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{{Short description|American central banking institution}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2025}}
[[File:Ec 05 (26114196145).jpg|thumb|The Federal Reserve System is headquartered at the [[Eccles Building]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]]]
[[File:Federal Reserve Districts Map - Banks & Branches.png|thumb|Map of the twelve Federal Reserve Districts, with the twelve Federal Reserve Districts enumerated in black circles and the twelve Federal Reserve Banks marked as black squares. Branches within each district are marked as red circles. The Washington, D.C. headquarters is marked with a star enclosed in a black circle.]]

A '''Federal Reserve Bank''' is a regional bank of the [[Federal Reserve System]], the [[central bank]]ing system of the United States. There are twelve in total, one for each of the twelve '''Federal Reserve Districts''' that were created by the [[Federal Reserve Act]] of 1913.<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Sullivan |first1=Arthur |author-link=Arthur O'Sullivan (economist) |last2=Sheffrin |first2=Steven M. |date=2003 |title=Economics: Principles in Action |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey |page=417 |url=https://www.savvas.com/index.cfm?locator=PSZu4y&PMDbSiteId=2781&PMDbSolutionId=6724&PMDbSubSolutionId=&PMDbCategoryId=815&PMDbSubCategoryId=24843&PMDbSubjectAreaId=&PMDbProgramId=23061 |isbn=0-13-063085-3 }}</ref> The banks are jointly responsible for implementing the [[monetary policy]] set forth by the [[Federal Open Market Committee]], and are divided as follows:

{{col-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Federal Reserve Bank of Boston]]
* [[Federal Reserve Bank of New York]]
* [[Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia]]
* [[Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland]]
* [[Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond]]
* [[Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta]]
* [[Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago]]
* [[Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis]]
* [[Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis]]
* [[Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City]]
* [[Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas]]
* [[Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco]]
}}

Some banks also possess [[List of Federal Reserve branches|branches]], with the whole system being headquartered at the [[Eccles Building]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]

Each regional bank's board has nine members. Members are of three classes: A, B, and C. There are three board members in each class. Class A members are chosen by the regional Bank's shareholders, and are intended to represent member banks' interests. Member banks are divided into three categories: large, medium, and small. Each category elects one of the three class A board members. Class B board members are also nominated by the region's member banks, but class B board members are supposed to represent the interests of the public. Lastly, class C board members are appointed by the board of governors, and are also intended to represent the interests of the public.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 22, 2010 |title=US Code: Title 12, Subchapter VII – Directors of Federal Reserve Banks; Reserve Agents and Assistants |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode12/usc_sup_01_12_10_3_20_VII.html |access-date=August 29, 2011 |publisher=Law.cornell.edu}}</ref>

==History==
{{Main|History of central banking in the United States}}
{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2014}}
[[File:US Federal Reserve Banks collage 1936.jpg|thumb|The twelve Reserve Bank buildings in 1936]]

The Federal Reserve Banks are the most recent institutions that the United States government has created to provide functions of a central bank. Prior institutions have included the [[First Bank of the United States|First]] (1791–1811) and [[Second Bank of the United States|Second]] (1818–1824) Banks of the United States, the [[Independent Treasury]] (1846–1920) and the [[National Bank Act|National Banking System]] (1863–1935). Several policy questions have arisen with these institutions, including the degree of influence by private interests, the balancing of regional economic concerns, the prevention of financial panics, and the type of reserves used to back currency.<ref name="Wells 2004">{{cite book |last=Wells |first=Donald R. |date=2004 |title=The Federal Reserve System: A History |isbn=9780786418800 |url=https://archive.org/details/federalreservesy00dona |url-access=registration }}</ref>

A financial crisis known as the [[Panic of 1907]] threatened several New York banks with failure, an outcome avoided through loans arranged by banker [[J. P. Morgan]]. Morgan succeeded in restoring confidence to the New York banking community, but the panic revealed weaknesses in the US financial system, such that a private banker could dictate the terms of a bank's survival.<ref name="Carosso">Carroso, Vincent P. ''The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854-1913''</ref> In other parts of the country, clearing houses briefly issued their own money notes to carry on business. In response, Congress formed the [[National Monetary Commission]] to investigate options for providing currency and credit in future panics. Based on the Commission's findings and other proposals, Congress established the [[Federal Reserve System]] in which several Federal Reserve Banks would provide liquidity to banks in different regions of the country.<ref name="Wells 2004" /> The Federal Reserve Banks opened for business in November 1914.<ref>[http://www.newyorkfed.org/aboutthefed/history_article.html The Founding of the Fed]</ref>

==Legal status==
The Reserve Banks are organized as self-financing [[corporation]]s and empowered by Congress to distribute currency and regulate its value under policies set by the Federal Open Market Committee and the [[Federal Reserve Board of Governors|Board of Governors]]. Their corporate structure reflects the concurrent interests of the government and the member banks, but neither of these interests amounts to outright ownership.

Legal cases involving the Federal Reserve Banks have concluded that they are "private", but can be held or deemed as "governmental" depending on the particular law at issue. In ''United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation v. Western Union Telegraph Co.'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/275/415.html |title=United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corp. v. Western U. |website=Find Law |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824235734/https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/275/415.html |archive-date=August 24, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=June 16, 2018 }}</ref> the US Supreme Court stated, "Instrumentalities like the national banks or the federal reserve banks, in which there are private interests, are not departments of the government. They are private corporations in which the government has an interest." The United States has an interest in the Federal Reserve Banks as tax-exempt federally created instrumentalities whose profits belong to the federal government, but this interest is not proprietary.<ref name="Scott 8th Cir. 2005">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210703055822/https://ecf.ca8.uscourts.gov/opndir/05/04/042357P.pdf Kennedy C. Scott v. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, et al.], [http://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F3/406/406.F3d.532.04-2357.html 406 F.3d 532] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100517200626/http://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F3/406/406.F3d.532.04-2357.html |date=May 17, 2010 }} (8th Cir. 2005).</ref> In ''Lewis v. United States'',<ref name="Lewis-vs-U.S.">[http://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F2/680/680.F2d.1239.80-5905.html 680 F.2d 1239] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515062925/http://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F2/680/680.F2d.1239.80-5905.html |date=May 15, 2010 }} (9th Cir. 1982).</ref> the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit]] stated that: "The Reserve Banks are not federal instrumentalities for purposes of the FTCA [the [[Federal Tort Claims Act]]], but are independent, privately owned and locally controlled corporations." The opinion went on to say, however, that: "The Reserve Banks have properly been held to be federal instrumentalities for some purposes," such as anti-bribery law. Another relevant decision is ''Scott v. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City'',<ref name="Scott 8th Cir. 2005" /> in which the distinction is made between Federal Reserve Banks, which are federally created instrumentalities, and the Board of Governors, which is a federal agency.

The original Federal Reserve Act provided starting capital for the Reserve Banks by requiring the participating banks to purchase stock in a Reserve Bank in proportion to their assets. This stock pays a dividend out of the Reserve Bank's earnings but otherwise is quite different from [[common stock]] in a private corporation. It may not be traded, transferred or borrowed against, and it grants no ownership of the Reserve Bank's surplus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.federalreserve.gov/generalinfo/faq/faqbkinfo.htm |title=FRB: FAQs: Banking Information |publisher=Federalreserve.gov |date=February 12, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601221526/https://www.federalreserve.gov/generalinfo/faq/faqbkinfo.htm |archive-date=June 1, 2010 }}</ref> A bank's stock ownership does not give it proportional voting power to choose the Reserve Bank's directors; instead, each member bank receives three [[ranked voting|ranked votes]] for six of the Reserve Bank's nine directors, who are subject to qualifications defined in the Federal Reserve Act. If a Reserve Bank were ever dissolved or liquidated, the Act states that members would be eligible to redeem their stock up to its purchase value, while any remaining surplus would belong to the federal government.<ref>{{USC2|12|290|Use of earnings transferred to the Treasury}}</ref>

Regarding the structural relationship between the twelve Federal Reserve banks and the commercial (member) banks, political science professor Michael D. Reagan explains that,<ref>Michael D. Reagan, "The Political Structure of the Federal Reserve System," ''American Political Science Review'', Vol. 55 (March 1961), pp. 64-76, as reprinted in ''Money and Banking: Theory, Analysis, and Policy'', p. 153, ed. by S. Mittra (Random House, New York, 1970).</ref>

{{blockquote|the "ownership" of the Reserve Banks by the commercial banks is symbolic; they do not exercise the proprietary control associated with the concept of ownership nor share, beyond the statutory dividend, in Reserve Bank "profits." ... Bank ownership and election at the base are therefore devoid of substantive significance, despite the superficial appearance of private bank control that the formal arrangement creates.}}

==Function==
The Federal Reserve Banks offer various services to the federal government and the private sector:<ref>''United States Government Manual'': Federal Reserve System</ref><ref>[https://www.newyorkfed.org/markets/treasury-debt-auctions-and-buybacks-as-fiscal-agent Treasury Debt Auctions and Buybacks as Fiscal Agent]</ref>

* Acting as depositories for bank reserves
* Lending to banks to cover short-term fund deficits, seasonal business cycles, or extraordinary liquidity demands (i.e. [[bank run|runs]])
* Collecting and clearing payments between banks
* Issuing [[banknote]]s for general circulation as currency
* Administering the deposit accounts of the federal government
* Conducting auctions and buybacks of federal debt
* Purchasing obligations of non-bank entities via emergency credit facilities authorized by the Board of Governors

Historically the Reserve Banks compensated member banks for keeping reserves on deposit (and therefore unavailable for lending) by paying them a dividend from earnings, limited by law to 6 percent. The [[Emergency Economic Stabilization Act]] (EESA) of 2008 additionally authorized the Reserve Banks to pay interest on member bank reserves, while the [[Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act|FAST Act]] of 2015 imposed an additional dividend limit equal to the yield determined in the most recent 10-year [[Treasury Note]] auction.

Although all Reserve Banks have the legal authority to conduct open-market operations, in practice only the Reserve Bank of New York does so. It manages the [[System Open Market Account]] (SOMA), a portfolio of government-issued or government-guaranteed securities that is shared among all of the Reserve Banks.<ref>[https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed/files/combinedfinstmt2018.pdf 2018 Combined Financial Statements] (Note 5: System Open Market Account)</ref>

==Finances==
The Federal Reserve Banks fund their own operations, primarily by distributing the earnings from the System Open Market Account. Expenses and dividends paid are typically a small fraction of a Federal Reserve Bank's revenue each year.<ref>Annual reports</ref> The banks may retain part of their earnings in their own surplus funds that are limited to $7.5&nbsp;billion, system-wide. The rest must be transferred via the Board of Governors to the Secretary of the Treasury, who then deposits it to the Treasury's general fund.<ref>{{usc|12|289}}</ref><ref>See bank financial statements, e.g. [https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed/files/combinedfinstmt2018.pdf 2018 Combined Financial Statements] (Operating Expenses: Earnings remittances to the Treasury), and Treasury financial reports, e.g. [https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/236/AFR_Full%20111518_clean_508.pdf 2018 Agency Financial Report] (Sources of Custodial Revenue: Deposit of Earnings, Federal Reserve System)</ref> When a Reserve Bank's earnings are insufficient to cover its expenses and dividends, it introduces a deferred asset on its books to be realized from future earnings.<ref>{{cite report|last1=Carpenter|first1=Seth B.|last2=Ihrig|first2=Jane E.|last3=Klee|first3=Elizabeth C.|last4=Quinn|first4=Danel W.|last5=Boote|first5=Alexander H.|title=The Federal Reserve’s Balance Sheet and Earnings: A primer and projections|date=January 2013|url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2013/201301/revision/201301pap.pdf|access-date=January 24, 2023}}</ref>

The Reserve Banks were historically capitalized through deposits of gold, and in 1933 all privately held monetary gold was transferred to them under [[Executive Order 6102]]. This gold was in turn transferred to the Treasury under the [[Gold Reserve Act of 1934]] in exchange for [[Gold certificate (United States)|gold certificate]]s that may not be redeemed under current law. The Reserve Banks continue to report these certificates as assets, but they do not represent direct gold ownership and the Board of Governors has stated that "the Federal Reserve does not own gold."<ref>{{cite web|title=Does the Federal Reserve own or hold gold?|website=Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System|url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/does-the-federal-reserve-own-or-hold-gold.htm|access-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref>

Although the Reserve Banks operate as distinct financial entities, they participate each April in an interdistrict settlement process that has three purposes: settling the payment balances that the Reserve Banks owe each other; allocating ownership of the SOMA portfolio; and establishing uniform gold certificate backing for Federal Reserve Notes. This process connects the Reserve Banks' different functions – monetary policy, payment clearing and currency issue – as an integrated system.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wolman |first=Alexander L. |title=Federal Reserve Interdistrict Settlement |journal=Economic Quarterly |publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond |volume=99 |number=2 |date=2013 |url=https://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/economic_quarterly/2013/q2/wolman |access-date=November 13, 2022 }}</ref>

The Federal Reserve Banks conduct ongoing internal [[Financial audit|audit]]s of their operations to ensure that their accounts are accurate and comply with the Federal Reserve System's accounting principles. The banks are also subject to two types of external auditing. Since 1978 the [[Government Accountability Office]] (GAO) has conducted regular audits of the banks' operations. The GAO audits are reported to the public, but they may not review a bank's monetary policy decisions or disclose them to the public.<ref>{{usc|31|714}}</ref> Since 1999 each bank has also been required to submit to an annual audit by an external accounting firm,<ref>{{usc|12|269b}}</ref> which produces a confidential report to the bank and a summary statement for the bank's annual report. Some members of Congress continue to advocate a more public and intrusive GAO audit of the Federal Reserve System,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/07/21/federal-reserve-congress-business-washington-bernanke.html|access-date=November 23, 2011|title=Bernanke Fights Audit Threat To The Fed|author=Zumbrun, Joshua|date=July 21, 2009|work=Forbes}}</ref> but Federal Reserve representatives support the existing restrictions to prevent political influence over long-range economic decisions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ny.frb.org/aboutthefed/fedpoint/fed35.html|access-date=November 23, 2011|title=How the Federal Reserve is Audited|date=April 2008|work=Federal Reserve Bank of New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Jerome H.|last=Powell|date=February 9, 2015|title='Audit the Fed' and Other Proposals|website=Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System|url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/powell20150209a.htm|access-date=August 25, 2019}}</ref>

== Banks ==
[[File:33 Liberty Street IMG 9058 stitched.jpg|thumb|The Federal Reserve Bank of New York holds special status in the system.]]

The Federal Reserve officially identifies Districts by number and Reserve Bank city.<ref name="federalreserve2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.federalreserve.gov/OTHERFRB.HTM|title=The Twelve Federal Reserve Districts |date=December 13, 2005|work=Federal Reserve|publisher=The Federal Reserve Board|access-date=February 18, 2009}}</ref> Most banks also have branch locations. 

* 1st District (A): [[Federal Reserve Bank of Boston]]
* 2nd District (B): [[Federal Reserve Bank of New York]]
** ''[[Federal Reserve Bank of New York Buffalo Branch]] (closed 2008)''
* 3rd District (C): [[Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia]]
* 4th District (D): [[Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Cincinnati Branch]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Pittsburgh Branch]]
* 5th District (E): [[Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Baltimore Branch]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Charlotte Branch]]
* 6th District (F): [[Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Birmingham Branch]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Jacksonville Branch]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Miami Branch]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Nashville Branch]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta New Orleans Branch]]
* 7th District (G): [[Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us - Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago |url=https://www.chicagofed.org/utilities/about-us/index |access-date=July 22, 2020 |website=Chicagofed.org}}</ref>
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Detroit Branch]]
* 8th District (H): [[Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Little Rock Branch]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Louisville Branch]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Memphis Branch]]
* 9th District (I): [[Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Helena Branch]]
* 10th District (J): [[Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Denver Branch]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Oklahoma City Branch]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Omaha Branch]]
* 11th District (K): [[Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas El Paso Branch]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Houston Branch]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas San Antonio Branch]]
* 12th District (L): [[Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Los Angeles Branch]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Portland Branch]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Salt Lake City Branch]]
** [[Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Seattle Branch]]
** ''Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Spokane Branch (closed 1938)''

The New York Federal Reserve district is the largest by asset value. San Francisco, followed by Kansas City and Minneapolis, represent the largest geographical districts. [[Missouri]] is the only state to have two Federal Reserve Banks (Kansas City and St. Louis). California, Florida, [[Missouri]], [[Ohio]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[Tennessee]], and [[Texas]] are the only states which have two or more Federal Reserve Bank branches seated within their states, with Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee having branches of two different districts within the same state. In the 12th District, the Seattle Branch serves Alaska, and the San Francisco Bank serves Hawaii. New York, Richmond, and San Francisco are the only banks that oversee non-[[U.S. state]] territories. The System serves these territories as follows: the New York Bank serves the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands; the Richmond Bank serves the District of Columbia; the San Francisco Bank serves American Samoa, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. The Board of Governors last revised the branch boundaries of the System in February 1996.<ref name="federalreserve2005" />

===Assets===
{{Table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable col2right"
|-
! scope="col" | Federal Reserve Bank
! scope="col" | Total assets<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h41/20231228/ |title=Factors Affecting Reserve Balances|date=December 28, 2023|publisher=federalreserve.gov |access-date=March 3, 2024}}</ref> in billions USD
|-
| [[Federal Reserve Bank of New York|New York City]] || 4,155
|-
| [[Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco|San Francisco]] || 820
|-
| [[Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond|Richmond]]|| 651
|-
| [[Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta|Atlanta]]|| 493
|-
| [[Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago|Chicago]] || 411
|-
| [[Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas|Dallas]] || 336
|-
| [[Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland|Cleveland]] || 288
|-
| [[Federal Reserve Bank of Boston|Boston]] || 183
|-
| [[Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis|St. Louis]]|| 114
|-
| [[Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia|Philadelphia]] || 111
|-
| [[Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City|Kansas City]]|| 96
|-
| [[Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis|Minneapolis]] || 54
|-
! style="text-align: left;" | All banks
! style="text-align: right;" | 7713
|}

== List of current presidents and CEOs of Federal Reserve Banks ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Federal Reserve Bank
! Commonly known as
! Incumbent president & CEO
! Status
|-
|[[Federal Reserve Bank of New York|New York City]]
|New York Fed
|[[John C. Williams (economist)|John Williams]]
|'''Vice Chairman, [[Federal Open Market Committee]] (FOMC)'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Fed - Federal Open Market Committee |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/fomc.htm |access-date=June 16, 2022 |website=Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System |language=en}}</ref> 
'''Permanent FOMC Member'''
|-
|[[Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco|San Francisco]]
|San Francisco Fed
|[[Mary C. Daly]]
|''2023 FOMC Alternate Member''<br />2024 FOMC Member
|-
|[[Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta|Atlanta]]
|Atlanta Fed
|[[Raphael Bostic]]
|''2023 FOMC Alternate Member''<br />2024 FOMC Member
|-
|[[Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond|Richmond]]
|Richmond Fed
|[[Thomas Barkin]]
|''2023 FOMC Alternate Member''<br />2024 FOMC Member
|-
|[[Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago|Chicago]]
|Chicago Fed
|[[Austan Goolsbee]]
|''2022 FOMC Alternate Member''<br />2023 FOMC Member<br />''2024 FOMC Alternate Member''<br />2025 FOMC Member
|-
|[[Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas|Dallas]]
|Dallas Fed
|[[Lorie K. Logan]]
|''2022 FOMC Alternate Member''<br />2023 FOMC Member
|-
|[[Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland|Cleveland]]
|Cleveland Fed
|[[Beth M. Hammack]]
|2024 FOMC Member<br />''2025 FOMC Alternate Member''
|-
|[[Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia|Philadelphia]]
|Philly Fed
|[[Patrick T. Harker|Patrick Harker]]
|''2022 FOMC Alternate Member''<br />2023 FOMC Member
|-
|[[Federal Reserve Bank of Boston|Boston]]
|Boston Fed
|[[Susan M. Collins (economist)|Susan M. Collins]]
|''2024 FOMC Alternate Member''<br />2025 FOMC Member
|-
|[[Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis|St. Louis]]
|St. Louis Fed
|[[Alberto Musalem|Alberto G. Musalem]]
|''2024 FOMC Alternate Member''<br />2025 FOMC Member
|-
|[[Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City|Kansas City]]
|Kansas City Fed
|[[Jeffrey R. Schmid]]
|2022 FOMC Member<br />''2024 FOMC Alternate Member''<br />2025 FOMC Member
|-
|[[Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis|Minneapolis]]
|Minneapolis Fed
|[[Neel Kashkari]]
|''2022 FOMC Alternate Member''<br />2023 FOMC Member
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Banks|Business and economics}}
* [[Chair of the Federal Reserve]]
* [[Criticism of the Federal Reserve]]
* [[Federal funds rate]]
* [[Federal Reserve Act]]
* [[List of Federal Reserve branches]]
* [[List of regions of the United States#Federal Reserve Banks]]

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== General and cited sources ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |date=May 1914 |title=The March of Events: The Federal Reserve Districts |journal=[[World's Work|The World's Work: A History of Our Time]] |volume=XLIV |issue=1 |pages=10–11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zegeQtMn9JsC&pg=PA10 |quote=The first new piece of machinery for the new currency system is now provided. |last1=Page |first1=Walter Hines |last2=Page |first2=Arthur Wilson |access-date=August 4, 2009 }}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Federal Reserve}}
{{Collier's poster|Banks, Federal Reserve|Federal Reserve Bank}}
* [http://www.federalreserve.gov/OTHERFRB.HTM The Twelve Federal Reserve Districts ]
* [http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/rptcongress/default.htm#arprev Federal Reserve Board Annual Reports]

{{Federal Reserve System}}
{{Federal Reserve Banks}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Federal Reserve Banks| ]]
[[Category:Federal Reserve System]]