View source for Ferrari Mondial

{{Infobox automobile
| name = Ferrari Mondial
| image = Ferrari-Mondial-3.2-side.jpg
| manufacturer = [[Ferrari]]
| production = '''Mondial 8''': 1980&ndash;1982<br>703 produced<br>'''Mondial qv''': 1983&ndash;1985<br>1,145 (coupé) produced<br>629 (cabriolet) produced<br>'''Mondial 3.2''': 1986&ndash;1988<br>987 (coupé) produced<br>810 (cabriolet) produced<br>'''Mondial t''': 1988&ndash;1993<br>858 (coupé) produced<br>1,017 (cabriolet) produced
| assembly = Italy: [[Modena]]
| designer = {{ubl|[[Pininfarina]]:|Pierangelo Andreani (1976)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.andreanidesign.com/pierangelo-andreani/|title=Pierangelo Andreani|website=andreanidesign.com|access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref>|[[Leonardo Fioravanti (engineer)|Leonardo Fioravanti]]}}
| class = [[Grand tourer]]
| body_style = 2+2 [[coupé]]<br>2+2 [[Cabriolet (automobile)|cabriolet]]
| related = [[Ferrari 308 GTB|Ferrari 308 GTB & GTS]]<br>[[Ferrari 328]]<br>[[Ferrari 348]]
| predecessor = [[Ferrari GT4|Ferrari 208/308 GT4]]
}}
{{For|the 1954 Ferrari 500 Mondial sports racing car|Ferrari Monza#500 Mondial {{!}} Ferrari Monza}}
The '''Ferrari Mondial''' (Type F108) is a [[mid-engined]], [[V8 engine|V8]], [[grand tourer]] manufactured and marketed by [[Ferrari]] between 1980 and 1993 – with styling by [[Pininfarina]] and bodywork by [[Carrozzeria Scaglietti]].

Offered as either a [[2+2 (car body style)|2+2]] [[coupé]] or [[Cabriolet (automobile)|cabriolet]], the Mondial has the slightly higher roofline, greater dimensions and increased weight to accommodate occasional rear seating for children or small adults.<ref name="Bluemel1">{{cite book| last = Bluemel | first = Keith|title=Original Ferrari V8. The Restorer's Guide to all models 1974–94|date=1997|publisher=Bay View Books, MBI Publishing|location=Devon, England|isbn=1-870979-78-8}}</ref>

The Mondial replaced the [[Ferrari GT4|Ferrari 308/208 GT4]] coupé and remains the last V8, [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|rear mid-engined]], 2+2 Ferrari.

The name ''Mondial'', French for ''global'', reflected its worldwide conformance with 1980 safety and emission standards &mdash; as well as the company's prominent motor racing victories. Ferrari had used the nameplate in the 1950s to celebrate [[Formula 1 World Championship]]s and again in the 1970s to mark its [[Formula 1 World Championship|Formula 1 World Constructors Championship]]s.

==Design==
The Mondial uses a [[rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|rear mid-engine]], in [[2+2 (car body style)|2+2]] 2-door coupé or 2+2 convertible bodystyles. It was marketed concurrently with Ferrari's two-seater [[Ferrari 308 GTB/GTS|308 GTB/GTS]], [[Ferrari 328|328]], and [[Ferrari 348|348]] sports cars, sharing the major mechanical systems with the two-seater model Ferrari marketed concurrently.<ref name="Ferrari-8">{{cite web|title=Past Models – Ferrari Mondial 8|url=https://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/sports-cars-models/past-models/mondial-8/|website=auto.ferrari.com|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="Ferrari-QV">{{cite web|title=Past Models – Ferrari Mondial Quattrovalvole|url=https://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/sports-cars-models/past-models/mondial-quattrovalvole/|website=auto.ferrari.com|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="Ferrari-3.2">{{cite web|title=Past Models – Ferrari Mondial 3.2|url=https://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/sports-cars-models/past-models/3-2-mondial/|website=auto.ferrari.com|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="Ferrari-T">{{cite web|title=Past Models – Ferrari Mondial T|url=https://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/sports-cars-models/past-models/mondial-t/|website=auto.ferrari.com|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref>

Unlike its [[Ferrari GT4|308 GT4]] predecessor which was styled by the Italian [[Gruppo Bertone]], the original Mondial 8 was designed by Pierangelo Andreani who just started working at [[Pininfarina]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.beneteau.com/en/designer-architecte/andreani-design|title=Andreani Design|website=beneteau.com|access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref> with subsequent iterations redesigned by [[Leonardo Fioravanti (engineer)|Leonardo Fioravanti]], the designer with whom Ferrari had worked closely since 1951.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|58}}

===Chassis and body===

Pininfarina's bodywork was manufactured by [[coachbuilder]] [[Carrozzeria Scaglietti]]. It used outer body panels fitted to a separate [[Space frame#Cars|space-frame]] [[Vehicle frame|chassis]] of tubular box or oval-shaped steel sections. While most body panels are steel, the front lid and rear engine cover of the Mondial 8 and QV models are aluminium.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|64}}<ref name="Ferrari-8"/> Full-width aluminium [[Louver|louvre]] panels across the front lid and engine cover provide airflow through the front-mounted [[Radiator (engine cooling)|radiators]] and engine bay.

Louvre grilles are located on each side of the vehicle just ahead of the rear wheels providing intake air to the engine on the right and on the left, providing air to an external oil cooler located ahead of the rear wheel arch.<ref name="Ferrari-8"/> Louvres in the front polished aluminium grille provide airflow to the main radiator, supplied with coolant via alloy tubing running through the central chassis spine. A full-width black louvre panel is located below the rear bumper, accommodating an exhaust outlet to each side. Front and rear bumpers are black plastic on the Mondial 8 and QV, while the 3.2 and "t" models use integrated wrap-around [[glass-fibre]] panels finished in body colour.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|58,59}}

The Mondial chassis features detachable sub-frames holding major mechanical assemblies, including one at the rear supporting the engine/transmission/rear suspension assembly, to simplify engine service compared to previous V8 Ferraris.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|60}}<ref name="Ferrari-8"/>

A forward-hinged lid covers a front compartment accommodating the spare tyre, radiators and cooling fans, battery (ahead of a wheel arch), heating and cooling systems electric control systems. At the rear, a full-width, insulated and trimmed luggage boot with a gas-strut-supported lid sits behind the engine bay.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|73, 74}} Electrically actuated pop-up headlights contain twin round lamps in each for all 8, QV and 3.2 models, and a single [[Headlamp#Reflector optics|homofocal]] rectangular unit each side of the Mondial t.<ref name="Ferrari-T"/>

U.S. market models feature rectangular side [[Automotive lighting#Turn signals|turn-indicator]] lamps, front and rear.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|60}}

===Engine===

[[File:Ferrari-Mondial-3.2-engine.jpg|thumb|Mondial 3.2 engine bay]]
All Mondials are fitted with a V8 engine deriving from Ferrari's original {{cvt|2.9|L|cuin}} V8 powerplant released in the 1974 Ferrari (Dino) 308 GT4.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|16, 49–54}}

Mondial engines comprise a lightweight alloy V8 [[Cylinder block|block]] with 90° [[V8 engine#V-angle|bank-angle]]; shrink-fit cylinder liners; a five-bearing, [[flat-plane crankshaft]] with paired [[connecting rods]] on each [[Crankpin|journal]]; [[Timing belt (camshaft)|belt-driven]], quad [[overhead camshaft]]s (two per cylinder bank) acting directly on the valves; alloy [[crossflow cylinder head]]s; and a [[Wet sump|wet-sump]] lubrication system (excepting the Mondial t, which used a [[Dry sump|dry-sump]] system).<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|25–27, 49–54, 74}}<ref name="Ferrari-T"/> Engine displacement started at {{cvt|2.9|L|cuin}} for the Mondial 8 and QV models, increasing to {{cvt|3.2|L|cuin}} for the Mondial 3.2, and culminating in {{cvt|3.4|L|cuin}} for the Mondial t model. The orientation of the 3.4 V8 engine block is unique in ''Mondial t'' models. Mirroring the two-seater Ferrari V8 vehicles, all 3.0 and 3.2 L engines sit across the car with their crankshaft and [[Cylinder bank|cylinder planes]] [[Transverse engine|transverse]] to the main vehicle axis. The 3.4 L engine in the ''Mondial t'' (and 348 GTB cousin) is rotated ninety degrees to a [[Longitudinal engine|longitudinal]] orientation with respect to the car.<ref name="Ferrari-T"/>

In the Mondial 8 the V8 employs two valves-per-cylinder, and this increases to [[Multi-valve|four valves-per-cylinder]] for the ''Quattrovalvole'' QV and all later models.<ref name="Ferrari-QV"/> All models feature a cast-alloy intake housing nestled centrally above the engine "vee" with [[Inlet manifold|manifold tubing]] running directly to each cylinder. Marelli [[Ignition system#Electronic systems|electronic ignition]] is used on all vehicles with the exception of the Mondial t, and comprises twin [[Ignition coil|coils]], a separate [[distributor]] run off each bank of cylinders, and a common [[Electronic Control Unit ECU|electronic control module]]. Again excepting the ''Mondial t'', fuel metering is via [[Jetronic|Bosch K Jetronic]] continuous [[fuel injection]] with ''[[Oxygen sensor|lambda]]'' exhaust sensing.<ref name="Ferrari-3.2"/> For the Mondial t, a Bosch Motronic 2.5 or 2.7 [[Electronic engine management system|engine management system]] controls both the ignition and fuel metering functions.<ref name="Ferrari-T"/> Exhaust gases on all models are collected via [[4-2-1 engine exhaust systems|4-2-1 systems]] fitted to the outside of each cylinder bank, flowing through a one or two [[catalytic converter]]s to twin outlets each side of the rear panel.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|74}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" 
|+ Ferrari Mondial V8 engine specifications
|- style="text-align: center;"
! scope="col" |Engine code
! scope="col" |Volume
! scope="col" |Bore
! scope="col" |Stroke
! scope="col" |Power*
! scope="col" |Torque*
! scope="col" |Comp ratio
! scope="col" |Max rpm
! scope="col" |Years
! scope="col" |Vehicle model
!0-60 mph (0-97 km/h)
!Source
|-
|style="text-align: left;" |F106B
|{{cvt|2926|cc|cuin}}
|{{cvt|81|mm|in|2}}
|{{cvt|71|mm|in|2}}
|{{cvt|214|hp-metric|kW|0|disp=flip}} at 6600&nbsp;rpm
|{{cvt|243|Nm|lbft|0}} at 4600&nbsp;rpm
|8.8:1
|7700
|1980–82
|style="text-align: left;" |Mondial 8
|8.2 sec
|''[[Motor Trend]]'' 1981<ref>{{Cite magazine|magazine=[[Motor Trend]]|date=November 1981|title=Finally. See the USA in your new Ferrari Mondial|first=Tony|last=Swan|pages=79–86}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align: left;" |F105A
|{{cvt|2926|cc|cuin}}
|{{cvt|81|mm|in|2}}
|{{cvt|71|mm|in|2}}
|{{cvt|240|hp-metric|kW|0|disp=flip}} at 6800&nbsp;rpm
|{{cvt|255|Nm|lbft|0}} at 5500&nbsp;rpm
|8.6:1
|7700
|1982–85
|style="text-align: left;" |Mondial QV
|6.4 sec
|[[Motor (Australian magazine)|''Motor'']] 1982<ref>{{Cite magazine|magazine=[[Motor (Australian magazine)|Motor]]|title=Silver Dream Machine|date=October 1982|first=Jeremy|last=Sinek|pages=177–179}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align: left;" |F105C
|{{cvt|3185|cc|cuin}}
|{{cvt|83|mm|in|2}}
|{{cvt|73.6|mm|in|2}}
|{{cvt|270|hp-metric|kW|0|disp=flip}} at 7000&nbsp;rpm
|{{cvt|304|Nm|lbft|0}} at 5500&nbsp;rpm
|9.8:1
|7700
|1985–89
|style="text-align: left;" |Mondial 3.2
|6.3 sec
|''[[Car and Driver]]'' 1987<ref>{{Cite magazine|first=Don|last=Sherman|date=October 1987|title=Ferrari Mondial 3.2|magazine=[[Car and Driver]]|pages=109–111}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align: left;" |F119D or G
|{{cvt|3405|cc|cuin}}
|{{cvt|85|mm|in|2}}
|{{cvt|75|mm|in|2}}
|{{cvt|300|hp-metric|kW|0|disp=flip}} at 7200&nbsp;rpm
|{{cvt|324|Nm|lbft|0}} at 4200&nbsp;rpm
|10.4:1
|7500
|1989–93
|style="text-align: left;" |Mondial t
|5.6 sec
|[[Autocar (magazine)|''Autocar'']] June 1992<ref>{{Cite magazine|magazine=[[autocar (magazine)|autocar]]|date=22 July 1998|title=Ferrari Moneydial|first=Iain|last=Robertson|pages=65–67}}</ref>
|-
|}
*Power and torque figures quoted are for European versions

===Transmission===

In the Mondial 8, QV, and 3.2 models, the transmission housing is integral with the engine sump casting, albeit with its own oil supply, sitting below and slightly to one side of the main block.<ref name="Ferrari-3.2"/> Drive to the gearbox is via a single-plate, diaphragm-spring clutch and a set of drop-gears located outboard of the left-hand end of the crankshaft, with output torque feeding into a friction-plate [[Limited-slip differential|limited-slip final drive]] unit offset to the rear of the gearbox.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|27–28, 54, 76}}

A five-speed, [[Layshaft#'All-indirect' gearboxes|all-indirect]] [[manual transmission]] using a [[Dog-leg gearbox|"dog-leg"]] selector pattern was the only transmission offered. Instead of the conventional "H" [[Gear stick#Shift pattern|shift pattern]], this arrangement (also known as a "reverse h-gate") has 1st gear situated to the far left and back, behind reverse. This pattern has been popular with racing gearboxes, as it allows quicker, more direct shifts between 2nd and 3rd, and 4th and 5th, gears. The output from the final drive to the rear wheels is via a pair of short, solid [[drive shaft]]s fitted with [[constant-velocity joint]]s at each end to allow for suspension articulation.

For these models, clutch actuation is hydraulic, unlike their two-seater cousins' cable systems, and transmission selection is via a rod which extends through the centre chassis tunnel and passes through the engine sump into the transmission housing.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|76}}

For the Mondial t, the engine and transmission were substantially reconfigured and their orientations rotated by ninety degrees to place the axes of both the engine crankshaft and the transmission input shafts parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal axis. The transmission and final-drive units form a combined [[transaxle]] arrangement fitted to the rear of the engine block, using a design originally derived from [[Ferrari 312T|Ferrari's 312T]] [[Formula 1]] car. Drive from the single-plate clutch enters the gearbox and is turned ninety degrees by [[bevel gear]]s to the main transmission shafts which are aligned transverse to the vehicle. A parallel [[Differential (mechanical device)|crownwheel]] with integral [[Limited-slip differential|limited-slip]] action directs output torque to driveshafts with CV joints at each end. The clutch is hydraulically actuated, and gear selection is via cable operation.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|76}}<ref name="Ferrari-T"/>

in 1991, an "auto-clutch" option became available on the Mondial t, developed by French supplier [[Valeo]]. Essentially, this turned the transmission from a conventional manual into a [[Semi-automatic transmission|clutchless manual]]. This system retained the conventional manual transmission mechanicals but replaced the normal clutch linkage mechanism with an [[Electromechanics|electro-mechanical]] [[actuator]], without a foot-operated clutch pedal. Clutch engagement and disengagement on the Valeo unit is triggered by the movement of the gear-lever, although the [[electronic control unit]] combines data from sources including engine, road-speed, and gear selection to warn against, or over-ride, attempted selections outside the specified operating limits.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|76}}<ref name="Ferrari-T"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vwvortex.com/threads/the-archive-1991-ferrari-mondial-t-with-valeo-automatic-clutch.4519537/ | title=The Archive - 1991 Ferrari Mondial t - with Valeo }}</ref>

===Suspension and running gear===

[[File:Ferrari Mondial Wheels.png|thumb|Mondial '''8''' and '''QV''' wheel (left)<br/>Mondial '''3.2''' and '''t''' wheel (right)]]
Although based on the two-seater vehicle designs, Mondials are slightly larger overall including having appreciably wider front and rear [[Axle track|track]] dimensions.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|38, 60}} Suspension systems are [[Independent suspension|fully independent]] all-round, comprising unequal-length [[Double wishbone suspension|upper and lower wishbones]], coil-over [[Shock absorber|damper]] units and [[anti-roll bar]]s at each end of the vehicle.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|77–78}} Mondial t vehicles include a driver-adjustable selector to set the electronically controlled damper units, providing three choices of [[Ride quality|ride-stiffness]] adjustment.<ref name="Ferrari-T"/>

Steering is a [[rack-and-pinion]] mechanism sitting ahead of the front wheels, unpowered on all 8, QV and 3.2 models. Hydraulic power-assistance was standard on the subsequent Mondial t model. Braking is via four-wheel [[Disc brake|ventilated disks]] with split-circuit vacuum assistance on all vehicles. [[Anti-lock braking]] (ABS) was available as an option in 1987, and it was fitted as standard from 1988.<ref name="Ferrari-T"/>

Wheels on all vehicles are of a five-spoke alloy design in a clear-lacquered finish. Two distinct patterns were used: the Mondial 8 and QV models have wheels with a flat centre and pronounced edges to the five spokes, whereas the 3.2 and t models' wheels have a [[Convex curve|convex]] centre and smoother, angled spokes. All wheels feature a yellow circular centre cap bearing Ferrari's black ''[[Cavallino Rampante]]'' rearing-horse logo.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|78–89}}<ref name="Ferrari-3.2"/>

Mondials until the late 1980s, including all 8 and QV models and many 3.2s, were originally fitted with [[Michelin TRX]] tyres of size 220/55 VR 390 front and 240/55 VR390 rear. TRX tyres require wheels with the proprietary TRX [[Rim (wheel)|rim profile]], meaning all vehicles fitted with such wheels could only utilise TRX-style tyres. Later 3.2 vehicles and the Mondial t reverted to industry-standard wheel designs of size 7x16 front and 8x16 rear, enabling a far wider range of tyre choices to suit the 205/55 VR16 front and 225/55 VR16 rear tyre specifications.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|78–79}}

===Interior===

[[File:Ferrari-Mondial-3.2-interior-rear.jpg|thumb|Ferrari 3.2 Coupe interior]]
The seats and interior of all Mondial variants are fully trimmed in [[Connolly Leather|Connolly hide]] with the exception of the use of black vinyl for the [[dashboard]] top and upper door linings. Paint, upholstery and carpet colours generally match those available on Ferrari's concurrent two-seater models, with the commonest choices being Rosso Corsa or Rosso Dino (reds), Azzurro (blue) and Nero (black), in combination with beige, tan or black leather. All seats including those in the rear are strongly [[Bucket seat|bucket-shaped]], and fitted with [[Seat belt|inertia-reel seatbelts]].<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|66–71}}

A central tunnel for the chassis structure is prominent in both front and rear footwells, and is straddled by a large front [[Center console (automobile)|centre console]] with a polished open-gated gear selector and electronic warning-light panel. Electric windows (the front panes only are opening) and air-conditioning are standard fitments, with their controls on the central console. The [[parking brake|handbrake]] is located outside the driver's seat beside the inner sill, and is a "drop-down" design to assist ingress and egress. A three-spoked leather steering wheel is mounted to a [[steering column]] adjustable for reach and rake, behind which is a "pod-style" instrument binnacle holding six gauges: speedometer, tachometer, fuel level, water temperature, oil pressure and oil temperature. The Mondial instrumentation is completed with a comprehensive set of warning lights and electronic check panels.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|66–73}}

==History==
[[File:Ferrari, Techno-Classica 2018, Essen (IMG 9158) (cropped).jpg|thumb|1981 Ferrari Mondial with its headlights open]]
The Mondial was, at the time, one of Ferrari's most commercially successful models, with over 6,000 examples produced over its thirteen-year run. The Mondial underwent many updates throughout its production with four distinct variants produced: the Mondial 8, Mondial QV, Mondial 3.2, and Mondial t. All but the Mondial 8 were released in both coupé and cabriolet (convertible) body form.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|58–60}}

Starting with the Mondial 8 [[coupé]] launched in 1980, the vehicle which served as sole V8-engined [[Grand Touring]] or "GT" vehicle within the Ferrari range proved to be a disappointment to some Ferrari enthusiasts. With a body that was larger, heavier and less [[Automotive aerodynamics|aerodynamically efficient]] than the equivalent two-seater models, combined with the introduction of tougher [[emission standards]] which significantly dropped power outputs, overall vehicle performance inevitably decreased. In addition, Ferrari responded to new safety requirements, especially in the U.S., with large, black, over-dominant bumpers which were considered to have negatively affected the external design. The fact that the Mondial 8 was a significantly more expensive vehicle than its better-performing two-seater [[Ferrari 308 GTB#GTBi|308 GTBi]] sister somewhat compounded the situation.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|58–60}}<ref name="Ferrari-8"/>

Ferrari acted quickly just two years later in 1982 to address the straight-line performance issues, by upgrading the engine with a new [[Multi-valve|four-valve head]]. This model, the Mondial Quattrovalvole or QV, shared its engine with the contemporary two-seaters [[Ferrari 308 GTB#GTBi and quattrovalvole|308 GTB/GTS QV]]. A new [[cabriolet]] version was also introduced at this time, a body style which would be carried forward through all subsequent Mondial models.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|58–60}}<ref name="Ferrari-QV"/>

The next evolution was the Mondial 3.2 produced from 1985, which saw the engine grow in [[Displacement (engine)|displacement]] and power, and both the internal and external styling significantly refreshed. This car has enjoyed strong popularity within the Mondial range due to it being a good all-round performer and one of the last Ferraris to have the relatively straightforward maintenance provided by the [[Ferrari 328]] engine and transmission configuration.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|58–60}}<ref name="Ferrari-3.2"/>

The final Mondial variant was the Mondial t, released in 1989. This contained some of the biggest changes in the Mondial history, with an even-larger {{cvt|3.4|L|cuin}} engine, a substantial update to the exterior styling and interior [[ergonomics]], and with an entirely new, albeit more complex to service, [[powertrain]]. Overall the Mondial t is considered the best vehicle in the range regarding overall performance and refinement, although it is often noted that this comes at the cost of greater maintenance.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|58–60}}<ref name="Ferrari-T"/>

Production of the Mondial ceased in 1993, with a total of 6,149 vehicles from all variants having been manufactured.<ref name="Bluemel1"/>{{rp|79}}

==Mondial 8==<!-- This section is linked from [[Ferrari]] -->
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Mondial 8
| image = Ferrari Mondial 8 in Vlaams-Brabant.JPG
| production = 1980&ndash;1982
| body_style = 2+2 [[coupe]]
| layout = [[Transverse engine|Transverse]], [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2,650|mm|in|1}}
| length = {{cvt|4,580|mm|in|1}}
| width = {{cvt|1,790|mm|in|1}}
| height = {{cvt|1,250|mm|in|1}}
| weight = {{cvt|1,569|kg|lb|0}}
| engine = 2.9&nbsp;L ''[[Ferrari Dino engine#V8|Tipo F106B]]'' [[fuel injection|FI]] [[V8 engine|V8]]
| transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
}}
The first Mondial iteration introduced as the '''Mondial 8''' at the [[Geneva Auto Salon#1980|1980 Geneva Auto Salon]].<ref name="affordable">{{cite book|last=Bluemel|first=Keith|title=Mondial The Affordable Ferrari?|date=June 2008|publisher=Unique Motor Books | isbn= 978-1-84155-584-3| page= 54}}</ref> It was the first Ferrari to depart from the company's simple 3-digit naming scheme, and some reviews found it relatively mild, compared to other Ferraris, regarding performance, drawing criticism from some in the motoring press.<ref name="affordable" /> It used a [[MR layout|mid/rear-mounted]] [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] [[Jetronic|K-Jetronic]] fuel injection [[V8 engine|V8]], shared with the [[Ferrari 308 GTB#GTBi and quattrovalvole|308 GTBi/GTSi]], mounted [[transverse engine|transversely]]. The engine used in the 1973 [[Ferrari Dino#Dino in 308/208 GT4|''Dino'' 308 GT4]]. The K-Jetronic system is mechanical, with a high-pressure pump which streams fuel continuously to the injectors; it does not have a computer, just a few relays to handle the cold start sequence etc.

The chassis was also based on the [[Ferrari GT4|308 GT4]], but with a {{cvt|100|mm|in|adj=mid|-longer|1}} wheelbase at {{cvt|2650|mm|in|1}}. The suspension was the classic layout of unequal-length [[double wishbone]]s and Koni dampers all around.

[[File:Ferrari Mondial 8 RB.jpg|thumb|left|Rear view of Mondial 8]]
{{clear}}

==Mondial Quattrovalvole==<!-- This section is linked from [[Ferrari]] -->
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Mondial QV (''Quattrovalvole'')
| image = Lancia Motor Club Goodwood Track Day 2010 IMG 9907 - Flickr - tonylanciabeta.jpg
| production = 1982&ndash;1985
| body_style = 2+2 [[coupe]]<br/> 2+2 [[Cabriolet (automobile)|cabriolet]]
| layout = [[Transverse engine|Transverse]], [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
| engine = 2.9&nbsp;L ''[[Ferrari Dino engine#V8|Tipo F105A]]'' [[Multi-valve|32V]] [[V8 engine|V8]]
| transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2,650|mm|in|1}}
| length = {{cvt|4,580|mm|in|1}}
| width = {{cvt|1,790|mm|in|1}}
| height = {{cvt|1,260|mm|in|1}}
| weight = {{cvt|1,555|kg|lb|0}}<br/> {{cvt|1,607|kg|lb|0}} (Cabriolet)
}}
[[File:1983 or 84 Ferrari Mondial qv rear.jpg|thumb|left|Rear view of Mondial Quattrovalvole]]
The first Mondial engine, although a [[DOHC]] design, used just two valves per cylinder. The 1982 '''Quattrovalvole''' or QV introduced a new [[Multi-valve|four-valve]] head; the combustion chamber design purportedly based on the early eighties Formula 1 engine. Again, the engine was shared with the contemporary [[Ferrari 308 GTB#GTBi and quattrovalvole|308 GTB/GTS QV]], and produced {{cvt|240|hp-metric|kW|0}}. Appearance was largely as per the Mondial 8, although with red engine heads and prominent "Quattrovalvole" script at the rear. 1,145 coupés built between 1982 and 1985.

===Mondial QV Cabriolet===<!-- This section is linked from [[Ferrari]] -->
A new '''Cabriolet''' convertible model was added for 1983. The body styling remained the same as the coupé variant, with the roof maintaining the 'buttress' design, though the Cabriolet required the rear seats to be mounted closer together laterally. The introduction of the Cabriolet saw the popularity of the Mondial rise, particularly in the American market, where a convertible option was highly desirable. The Cabriolet has the added distinction of being the only four-seat, [[RMR layout|mid-rear engine]], convertible automobile ever manufactured in [[Production car|regular production]]. 629 units were produced between 1983 and 1985, making this the rarest version of the Mondial.
{{clear}}

==Mondial 3.2==
<!-- This section is linked from [[Ferrari]] -->
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Mondial 3.2
| image = Ferrari-Mondial-3..2-front.jpg
| production = 1985&ndash;1988
| body_style = 2+2 [[coupe]]<br/> 2+2 [[Cabriolet (automobile)|cabriolet]]
| layout = [[Transverse engine|Transverse]], [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2,650|mm|in|1}}
| length = {{cvt|4,535|mm|in|1}}
| width = {{cvt|1,795|mm|in|1}}
| height = {{cvt|1,235|mm|in|1}}<br/>{{cvt|1,265|mm|in|1}} (Cabriolet)
| weight = {{cvt|1,540|kg|lb|0}}<br/> {{cvt|1,607|kg|lb|0}} (Cabriolet)
| engine = 3.2&nbsp;L ''[[Ferrari Dino engine#V8|Tipo F105C]]'' [[Multi-valve|32V]] [[V8 engine|V8]]
| transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
}}
Like the new [[Ferrari 328]], the Mondial's engine grew in both bore and stroke to 3.2&nbsp;L (3,185&nbsp;cc) in 1985. Output was now {{cvt|270|hp-metric|kW|0}}. The Mondial 3.2 was first presented at the 1985 [[Frankfurt Motor Show|Frankfurt Auto Show]] in September that year.<ref name="AR90">{{cite book | ref = AR90 | title = Automobil Revue 1990 | editor-last = Büschi | editor-first = Hans-Ulrich | publisher = Hallwag AG | location = Berne, Switzerland | language = de, fr | page = 262 | volume = 85 |year=1990 | isbn = 3-444-00495-8 }}</ref>

Available in both Coupé and Cabriolet forms, styling refreshed with restyled and body-coloured bumpers, similar to the [[Ferrari 328|328]] with more integrated indicators and driving lamps, and new alloy wheels with a more rounded face. The 3.2 also boasted a major interior update, with a more ergonomic layout and a more rounded instrument binnacle. Later cars, from 1987 onwards, also sported [[Anti-lock braking system|ABS brakes]]. Fuel injection remained the primarily mechanical Bosch K-Jetronic (CIS) with an O<sub>2</sub> sensor in the exhaust providing feedback to a simple computer for mixture trimming via a pulse modulated frequency valve that regulated control fuel pressure. The ignition system was Marelli Microplex, with electronic advance control and one distributor per bank of the [[V8 engine|V8]]. The 1988 Mondial 3.2 would be the final model year that retained the relatively low maintenance costs of the 308/328 drivetrain, allowing major service items like timing belt and clutch replacement performed with the engine/transmission package still in the car.

<gallery widths="200" heights="150">
File:1988 Ferrari Mondial interior.jpg|1988 Mondial 3.2 Coupe interior
File:1988 Ferrari Mondial 3.2 Cabriolet in Red, rear right.jpg|Ferrari Mondial 3.2 Cabriolet, rear view
</gallery>
{{clear}}

==Mondial t==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Mondial t
| image = 1990 Ferrari Mondial t Cabriolet in Blu Chiaro, front left.jpg
| production = 1988&ndash;1993<br>Coupé: 858 (45 RHD)<br>43 Imported to US/Canada <BR>Cabriolet: 1,017 (51 RHD)<br>379 Imported to US
| body_style = 2+2 [[coupé]]<br/> 2+2 [[Cabriolet (automobile)|cabriolet]]
| layout = [[Longitudinal engine|Longitudinal]], [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
| engine = 3.4&nbsp;L ''[[Ferrari Dino engine#V8|Tipo F119D/G]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]]
| transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]<br />5-speed ''Valeo''&nbsp;[[Automated manual transmission|auto-clutch manual]]
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2,650|mm|in|1}}
| length = {{cvt|4,535|mm|in|1}}
| width = {{cvt|1,810|mm|in|1}}
| height = {{cvt|1,235|mm|in|1}}
| weight = {{cvt|1,560|kg|lb|0}}<br/> {{cvt|1,570|kg|lb|0}} (Cabriolet)
| model_years = 1989&ndash;1993
}}

The final Mondial evolution was 1989's '''Mondial t''' (Coupé and Cabriolet). It was a substantially changed model, "spearhead of a new generation of V8 Ferraris", according to ''[[Road & Track]]'' magazine. It was visually different from preceding Mondial models, the most recognizable being the redesign of the air intakes to a smaller rectangular shape. Additionally, the door handles were of a visually different design, as were the front and rear bumpers which became body-colored. New front and rear wings cover wider tracks and are re-profiled to a fuller shape compared to previous models, which feature a rolled lip.

[[File:Ferrari Mondial at Schaffen-Diest 2018.jpg|thumb|left|Mondial t]]
The 't' called attention to the car's new engine/transmission layout: the previously transverse engine mounted [[longitudinal engine|longitudinal]]ly while the gearbox remained transverse, thus forming a 't'. The 't' suffix was also homage to the first use of a transverse transmission by Ferrari in the highly successful [[Ferrari 312T]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/ferrari/1989-ferrari-mondial-t/|title=1989–1993 Ferrari Mondial T Review |website=Top Speed| first = Alina | last = Moore | date=22 September 2009 |language=en|access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> driven by [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|F1 World Champion]] [[Niki Lauda]]. By adopting this layout, a longer engine could be mounted lower in the chassis, improving handling dramatically. The 't' configuration was used by Ferrari's [[Formula One]] cars of the 1980s, and would be the standard for the marque's future mid-engine V8 cars, beginning with the [[Ferrari 348|348]], introduced later in the year. The transverse manual gearbox fitted with a [[Limited Slip Differential]] with a twin-plate clutch design with bevel gears driving the wheels. Later in production, an electromechanical-actuated [[semi-automatic transmission|clutchless manual transmission]], termed ''Valeo'', was available as an option; where the driver would change gear using a traditional H-pattern gearshift, but the clutch was [[Automation|automatically actuated]] through [[Electronics|electronic equipment]], eliminating the need for a manually operated clutch pedal.

The new layout saw the engine and transmission mounted on a removable subframe; the assembly removed from the underside of the vehicle for maintenance. This process is necessary for timing belt replacement, making this a costly procedure for the owner who does not have a lift. On the other hand, the clutch was now located at the very rear of the drive train. This arrangement makes clutch replacement and service a simple, inexpensive, and readily owner-doable proposition.

The engine was up to 3.4&nbsp;L (3405&nbsp;cc) and {{cvt|300|hp-metric|kW|0}}. The engine was controlled by [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] [[Motronic|Motronic DME 2.5]] (later DME 2.7) electronic engine management that integrated [[Fuel injection|EFI]] and ignition control into a single computer unit. Two of these were used in the car: one for each bank of the engine. Engine lubrication upgraded to a dry-sump system.

[[File:1991 Ferrari Mondial t cabriolet dash.jpg|thumb|left|Interior]]
The "t" was home to other Ferrari firsts: It used power-assisted steering for the first time and had a 3-position electronically controlled suspension for a variable tradeoff between ride quality and road holding. It also had a standard [[anti-lock braking system]].

The Mondial t represented the most substantial upgrade to the Mondial model line in performance and handling since its introduction in 1980. The "t" offered greater performance while retaining a mid-engine layout and a practical packaging layout, and was once again, favorably received.

The Mondial's chassis would underpin a new generation of two-seater Ferraris, right up to the [[Ferrari 360]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mondialt.files.wordpress.com/2018/02/autocar0509_large.jpg|title=A week in cars | first = Steve | last = Cropley | magazine = [[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] | date = 2009-05-06 | page = 6 }}</ref> but the 2+2 Mondial would end production just four and a half years later in 1993. However, the "t" layout of the engine and transaxle, adapted from Ferrari's Formula One cars, continues to be used in mid-engine V8 model Ferraris to date, albeit with a more sophisticated chassis.

The company has not produced a mid-engine 2+2 car since then, leaving the 2+2 configuration to the more classic front-engine design starting with the [[Ferrari 456|456]] in 1992. Since then, the [[Ferrari GTC4Lusso|GTC4Lusso]], [[Ferrari Portofino|Portofino]], [[Ferrari Roma|Roma]] have been additional four-seat vehicle offerings – but all of these are front-engined, leaving the Mondial t as the most recent four-seat, mid-engine, Ferrari produced.

{{clear-left}}
===PPG Indy Pace Car===
[[File:1987 Ferrari PPG house.jpg|thumb|left|1987 Ferrari Mondial t Pace car s/n 76390]]
A Mondial t was manufactured exclusively by Ferrari for [[PPG Industries]] to use as a [[safety car|pace car]] for the [[Championship_Auto_Racing_Teams|PPG Indy Car World Series]]. Built under the design of [[Ercole Spada]] at [[I.DE.A Institute]] at a cost of approximately $1 million, it was introduced at the [[1989 IndyCar season|1989]] [[Monterey Grand Prix|Champion Spark Plugs 300]] in [[Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca|Laguna Seca]]. 
{{clear}}

==Legacy==
The Mondial has historically been a target of derision from Ferrari enthusiasts, with many calling it one of the worst Ferraris ever made<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearley Huffman |first=John |date=November 22, 2017 |title=These Are the Worst Ferraris Ever Made |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/features/g15086032/stumbling-horses-these-are-the-worst-ferraris-ever-made/?slide=18 |website=Car and Driver}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Redfern |first=John |date=2017-11-09 |title=The 10 worst Ferraris ever made |url=https://www.retromotor.co.uk/features/worst-ferraris-ever-made/ |access-date=2024-03-03 |website=Retro Motor |language=en-GB}}</ref> due its styling, performance and weight. Some enthusiasts, however, consider the car a future classic due to its low price relative to other classic Ferraris.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://petrolicious.com/is-this-mondial-your-affordable-entry-into-ferrari-ownership|title=Is This Mondial Your Affordable Entry Into Ferrari Ownership? – Petrolicious|last=Golseth|first=Andrew|website=Petrolicious|date=June 2016 |language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref><ref name="http://www.cheatsheet.com/">{{cite web|url=http://www.cheatsheet.com/automobiles/hagertys-10-future-classics-to-buy-right-now.html/?a=viewall |title=Hagerty's 10 Future Classics to Buy Right Now|date=27 August 2017 }}</ref> 

== Production numbers ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan = 2 rowspan = 2 | Model/body !! rowspan = 2 | Production<br>(total) !! colspan = 2 | subtotals !! rowspan = 2 | Years built
|-
! RHD !! US/CDN
|-
! Mondial 8
| Coupé || align=right | '''703''' || 145 || 147 || 1980–1982
|-
! rowspan = "2" | Mondial QV
| Coupé || align=right | '''1145''' || 152 || 69 || 1982–1985
|-
| Cabriolet || align=right | '''629''' || 27 || 282 || 1983–1985
|-
! rowspan = "2" | Mondial 3.2
| Coupé || align=right | '''987''' || 91 || 87 || rowspan = "2" | 1985–1988
|-
| Cabriolet || align=right | '''810''' || 57 || 449
|-
! rowspan = "2" | Mondial t
| Coupé || align=right | '''858''' || 45 || 43 || 1988–1993
|-
| Cabriolet || align=right | '''1017''' || 51 || 379 || 1989–1993
|-
| colspan = 6 |
|-
| Coupé: 3,693 || Cabrio: 2,456 || align=right | '''6,149''' || 568 || 1,456 || 
|}

==References==
{{Commons category|Ferrari Mondial}}
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book|last1=Buckley | first1 = Martin|last2=Rees | first2 = Chris|title=World Encyclopedia of Cars|location=London|publisher=Anness Publishing|year=1998|isbn=1-84038-083-7}}

{{Ferrari car timeline 1970s-1990s}}
{{Ferrari}}

[[Category:Ferrari vehicles|Mondial]]
[[Category:Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:1990s cars]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1980]]
[[Category:Convertibles]]
[[Category:Cars discontinued in 1993]]
[[Category:Ferrari sports cars]]