View source for Fard

{{Short description|Religious duty commanded by God in Islam}}
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{{Usul al-fiqh}}
'''''{{Transliteration|ar|DIN|Farḍ}}''''' ({{langx|ar|[[wikt:فرض|فرض]]}}) or '''''{{Transliteration|ar|DIN|farīḍah}}''''' ({{lang|ar|فريضة}}) or '''fardh''' in [[Islam]] is a religious [[duty]] commanded by [[God in Islam|God]]. The word is also used in [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Pashto]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bangla]] (''spelled farz or faraz''), and [[Malay language|Malay]] (''spelled fardu or fardhu'') in the same meaning. [[Muslims]] who obey such commands or duties are said to receive ''hasanat'' ({{lang|ar|[[wikt:حسنة|حسنة]]}}), ''ajr'' ({{lang|ar|[[wikt:أجر|أجر]]}}) or ''thawab'' ({{lang|ar|[[wikt:ثواب|ثواب]]}}) for each good deed.

''Fard'' or its synonym ''wājib'' ({{lang|ar|[[wikt:واجب|واجب]]}}) is one of the five types of [[ahkam]] ({{lang|ar|[[wikt:أحكام|أحكام]]}}) into which [[fiqh]] categorizes acts of every Muslim.  The [[Hanafi]] fiqh, however, does not consider both terms to be synonymous, and makes a distinction between ''wajib'' and ''fard'', the latter being obligatory and the former slightly lesser degree than being obligatory.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ebrahim |first=Mufti |url=http://www.albalagh.net/qa/fard_wajib_sunnah.shtml |title=Albalagh.net |publisher=Albalagh.net |date=2002-04-28 |access-date=2019-01-29 |archive-date=2019-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116180401/http://www.albalagh.net/qa/fard_wajib_sunnah.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=1&ID=972&CATE=4 Sunnipath.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092843/http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=1&ID=972&CATE=4 |date=2007-09-29 }}</ref>

==Individual duty and sufficiency==
The [[fiqh]] distinguishes two sorts of duties:

* Individual duty or ''farḍ al-'ayn'' ({{lang|ar|فرض العين}}) is a personal requirement that each person is expected to fulfill on their own, such as daily prayer (''[[salat]]''), and the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime if the person can afford the journey (''[[hajj]]'').<ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e624 |title=Fard al-Ayn |dictionary=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |access-date=21 June 2019 |date= |archive-date=21 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621154304/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An individual not performing this will be punished in the afterlife (but can be excused on basis of incapability), but if he enjoins and fulfils its necessity will be rewarded.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Salim|first=Al-Hadhrami|title=Safeenat Al-Najah|year=1841}}</ref>
* Sufficiency duty or ''farḍ al-kifāya'' ({{lang|ar|فرض الكفاية}}) is a duty which is imposed on the whole community of believers (''[[ummah]]''). The classic example for it is [[janaza]] (funeral prayer): the individual is not required to perform it as long as a sufficient number of community members fulfill it.<ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e625 |title=Fard al-Kifayah |dictionary=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |access-date=21 June 2019 |date= |archive-date=21 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621154343/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e625 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Examples of fard acts ==

# [[Salah]] (daily prayer, including [[Friday prayer]])
# [[Zakat]] (giving alms)
# [[Fasting in Islam|Sawm]] (fasting during [[Ramadan]])
# [[Hajj]] (pilgrimage to [[Mecca]])
# Protecting one's children

==See also==
* [[Dua]]
* [[Makruh]]
* [[Mustahabb]]

===Ahkam===
* [[Ahkam]], commandments, of which fardh are a type
* [[Mustahabb]], recommended but not required

===Other religions===
* [[Mitzvah]], a somewhat similar Jewish concept
* [[Dharma]]. a somewhat similar Hindu/Buddhist/Sikh concept

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Obligatory rulings of Islam}}
{{Islam topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Arabic words and phrases in Sharia]]
[[Category:Sharia legal terminology]]
[[Category:Religious philosophical concepts]]