View source for Federal Assembly (Russia)

{{Short description|Bicameral legislature of Russia}}{{Redirect|Russian parliament}}{{Infobox legislature
| name               = Federal Assembly
| native_name        = Федеральное собрание
| transcription_name = ''Federalnoye sobraniye''
| legislature        = 
| coa_pic            = Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation 2.svg
| coa_res            = 
| foundation         = {{start date and age|df=yes|1993|12|12}}
| preceded_by        = [[Supreme Soviet of Russia]]<br />[[Constitutional Conference of Russia]]
| house_type         = Bicameral
| body               = 
| houses             = [[Federation Council of Russia|Federation Council]]<br>(upper house)<hr>[[State Duma]]<br>(lower house)
| leader1_type       = [[Chairman of the Federation Council (Russia)|Chairwoman of the Federation Council]]
| leader1            = [[Valentina Matviyenko]]
| party1             = [[United Russia]]
| election1          = 21 September 2011
| leader2_type       = [[Chairman of the State Duma]]
| leader2            = [[Vyacheslav Volodin]]
| party2             = [[United Russia]]
| election2          = 5 October 2016
| leader3_type       = 
| leader3            = 
| party3             = 
| election3          = 
| members            = 628
*'''Federation Council''': 178{{efn|The federal subjects of Russia include several not internationally recognized as part of Russia. The [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Republic of Crimea]] and [[Sevastopol]] were annexed in 2014, and [[Donetsk People's Republic]], [[Luhansk People's Republic]], [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast]] and [[Kherson Oblast]] in 2022.}}
*'''State Duma''': 450
| house1             = [[Federation Council of Russia|Federation Council]]
| house2             = [[State Duma]]
|structure1          = Russia Federation Council 2025.svg
|structure1_res      = 300px
|political_groups1 = * {{nowrap|{{Color box|{{party color|United Russia}}|border=silver}} [[United Russia]] (136)}}
* {{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party of Russia}}|border=silver}} [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|LDPR]] (3)
* {{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}|border=silver}} [[Communist Party of the Russian Federation|CPRF]] (2)
* {{Color box|{{party color|A Just Russia}}|border=silver}} [[A Just Russia — For Truth|SRZP]] (1)
* {{Color box|silver|border=silver}} [[Independent candidate|Independent]] (34)
* {{Color box|transparent|border=silver}} Vacant seats (2)
| structure2         = State Duma updated.svg 
| structure2_res     = 300px
| political_groups2  = '''[[Mikhail Mishustin's Second Cabinet|Government]]  (337)'''
:{{nowrap|{{Color box|{{party color|United Russia}}|border=silver}} [[United Russia]] (315)}}
: {{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party of Russia}}|border=silver}} [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|LDPR]] ([[List of Liberal Democratic Party of Russia deputies in the State Duma|22]]){{efn|
:: {{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party of Russia}}|border=silver}} [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|LDPR]] (20)
:: {{Color box|{{party color|Civic Platform (Russia)}}|border=silver}} [[Civic Platform (Russia)|Civic Platform]] ([[Rifat Shaykhutdinov|1]])
:: {{Color box|{{party color|Rodina (political party)}}|border=silver}} [[Rodina (political party)|Rodina]] ([[Aleksey Zhuravlyov (politician)|1]])}}

'''Other parties (103)'''
: {{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}|border=silver}} [[Communist Party of the Russian Federation|CPRF]] ([[CPRF faction in the State Duma|57]]){{efn|
::{{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}|border=silver}} [[Communist Party of the Russian Federation|CPRF]] (57)
::: {{Color box|{{Party color|Movement in Support of the Army}}|border=silver}} [[Movement in Support of the Army]] ([[Viktor Sobolev (politician)|1]])<ref name=cprfmps>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mk.ru/politics/2022/06/02/srazu-dve-zheny-mesto-rashkina-v-gosdume-zanyala-anastasiya-udalcova.html|title=Сразу две жены: место Рашкина в Госдуме заняла Анастасия Удальцова|website=[[Moskovskij Komsomolets]]|date=2 June 2022 }}</ref>
::: {{Color box|{{Party color|For a New Socialism}}|border=silver}} [[For a New Socialism]] ([[Anzhelika Glazkova|1]])<ref name=cprfmps/>
::: {{Color box|{{Party color|Left Front (Russia)}}|border=silver}} [[Left Front (Russia)|Left Front]] ([[Anastasia Udaltsova|1]])<ref name=cprfmps/>}}
: {{Color box|{{party color|A Just Russia}}|border=silver}} [[A Just Russia – For Truth|SRZP]] (28){{efn|
:: {{Color box|{{party color|A Just Russia}}|border=silver}} [[A Just Russia – For Truth|SRZP]] (27)
:: {{Color box|{{party color|Independent politician}}|border=silver}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] ([[Anatoly Wasserman|1]])}}
: {{Color box|{{party color|New People (political party)}}|border=silver}} [[New People (political party)|New People]] (15)
: {{Color box|{{party color|Independent politician}}|border=silver}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] (3){{efn|
:{{Color box|{{party color|Independent politician}}|border=silver}} [[Yevgeny Marchenko (politician)|Yevgeny Marchenko]] {{small|(ex-[[United Russia]])}}
:{{Color box|{{party color|Independent politician}}|border=silver}} [[Yaroslav Nilov]] {{small|(ex-[[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|LDPR]])}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=ЛДПР исключила из партии депутата Ярослава Нилова |url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/news/2025/06/25/1120081-ldpr-isklyuchila-nilova |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=Ведомости |language=ru}}</ref>
:{{Color box|{{party color|New People (political party)}}|border=silver}} [[Oksana Dmitriyeva]] {{small|(Member of [[New People (political party)|New People]] party, but not Duma faction)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=Оксана Дмитриева возглавит реготделение партии «Новые люди» в Петербурге {{!}} Санкт-Петербург |url=https://fedpress.ru/news/78/policy/3312485 |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=ФедералПресс |language=ru-RU}}</ref>}}}}
'''Vacant seats (10)'''
: {{Color box|{{party color|Vacant}}|border=silver}} Vacant seats (10)
| committees1      = 
| committees2      = 
| joint_committees = 
| voting_system1   = [[Indirect election]]
| voting_system2   = [[Parallel voting]]:
*225 seats are elected by [[Party-list proportional representation]] with 5% [[electoral threshold]]
*225 seats are elected by [[First-past-the-post voting|First past the post]]
| last_election1   = [[1993 Russian legislative election|12 December 1993]]
| last_election2   = [[2021 Russian legislative election|17–19 September 2021]]
| next_election2   = [[2026 Russian legislative election|Before 20 September 2026]]
| meeting_place    = [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]] Building, [[Moscow]]
| session_room     = Здание_Совета_Федерации.jpg
| session_res      = 
| meeting_place2   = [[State Duma]] Building, [[Moscow]]
| session_room2    = Building_of_Council_of_Labor_and_Defense,_Moscow.jpg
| session_res2     = 
| website          = [http://www.gov.ru/main/page7.html Gov.ru]
| footnotes        = {{notelist}}
| constitution     = [[Constitution of Russia]], Chapter V, Articles 94-109
}}

The '''Federal Assembly'''{{efn|{{lang-rus|Федера́льное собра́ние|r=Federal'noye sobraniye|p=fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnəjə sɐˈbranʲɪjə}}}} is the bicameral national legislature of [[Russia]]. The upper house is the [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]], and the lower house is the [[State Duma]]. The assembly was established by the [[Constitution of the Russian Federation]] in 1993, replacing the former [[Supreme Soviet of Russia]]. It is located in [[Moscow]].

The [[Chairman of the Federation Council]] is the third most important position after the [[President of Russia|President]] and the [[Prime Minister of Russia|Prime Minister]]. In the case that both the President and the Prime Minister are incapacitated, the Speaker of the upper house of the Russian parliament becomes [[Acting President of Russia]].<ref>[http://ria.ru/analytics/20110518/376470939.html "Пост Председателя Совета Федерации РФ – это третий пост в стране. В случае недееспособности президента и премьера именно председатель верхней палаты парламента должен возглавить государство."]</ref><ref>[http://www.newstube.ru/media/sergej-shaxraj-konstituciya-nachalas-s-tryox-listov-bumagi "Почему у нас третье лицо в государстве Председатель Совета Федерации? Потому что это федерация, он не распускается, он действует постоянно." - Сергей Шахрай]</ref>

The jurisdiction of the Federation Council includes: approval of changes in borders between [[federal subjects of Russia]], approval of the [[Decree of the President of Russia|presidential decree]] on the introduction of a [[martial law]] or on the introduction of a [[state of emergency]], deciding on the possibility of using the [[Armed Forces of Russia]] outside the territory of Russia, appointment of [[Russian presidential election|elections of the President]], [[impeachment]] of the President, appointment of judges of [[Judiciary in Russia|higher courts of Russia]], appointment and dismissal of the [[Prosecutor General of Russia]], appointment and dismissal of Deputy Chairman and half of the auditors of the all [[Accounts Chamber of Russia|Accounts Chamber]] and others.<ref>[http://constitution.ru/en/10003000-06.htm The Constitution of the Russian Federation. Article 102]</ref>

The jurisdiction of the State Duma includes: consent to the appointment of the [[Prime Minister of Russia|Prime Minister]] (Chairman of the Government), deciding the issue of confidence in the Government, appointment and dismissal of the Governor of the [[Central Bank of Russia|Central Bank]], appointment and dismissal of the Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounts Chamber, appointment and dismissal of the [[Commissioner for Human Rights (Russia)|Commissioner for Human Rights]], proclamation of [[amnesty]], advancing of charges against the President for his impeachment and others.<ref>[http://constitution.ru/en/10003000-06.htm The Constitution of the Russian Federation. Article 103]</ref>

Since the [[2003 Russian legislative election|2003 elections]], the Federal Assembly has been referred to by analysts and observers as being a [[Rubber stamp (politics)|rubber stamp institution]].<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last1=Berlinger |first1=Joshua |last2=Voitovych |first2=Olga |date=3 October 2022 |title=Russian Parliament begins process to rubber-stamp annexations as Moscow struggles to define borders |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/03/europe/russia-ukraine-annexation-intl/index.html |access-date= |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite book |last1=Rosefielde |first1=Steven |last2=Hedlund |first2=Stefan |title=Russia Since 1980 |date=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521849135 |page=174 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNSiw3S8NIUC&dq=rubber+stamp+%22federal+assembly%22+of+russia+inpublisher:university+inpublisher:press&pg=PA174 |access-date=16 June 2023|quote=Duma election of 2003, reducing the legislature to a rubber stamp.}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite news|last1=Troianovski|first1=Anton|author-link=Anton Troianovski|last2=Nechepurenko|first2=Ivan|author-link2=Ivan Nechepurenko|date=19 September 2021|title=Russian Election Shows Declining Support for Putin's Party|language=en|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/19/world/europe/russia-election-google.html|access-date=27 September 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920000513/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/19/world/europe/russia-election-google.html |archive-date=20 September 2021 |quote=Russian elections are not free and fair, and Parliament’s role in recent years has mainly been to rubber-stamp the Kremlin's initiatives while providing a veneer of democratic legitimacy to Mr. Putin’s rule.}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite journal |url=http://prutland.faculty.wesleyan.edu/files/2015/07/Rutland-China-Russia-Compared.pdf |journal=Polis |location=Moscow |issue=3 |date=June 2009| pages=165–176 |title=Post-socialist states and the evolution of a new development model: Russia and China compared |first=Peter |last=Rutland}}</ref>

==Powers==
{{Politics of Russia|expanded=Legislature}}

As the Russian legislature, all laws must be voted in the Federal Assembly before they are signed into law. All bills, even those proposed by the Federation Council, must first be considered by the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. The Federation Council cannot make changes in bills passed by the Duma and can either approve or reject them. If the Federation Council rejects a bill passed by the State Duma, the two chambers must form a conciliation commission to work out a compromise version of the legislation. If two chambers cannot reach a compromise, or the Duma insists on passing the bill ''as is'', the veto of the Federation Council can be overridden, if two thirds of the Duma's constitutional composition vote in favor of the bill.

The State Duma and the Federation Council usually meet separately. Joint sessions are organized when:

*[[President of Russia]] [[State of the Nation (Russia)|delivers his annual address to the Federal Assembly]];
*For hearing of addresses of the [[Constitutional Court of Russia]];
*To hear the speeches of leaders of foreign States.

==Parliamentary centre==
In the mid 2000s it was suggested that the Parliamentary centre of the [[State Duma]] and [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]] be combined into one building.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date = 2016-02-19|title = Sergei Mironov will make a proposal for the construction of the Parliamentary centre| date=5 February 2004 |url = http://www.rg.ru/2004/02/05/sf.html/ |publisher=Russian newspaper}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|access-date = 2016-02-19|title = the Construction of the parliamentary centre — Russian newspaper|url = http://www.rg.ru/sujet/4597/ |publisher=www.rg.ru}}</ref> In 2012, the idea was supported by President [[Dmitry Medvedev]].<ref>{{Cite web|access-date = 2016-02-19|title = In the state Duma confirmed the relocation of Parliament in the Lower Mnevniki| date=31 August 2014 |url = http://www.rg.ru/2014/08/29/parlament-site.html/ |publisher=Russian newspaper}}</ref> Reasons cited for the construction of a new building included the cramped nature of the parliament members' current offices, the remote locations of these offices split across ten locations in [[Moscow]], and the desire of the government to move the bodies away from the city centre to reduce traffic congestion.

Various areas of Moscow were examined to serve as the new parliamentary center: [[Kutuzovsky Avenue]], [[Frunzenskaya Embankment]], "[[Moscow International Business Center|Moscow City]]", [[Tushino airfield]], Krasnaya Presnya Street, [[Moskvoretskaya Embankment]], [[Muzeon Park of Arts]] and the Sofia Embankment. In September 2014, the Mnyovniki floodplain was selected, a decision which was protested by ecologists.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/news/2014/26-12-mnevniki |title=the Moscow Government is going to relocate the Russian Parliament in Mnevniki |access-date=2017-01-10 |archive-date=2019-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121155212/http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/news/2014/26-12-mnevniki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The design of the new building was to be decided on the basis of an architectural competition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rbc.ru/politics/01/02/2016/569d00c69a79475b06215be3|title=Переезд Госдумы в Мневники отложили по эстетическим соображениям|website=РБК|date=February 2016 |access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref> The parliamentarians, however, disagreed on aesthetic decisions between candidates in the competition, which were not resolved when the contest was conducted a second time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://daily.afisha.ru/cities/496-tradicii-shizofrenii-v-russkoj-arhitekture|script-title=ru:Традиции шизофрении в русской архитектуре|work=Афиша|access-date=2017-12-22|language=ru-RU}}</ref>

Financing issues caused complications. Originally, the Parliamentary center was to be funded by private investors, who would in turn receive ownership of a building currently belonging to the State Duma and the Federation Council, as well as permits to tear it down and replace the building with their own development projects (such as hotels). An objection to this plan was lodged by architectural critic Grigory Revzin, arguing that the State Duma is located in the [[Building of Council of Labor and Defense|building of the Council of Labor and Defense]] which was designed by [[Arkady Langman]] and built in 1935, rendering the existing State Duma building an architectural monument, which would be protected by the state and cannot be demolished.

Work on the parliamentary center was to begin in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-03 |title=Владимир Ресин: Новый парламентский центр откроется к 2020 году |url=https://rg.ru/2016/02/03/reg-cfo/resin-stroitelstvo-parlamentskogo-centra-nachnetsia-ne-pozdnee-2017-goda.html |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=Российская газета}}</ref> However, in 2016 it was postponed to an unknown date due to the economic situation and disagreements on what the center should look like.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Переезд Госдумы в Мневники отложили по эстетическим соображениям |url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/01/02/2016/569d00c69a79475b06215be3 |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=РБК |date=February 2016 |language=ru}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[City duma]]
* [[List of legislatures by country]]
* [[Politics of Russia]]
* [[Regional parliaments of Russia]]

== Notes ==
{{NoteFoot}}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<!--ref name="Art 104(1)">The Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993, article 104(1).</ref-->
<!--ref name="Art 105(1)">The Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993, article 105(1).</ref-->
<!--ref name="Art 105(2)">The Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993, article 105(2).</ref-->
<!--ref name="Art 105(3)">The Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993, article 105(3).</ref-->
<!--ref name="Art 105(4)">The Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993, article 105(4).</ref-->
<!--ref name="Art 105(5)">The Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993, article 105(5).</ref-->
<!--ref name="Art 107(1)">The Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993, article 107(1).</ref-->
<!--ref name="Art 107(2)">The Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993, article 107(2).</ref-->
<!--ref name="Art 107(3)">The Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993, article 107(3).</ref-->
}}

==External links==
* [http://www.russia-today.ru/ Russian Federation Today] — Official issue of the Federal Assembly {{in lang|ru}}

{{Russia topics}}
{{National bicameral legislatures}}
{{Parliaments in Europe}}
{{Asia topic|Parliament of}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Federal Assembly (Russia)| ]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Russia]]
[[Category:National legislatures|Russia]]
[[Category:Government of Russia]]
[[Category:Bicameral legislatures|Russia]]