View source for Fingal

{{short description|County in Ireland}}
{{Other uses}}
{{redirect|Fingall|the village in North Yorkshire, England|Finghall}}
{{Use Hiberno-English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| settlement_type          = County
| native_name              = {{Native name|ga|Fine Gall|paren=omit}}
| image_shield             = Fingal Coat of Arms.png
| shield_size              = 155px
| motto                    = ''{{lang|ga|Flúirse Talaimh is Mara}}''{{spaces|2}}{{small|([[Irish language|Irish]])}}<br />"Abundance of Land and Sea"
| image_map                = Island of Ireland location map Fingal.svg
| map_caption              = Fingal (dark green) shown within [[County Dublin]] (light green) and within Ireland (lighter green)
| area_total_km2           = 456
| area_footnotes           = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://dublinclimatechange.codema.ie/f/50477/x/56970caeee/2019_fcc-climate-change-action-plan-adaptation-baseline.pdf|title=Fingal Climate Change Adaptation Plan|work=Fingal County Council|access-date=6 November 2020|archive-date=17 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117212227/https://dublinclimatechange.codema.ie/f/50477/x/56970caeee/2019_fcc-climate-change-action-plan-adaptation-baseline.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| seat_type                = [[County town]]
| seat                     = [[Swords, County Dublin|Swords]]
| blank_name_sec1          = [[Vehicle registration plates of the Republic of Ireland|Vehicle index<br />mark code]]
| blank_info_sec1          = D
| postal_code_type         = [[Postal addresses in the Republic of Ireland|Eircode]]
| postal_code              = D9, D11, [[Dublin 15|D15]], K32, K34, K36, K45, K56, K67
| population_total         = 330506
| population_as_of         = [[2022 census of Ireland|2022]]
| population_footnotes     = <ref name="cso2022">{{cite web|title=Census 2022 – F1004A – Population|work=Central Statistics Office Census 2022 Reports |publisher=[[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|Central Statistics Office Ireland]] |date=August 2023 |url=https://data.cso.ie/table/F1004A |access-date=16 September 2023 }}</ref>
| population_density_km2   = auto
| leader_title             = [[Local government in the Republic of Ireland|Local authority]]
| leader_name              = [[Fingal County Council]]
| leader_title2            = [[Dáil constituencies]]
| leader_name2             = {{Plainlist}}
* [[Dublin Bay North (Dáil constituency)|Dublin Bay North]]
* [[Dublin Fingal (Dáil constituency)|Dublin Fingal]]
* [[Dublin North-West (Dáil constituency)|Dublin North-West]]
* [[Dublin West (Dáil constituency)|Dublin West]]
{{Endplainlist}}
| leader_title3            = [[European Parliament constituencies in the Republic of Ireland|EP constituency]]
| leader_name3             = [[Dublin (European Parliament constituency)|Dublin]]
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
| subdivision_type1        = [[Provinces of Ireland|Province]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Leinster]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[NUTS statistical regions of Ireland|Region]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Eastern and Midland Region|Eastern and Midland]]
| website                  = {{official website}}
| timezone                 = [[Western European Time|WET]]
| utc_offset               = ±0
| timezone_DST             = [[Irish Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset_DST           = +1
| established_title        = Established
| established_date         = 1994
| elevation_max_m          = 176
| elevation_max_point      = [[Naul Hills|Knockbrack]]
| area_code_type           = [[Telephone numbers in the Republic of Ireland|Telephone area codes]]
| area_code                = 01
| module                   = {{infobox mapframe|zoom=9}}
}}
'''Fingal''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|ˈ|f|ɪ|ŋ|ɡ|ɔː|l}} {{Respell|FING|gawl}};<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slMjjFnsdIg | title=Fingal County Council - Social Media Channels | website=[[YouTube]] | date=27 February 2023 }}</ref> {{Irish derived place name|Fine Gall|[[Norsemen|foreign tribe]]}}) is a [[Counties of Ireland|county]] in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]. It is in the [[Provinces of Ireland|province]] of [[Leinster]] and is part of the [[Eastern and Midland Region]]. It is one of three successor counties to [[County Dublin]], which was disestablished for administrative purposes in 1994. Its name is derived from the medieval territory of [[Scandinavia]]n foreigners ({{langx|ga|gaill}}) that settled in the area. [[Fingal County Council]] is the [[Local government in the Republic of Ireland|local authority]] for the county. In 2022 the population of the county was 330,506, making it the second most populated council in Dublin and the third most populous county in the state.<ref name="cso2022"/>

==Geography and subdivisions==
Fingal is one of three counties into which [[County Dublin]] was divided in 1994. [[Swords, County Dublin|Swords]] is the [[county town]]. The other large urban centre is [[Blanchardstown]]. Smaller towns include [[Balbriggan]] and [[Malahide]]. Suburban villages with extensive housing include [[Baldoyle]], [[Castleknock]], [[Howth]] (and Sutton), [[Lusk, County Dublin|Lusk]], [[Donabate]],[[Portmarnock]], [[Skerries, County Dublin|Skerries]].<ref>{{cite web|title=County development plan – strategic context|url=http://www.fingalcoco.ie/devplan/yourfingal/Stage4/written_statement/Part%201-strategic%20context.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071119150210/http://www.fingalcoco.ie/devplan/yourfingal/Stage4/written_statement/Part%201-strategic%20context.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 November 2007|publisher=Fingal County Council|access-date=6 September 2010}}</ref> Small rural settlements exist in the northern and western parts of the county. The motto of the arms of Fingal reads {{langx|ga|Flúirse Talaimh is Mara}} meaning "Abundance of Land and Sea". The motto reflects the strong farming and fishing ties historically associated with the area. It also features a [[Viking]] longboat, which represents the arrival of the Norse in Fingal, where they became integrated with the existing Irish.
Fingal is bordered by [[County Meath]] to the north, by [[County Kildare|Kildare]] to the west and by [[Dublin]] city to the south. At the Strawberry Beds, the [[River Liffey]] separates the county from [[South Dublin]].

=== Towns and villages ===
Fingal varies enormously in character, from densely populated suburban areas of the contiguous Dublin metropolitan region to remote rural villages and small, unpopulated agricultural townlands.
{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[Balbriggan]]
* [[Baldoyle]]
* [[Balscaddan]]
* [[Ballyboughal]]
* [[Bayside, Dublin|Bayside]]
* [[Blanchardstown]]
* [[Castleknock]]
* [[Clonsilla]]
* [[Corduff]]
* [[Donabate]]
* [[Garristown]]
* [[Hollystown]]
* [[Howth]]
* [[Loughshinny]]
* [[Lusk, County Dublin|Lusk]]
* [[Malahide]]
* [[Man of War, County Dublin|Man O' War]]
* [[Mulhuddart]]
* [[Naul, County Dublin|Naul]]
* [[Oldtown, County Dublin|Oldtown]]
* [[Ongar, Dublin|Ongar]]
* [[Portmarnock]]
* [[Portrane]]
* [[Rush, County Dublin|Rush]]
* [[Rolestown]]
* [[St. Margaret's, County Dublin|St. Margaret's]] 
* [[Skerries, County Dublin|Skerries]]
* [[Swords, County Dublin|Swords]]
* [[Sutton, Dublin|Sutton]]
* [[Tyrrelstown]]
{{div col end}}

The northernmost parts of [[Ballymun]], [[Santry]] and [[Finglas]] are also part of Fingal. Clonee, part of County Meath, has housing estates in its hinterland that merge into the estates of [[Ongar, Dublin|Ongar]] in western Fingal.

===Baronies and civil parishes===
[[File:IrelandBaronies1899Map (Dublin cropped).png|thumb|right|Baronies of County Dublin]]
The former county of Dublin was divided into nine [[Barony (Ireland)|baronies]].<ref group="4" name="County Dublin baronies">{{Cite web |url=https://www.logainm.ie/en/s?txt=in:100002&cat=BAR |title=Baronies of County Dublin |access-date=19 December 2020 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121202131/https://www.logainm.ie/en/s?txt=in:100002&cat=BAR |url-status=live }}</ref> The part of Fingal within County Dublin was in later centuries subdivided into the following administrative baronies: [[Balrothery West]], [[Balrothery East]], [[Nethercross]], [[Castleknock (barony)|Castleknock]] and [[Coolock (barony)|Coolock]]. While baronies continue to be officially defined units, they are no longer used for many administrative purposes. The last boundary change of a barony in Dublin was in 1842, when the barony of Balrothery was divided into Balrothery East and Balrothery West. Their official status is illustrated by Placenames Orders made since 2003, where official Irish names of baronies are listed under "Administrative units". The boundaries of Fingal do not respect the boundaries of the baronies. As a result, only three baronies are entirely contained in the county: [[Balrothery East]], [[Balrothery West]], and [[Nethercross]]. Parts of three baronies are also contained in the county: [[Castleknock (barony)|Castleknock]], [[Coolock (barony)|Coolock]], and [[Newcastle (County Dublin barony)|Newcastle]].

In the case of Castleknock, most [[Civil parishes in Ireland|civil parishes]] of the barony are under the jurisdiction of Fingal County Council. Some of the eastern parishes are under the jurisdiction of Dublin City Council. The core of the civil parish of [[Finglas (civil parish)|Finglas]] lies within Dublin City. There are two substantial [[exclave]]s of the parish proper that are located in Fingal.

In the case of Coolock, most civil parishes of the barony are in Dublin City. The parishes listed in the table below are located in Fingal.

{| class="wikitable"	
! style="width:160px" | Name in Irish
! style="width:160px" | Name in English
! style="width:60px" | Area in Acres
|-
|Baile Dúill 
|[[Baldoyle]].<ref group="4" name="Baldoyle">{{Cite web|url=http://www.logainm.ie/ga/827|title=Baile Dúill/Baldoyle|website=logainm.ie}}</ref>
|450
|-
|Baile Ghrífín 
|[[Balgriffin]].<ref group="4" name="Balgriffin">{{Cite web |url=http://www.logainm.ie/828.aspx |title=Balgriffin civil parish |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152152/https://www.logainm.ie/ga/828 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|540
|-
|Binn Éadair 
|[[Howth]].<ref group="4" name="Howth">{{Cite web |url=http://www.logainm.ie/899.aspx |title=Howth civil parish |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152212/https://www.logainm.ie/ga/899 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|1772
|-
|Cionn Sáile 
|[[Kinsealy|Kinsaley]].<ref group="4" name="Kinsaley">{{Cite web |url=http://www.logainm.ie/863.aspx |title=Kinsaley civil parish |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152212/https://www.logainm.ie/ga/863 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|1339
|-
|Clochrán 
|[[Cloghran, Coolock|Cloghran]].<ref group="4" name="Cloghran">{{Cite web |url=http://www.logainm.ie/836.aspx |title=Cloghran civil parish |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152146/https://www.logainm.ie/ga/836 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|994
|-
|Mullach Íde 
|[[Malahide]].<ref group="4" name="Malahide">{{Cite web |url=http://www.logainm.ie/865.aspx |title=Malahide civil parish |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152155/https://www.logainm.ie/ga/865 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|606
|-
|Port Mearnóg 
|[[Portmarnock]].<ref group="4" name="Portmarnock">{{Cite web |url=http://www.logainm.ie/873.aspx |title=Portmarnock civil parish |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152215/https://www.logainm.ie/ga/873 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|1020
|-
|Sord 
|[[Swords, County Dublin|Swords]].<ref group="4" name="Swords">{{Cite web |url=http://www.logainm.ie/881.aspx |title=Swords civil parish |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152150/https://www.logainm.ie/ga/881 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|5
|-
|Teampall Mhaighréide 
|St. Margaret's<ref group="4" name="St. Margaret's">{{Cite web |url=http://www.logainm.ie/895.aspx |title=St. Margaret's civil parish |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152148/https://www.logainm.ie/ga/895 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|1140
|-
|}

In the case of Newcastle, most of the barony is situated south of the River Liffey and so is under the jurisdiction of [[South Dublin County Council]]. Six [[townland]]s are located north of the Liffey in the civil parish of [[Leixlip (civil parish)|Leixlip]]. Listed in the table below, they are part of Fingal.

{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:160px" | Name in Irish
! style="width:160px" | Name in English
! style="width:60px"  | Area in Acres
|-
|Coill Alain
|Allenswood<ref group="4" name="Allenswood">{{cite web|url=http://www.logainm.ie/17107.aspx|title=Allenswood &#124; townland|publisher=logainm.ie|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152154/https://www.logainm.ie/ga/17107|url-status=live}}</ref>
|210
|- 
| –
|Coldblow<ref group="4" name="Coldblow">{{cite web|url=http://www.logainm.ie/17124.aspx|title=Coldblow &#124; townland|publisher=logainm.ie|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152236/https://www.logainm.ie/ga/17124|url-status=live}}</ref>
|279
|- 
|Láithreach Con
|Laraghcon<ref group="4" name="Laraghcon">{{cite web|url=http://www.logainm.ie/17125.aspx|title=Laraghcon &#124; townland|publisher=logainm.ie|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152147/https://www.logainm.ie/ga/17125|url-status=live}}</ref>
|295
|-
| – 
|Pass-If-You-Can<ref group="4" name="Pass-If-You-Can">{{cite web|url=http://www.logainm.ie/17108.aspx|title=Pass-If-You-Can &#124; townland|publisher=logainm.ie|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=4 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304082309/http://logainm.ie/17108.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
|88
|-
|Páirc San Caitríona
|Saint Catherine's Park<ref group="4" name="Saint Catherine's Park, Newcastle">{{cite web|url=http://www.logainm.ie/17126.aspx|title=Saint Catherine's Park &#124; townland|publisher=logainm.ie|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152158/https://www.logainm.ie/ga/17126|url-status=live}}</ref>
|195
|-
|Baile an Bhaspailigh
|Westmanstown<ref group="4" name="Westmanstown">{{cite web|url=http://www.logainm.ie/17127.aspx|title=Westmanstown &#124; townland|publisher=logainm.ie|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924152221/https://www.logainm.ie/ga/17127|url-status=live}}</ref>
|437
|-
|}

== History ==

=== Terminology and etymology ===
The name "Fingal" derives from the medieval territory of ''Fine Gall'' (tribe or territory of foreigners), the Viking settlement north of Dublin.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Dublin English: Evolution and Change |last=Hickey |first=Raymond |year=2005 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |isbn=90-272-4895-8 |page=197 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AmpOAwl3KzcC&pg=PA197 |access-date=24 August 2011 |archive-date=20 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620130644/https://books.google.com/books?id=AmpOAwl3KzcC&pg=PA197 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Vikings]] referred to the hinterland of Dublin as {{lang|non|Dyflinarskiri}}.{{sfn|Allen|Whelan|1992|p=89}}

In Ireland, the usage of the word ''county'' nearly always comes before rather than after the county name; thus "[[County Clare|''County'' Clare]]" in Ireland as opposed to "[[Clare County, Michigan|Clare ''County'']]" in [[Michigan]], US. In the case of those counties created after 1994, they often drop the word ''county'' entirely, or use it after the name; internet search engines show many more uses (on Irish sites) of "Fingal" than of either "County Fingal" or "Fingal County". The local authority uses all three forms.<ref>[http://www.fingalcoco.ie/ Fingal County Council website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125090816/http://www.fingalcoco.ie/ |date=25 November 2018 }}, where (apart from references to the Council itself) both "Fingal County" and "County Fingal" appear, but much less frequently than "Fingal" alone.</ref>

[[Fingallian]] is an [[extinct language]], a hybrid of [[Old English|Old]] and [[Middle English]] and [[Old Norse]], with [[Leinster Irish]] influences. It was spoken by the people of Fingal until the mid-19th century.

Fingal is within the part of the Eastern and Midland Regional Assembly, established in 2015, one of three such regional assemblies in the state. Within that, it is part of the Dublin strategic planning area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://emra.ie/|title=Eastern and Midland Regional Assembly|website=Eastern & Midland Regional Assembly|language=en-US|access-date=2016-09-30|archive-date=29 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929142528/http://emra.ie/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=si573>{{Cite Irish legislation|year=2014|type=si|number=573|name=Local Government Act 1991 (Regional Assemblies) (Establishment) Order 2014|date=16 December 2014|access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref>

=== Early Gaelic history ===
In the 2nd century AD, [[Ptolemy]] identified Eblana (Dublin) as the capital of a people called the [[Eblani]]. In later centuries the territory north of the river Liffey{{citation needed|date=December 2009}} was known as [[Kingdom of Mide|Mide or Midhe]], i.e. "the Kingdom of Meath" (that to the south was known as ''Coigh Cuolan'' or ''Cualan'').  The west of this area was known as [[Tethbae|Teffia]], and the east as Bregia (Latinised from Gaelic Magh Breagh, "the great plain of Meath"). Bregia comprised five Gaelic triocha-cheds (equivalent to cantreds) or the later [[Baronies of Ireland|baronies]], and was ruled by the king at [[Hill of Tara|Tara]].<ref>See Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland, by the Four Masters (written 1632–36 by a team of Franciscan scholars, led by Br. Michael O’Clery, hereditary historian to the [[O'Donnell dynasty|O'Donnell]] Kings and Princes of [[Tyrconnell]], and based on records surviving from the earliest times; translated by John O’Donovan, ed., 1856, reprinted by De Burca Publishers, Dublin, 1998)</ref> These princes, and various [[Gaels|Gaelic]] chieftains, held sway over the area until the coming of the Vikings in the 8th century.

=== Vikings and Hiberno-Norse ===
By 841 AD a [[Scandinavia]]n settlement had been established at Dublin; this was abandoned in 902, re-established in 917, and developed thereafter. It was so established by the 11th century that it was regarded even amongst the surrounding native Gaelic population as a minor kingdom<ref>Irish Society, Anglo-Norman Settlers, Angevin Kingship, by Marie Therese Flanagan, Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1989, ed. 1998, p. 9</ref> ruled by [[Hiberno-Norse]] kings. The Norse [[Kingdom of Dublin]] stretched, at its greatest, from [[Drogheda]] to [[Arklow]], and while mostly a thin strip of coastal land, from the [[Irish Sea]] westwards as far as [[Leixlip]] in the central part.

After the [[Battle of Clontarf]], when High King [[Brian Boru]] curtailed the power of the Vikings in Ireland, the Norse-Irish Kingdom of Dublin continued, with its own bishop, part of the Westminster hierarchy rather than the Irish, though it gradually came under the influence of the Kings of Leinster. [[Diarmait Mac Murchada]] established himself there before his expulsion by the High King in 1166, a series of events that led to the area being invaded in the late 12th century, by the [[Cambro-Norman]]s. This was to form part of the heartland of the area known as [[The Pale]] during the successive periods of rule by [[Anglo-Normans|Anglo-Norman]] and the later kings of England.

=== After the Anglo-Norman invasion ===
==== Early Anglo-Norman grants ====
With the arrival of the Anglo/Cambro-Normans in 1169,<ref>For an account describing the religious undercurrents of this invasion, described as a "crusade" see "When the Normans came to Ireland" by Maurice Sheehy (former Professor of Palaeography and late Latin at University College, Dublin), published by Mercier Press, 1975 & 1998.</ref> the territory of the old Gaelic [[Kingdom of Meath]] was promised in around 1172 to [[Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath|Hugh de Lacy]] by King [[Henry II of England]]. At that time, Meath extended to most of the current county of Fingal (including as far as [[Clontarf, Dublin|Clontarf]], Santry and the [[Barony (Ireland)|barony]] of [[Castleknock (barony)|Castleknock]]), [[County Westmeath]] and part of County Kildare. Fingal was therefore implicitly included in the grant of "Meath" either as part of Meath proper or under the additional element of that grant<ref>History of Ireland by John D'Alton, 1910 (page 258)</ref><ref>Note: A royal grant creates a tenant-in-chief, who could then also make a feudal grant by sub-infeudation that would create a lordship or seigneury of the grantor, still held by him in reversion.</ref> "and for increase to the gift, all fees which he has or shall acquire about Dublin". This element of the grant related to his role as [[Bailiff]]<ref>The original is quoted: "{{lang|la|et de incremento illi dono omnia feoda que prebuit vel que prebebit circa Duveliniam dum ballivus meus est ad faciendum mihi servicium apud civitatem meam Duveliniae}}"</ref> and was copied into the [[Gormanston, County Meath|Gormanston]] Register.<ref>Calendar of the Gormanston Register circa 1175–1397, being an extra volume of the Royal Society of the Antiquaries of Ireland, prepared and edited by James Mills, and M. J. McEnery, University Press, Dublin, 1916.  See folio 5 of the Register; transliterated on page 6 of the Calendar</ref>

[[Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke|Strongbow]] was probably also assigned some fees within the royal [[demesne]] of Dublin,<ref>Irish Society, Anglo-Norman Settlers, Angevin Kingship, by Marie Therese Flanagan, Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1989, ed. 1998 (page 294)</ref> as in the case of Hugh de Lacy's custodianship of Dublin, in payment of his services. This appears evidenced by several grants which he made in his own name within the city to [[St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin|St. Mary's Abbey]], and his foundation of a hospital of [[Knights Hospitaller|St. John of Jerusalem]] at [[Kilmainham]]. Therefore, both Strongbow and Hugh de Lacy exercised lordships within the royal demesne of Dublin.

In addition to Dublin city, the royal demesne itself also consisted of the royal manors of [[Crumlin, Dublin|Crumlin]], [[Esker]], [[Newcastle, County Dublin|Newcastle]], and [[Saggart]], in the south-west of the county, and the royal demesnes of O Thee (O'Teig), O Brun (O'Broin), and O Kelly (O'Ceallaigh) in the south-east of the county, which were rented from the Crown by Irish-speaking tenants.<ref>''Dublin, City and County from Prehistory to Present'', edited by F. H. A. Allen and Kevin Whelan, Geography Publications, Dublin, 1992, page 91 and elsewhere for details of ancient manors and lordships</ref> Over half of the land in the county of Dublin was granted to religious houses and priories, as well as archbishops and monasteries, and minor lay lords. In such a way too, an estate was given to the Irish chieftain MacGillamocholmog, who held sway over the territory of Cualann (Wicklow) when the Anglo-Normans arrived.<ref>''The Environs of Dublin'', by Francis Elrington Ball, M.R.I.A, in volume I of his History of the County of Dublin, (1902)</ref>

De Lacy parcelled out most of this land to his vassals, who were to hold these lands from him, as he had held the [[Lordship of Meath]] from King Henry, by military tenure. D'Alton also provides a reference to the enumeration of these grants given in Hibernica, by Harris (pp.&nbsp;42–43). Hugh de Lacy was appointed [[Viceroy]] in 1178, and again in 1181 after a brief period of royal disfavour.

By virtue of his grant of Meath, Hugh de Lacy was appointed a Palatine Count in that territory<ref>Vicissitudes of Families by Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster King of Arms, Longman Green Longman and Roberts, Paternoster Row, London, 1861 (pages 363–364)</ref> and divided it amongst his various vassals who were commonly called "De Lacy's Barons". These were: Hugh<ref>First names of grantees taken from corroborating text on page 259 of D'Alton's History of Ireland (1910)</ref> Tyrell, Baron of Castleknock; [[Jocelyn de Angulo]], [[Baron of Navan]] and [[Ardbraccan]]; De Misset, Baron of Lune; [[Adam de Feypo]], [[Baron Skryne]];<ref>Skrine is Skreen, or Skryne. The ancient parish from which it stems was called Scrinium Sancti Columbae and was derived from a shrine to St. Columba (ColmCille of the [[Cenel Conaill]], proto-[[O'Donnell dynasty|O'Donnells]]), brought over from Britain in 875, and held in a monastery there. [[Adam de Feypo]] erected a castle there, and his family founded a friary of eremites of the order of St. Augustine</ref> Fitz-Thomas, Baron of [[Kells, County Meath|Kells]]; Hussey, Baron of Galtrim; Richard de Fleming, [[Baron Slane]]; Adam Dullard or Dollard, of Dullenvarty; Gilbert de Nugent, [[Baron Delvin]] and later [[Earl of Westmeath]];[[Risteárd de Tiúit]], Baron of Moyashell; Robert de Lacy's descendants, Barons of [[Rathwire]]; De Constantine, Baron of Kilbixey<ref>Kilbixey lies today in County Westmeath. A Richard Costentyn also held the manor of [[Balrothery]] in Fingal in 1343 (see Close Rolls, in Rotulorum Cancellariae Hiberniae Calendarium, Tresham 1828)</ref> Petit, Baron of [[Mullingar]]; Meyler FitzHenry of Maghernan, Rathkenin, and Ardnocker.  As Burke points out, to some of these there descended the De Genevilles, Lords of Meath; Mortimer, [[Earl of March]] (and later Lord of Trim, from De Geneville); the Plunkets, of Danish descent, [[Baron of Dunsany]] and of [[Killeen Castle, Dunsany|Killeen]], and later [[Earl of Louth]] and [[Earl of Fingall]] (by letters patent); the Prestons, [[Viscounts Gormanston]] and [[Viscount Tara]], the Barnewalls, [[Baron Trimlestown]] and [[Viscount Barnewall]]; the Nettervilles, Barons of [[Dowth]]; the Bellews, Barons of [[Duleek]]; the Darcys of Platten, Barons of Navan; the Cusacks, Barons of Culmullin; the FitzEustaces, [[Baron Portlester]]. Some of these again were succeeded by the De Baths of Athcarn, the Dowdalls of Athlumny, the Cruises, the Drakes of Drake Rath, and others.<ref>These details are given in Burke's Vicissitudes of Families, in the chapter on the O'Melaghlins, Kings of Meath.</ref>

==== John of England ====
In 1184, Prince John, the Lord of Ireland and Earl of Mortain<ref>King Henry II had sought a crown from the papacy for John's use as King of Ireland. The crown was delivered at Christmas, 1185, but never used. After Henry's death, King [[Richard I of England]] created John Count (Earl) of Mortain in 1189.</ref> gave half the tithes of Fingal to the episcopal see of Dublin, which grant was confirmed in 1337 by King Edward, and in 1395 by King [[Richard II of England|Richard II]] when in Dublin.<ref>''The History of the County of Dublin'', by John D’Alton, Esq., M.R.I.A., Barrister-at-Law, Hodges and Smith, Dublin, 1838</ref>

John featured prominently in the tales of [[Robin Hood]] during the reign of [[Richard I of England]], absent on the [[Third Crusade]]. In 1189, on the breaking up of Robin Hood's company, Robin Hood's companion [[Little John]], is said to have exhibited his feats of archery on Oxmanstown Green in Dublin, until having been detected in a robbery, he was hanged on [[Arbour Hill Prison|Arbour Hill]] nearby.<ref>D’Alton, op. cit. page 517</ref> Another Robin Hood–type, known as McIerlagh Gedy, is recorded as a notorious felon responsible for many thefts and incendiary acts in Meath, Leinster, and Fingal, and was taken prisoner, brought to [[Trim Castle]] and hanged.<ref>A tale also told in D’Alton and recorded in the Rotulus Clausus (de anno 46 Edward III, para.22, page 100) in the Rotulorum Cancellariae Hiberniae Calendarium (Tresham, 1828)</ref>

[[Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath]], son of Hugh,<ref>Hugh de Lacy was killed in 1186 at [[Durrow, County Offaly]]. See Flanagan's "Irish Society, etc." op.cit., for an account of the intermediate period thereafter when his son Walter was still too young to assume his father's mantle, and when Prince John administered grants until such time as King Richard assumed the Lordship of Ireland in 1194</ref> gained seisin of the Lordship of Meath by charter in 1194 during Richard I's exercise of the [[Lordship of Ireland]], having previously been a minor when his father Hugh de Lacy died in 1186.<ref>Flanagan, op. cit., page 282</ref> Walter succeeded to all Hugh's lordships, including of Fingal, which by a grant of King John in 1208 was subsequently confirmed in perpetuity under the same terms as the palatine Lordship of Meath, and no longer limited by the original conditions linked to service as bailiff of Dublin.

=== Feudal administration ===

==== Prescriptive Barony, 1208 ====
In 1208 the '''Lordship of Fingal''' was granted to [[Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath|Walter de Lacy]] by King [[John of England]].<ref>Hardy 1835, Guildhall Library, Manuscripts Section, Aldermanbury, London. [www.cityoflondon.gov.uk Website]</ref>

The first known administrative provision related to the original name was a palatine grant of the Paramount ''[[Lord]]ship of Fingal'', confirmed by letters patent from King John.<ref>John, previously Prince, Lord of Ireland and Earl of Mortain, was crowned King of England in 1199: "Rex Angliae, Dominus Hiberniae, Dux Normanniae et Aquitanniae, et Comes Andegaviae, coronatus fuit in festo ascensionis Dominicae, A.D. 1199"</ref> This [[Irish feudal barony|feudal barony]] or [[Prescriptive barony]] was granted to Walter de Lacy and his heirs in perpetuity in 1208. The grant was based on Hugh de Lacy, Walter's father, having held the same on a basis of grand [[serjeanty]] for his services as bailiff to the King.<ref>Thomas Duffus Hardy (editor), ''Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati'', published in 1837; page 178, volume 1, part 1 (available in the Tower of London with a copy in the Guildhall Library, London, containing the original text of the ''Grant of Fingal'' by King John, 1208)</ref> The grant describes the scope of administrative responsibility, and the limits of powers delegated. The gist of the grant is recounted as follows:

{{lang|enm|Grant and confirmation to Walter de Lascy, on his petition, of his land of Meath; to hold of the King in fee by the service of 50 knights; and of his fees of Fingal, in the vale of Dublin; to hold in fee by the service of 7 knights; saving to the King pleas of the Crown, appeals of the peace, & c., and crociae, and the dignities thereto belonging; the King's writs to run throughout Walter's land. Further grant to Walter of the custody of his fees, although the lords thereof hold elsewhere in capite; saving to the King the marriages of the heirs of those fees.}}<ref>See transliteration on page 178 (anno 9–10 Johann – AD 1208) of Vol.1, Part 1, of the Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi asservati – ab anno MCXCIX ad annum MCCXVI (Thoma Duffus Hardy, published in 1837 in the reign of King William IV)</ref>

==== County Dublin ====
In the 1208 grant, the bulk of Fingal, considered to be "''in the vale of Dublin''", was part of the County Dublin, when the latter was established as one of the first twelve counties created by King John during his visit to Ireland in 1210.<ref>''A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland'', Volume I, by Samuel Lewis, Published by S. Lewis & Co., London, 1837 (page 522)</ref> Its history forms part of that of County Dublin for the following eight centuries.

==== Other derivative or related grants and titles ====
As mentioned above, by the time John granted Fingal as part of his inheritance to Walter, Walter's father Hugh had already sub-infeudated parts thereof to his vassals (e.g. the Castleknock barony, granted by Hugh de Lacy to Hugh Tyrell, etc.).  Therefore, Fingal was already a superior lordship (or paramount barony) when originally granted, consisting of lesser baronies (and their several manors), even though some of these may have been granted by Hugh in his capacities as Bailiff or as Viceroy, and later confirmed as held of the Crown ''in capite'', and in perpetuity.  The Lordship of Fingal was, therefore, a paramount superiority over several sub-infeudated smaller baronies (such as [[Barony of Castleknock|Castleknock]], Santry, [[Balrothery]]),<ref>John D’Alton, "History of Ireland", published by the author in Dublin, 1845; Volume I, page 259</ref> and thus eventually accrued vicecomital attributes.

In addition, several other baronies existed as feudal holdings or were created within the geographical territory of Fingal (such as Finglas;<ref>Finglas once consisted of two parts: a western portion centred on the village of Finglas, and an eastern portion centred on [[Artane, Dublin|Artane]]; see Sir [[William Petty]]'s map of County Dublin</ref> Swerdes Swords;<ref name="autogenerated162">Senkylle (p. 162) and Swerdes (p.134), as well as "Fynglas" (p.134 and 162), are mentioned as baronies in the documents relating to the administration of the Earl of Ormond as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1420–1421)</ref> Santry, Feltrim<ref>O'Fagans were feudal Barons of Feltrim</ref>), and in other parts of Dublin: Howth<ref>The St. Lawrence family were originally feudal Barons of Howth</ref> and Senkylle ([[Shankill, Dublin|Shankill]] in southern Dublin).<ref name="autogenerated162" />

A later, related, development was the granting of the first [[viscount]]cy in Ireland in 1478 to a Preston, Lord Gormanston, the Premier Viscount of Ireland, who at the time was a major landowner in the Fingal area, and a direct descendant of Walter de Lacy.<ref>Charles Kidd and David Williamson (editors), "Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage 1995", published by Debrett's Peerage Limited, Macmillan, London, 1995 UK: {{ISBN|0-333-41776-3}}; {{ISBN|0-333-62956-6}}; US: {{ISBN|0-312-12557-7}}, pages 534–535</ref> That viscountcy was called after Gormanston as the latter was the principal seat and [[manorialism|Manor]] of the Prestons at the time, having been acquired upon their relinquishment of occupancy of the Manor of Fyngallestoun.<ref>James Mills and M. J. McEnery (editors), ''The Calendar of the Gormanston Register'', Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, University Press, Dublin, 1916. The Gormanston Register is a collection of ancient manuscripts going back to the 12th century, belonging to the Viscounts Gormanston, and now lodged in the National Library of Ireland, in Dublin</ref> The Viscounts Gormanston continued to retain the Lordship of the latter under reversion.,<ref>"The Calendar of the Gormanston Register", page 2</ref> and the prescriptive barony of Fingal was also retained by the [[Viscount Gormanston]] as an [[incorporeal hereditament]] ''in gross'', until passed to the late [[Patrick Denis O'Donnell]],<ref>[[Charles Mosley (genealogist)]], ''Blood Royal – From the time of Alexander the Great to Queen Elizabeth II'', published for '''Ruvigny Ltd''', London, 2002 (O'Donnell listed as Baron of Fyngal, page v) {{ISBN|0-9524229-9-9}}</ref> and thence to his son, gazetted in England as Lord O'Donnell of Fingal.<ref>''The Gazette'', London, 2019 [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/company/09958251/people] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902185139/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/company/09958251/people|date=2 September 2021}}</ref>

==== Medieval taxation, and the Pale ====
Geographically, Fingal became a core area of the Pale, and that part of Ireland was most intensively settled by the Normans and in due course the English. Records during the period 1285–92, of rolls of receipts for taxes to the King, indicate Fingal as a distinct area, listed along with the baronies or lordships of Duleek, Kells, and Loxuedy, as well as Valley (Liffey), and sometimes under, sometimes separate from Dublin.<ref>See Calendar of Documents Relating to Ireland, Volume 3, (1879 edition)</ref> Later records of rolls of receipts e.g. "''granted to the King in Ireland of the term of Trinity a.r.21 (1293)''" for the period 1293–1301<ref>Calendar, op. cit., volume 4, (1881), paras. 48, 90, 113, 160, 208, 222, 261, 282, 301, 332, 364, 390, 443, 507, 528, 586</ref> also include references to Fingal listed as a lordship, again along with the baronies of Duleek and Kells, and Dublin City, and Valley, all listed under Dublin County. Several other references also exist in the chancery records of the 14th century.<ref>''Rotulorum Cancellariae Hiberniae Calendarium'' in the National Library of Ireland (reference RR 941, li), pages/paragraphs 100/22, 136/191, 166/250</ref>

==== Abolition of feudal system ====
The feudal system was finally completely abolished by the Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oireachtas.ie/viewdoc.asp?DocID=13018 |title=Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009 – Tithe an Oireachtas |publisher=Oireachtas.ie |date=13 November 2009 |access-date=2012-11-07 |archive-date=9 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409081607/http://www.oireachtas.ie/viewdoc.asp?DocID=13018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Act abolished feudal tenure, but preserved estates in land, including customary rights and incorporeal hereditaments.

==== Earldom of Fingall ====
A title in the [[peerage of Ireland]] of [[Earl of Fingall]] was created in 1628 by [[Charles I of England|Charles I]], and granted to [[Luke Plunket, 1st Earl of Fingall]], Baron Killeen, whose first wife, [[Elizabeth Plunket]] ''née'' FitzGerald, thus became Lady Killeen<ref>FitzGerald, Charles William (Marquis of Kildare and later 4th Duke of Leinster). The Earls of Kildare and their Ancestors: from 1057 to 1773, 4th edition, published by Hodges, Smith & Co., Dublin, 1864 (pp. 235–236). He made the same mistake himself, i.e. that Elizabeth was a daughter rather than a sister of Bridget O'Donnell, 1st Countess of Tyrconnell, in the second edition of 1858 (page 226), but corrected this in his fourth edition in 1864</ref><ref>Mary Rose Carty, ''History of Killeen Castle'', by published by Carty / Lynch, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland, April 1991 {{ISBN|0-9517382-0-8}}. This includes a history of the Earls of Fingall – page 18 refers to Lucas Plunkett, the 1st [[Earl of Fingall]], and identifies his first wife as Elizabeth but mistakenly gives her as the daughter of Rory O’Donnell, 1st [[Earl of Tyrconnell]]</ref> The Plunketts also intermarried with the Prestons, Viscounts Gormanston. The Fingall Estate Papers, acquired by the Fingal County Archives, do not however relate to any properties in Fingal, but rather to lands in Meath. That Fingall title became extinct upon the death of the 12th and last Earl in 1984, along with a peerage barony of the same name, not to be confused with the titular prescriptive barony of Fingal previously mentioned.

===Modern county===
In 1985, County Dublin was divided into three electoral counties: Dublin–Belgard to the southwest, Dublin–Fingal to the north, and Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown to the southeast.<ref>{{Cite Irish legislation|year=1985|number=7|section=12|stitle=Establishment of Dublin Electoral Counties|name=Local Government (Reorganisation) Act 1985|date=3 April 1985|access-date=9 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605130709/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1985/en/act/pub/0007/sec0012.html |archive-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Irish legislation|type=si|year=1985|number=133|name=Dublin Electoral Counties Order 1985|date=10 May 1985|access-date=13 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111023846/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1985/en/si/0133.html |archive-date=11 November 2010}}</ref> At the [[1991 Dublin County Council election in Fingal|1991 local election]], the area of Dublin–Fingal was renamed as Fingal.<ref>{{Cite Irish legislation|year=1991|number=11|section=26|stitle=Amendment of Local Government (Reorganisation) Act 1985|name=Local Government Act 1991 |date=18 May 1991|access-date=9 December 2021}}</ref>

On 1 January 1994, under the [[Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993]], the old County Dublin ceased to exist and was succeeded by three counties:<ref>{{Cite Irish legislation|type=si|year=1993|number=401|name=Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993 Establishment Day Order 1993|date=22 December 1993|access-date=13 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605130748/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1993/en/si/0401.html |archive-date=5 June 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite Irish legislation|year=1993|number=31|name=[[Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993]]|date=21 December 1993|quote=Section 2: ''"the county", in relation to any time before the establishment day, means the administrative county of Dublin''<br />Section 9(1) ''On the establishment day— ... (a) the county shall cease to exist.''|access-date=19 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523012230/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1993/en/act/pub/0031/index.html |archive-date=23 May 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite Irish legislation|year=1993|number=31|name=[[Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993]]|section=9|stitle=Establishment and boundaries of administrative counties|quote=On the establishment day— (a) the county shall cease to exist, (b) the borough shall cease to exist, (c) the electoral counties shall cease to exist, and (d) the united district of the burial board shall cease to exist.|access-date=1 October 2021 |archive-date=5 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605192657/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1993/en/act/pub/0031/print.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bolton|first=Jason|title=Discovering Historic Fingal: A Guide to the Study of Monuments, Historic Buildings and Landscapes|year=2008|page=6}}</ref>
* [[Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]
* Fingal
* [[South Dublin]]

Under the [[Local Government Act 2001]], Fingal is determined and listed as a county.<ref>{{cite Irish legislation|name=[[Local Government Reform Act 2014]]|number=1||year=2014|section=12|stitle=Local government areas|date=27 January 2014}}</ref> The Placenames Committee maintains the [[Placenames Database of Ireland]], which records all placenames, past and present.<ref>[https://www.logainm.ie/en/inf/coiste] – Logainm.ie, "The Placenames Committee". Retrieved 14 January 2022.</ref> The former county of Dublin is listed in the database along with the subdivisions of that county; Fingal, with its subdivisions, is also listed.<ref>{{cite Irish legislation|name=Placenames (Provinces and Counties) Order 2003 |year=2003|date=30 October 2003|type=si|number=519|lang=Irish |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-date=18 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118214710/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2003/si/519/made/ga/print |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Fine Gall/Fingall |url=https://www.logainm.ie/en/1166124 |website=Logainm |publisher=[[Government of Ireland]] |access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref>

==Governance and politics==
[[Fingal County Council]] is the [[Local government in the Republic of Ireland|local authority]] for the county, established on 1 January 1994 by the same law that created the county.<ref>{{Cite Irish legislation|year=1993|number=31|name=[[Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993]]|section=11|stitle=Establishment of councils of administrative counties|quote=(1) On the establishment day a council shall stand established in each of the administrative counties established by section 9 and each such council shall consist of a cathaoirleach and councillors|date=21 December 1993|access-date=8 January 2022 }}</ref> It succeeded the functions of [[Dublin County Council]] in the former electoral county of Fingal, which was abolished by the [[Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993]]. It is one of four councils in the traditional [[County Dublin]]. The [[County Hall, Swords|County Hall]] is in [[Swords, County Dublin|Swords]], with another major office in Blanchardstown. The county administration is headed by a Chief Executive, leading a team of functional heads and directors of services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fingal.ie/council/staff|title=Staff Directory|website=[[Fingal County Council]]|access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref> The [[county council]] is governed by the [[Local Government Act 2001]]. The council has 40 elected members who are elected by [[single transferable vote]] in elections held every 5 years.

Fingal County Council sends three representatives to the [[Eastern and Midland Regional Assembly]].<ref name=si573/>

For elections to [[Dáil Éireann]], the following [[Dáil constituencies]] are wholly contained within the county: [[Dublin Fingal West (Dáil constituency)|Dublin Fingal West]] (3 seats); [[Dublin Fingal East (Dáil constituency)|Dublin Fingal East]] (3 seats); [[Dublin West (Dáil constituency)|Dublin West]] (5 seats). Parts of the following constituencies are also contained in the county: Malahide and Howth in [[Dublin Bay North (Dáil constituency)|Dublin Bay North]] (5 seats); and small parts of [[Mulhuddart]] in [[Dublin North-West (Dáil constituency)|Dublin North-West]] (3 seats).<ref>{{cite Irish legislation|year=2017|number=39|schedule=y|name=[[Electoral (Amendment) (Dáil Constituencies) Act 2017]]|date=23 December 2017|access-date=8 August 2021}}</ref>

== Economy ==
[[File:DublinAirportSign.jpg|thumb|Sign to [[Dublin Airport]]]]
Fingal is Ireland's primary [[horticulture|horticultural]] region, producing 50% of the national vegetable output and 75% of all glasshouse crops grown in the country. {{citation needed|date=July 2015}} However, the areas of production are coming under severe pressure from other development and the rural towns are increasingly becoming dormitories for the city. Howth Harbour is the biggest fishing harbour on the east coast and the fifth largest in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fingalcoco.ie/Publications/Council/Corporate%20Plan%202004-2009.pdf |title=30506 Fingal corporate Text |access-date=2012-11-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018133231/http://www.fingalcoco.ie/Publications/Council/Corporate%20Plan%202004-2009.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012 }}</ref>
[[File:Aer Lingus HQ, Dublin Airport - geograph.org.uk - 1752501.jpg|thumb|left|[[Aer Lingus]] head office]]
[[Dublin Airport]] is located within the county,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maps.fingalcoco.ie/LocationPublisher/Layout1.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720062137/http://maps.fingalcoco.ie/LocationPublisher/Layout1.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-20 |title=Detecting Client Screen Resolution |publisher=Maps.fingalcoco.ie |access-date=2012-11-07 }}</ref> along with the headquarters of [[Aer Lingus]] and [[Ryanair]].<ref>"[http://www.ryanair.com/site/FAQS/docs/compreg.pdf compreg.pdf] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629051514/http://www.ryanair.com/site/FAQS/docs/compreg.pdf |date=29 June 2009 }}." [[Ryanair]]. Retrieved on 25 May 2009.</ref><ref>"[http://www.aerlingus.com/aboutus/ About Us] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206121519/http://www.aerlingus.com/aboutus/ |date=6 December 2010 }}." Aer Lingus. Retrieved on 7 July 2010.</ref> The [[Dublin Airport Authority]] has its head office on the grounds of the airport.<ref>"[http://www.dublinairportauthority.com/contact/ Contact Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724185631/http://www.dublinairportauthority.com/contact/ |date=24 July 2010 }}." [[Dublin Airport Authority]]. Retrieved on 7 July 2010.</ref> In addition Swords has the headquarters of [[ASL Airlines Ireland|ASL Airlines]],<ref>"[http://www.aslaviationgroup.com/Detail.aspx?page=ContactUs Contact Us] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707175226/http://www.aslaviationgroup.com/Detail.aspx?page=ContactUs |date=7 July 2011 }}." ASL Aviation. Retrieved on 24 February 2011. "Contact ASL Aviation Group Limited The Plaza Swords Co. Dublin Ireland."</ref><ref>"[http://www.aslaviationgroup.com/DocumentDetail.aspx?id=O5%2f82HSyddE%3d How to find us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311044257/http://www.aslaviationgroup.com/DocumentDetail.aspx?id=O5%2F82HSyddE%3D |date=11 March 2012 }}." ASL Aviation. Retrieved on 24 February 2011.</ref> [[CityJet]],<ref>"[http://corporate.airfrance.com/en/the-airline/subsidiaries/cityjet/ CityJet] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205051456/http://corporate.airfrance.com/en/the-airline/subsidiaries/cityjet/ |date=5 December 2010 }}." [[Air France]]. Retrieved on 21 June 2010. "Address: CityJet Ltd. Swords Business Campus Balheary Road Swords, Co. Dublin Ireland"</ref> and [[Ingersoll Rand]].<ref>"[http://company.ingersollrand.com/Pages/ContactUs.aspx Contact Us] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102180651/http://company.ingersollrand.com/Pages/ContactUs.aspx |date=2 January 2011 }}." [[Ingersoll Rand]]. Retrieved on 18 January 2011. "Global Headquarters 170/175 Lakeview Drive Airside Business Park Swords, Co. Dublin Ireland."</ref>

In 2006 Fingal County Council was lauded by prominent Irish construction industry figures, politicians and EU Energy Commissioner Andris Piebalgs for becoming the first local authority in Ireland to introduce mandatory sustainable building requirements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.constructireland.ie/articles/0212fingal.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211013430/http://www.constructireland.ie/articles/0212fingal.php|url-status=dead|title=Fingal Commits – Local Authority adopts Radical Planning Requirements -:- Construct Ireland<!-- Bot generated title -->|archivedate=11 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.constructireland.ie/articles/0213piebalgs.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923015128/http://constructireland.ie/articles/0213piebalgs.php|url-status=dead|title=EU Energy Commissioner on Ireland's Energy Future -:- Construct Ireland<!-- Bot generated title -->|archivedate=23 September 2006}}</ref> The policy, which relates to all construction in 8 parts of the county—including roughly 13,000 new homes—stipulates that the amount of energy and {{CO2}} emissions associated with the heating and hot water of all buildings must be reduced by at least 60% compared to Irish Building Regulations, with at least 30% of the energy used for heating and hot water coming from renewable sources such as solar, geothermal or biomass.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.constructireland.ie/articles/0212fingal.php |title=Fingal Commits – Local Authority adopts Radical Planning Requirements -:- Construct Ireland |publisher=Constructireland.ie |access-date=2012-11-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211013430/http://www.constructireland.ie/articles/0212fingal.php |archive-date=11 December 2012 }}</ref>

==Demographics==

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right;"
|+Main immigrant groups, 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/define.asp?MainTable=E7050&ProductID=DB_E7&PLanguage=0&Tabstrip=&PXSId=0&SessID=7827795&FF=1&tfrequency=1 |title=E7050: Population Usually Resident and Present in the State 2011 to 2016 by Sex, Aggregate Town or Rural Area, Birthplace, County of Usual Residence and CensusYear |website=[[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|Central Statistics Office]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010253/http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/define.asp?MainTable=E7050&ProductID=DB_E7&PLanguage=0&Tabstrip=&PXSId=0&SessID=7827795&FF=1&tfrequency=1 |archive-date=10 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! Nationality || Population
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}} || 12,196
|-
|{{flag|Poland}} || 10,615
|-
|{{flag|Romania}} || 5,455
|-
|{{flag|Lithuania}} || 3,490
|-
|{{flag|Nigeria}}|| 3,115
|-
|{{flag|Latvia}} || 2,751
|-
|{{flag|India}} || 2,574
|-
|{{flag|Philippines}} || 1,937
|-
|{{flag|Moldova}} || 1,425
|-
|{{flag|China}} || 1,102
|}

== Education ==
The [[Technological University Dublin]] formerly known as the [[Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown]] is the largest third-level education facility in Fingal.

== Sport ==
Fingal is home to [[Morton Stadium]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldstadia.com/stadium/ireland/morton_stadium/590.php |title=Morton Stadium, Dublin> View Stadium |publisher=worldstadia.com |access-date=2012-11-07 |archive-date=22 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222025815/http://www.worldstadia.com/stadium/ireland/morton_stadium/590.php |url-status=live }}</ref> Ireland's national athletics stadium and 2003 [[Special Olympics]] venue.

Between 2007 and 2011 Morton Stadium hosted the home matches of the former soccer team [[Sporting Fingal F.C.]]

The county has many GAA teams which are still organised under the [[Dublin GAA|County Dublin GAA]] since the political county changes have not affected the GAA Counties (see [[Gaelic Athletic Association county]]).  However, a team representing [[Fingal county hurling team|Fingal as county]] has competed against GAA counties as a sub-region of the GAA county of Dublin in the [[Kehoe Cup]], Division 2B (as of 2014) of the [[National Hurling League|Allianz National Hurling League]] and (in the past) the [[Nicky Rackard Cup]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/dublin-county-board-back-fingal-s-motion-to-rejoin-hurling-championship-1.1647383|title=Dublin County Board back Fingal's motion to rejoin hurling championship|date=8 January 2014|newspaper=The Irish Times|access-date=2014-03-28|archive-date=28 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328135047/http://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/dublin-county-board-back-fingal-s-motion-to-rejoin-hurling-championship-1.1647383|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
From {{cite web |url=http://www.logainm.ie/?uiLang=en |title=Irish placenames database |publisher=Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs |work=[[logainm.ie]] |language=en, ga|access-date=2020-12-20}}
{{reflist |group="4"}}

From other sources:
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*''Fingal and its Churches – A Historical Sketch'', by Robert Walsh, M. A., Dublin and London, 1888.
*''Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati'', edited by Thomas Duffus Hardy, published in 1837. (Available in the Tower of London and in the Guildhall Library, London, it contains the original text of the Grant of Fingal by King John in 1208).
*''The Calendar of the Gormanston Register'', Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, edited by James Mills and M.J. McEnery, University Press, Dublin, 1916. The Gormanston Register is a collection of ancient manuscripts going back to the 12th century, belonging to the Viscounts Gormanston, and now lodged in the National Library of Ireland, in Dublin.
*''History of Killeen Castle'', by Mary Rose Carty, published by Carty / Lynch, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland, April 1991 ({{ISBN|0-9517382-0-8}}). This includes a history of the Earls of Fingall – page 18 refers to Lucas Plunket, the 1st [[Earl of Fingall]], whose first wife is given as Elizabeth [[O'Donnell of Tyrconnell]], but she was, in fact, a FitzGerald, sister of [[Bridget FitzGerald]]
*''Blood Royal – From the time of Alexander the Great to Queen Elizabeth II'', by [[Charles Mosley (genealogist)]], published for '''Ruvigny Ltd''', London, 2002 (O'Donnell listed as Baron of Fyngal, page v) {{ISBN|0-9524229-9-9}}
*''History of the County of Dublin'', by [[Francis Elrington Ball]], Dublin, 1902.
*''History of the County of Dublin'', by [[John D'Alton (historian)|John D'Alton]], Hodges and Smith, Dublin, 1838.
*{{cite book|editor-first1=F. H. A. |editor-last1=Allen |editor-first2=Kevin |editor-last2=Whelan |title=Dublin City and County – From Prehistory to Present |publisher=Geography Publications |location=Dublin |year=1992 |page=89 |isbn=0-906602-19-X}}
* ''Seventy Years Young, Memoirs of Elizabeth, Countess of Fingall'', by [[Elizabeth Burke-Plunkett]], Lady Fingall. First published by Collins of London in 1937; 1991 edition published by The Lilliput Press, Dublin 7, Ireland {{ISBN|0-946640-74-2}}. This Elizabeth was a Burke from Moycullen in County Galway, who married the 11th Earl of Fingall, and should not be confused with [[Elizabeth Plunket|Elizabeth Plunket (née FitzGerald), Baroness Killeen]], first wife of [[Luke Plunket, 1st Earl of Fingall|Luke Plunket, the later 1st Earl of Fingall]] (1604–1611).
*''The Scandinavian Kingdom of Dublin'', by [[Charles Haliday]], edited by [[John P. Prendergast]], published by Alex. Thom & Co., Printers and Publishers, Dublin, 1881.
*''Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage 1995'', edited by Charles Kidd and David Williamson, published by Debrett's Peerage Limited, Macmillan, London, 1995 UK: {{ISBN|0-333-41776-3}}; {{ISBN|0-333-62956-6}}; US: {{ISBN|0-312-12557-7}}

== External links ==
{{Portal|Ireland}}
* [http://www.fingalcoco.ie/ Fingal County Council]
* [http://www.fingal.ie/ Local website]
* [http://www.volunteerfingal.ie/ Fingal Volunteer Centre]

{{Fingal}}
{{Areas of Dublin}}
{{Ireland counties}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Fingal| ]]
[[Category:Counties of the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:County Dublin]]
[[Category:Local government areas of the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in Ireland]]