View source for Fifth Army (Ottoman Empire)

{{Primary sources|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=  Fifth Army
|image=Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H29994, Liman von Sanders mit türkischen Offizieren.jpg
|image_size = 250px
|caption=Headquarters personnel: ''front row, from right to left'': [[Hüseyin Rauf Bey]], [[Vehib Pasha]], [[Otto Liman von Sanders|Sanders Pasha]], [[Mehmet Esat Bülkat|Esat Pasha]], Süleyman Pasha, [[Cevat Çobanlı|Cevat Bey]]?, ''back row, from right to left'': Unnamed, [[İsmet İnönü|İsmet Bey]], (from Second Army), Âsım Bey, [[Erich Prigge]], [[Kâzım Özalp|Kâzım Bey]], Şükrü Bey (from First Army), Refik Münir Bey (from Second Army)
|dates= March 25, 1915 – November 21, 1918<ref name="Nicolle15">David Nicolle, colour plates by Rafaelle Ruggeri, ''The Ottoman Army 1914–18'', Men-at-Arms 269, Ospray Publishing Ltd., 1994, {{ISBN|1-85532-412-1}}, p. 15.</ref>
|country= {{flag|Ottoman Empire}}
|allegiance=
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|type= [[Field Army]]
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|battles=[[Gallipoli campaign]] ([[World War I]])
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|notable_commanders= {{ubl|[[Otto Liman von Sanders]] (March 1915 – 24 February 1918)|[[Mahmut Kamil]] (February 1918)|[[Mehmet Esat Bülkat|Esat Pasha]] (February–June 1918)|[[Mahmut Kamil]] (June–November 1918)}}
}}
{{Campaignbox Gallipoli}}
The '''Fifth Army''' of the [[Ottoman Empire]] or '''Turkish Fifth Army''' was formed on March 24, 1915 and dissolved on November 21, 1918. It was assigned the responsibility of defending the [[Dardanelles]] straits in [[World War I]]. The original commander of the army was the [[Germany|German]] military advisor to the Ottoman Empire, General [[Otto Liman von Sanders]]. The command passed to Vehip Pasha who became responsible for the Helles front while von Sanders still wielded considerable influence.

== Order of battle, April 1915 ==
Structure in late April 1915<ref name="Erickson86">{{cite book |last=Erickson |first=Edward J. |title=Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War |year=2001 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |pages=86 |isbn=0-313-31516-7}}</ref>
* [[III Corps (Ottoman Empire)|III Corps]] ([[Mehmet Esat Bülkat|Esat Pasha]])
** [[7th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|7th Division]], [[9th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|9th Division]], [[19th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|19th Division]] ([[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]])
* [[XV Corps (Ottoman Empire)|XV Corps]] (Colonel [[Hans Kannengiesser]])
** [[3rd Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|3rd Division]], [[11th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|11th Division]]
* [[Dardanelles Fortified Area Command]]
* One aircraft [[squadron (aviation)|squadron]]

When the Allied [[Battle of Gallipoli]], which aimed to seize the Dardanelles, commenced, the Fifth Army comprised the III Corps defending the Gallipoli peninsula and the XV Corps ("Asian Group") defending the Asian shore. The [[5th Division (Ottoman Empire)|5th Division]] was north of the peninsula in the First Army.

== Order of Battle, Late Summer 1915 ==
[[Image:Map of Turkish forces at Gallipoli April 1915.png|thumb|Dispositions of the 5th Army at Gallipoli]]
The number of divisions involved in the defence of the peninsula expanded to ten with an independent infantry regiment and a brigade of cavalry before the [[Battle of Sari Bair]] (August Offensive).<ref name="Erickson109">{{cite book |last=Erickson |first=Edward J. |title=Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War |year=2001 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |pages=109 |isbn=0-313-31516-7}}</ref>
* [[I Corps (Ottoman Empire)|I Corps]]
** [[2nd Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|2nd Division]], [[3rd Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|3rd Division]]
* [[II Corps (Ottoman Empire)|II Corps]]
** [[4th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|4th Division]], [[5th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|5th Division]], [[6th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|6th Division]]
* [[III Corps (Ottoman Empire)|III Corps]]
** [[7th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|7th Division]], [[8th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|8th Division]], [[9th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|9th Division]], [[19th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|19th Division]]
* [[IV Corps (Ottoman Empire)|IV Corps]]
** [[10th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|10th Division]], [[11th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|11th Division]], [[12th Division (Ottoman Empire)|12th Division]]
* [[V Corps (Ottoman Empire)|V Corps]]
** [[13th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|13th Division]], [[14th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|14th Division]], [[15th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|15th Division]]
* [[Dardanelles Fortified Area Command]]
* One aircraft squadron

Three more divisions were in the "Asian Group". The four divisions at Anzac made up the III Corps (6 at Helles, 4 at Anzac) plus additional troops.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}}.

=== Order of Battle, August 1916 ===
In August 1916, the army was structured as follows<ref name="Erickson134">{{cite book |last=Erickson |first=Edward J. |title=Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War |year=2001 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |pages=134 |isbn=0-313-31516-7}}</ref>
* [[I Corps (Ottoman Empire)|I Corps]]
** [[14th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|14th Division]], [[16th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|16th Division]]
* [[Dardanelles Fortified Area Command]]

=== Order of Battle, December 1916 ===
In December 1916, the army was structured as follows:<ref name="Erickson154">{{cite book |last=Erickson |first=Edward J. |title=Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War |year=2001 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |pages=154 |isbn=0-313-31516-7}}</ref>
* [[XIV Corps (Ottoman Empire)|XIV Corps]]
** [[57th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|57th Division]], [[59th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|59th Division]]
* [[Dardanelles Fortified Area Command]]

=== Order of Battle, August 1917, January 1918 ===
In August 1917, January 1918, the army was structured as follows:<ref name="Erickson170-181">{{cite book |last=Erickson |first=Edward J. |title=Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War |year=2001 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |pages=170–181 |isbn=0-313-31516-7}}</ref>
* [[XIV Corps (Ottoman Empire)|XIV Corps]]
** [[57th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|57th Division]]
* [[XIX Corps (Ottoman Empire)|XIX Corps]]
** [[59th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|59th Division]]
* [[XXI Corps (Ottoman Empire)|XXI Corps]]
** [[49th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|49th Division]]
* [[Dardanelles Fortified Area Command]]

=== Order of Battle, June, September 1918 ===
In June, September 1918, the army was structured as follows:<ref name="Erickson188-197">{{cite book |last=Erickson |first=Edward J. |title=Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War |year=2001 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |pages=188–197 |isbn=0-313-31516-7}}</ref>
* [[XIV Corps (Ottoman Empire)|XIV Corps]]
** [[57th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|57th Division]]
* [[XIX Corps (Ottoman Empire)|XIX Corps]]
** None
* [[XXI Corps (Ottoman Empire)|XXI Corps]]
** [[49th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|49th Division]]
* [[Dardanelles Fortified Area Command]]

== After Mudros ==

=== Order of Battle, November 1918 ===
In November 1918, the army was structured as follows:<ref name="Erickson202">{{cite book |last=Erickson |first=Edward J. |title=Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War |year=2001 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |pages=202 |isbn=0-313-31516-7}}</ref>
* [[I Corps (Ottoman Empire)|I Corps]]
** [[55th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|55th Division]]
* [[XIV Corps (Ottoman Empire)|XIV Corps]]
** [[49th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|49th Division]], [[60th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|60th Division]], [[61st Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)|61st Division]]

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last=Erickson |first=Edward J. |title=Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War |year=2001 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |isbn=0-313-31516-7}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040309043644/http://www.orbat.com/site/history/historical/turkey/gallipoli1915.html Turkish Army at Gallipoli]

{{Ottoman Forces during World War I}}

[[Category:Field armies of the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Military units and formations of the Ottoman Empire in World War I]]