får}}, the (standard) Swedish word for [[sheep]], due to the many sheep on the island. That word is absent from [[Modern Gutnish]], which uses the word {{wikt-lang|gmq-x-gut|lamm}} (which in Swedish means 'lamb').<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Wahlberg |editor-first=Mats|title=Svenskt ortnamnslexikon|date=2003|publisher=[[Swedish Institute for Language and Folklore]] (SOFI)|location=Uppsala|language=sv|page= 85|isbn=917229020X|id={{LIBRIS|8998039}}
}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Total Population of Fårö<ref name="Demografen"/>
|-
! Year !! Population
|-
| 1985 || 614
|-
| 1986  || 630
|-
| 1987 || -
|-
| 1988 || 641
|-
| 1989 || 629
|-
| 1990 || 641
|-
| 1991 || 644
|-
| 1992 ||  653
|-
| 1993 || 659
|-
| 1994 || 646
|-
| 1995 || 643
|-
| 1996 || 646
|-
| 1997 || 630
|-
| 1998 || 618
|-
| 1999 || 614
|-
| 2000 || 612
|-
| 2001 || 594
|-
| 2002 || 599
|-
| 2003 || 584
|-
| 2004 || 573
|-
| 2005 || 578
|-
| 2006 || 573
|-
| 2007 || 578
|-
| 2008 || 573
|-
| 2009 || 569
|-
| 2010 || 548
|-
| 2011 || 533
|-
| 2012 || 551
|-
| 2013 || 527
|-
| 2014 || 524
|-
| 2015 || 504
|-
| 2016 || 498
|-
| 2017 || 498
|-
| 2018 || 501
|-
| 2019 || 497
|-
| 2020 || 492
|-
| 2021 || 505
|}

==Military past==
{{Main|Military on Gotland}}
[[Carl Linnaeus]] spent two days in 1741 in Fårö during the expedition in which he surveyed the strategic and military resources of Gotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Blunt |first=Wilfrid |title=The Compleat Naturalist: A Life of Linnaeus |date=1971 |publisher=Viking Press |isbn=0-670-23396-X |location=New York |oclc=189323}}</ref> 

Until the 1990s, Fårö and the North of Gotland were off-limits to foreigners because of a government military installation there.<ref name="travel.nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/10/07/travel/07cultured.html?pagewanted=print|work=The New York Times|first=Danielle|last=Pergament|title=The Enchanted Island That Bergman Called Home|date=7 October 2007}}</ref> There were large, multilingual signs at the side of the roads informing visitors of this and the prohibition was strictly enforced. After the [[Cold War]] ended, the installation ([[Swedish Coastal Artillery]] regiment KA 3) was mostly shut down. A relic of the island's military past is a {{convert|203|m|ft}} tall radio mast at Holmudden at {{Coord|57|57|33|N|19|20|46|E|display=inline}}.

==Cinematic heritage==
Swedish filmmaker [[Ingmar Bergman]] lived and died on Fårö and several of his films were filmed there, among them ''[[Through a Glass Darkly (film)|Through a Glass Darkly]]'' (1961), ''[[Persona (1966 film)|Persona]]'' (1966), ''[[Hour of the Wolf]]'' (1968), ''[[Shame (1968 film)|Shame]]'' (1968), ''[[The Passion of Anna]]'' (1969), and ''[[Scenes from a Marriage]]'' (1973),<ref name="travel.nytimes.com"/> as well as [[Liv Ullmann]]’s ''[[Faithless (2000 film)|Faithless]]'' (2000), based on a Bergman screenplay. The [[Bergman Week]] is a tribute to the filmmaker held on the island every June.<ref name=Boston>{{cite news|last1=Peary|first1=Gerald|title=For movie fans, an island getaway beckons|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/movies/articles/2010/07/11/bergman_week_and_a_shrine_to_the_late_filmmaker_await_on_fr_sweden/|newspaper=Boston.com|date=11 July 2010|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref> Fårö itself is the subject of Bergman's documentary films ''[[Fårö Document]]'' (1970) and ''Fårö Document 1979''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Steene |first=Birgitta|title=Ingmar Bergman: A Reference Guide |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |date=2005 |isbn=9053564063 |page=418}}</ref>

[[Andrei Tarkovsky]] wanted to film ''[[The Sacrifice (1986 film)|The Sacrifice]]'' on Fårö but was denied access by the military, so it was filmed further south on [[Gotland]] at [[När]] instead.

[[Mia Hansen-Løve]] filmed and set her film ''[[Bergman Island (2021 film)|Bergman Island]]'' (2021) on Fårö.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/film-tv/article/38801/1/faro-island-bergman-mia-hansen-love-greta-gerwig|title=Why Mia Hansen-Løve is making a movie about Bergman Island|website=[[Dazed]]|first=Nick|last=Chen|date=January 30, 2018|access-date=November 21, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BmQSv8ZDoRV/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BmQSv8ZDoRV |archive-date=2021-12-24 |url-access=limited|title=The production of the French/Swedish/Belgian film Bergman Island is now on! Fårö is the location.|website=[[Instagram]]|date=August 9, 2018|access-date=November 21, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==Tourism==
An annual event on Fårö is "Fårönatta" (Fårö Night), held in September, during which restaurants and bars stay open all night, craft stands are set up and the church holds a midnight Mass.<ref name="travel.nytimes.com"/>

==Landowners==
Several families on Fårö, often originating from larger cities such as Gothenburg and Stockholm, are locally referred to as the Fårö frälse. These families own significant amounts of property on the island, typically in the form of small hamlets used as private retreats. The land was originally owned by the local government and was sold to Swedish citizens—often those with military service or a clean legal record—after it was deemed surplus to military requirements.

Notable families include:

The Wållberg family

The Elfving family

== Places of interest ==
<!-- Alphabetically -->
[[File:Gotland,_Faro_Island,_Faro_Lighthouse_(Faro_Fyr),_September_2013.jpg|thumb|Fårö Fyr]]
[[File:Sudersand.jpg|thumb|Sudersand]]

=== Digerhuvud ===
The Digerhuvud coast with Bjärge [[nature reserve]] is the largest [[Stack (geology)|stack]] area in Sweden, with hundreds of stacks along a {{convert|3.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} part of the coast. Close by is the Helgumannen fishing village.<ref>{{cite web|title=Digerhuvud|url=http://www.gotland.net/plats/digerhuvud|website=www.gotland.net|publisher=Gotlands Media AB|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Enderborg|first1=Bernt|title=Helgumannen fiskeläge|url=http://www.guteinfo.com/?id=585|website=www.guteinfo.com|publisher=Guteinfo|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref> The coast is not suited for swimming due to its depth (up to {{convert|80|m|ft|abbr=off}} close to the shore), and its strong currents.

An [[asteroid]] in the [[Asteroid belt]], [[10102 Digerhuvud]], is [[List of Gotland related asteroids|named]] after the area.<ref>{{cite web|title=10102 Digerhuvud (1992 DA6)|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=10102|publisher=NASA|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref>

===Fårö Lighthouse===
The ''[[Fårö Lighthouse]]'' lies on the island's northeastern point. It is {{convert|30|m|ft|0|abbr=off}} high and was built in 1846 and 1847.

===Langhammars===
The Langhammars peninsula and the Langhammars nature reserve on north-western Fårö are rocky beaches with [[Ice age]] stone monoliths known as [[rauk]]s. Langhammars was the setting for [[Ingmar Bergman]]'s film ''[[Shame (1968 film)|Shame]]''.<ref name="travel.nytimes.com"/>

===Sudersand===
The long, sandy Sudersand beach on north-eastern Fårö lies next to Sudersands Semesterby which rents cabins to tourists.


==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Fårö}}
*[http://digitaltmuseum.se/search?query=F%C3%A5r%C3%B6%20socken Objects from Fårö at the Digital Museum] by [[Nordic Museum]]
* [http://www.gotland.info/language/eng/gotland-faro-information.php Gotland Tourist Association — Fårö]

{{Gotland County}}
{{Islands in the Baltic Sea}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Faro}}
[[Category:Gotland]]
[[Category:Swedish islands in the Baltic]]
[[Category:Islands of Gotland County]]
[[Category:Military history of Sweden]]
[[Category:Cultural heritage of Sweden]]