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{{Infobox automobile
| name = Ferrari 328 GTB & GTS
| image = Ferrari 328 GTS - Flickr - Alexandre Prévot (4) (cropped).jpg
| manufacturer = [[Ferrari]]
| aka = 
| model_years = 1986–1989
| production = 1985–1989<br>7,412 produced
| assembly = Italy: [[Maranello]]
| predecessor = [[Ferrari 308 GTB|Ferrari 308 QV]]
| successor = [[Ferrari 348]]
| class = [[Sports car]] ([[S-segment|S]])
| body_style = [[Berlinetta]] (GTB)<br/>[[Targa top|Spider / targa]] (GTS)
| layout = [[Transverse engine|Transverse]], [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
| platform = 
| engine = 3.2&nbsp;L ''[[Ferrari Dino engine#3.2|Tipo F105CB]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]]
| transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2350|mm|in|1}}
| length = {{cvt|4255|mm|in|1}}
| width = {{cvt|1730|mm|in|1}}
| height = {{cvt|1128|mm|in|1}}
| weight = {{cvt|1263|kg|lb|0}}
| related = [[Ferrari Mondial|Ferrari 3.2 Mondial]]<br/>[[Ferrari 308 GTB#208 GTB/GTS|Ferrari 208 GTB & GTS]]
| designer = [[Leonardo Fioravanti (engineer)|Leonardo Fioravanti]] at [[Pininfarina]]
| sp = us
}}

The '''Ferrari 328 GTB''' and '''GTS''' (Type F106) are [[Mid-engine design|mid-engine]] [[V8 engine|V8]], two-seat [[sports car]]s created by Italian automobile manufacturer [[Ferrari]]. It was the successor to the [[Ferrari 308 GTB|Ferrari 308 GTB and GTS]]. While mechanically still based on the 308, modifications were made to the body, chassis, and engine, most notably an increase in engine displacement to 3.2&nbsp;L for increased power and torque output. The 328 is still considered by some enthusiasts to be one of the most reliable and functional Ferraris; unlike other models, much of its maintenance can be performed without lowering the engine from the vehicle.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.forbes.com/2002/09/03/0902vow.html |title=An '80s Ferrari Icon|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=2008-01-31}}</ref> In 1989, the 328 was succeeded by the [[Ferrari 348|348]].

"GTB" refers to the [[Grand tourer|Gran Turismo]] [[Berlinetta]] ([[coupé]]) (fixed roof) body while "GTS" signifies a Gran Turismo [[Roadster (automobile)|Spider]] ([[targa top]]).

The "328" numbers in the model title referred to the total cubic capacity of the engine, 3.2 litres, and 8 for the number of cylinders. The new model was introduced at the 1985 [[Frankfurt Auto Show|Frankfurt Salon]] alongside the [[Ferrari Mondial|Mondial 3.2]] series.

==Overview==
[[File:Scusii.jpg|thumb|left|1987 328 GTS, with original concave wheel design.]]
[[File:Ferrari 328 GTB - Flickr - Alexandre Prévot (crop2).jpg|thumb|left|1989 328 GTB, equipped with ABS and convex wheel design.]]
[[File:Paris - RM Sotheby’s 2016 - Ferrari 328 GTS - 1988 - 006.jpg|left|thumb|1988 328 GTS interior]]
The 308 and 328 are considered a family of Ferrari road cars as they share similar (but not identical) body designs and appearances, chassis, and engine designs. Essentially the new 328 model was a revised and updated version of the 308, which had survived for eight years without any radical change to the overall shape, albeit with various changes to the 3-litre engine.<ref name="past-328-gts">{{cite web|url= http://www.auto.ferrari.com/en_US/sports-cars-models/past-models/328-GTS |title=Ferrari 328 GTS |website=Ferrari N.V |access-date=2019-04-06}}</ref>

The 328 was the final evolution of the [[Transverse engine|transversely]] mid-mounted, conventionally aspirated 90 degree V8 Dino engine.<ref name=Analog>{{cite web|url= https://www.hemmings.com/blog/article/the-last-analog-ferrari-1986-1989-ferrari-328-GTB-GTS |title=The Last Analog Ferrari |publisher=[[Hemmings Motor News|Hemmings]] |access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref> The transversely mounted engine is a popular way to save space on the rear-mid, rear wheel drive layout.

The 328 has been described as one of the most usable classic Ferraris because of its durable road record, history of appreciating value, and classical aesthetics.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cityam.com/258089/buy-classic-car-ferrari-328-gts-sound-investment-and |title=The Ferrari 328 GTS Is a Sound Investment And a Surprising Sensible Classic|date=30 January 2017 |publisher=City A.M.|access-date=2019-04-09}}</ref>

=== Design ===

The original [[Pininfarina]] design was carried over from its predecessor but included subtle changes from the [[Coachbuilder|carrozzeria]]. The effect was both aesthetic and an improvement in overall aerodynamic characteristics. The car's body was still largely built by hand coming from the coachbuilder [[Carrozzeria Scaglietti|Scaglietti]] works.<ref name=Analog />

The revised body presented a softening of the wedge profile of its predecessor, with a redesigned nose that had a more rounded shape, which was complemented by similar treatment to the tail valance panel. The revised nose and tail sections featured body colour bumpers integral with the valance panels, which reflected the work done concurrently with the Mondial 3.2 models, with which they also shared a similar radiator grille and front light assembly layout. Thus all the eight-cylinder cars in the range shared fairly unified front and rear aspects, providing a homogeneous family image. The exhaust air louvres behind the retractable headlight pods on the 308 series disappeared, coupled with an increase in the size of the front lid radiator exhaust air louvre, which had been introduced on the 308 Quattrovalvole models. A new style and position of exterior door catch was also provided.<ref name="past-328-gts" />

The interior trim also received a thorough overhaul, with new designs for the seat panel upholstery and stitching along with revised door panels and pulls. Cockpit switches were completely updated and modernized. The new back lit orange on black dashboard gauges were borrowed from Ferrari's [[Ferrari 288 GTO|1984 GTO supercar]]. The main instrument panel, seen through the anatomical [[Momo (company)|Momo (Morreti-Monza)]] steering wheel, presented the driver with information from the large tachometer and speedometer.<ref name="Conceptcarz">{{cite web|url=https://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z8812/ferrari-328-gts.aspx|title=Conceptcarz.com Ferrari 328|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref>

Optional equipment available was air conditioning, a leather dashboard, leather headlining to the removable roof panel plus rear window surround, metallic paint, Pirelli P7 tyres, and a rear aerofoil (standard on some market models).<ref name="past-328-gts" /><ref name="past-328-gtb">{{cite web|url=http://www.auto.ferrari.com/en_US/sports-cars-models/past-models/328-GTB|title= Ferrari 328 GTB |website=Ferrari N.V |access-date=2019-04-09}}</ref>

One minor problem was the design of the oil hose from the lower part of the engine to the oil cooler. This proved to be too short. The hose, being under constant pressure along with the motion of the running engine, would eventually separate from the oil cooler. The separation would in time cause the oil cooler to crack. One fix was to connect the oil hoses for the oil cooler (to and from the engine) "up side down". This configuration provided more slack for the lower hose (itself now connected to the top of the oil cooler).

=== 1988 Update ===

[[File:1988.5 Ferrari 328 GTS.jpg|thumb|1988.5 update Ferrari 328 GTS]]
Ferrari gave the 328 its only major mechanical update late in the 1988 model year, an [[anti-lock braking system]] (ABS).<ref name=Analog /> This necessitated a redesign of the suspension geometry to provide negative offset. The overall upgrade required the incorporation of convex hub 16-inch alloy wheels replacing the previous concave versions. Thus the original flat spoke "star" wheels became a convex design, in the style as fitted to the 3.2 Mondial models. The update began with chassis number 76626 (February 1988) and the improved suspension and convex wheels were used whether the car was fitted with ABS or not. In Europe, ABS was an option for all mid-1988 and 1989 models. In the US, mid-1988 models did not have ABS while all MY 1989's did.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.308-328.com/history.html|title= Ferrari 308/328 Registry|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref> The mid-1988 models are often referred to as MY 1988 1/2. The wheel changes are a visual differentiator for the later models. In 1988 and 1989, the side view door mirrors also wore small Cavallino Rampante emblems.<ref name=Analog />

=== Production ===

The 328 model remained in production for four years (1985 to 1989). By the time it was replaced by the [[Ferrari 348|348]] in the autumn of 1989, a total of 7,412 vehicles had been made. GTS production totaled 6,068 vehicles in the chassis number range of 59301 to 83136.<ref name="past-328-gts" /> GTS production outnumbered the GTB version almost five to one. GTB production totaled 1,344 vehicles in the chassis range of 58735 to 83017.<ref name="past-328-gtb" /> The early part of each series were numbered in the Ferrari odd number road car chassis sequence, and later examples (post chassis number 75000) in the continuous number sequence.<ref name="past-328-gts" /><ref name="past-328-gtb" />

=== History ===

The 308/328 family was, at the time, one of the most commercially successful for Ferrari with nearly 20,000 produced.

The very first developmental prototype for the 328 model was manufactured in the summer of 1984. Chassis number 49543 was certified, road-registered and extensively tested through the spring of 1985. Interestingly, the original prototype was manufactured as a full soft top cabriolet convertible.<ref name="Family History">{{cite web|url=http://www.308-328.com/indexen.html|title= Ferrari 308/328 Family History|access-date=2019-06-14}}</ref>

The story is that while the technical departments were pleased with the performance of the prototype, the marketing influence feared that as a convertible, it would compete with the [[Ferrari Mondial|Mondial Cabriolet]] model. It was subsequently produced, like its predecessor, only in Berlinetta (GTB - coupe) and removable hard top Spider (GTS - targa) variants. As of 2018, cabriolet chassis number 49543 was still in existence and registered for road use in Italy.<ref name="Family History" />

The last production year for the 328 GTB/GTS was September 1988 to Sept/Oct 1989 (model year 1989). 1338 total vehicles were manufactured that year. With Enzo Ferrari's death in August 1988, many of these last cars were purchased either as a tribute or with speculation in mind. Decades later, it is still not unheard of to occasionally find a 328 for sale from the last production year that was never registered for road use.<ref name="Family History" /> 1,344 GTBs and 6,068 GTSs were produced in total.

== Specifications ==

=== Engine ===

[[File:Ferrari 328 Transverse Engine F105C.jpg|thumb|Ferrari 328 Transverse Engine F105CB]]

The 328 uses the [[Ferrari Dino engine]] produced from the late 1950s to the early 2000s. It is a very similar engine design as that used in the 308 Quattrovalvole model. It has a naturally aspirated 3.2-litre (3185 cc), 4-valve-per-cylinder (quattro valvole), transverse mounted, rear mid-engine V8 layout (Tipo F105 CB 000). It has a bore and stroke of 83&nbsp;mm (3.3&nbsp;in) x 73.6&nbsp;mm (2.9&nbsp;in). The engine retained the Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection system of its predecessor, but was fitted with a Marelli MED 806 A electronic ignition system. It produces {{cvt|270|PS|kW hp|0}} and {{cvt|304|Nm|lbft|0}} of torque. Its top speed is {{cvt|166|mi/h|km/h|0}} and reaches {{cvt|60|mi/h|km/h}} in 5.5 seconds and {{cvt|100|mi/h|km/h|0}} in 13.0 seconds. As with the preceding 308 models the engine was mounted in unit with the all synchromesh five-speed [[manual transmission]] assembly, which was below and to the rear of the engine's wet sump. The manual gear shifter was the traditional Ferrari gated design.

=== Chassis ===
The 328's chassis designation is '''F106 AS''' (or '''AB''') '''/ R''' (or '''PB'''). The AS or AB difference is Spider vs. Berlinetta. The R or PB difference is R = before mid-1988; and PB = after mid-1988. The main European market chassis designation is F106 MS (or MB) 100.<ref name="past-328-gts" /><ref name="past-328-gtb"/>

The 328's frame is constructed of oval-shaped tubular steel giving it race car rigidity without significant weight penalty.<ref name="Conceptcarz" /> The body is formed largely from steel with an aluminium front hood and a fiberglass sandwiched steel floorpan. The adaption of galvanized steel was a key improvement from previous models which drastically retarded corrosion. The exterior and structural design substantially reduced the cars weight compared to its predecessor.<ref name="past-328-gts" /><ref name="Conceptcarz" />

The front and rear independent suspension is based on the traditional unequal length double wishbone design. It included coil springs and hydraulic telescopic Koni shock absorbers. It featured front and rear anti roll bars. The brakes were large vented discs with twin-piston calipers actuated, as on the 308, by a hydraulic system offering security through redundancy. The anti-lock braking system was a late model addition with updated suspension geometry to further reduce squat and dive. The steering is unassisted rack and pinion slightly quicker than its predecessor at 3.25 turns, lock to lock.<ref name="past-328-gts" /><ref name="past-328-gtb"/>

=== Performance ===
For the 328 GTB:{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

* 0–60&nbsp;mph 5.5 seconds approx.
* Top speed {{cvt|166|mi/h|km/h|0}}

For the 328 GTS:

* 0–60&nbsp;mph 5.9 seconds
* Top speed {{cvt|163|mi/h|km/h|0}}

=={{anchor|Turbo}}GTB/GTS Turbo==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Ferrari GTB Turbo

| image = Ferrari GTS Turbo Legend Cars 2015 01.jpg
| caption = 1987 Ferrari GTS Turbo
| manufacturer = [[Ferrari]]
| aka = 
| production = 1986–1989<br>1,136 produced
| model_years = 
| assembly = 
| designer = [[Nicola Materazzi]] (engine Chief Engineer)
| class = 
| body_style = [[Berlinetta]]<br />[[Targa top|Targa]]
| layout = [[Transverse engine|Transverse]] [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
| platform = 
| related = 
| engine = 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Ferrari Dino engine#V8|Tipo F106 N]]'' [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] [[V8 engine|V8]]
| transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
| weight = {{cvt|1265|-|1275|kg|lb|0}} (dry)<ref name="ferrari gtb t" /><ref name="ferrari gts t">{{cite web |url= http://auto.ferrari.com/en_en/sports-cars-models/past-models/gts-turbo/ |title=GTS Turbo |website=ferrari.com, Past models |access-date=27 December 2014}}</ref>
| predecessor = [[Ferrari 308 GTB/GTS#208 GTB/GTS|Ferrari 208 GTB/GTS Turbo]]
| successor = None
| sp = uk
}}
In 1986, Ferrari launched a two-litre, [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] and [[Intercooler|intercooled]] variant of the 328, designated simply '''GTB Turbo''' and '''GTS Turbo'''—replacing the previous 308-based, non-intercooled, [[Ferrari 308 GTB/GTS#208 GTB/GTS|Ferrari 208 GTB/GTS Turbo]]. This version was developed specifically for the domestic Italian market, where cars with a displacement of over 2-litre like the 328 were subject to a 38% [[value added tax]], up from the normal 18%.<ref name="qr turbo" />

The turbocharged ''[[Ferrari Dino engine#V8|Tipo F106 N 000]]''<ref name="ferrari gtb t" /> V8 was evolved from the 208 Turbo's engine, chiefly by adding an intercooler and adopting a new turbocharger. The development of the complete powertrain was carried out by [[Nicola Materazzi]] who had extensive experience in turbocharging from the [[Lancia Stratos]] GR5, the [[Ferrari 126C]] and had been the Chief Engineer for the [[288 GTO]] and GTO Evoluzione (and later the [[Ferrari F40]]). Displacement was unchanged, at 1991&nbsp;cc with a bore and stroke of {{cvt|66.8|x|71|mm|in|1}} but the cylinders were coated with Cermetal NC21 to lower the friction; usefully the engine was fitted with a detonation (knock) sensor, able to retard the ignition in case of near catastrophic [[pre-ignition]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Mantovani|first=Alberto|title=Ferrari: The Turbo Eight Cylinders (1982-1989)|publisher=Youcanprint|year=2019|isbn=978-88-31639-47-7|edition=2nd|location=Lecce, Italy|pages=149}}</ref> There were four [[overhead camshaft]]s driving two valves per cylinder; [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] [[Jetronic|K-Jetronic]] mechanical [[fuel injection]] was carried over from the 208. Whereas 208 Turbos had used a [[Kühnle, Kopp & Kausch|KKK]] turbocharger, these new 328-based cars used a water-cooled [[IHI Corporation|IHI]] unit running at {{cvt|1.05|bar|psi|lk=on}} of boost.<ref name="qr turbo">{{cite journal |title=Ferrari "328" e "208": normale o turbo? |journal=[[Quattroruote]] |date=June 1986 |language=it |number=368}}</ref> Charge air was cooled by a Behr air-to-air intercooler mounted on top of the engine. Output was {{cvt|254|PS|kW bhp|0|lk=on}} at 6,500&nbsp;rpm and {{cvt|328|Nm|lbft|0}} at 4,100&nbsp;rpm;<ref name="ferrari gtb t" /><ref name="qr turbo" /> maximum torque was reached at engine speeds 700&nbsp;rpm lower than on the 208 Turbo, making the engine more flexible. The change of turbocharger manufacturer and the addition of the intercooler were design decisions taken from Materazzi's experience with the 288 GTO where the IHI turbochargers had proven to give the best transient response. IHI materials and compressor/turbine geometry was then more advanced than that of KKK. The water-cooling of the turbocharger as well as the lower combustion temperatures afforded by the cooler intake air allow the car to be used harder and more reliably. The car could have produced significantly more power but for commercial reasons Ferrari management decided to keep it below the 270 PS of the naturally aspirated 328.
<ref name="NM_whichcar">{{cite web|url=https://www.whichcar.com.au/features/mr-f40-nicola-materazzi|title=We sit down with the man who engineered the Ferrari F40 and 288 GTO|first=Massimo|last=Delbo|publisher=WhichCar|access-date=30 December 2019|archive-date=10 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210153545/https://www.whichcar.com.au/features/mr-f40-nicola-materazzi|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Ferrari GTB Turbo in Rosso Corsa, rear left (New Canaan).jpg|thumb|left|Ferrari GTB Turbo, rear view. Note ventilation slots in rear bumper and NACA duct behind the door.]]
Other than the engine, differences between the two-litre Turbo and the regular 328 were minimal. Accommodating the top-mounted intercooler required a redesigned engine cover, as well as ducting and [[NACA duct|NACA intakes]] (positioned just forwards of each rear wheel arch) to feed it with fresh air. The rear bumper sported five ventilation holes. A black roof spoiler, optional on the 328, was standard; inside a boost pressure gauge was added to the instrument cluster. The gearlever shows numbers in red instead of white colour.

According to the manufacturer top speed was {{cvt|253|km/h|mi/h}} and {{cvt|0|-|100|km/h|mi/h}} took 6.3&nbsp;seconds.<ref name="ferrari gtb t" /> In June 1986 Italian automobile magazine ''[[Quattroruote]]'' published a comparison test between a 328 GTS and a GTS Turbo. Despite the differences between the former's more powerful 32-valve [[Naturally aspirated engine|atmospheric]] engine and the latter's torquier but peakier turbocharged 16-valve engine, performance was found to be quite similar in both acceleration and top speed. The Turbo accelerated from 0 to 100&nbsp;km/h in 6.6&nbsp;seconds (a tenth of a second behind the 328) and covered the standing kilometre in 24.6&nbsp;seconds, two tenths behind the 328.<ref name="qr turbo" /> ''Quattroruote'' recorded a top speed of {{cvt|251|km/h|mi/h}}.<ref name="qr turbo" />

During the production period between 1986 and 1989, Ferrari made a total of 308 GTB Turbos<ref name="ferrari gtb t">{{cite web |url= http://auto.ferrari.com/en_en/sports-cars-models/past-models/gtb-turbo/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150116010700/http://auto.ferrari.com/en_en/sports-cars-models/past-models/gtb-turbo/ | title=GTB Turbo |website=ferrari.com, Past models |archive-date = 2015-01-16 }}</ref> and 828 GTS Turbos.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Foskett |first=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3giMBgAAQBAJ&dq=ferrari+gts+turbo+total+production+828&pg=PT298 |title=Ferrari 308, 328 and 348: The Complete Story |date=2015-01-26 |publisher=Crowood |isbn=978-1-84797-886-8 |language=en}}</ref>

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== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120224014712/http://www.ferrari.com/English/GT_Sport%20Cars/Classiche/All_Models/Pages/Article_328_GTS.aspx ferrari.com/328 GTS (1985)]
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{{commons category multiple|Ferrari 328|Ferrari GTB/GTS Turbo}}

{{Ferrari car timeline 1970s-1990s}}
{{Ferrari}}

[[Category:Ferrari vehicles|328]]
[[Category:Sports cars]]
[[Category:Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1985]]
[[Category:Cars discontinued in 1989]]