View source for Firearms regulation in Canada

{{short description|Laws regarding firearms in Canada}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2022}}
[[Firearms]] are federally regulated in Canada through the ''[[Firearms Act (Canada)|Firearms Act]]'', the ''[[Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]]'', and the [[Canadian Firearms Program]], a program operated within the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]]. Regulation is largely about [[possession and acquisition licence|licensing]] and [[Canadian Firearms Registry|registration]] of firearms, including [[air guns]] with a [[muzzle velocity]] of more than {{cvt|500|ft/s|disp=or}} and [[muzzle energy]] greater than {{cvt|4.2|ftlb|disp=or}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/fs-fd/air_gun-arme_air-eng.htm |title=Firearms |date=10 October 2019 |publisher=Royal Canadian Mounted Police |access-date=2020-05-02 |archive-date=2013-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060315/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/fs-fd/air_gun-arme_air-eng.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> 

Civilian ownership and use is legal after obtaining a [[possession and acquisition licence]] (PAL) or a restricted possession and acquisition licence (RPAL) issued by the RCMP. An RPAL is required for handguns and short-barrelled semi-automatic rifles. For PALs there are generally no justification requirements beyond not posing a risk to public safety; RPALs require either gun club membership, demonstration of sufficient firearms knowledge, or a professional carry authorization. However, firearms and licence holders are subject to heavy regulations, and there are many types of firearms that are classed as prohibited. 

Concealed carry is prohibited outside of a lawful profession (e.g. security and trapping). Open carry of non-restricted rifles is federally permitted when adhering to transport regulations. Hunting with a restricted firearm (which includes handguns) is prohibited.

[[Handgun]] registration became law in 1934, and [[automatic firearm]]s registration was added in 1951.  In 1969, laws classified firearms as "non-restricted", "restricted", and "prohibited". Starting in 1979, people who wished to acquire firearms were required to obtain a firearms acquisition certificate (FAC) from their local police agency. From 1995 to present, all firearms owners are required to possess a firearms licence—either a PAL, a possession-only licence (POL), an FAC, or a minor's licence. In April 2012, the [[Parliament of Canada]] enacted the ''Ending the Long-gun Registry Act'' to eliminate the requirement to register non-restricted firearms that had existed from 2001 to 2012.<ref name="Carter2012">{{cite book|last=Carter|first=Gregg Lee|title=Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law, 2nd Edition &#91;3 volumes&#93;: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeGJH48PT0kC&pg=PT250|year=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-38671-8|pages=250–|access-date=2017-05-12|archive-date=2020-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506000059/https://books.google.com/books?id=QeGJH48PT0kC&pg=PT250|url-status=live}}</ref>

A 1996 study showed that Canada was in the mid-range of [[firearm ownership]] when compared with eight other [[Western world|western nations]]. Nearly 22% of Canadian households had at least one firearm, including 2.3% of households possessing a handgun.<ref>In a study of gun ownership in selected nations, Canada's level of gun ownership (21.8%) was similar to France's (23.8%) and Sweden's (16.6%). Of the eight countries compared, firearm ownership was highest in the United States (48.6%) and lowest in the Netherlands (2%).[http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2011/jus/J3-8-1997-3-eng.pdf "Firearms in Canada and Eight Other Western Countries: Selected Findings of the 1996 International Crime (Victim) Survey"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112124554/http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2011/jus/J3-8-1997-3-eng.pdf |date=2014-11-12 }}, Canada Firearms Centre. Accessed: June 11, 2014.</ref> In 2005, almost 3% of households in Canada possessed handguns, compared to 18% of U.S. households that possessed handguns.<ref name="icvs">[http://english.wodc.nl/images/ob257_full%20text_tcm45-103353.pdf Criminal Victimisation in International Perspective] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120065651/http://english.wodc.nl/images/ob257_full%20text_tcm45-103353.pdf |date=2013-01-20 }}, by the [[International Crime Victims Survey]]. See Table 18 on page 279.</ref> Also in 2005, almost 16% of households in Canada possessed firearms of some kind.<ref name="icvs" /> As of September 2010, the [[Canadian Firearms Program]] recorded a total of 1,831,327 valid firearm licences, which is roughly 5.4% of the Canadian population. The four most licensed provinces are [[Ontario]], [[Quebec]], [[Alberta]], and [[British Columbia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/facts-faits/index-eng.htm |title=Facts and Figures |publisher=Rcmp-grc.gc.ca |date=November 1, 2010 |access-date=February 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104165438/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/facts-faits/index-eng.htm |archive-date=January 4, 2011 }}</ref>

On May 1, 2020, in the wake of a [[2020 Nova Scotia attacks|mass killing in Nova Scotia]], Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] announced an immediate prohibition on around 1,500 models of "military-grade [[assault-style weapons]]", mostly [[semi-auto rifle]]s, via an [[order in council]] under the authority of the ''Criminal Code''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Justin Trudeau announces federal 'ban' on 'assault-style' firearms in Canada (Full transcript) |url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/justin-trudeau-announces-federal-ban-on-military-grade-assault-weapons-in-canada-full-transcript/ |website=Maclean's |date=May 1, 2020 |access-date=May 1, 2020 |archive-date=May 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503030318/https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/justin-trudeau-announces-federal-ban-on-military-grade-assault-weapons-in-canada-full-transcript/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=SOR_2020-96>{{cite canlaw |type=reg |regtitle=Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and Other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Cartridge Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited, Restricted or Non-Restricted |regnumber=SOR/2020-96 |link=https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2020/2020-05-01-x3/html/sor-dors96-eng.html }}</ref> This list was expanded in December 2024, adding over 300 more models as prohibited.<ref name=govt_2024_ban>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Public Safety |date=2024-12-05 |title=Government of Canada extends list of prohibited assault-style firearms and moves forward on regulatory changes to strengthen gun control |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/public-safety-canada/news/2024/12/government-of-canada-extends-list-of-prohibited-assault-style-firearms-and-moves-forward-on-regulatory-changes-to-strengthen-gun-control.html |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=www.canada.ca}}</ref> On October 21, 2022, the Government of Canada implemented a freeze on the sale and transfer of handguns with plans to introduce a gun buyback program.<ref name=j_bronskill>{{Cite news |last=Bronskill |first=Jim |date=2022-10-21 |title=Canada's freeze on handgun sales now in effect |language=en-CA |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-federal-freeze-on-buying-selling-handguns-now-in-effect-mendicino-says/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |archive-date=2022-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021150249/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-federal-freeze-on-buying-selling-handguns-now-in-effect-mendicino-says/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of January 2025, the buyback program has not yet started, reportedly due to [[Canada Post]] having concerns about employee security.<ref>{{cite web |last=Leblanc |first=Daniel |title=Canada Post refusing to collect banned guns for Ottawa's buyback program |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/guns-firearms-buyback-canada-post-1.7181080 |website=CBC News |date=April 23, 2024 |url-status=live |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423135748/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/guns-firearms-buyback-canada-post-1.7181080 |access-date=April 23, 2024 }}</ref>

==History of firearm laws==
In Canada, controls on civilian use of firearms date from the early days of [[Confederation of Canada|Confederation]], when [[justices of the peace]] could impose penalties for carrying a handgun without [[reasonable cause]].<ref name=firearms-history/> Amendments to the ''[[Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]]'' between the 1890s and the 1970s introduced a series of controls on firearms, including registration of handguns, and later, registration of fully automatic firearms. In the late 1970s, additional controls were introduced, followed by additional increases in controls in the mid-1990s.

The following is a summary of the history of [[gun control]] laws in Canada:<ref name=firearms-history>[http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/pol-leg/hist/con-eng.htm  "History of Firearms Control in Canada: Up to and Including the ''Firearms Act''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030113639/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/pol-leg/hist/con-eng.htm |date=2009-10-30 }} Canadian Firearms Centre. Accessed: June 3, 2006.</ref><ref name="statscan">{{cite web |url=http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/85-002-XIE/0090185-002-XIE.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001194231/http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/85-002-XIE/0090185-002-XIE.pdf |archive-date=October 1, 2006 |title=Untitled-4 |access-date=February 28, 2011 }}</ref>

===1885 - 1968===
*The Parliament instituted a system of gun control in the [[Northwest Territories|North-West Territories]] in 1885 to hinder the [[North-West Rebellion]]. Permission in writing from the territorial government was needed to possess any firearm (other than a smooth-bore shotgun), and also ammunition. Possession of a firearm or ammunition without the necessary permit was an offence, and could lead to the forfeiture of the firearm and ammunition.<ref>{{cite canlaw |short title=The North-West Territories Act |abbr=RSC |year=1886 |chapter=50 |section=101 |link=http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/english/statutes/historical/NWT.pdf}}</ref>  These gun control provisions applied to all of what is now Alberta, [[Saskatchewan]], parts of [[Manitoba]], the current Northwest Territories, [[Yukon]], and [[Nunavut]].
*The ''Criminal Code'', enacted in 1892, required individuals to have a permit to carry a pistol unless the owner had cause to fear assault or injury. Not until 1935 was it considered an offence to sell a pistol to anyone under 16. Vendors who sold handguns had to keep records, including purchaser's name, the date of sale and a description of the gun.
*In the 1920s, permits became necessary for all firearms newly acquired by foreigners.
*Legislation in 1934 required the registration of handguns with records identifying the owner, the owner's address and the firearm. Registration certificates were issued and records kept by the [[commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] (RCMP) or by other police forces designated by provincial attorneys general.
*In 1947, the definition of murder in the ''Criminal Code'' was expanded to include situations where an individual committed certain offences such as rape, robbery, burglary, or arson while armed with a weapon, and death ensued, whether or not the accused intended to cause death.<ref>''Criminal Code'', RSC 1927, c. 36, s. 260, as amended by SC 1947, c. 55, s. 7</ref> This offence was struck down as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1987 in the case of ''[[R. v. Vaillancourt]]''.
* Automatic firearms were added to the category of firearms that had to be registered in 1951. The registry system was centralized under the commissioner of the RCMP.

===1969 - 2000===
* In 1969, [[Bill C-150]] created categories of "non-restricted", "restricted" and "prohibited" firearms. Police were also given preventive powers of search and seizure by judicial warrant if they had grounds to believe that firearms that belonged to an individual endangered the safety of society.
* In 1977, Bill C-51 required firearms acquisition certificates (FACs) to purchase any firearm, and introduced controls on the selling of [[ammunition]]. Applicants were required to pass a basic criminal record check before receiving the FAC. Fully automatic firearms were reclassified from restricted to prohibited-class, with an exception for current owners ([[grandfathering]]).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cukier |first1=Wendy |last2=Sidel |first2=Victor W. |title=The Global Gun Epidemic: From Saturday Night Specials to AK-47s |year=2006 |publisher=Praeger Security |isbn=0-275-98256-4 |pages=143-144}}</ref>
* The 1989 [[École Polytechnique massacre]] spurred a movement for stronger gun control in Canada, led by [[PolySeSouvient]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bronskill |first=Jim |date=November 26, 2019 |title=Polytechnique shooting survivors call on Liberals to ban sales of assault-style weapons |language=en-CA |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-polytechnique-shooting-survivors-call-on-liberals-to-ban-sales-of/ |access-date=2023-06-08}}</ref>
* In 1991, Bill C-17 was introduced, coming into force between 1992 and 1994. It required FAC applicants to pass a safety course in addition to a thorough background check, and to wait a minimum of 28 days after applying before an FAC could be issued. It also created new ''Criminal Code'' offences, new definitions for prohibited and restricted weapons, and new regulations for firearms dealers. It increased penalties for firearm-related crimes. It clearly outlined regulations for firearms storage, handling and transportation.<ref name=firearms-history/>
* A major focus of C-17 was the control of military and paramilitary firearms. It created orders prohibiting or restricting most paramilitary rifles and some types of non-sporting ammunition. It prohibited firearms that had been converted to avoid a 1978 prohibition (exempting existing owners), and it prohibited high-capacity magazines for automatic and semi-automatic firearms.<ref name=firearms-history/> (It limited [[handguns]] to ten rounds and most semi-automatic centre-fire rifles to five rounds.)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/bulletins/bus-ent/20110323-72-eng.htm |title=Facts and Figures |website=Royal Canadian Mounted Police |date=May 11, 2015 |access-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924085415/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/bulletins/bus-ent/20110323-72-eng.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In 1995, Bill C-68 enacted the ''[[Firearms Act (Canada)|Firearms Act]]'', with related amendments to the ''Criminal Code''. It implemented a new central licensing system to replace the FAC system. It also required registration of all firearms and firearm licence holders; banned short-barrelled handguns under 105&nbsp;mm in length, in addition to banning .25 and .32-calibre handguns with "grandfathering" for previous owners; and required a licence to buy ammunition. Most of the bill's provisions came into force in 1998, and the registration of long guns became mandatory in 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ccja-acjp.ca/en/c19en.html |title=Bill C-19 - An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Firearms Act |date=February 2012 |website=Canadian Criminal Justice Association |access-date=March 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140307195923/https://www.ccja-acjp.ca/en/c19en.html |archive-date=March 7, 2014 }}</ref>
* The legislation was upheld by the Supreme Court in ''[[Reference re Firearms Act]]'' (2000). The FAC system was replaced with possession-only licences (POLs) and [[possession and acquisition licence]]s (PALs).

===2001 - 2019===
* In 2001, the registration portion of Bill C-68 was implemented. The government asked for all firearms, including long guns (rifles and shotguns), to be registered.
* In 2003, the registration of long guns became mandatory. Failure to register a firearm resulted in criminal charges.
* In 2006, although legislation was still in place, the government no longer asked [[long gun]] owners for a registration fee and an amnesty (until May 16, 2011) temporarily protected licensed owners of non-restricted firearms (or those whose licences had expired since January 1, 2004) from prosecution for the possession of unregistered long guns.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tories give long guns a break |website=The Globe and Mail |date=May 17, 2006 |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060517.wguns0517/BNStory/National/home |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215100316/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060517.wguns0517/BNStory/National/home |archive-date=February 15, 2009 }}</ref>
* In November 2009, Bill C-391 passed second reading in the House of Commons by a vote of 164 to 137. If passed through the entire parliamentary process by the House and Senate, the bill would have abolished the requirement to register non-restricted long guns. While the proposed legislation was a [[private member's bill]], it had the support of the Conservative government. The bill was referred to the House of Commons Committee on Public Safety for further action. However, after several months of hearings, the Opposition majority on the committee recommended that no further action be taken to advance the bill. In September 2010, Bill C-391 failed to pass a third reading.
* On October 25, 2011, Public Safety Minister [[Vic Toews]] introduced a bill to amend the ''Criminal Code'' and the ''Firearms Act'', to abolish the long gun registry and destroy all records.
* On February 15, 2012, Bill C-19 passed third reading in the House of Commons; the motion to abolish the long gun registry passed 159 to 130 and Bill C-19 became law.<ref>{{cite web | title=Bill C-19 is law – Canada's Long Gun Registration Ends | url=https://nfa.ca/news/bill-c-19-law-%E2%80%93-canada%E2%80%99s-long-gun-registration-ends | date=April 5, 2012 | website=[[National Firearms Association]] | access-date=December 17, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220205102/https://nfa.ca/news/bill-c-19-law-%E2%80%93-canada%E2%80%99s-long-gun-registration-ends | archive-date=December 20, 2016 | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Bill C-19 (Historical) | url=https://openparliament.ca/bills/41-1/C-19/ |website=OpenParliament | access-date=December 17, 2016 | archive-date=December 21, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221003841/https://openparliament.ca/bills/41-1/C-19/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
* In October 2014, Public Safety Minister Stephen Blaney and the Conservatives introduced another bill, Bill C-42, also known as the ''Common Sense Firearms Licensing Act''. This legislation reduced required paperwork for the transportation of restricted firearms, held by licensed firearms owners, for certain lawful activities (such as transportation to a shooting range and to gunsmiths or gun shows).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/notice-avis-2015-09-eng.htm#a2 |title=Firearms |date=10 October 2019 |website=Royal Canadian Mounted Police |access-date=2020-05-02 |archive-date=2019-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121160319/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/notice-avis-2015-09-eng.htm#a2 |url-status=live }}</ref> It lifted the ban on the [[Swiss Arms Classic Green Carbine]], introduced a six-month "grace period" for firearms licence renewals before an individual might otherwise face criminal charges and abolished the possession-only licence, permitting holders of such licences to enjoy the same full acquisition privileges as a PAL holders. The legislation also implemented mandatory training for all first-time firearms licence applicants. This legislation was passed and enacted in 2015,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://openparliament.ca/bills/41-2/C-42/|title=Bill C-42 (Historical)|access-date=2016-02-12|archive-date=2016-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216053536/https://openparliament.ca/bills/41-2/C-42/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ammoland.com/2015/06/common-sense-firearms-licensing-act/#axzz3zzCnE9K4|title=The 'Common Sense Firearms Licensing Act' Is Now The Law Of The Land In Canada|work=AmmoLand Shooting Sports News|date=19 June 2015|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=16 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216000702/http://www.ammoland.com/2015/06/common-sense-firearms-licensing-act/#axzz3zzCnE9K4|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ammoland.com/2015/08/harper-government-new-provisions-of-common-sense-gun-licensing-act-coming-to-force/#axzz3zzCnE9K4|title=Harper Government: New Provisions Of Common Sense Gun Licensing Act Coming To Force|work=AmmoLand Shooting Sports News|date=4 August 2015|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=15 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215234246/http://www.ammoland.com/2015/08/harper-government-new-provisions-of-common-sense-gun-licensing-act-coming-to-force/#axzz3zzCnE9K4|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=989079 |title=Archived - The Common Sense Firearms Licensing Act receives Royal Assent - Canada News Centre |website=news.gc.ca |publisher=Government of Canada |date=June 18, 2015 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216225409/http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=989079 |archive-date=February 16, 2016 }}</ref> but the new Liberal government, formed in November 2015, pledged to reverse some of its provisions.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Graeme |title=Firearms groups apoplectic after Liberals promise new gun control measures |date=October 7, 2015 |website=National Post |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/firearms-groups-apoplectic-after-liberals-promise-new-gun-control-measures |access-date=February 12, 2016 |archive-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020040648/https://nationalpost.com/category/news/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* On June 21, 2019, Bill C-71, ''An Act to Amend certain Acts and Regulations in relation to firearms'' received Royal Assent. The new legislation extended background checks from five years to a lifetime, implemented a point-of-sale registration by business, required authorization to transport restricted and prohibited firearms to locations other than the range (e.g. gunsmiths, gun shows, etc.) through strengthened transportation requirements; and, safeguard the impartial classification of firearms by putting the responsibility in the hands of technical experts, who make these determinations based on the ''Criminal Code'', among others.

===2020 - ===
[[File:Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s remarks announcing a ban on assault-style firearms in Canada.webm|thumb|Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]]'s remarks announcing a ban on "assault-style" firearms in Canada]]
* In the wake of the [[2020 Nova Scotia attacks]], Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced on May 1, 2020, that 1,500 models of "assault-style" weapons, largely semi-automatic guns, would be classified as prohibited effective immediately.<ref name=trudeauban>{{cite web|title=PM Trudeau announces federal ban on assault-style firearms in Canada|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/more-than-1k-models-of-assault-style-weapons-now-prohibited-in-canada-pm-trudeau/|last=Aiello|first=Rachel|date=May 1, 2020|website=CTV News|language=en|access-date=May 1, 2020|archive-date=May 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501174044/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/pm-trudeau-announces-federal-ban-on-assault-style-firearms-in-canada-1.4920528|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the term "assault-style" is not defined in Canadian law.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-gun-control-measures-ban-1.5552131 |title=Trudeau announces ban on 1,500 types of 'assault-style' firearms — effective immediately |website=CBC News |date=May 1, 2020 |access-date=June 4, 2020 |archive-date=May 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501160046/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-gun-control-measures-ban-1.5552131 |url-status=live }}</ref> The law granted a two-year [[amnesty]] period and provided owners with various methods to dispose, register or participate in a [[gun buyback program|buyback scheme]].<ref name=real>{{cite web |last1=Ballingall |first1=Alex |title=Ottawa will let gun owners keep 'military-style' firearms despite nationwide ban |url=https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2020/05/01/prime-minister-trudeau-announces-ban-on-1500-types-of-military-style-guns.html |website=Toronto Star |access-date=1 May 2020 |date=26 June 2020 |archive-date=1 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501163241/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2020/05/01/prime-minister-trudeau-announces-ban-on-1500-types-of-military-style-guns.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Six weeks before the amnesty order was to come into effect the deadline was extended until October 30, 2023, so that officials could plan the confiscation program, and allow owners and businesses to remain in compliance with the law.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-03-16 |title=Government takes action to prevent gun violence with $250 million Building Safer Communities Fund |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/public-safety-canada/news/2022/03/government-takes-action-to-prevent-gun-violence-with-250-million-building-safer-communities-fund.html |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=www.canada.ca}}</ref>
* On October 21, 2022, a national freeze on the sale of handguns was put in effect via an order-in-council. New handguns could no longer be bought. Existing ones could continue to be used but could not be transferred.<ref name=j_bronskill></ref> The freeze was later codified into the ''Firearms Act'' as part of Bill C-21, which received royal assent in 2023.<ref name=rcmp_handgun_freeze>{{cite web |title=What you need to know: changes to handgun transfers |website=Royal Canadian Mounted Police |access-date=2025-01-15 |url=https://rcmp.ca/en/firearms/what-you-need-know-changes-handgun-transfers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107033810/https://rcmp.ca/en/firearms/what-you-need-know-changes-handgun-transfers |archive-date=2024-11-07}}</ref>
* On December 1, 2024, over 300 firearms were reclassified as prohibited. This was implemented on the anniversary of the École Polytechnique massacre.<ref name=govt_2024_ban></ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Blouin |first1=Louis |last2=Major |first2=Darren |title=Liberal government adds hundreds of firearm models to list of banned weapons |website=CBC News |date=2024-12-05 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberal-gun-control-announcement-1.7402187}}</ref> The reclassification included amnesty for existing owners until at least November 2025.<ref>{{cite canlaw |type=reg |regtitle=Regulations Amending the Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and Other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Cartridge Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited or Restricted |regnumber=SOR/2024-248 |link=https://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2024/2024-12-06-x3/html/sor-dors248-eng.html}}</ref>

==Licensing of firearms owners==
{{Main|Possession and Acquisition Licence}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"
|+ Individual firearms licences, 2019<ref>[https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/firearms/2019-commissioner-firearms-report 2019 Commissioner of Firearms Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126093911/https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/firearms/2019-commissioner-firearms-report |date=2022-01-26 }} Royal Canadian Mounted Police</ref>
|-
!scope="col"|  Jurisdiction
!scope="col" data-sort-type=number | Possession and acquisition licences
!scope="col" data-sort-type=number | Population, 2019<ref>[https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901&cubeTimeFrame.startMonth=10&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=2019&cubeTimeFrame.endMonth=10&cubeTimeFrame.endYear=2019&referencePeriods=20191001%2C20191001 Population estimates, quarterly] Statistics Canada</ref>
!scope="col" data-sort-type=number | Licences per 100 people
|-
| style="text-align: left" | '''Canada''' || 2,219,344 || 37,811,399 || 5.87
|-
| style="text-align: left" | {{flag|Alberta}} || 326,519 || 4,384,982 || 7.45
|-
| style="text-align: left" | {{flag|British Columbia}} || 310,193 || 5,130,251 || 6.05
|-
| style="text-align: left" | {{flag|Manitoba}} || 93,425 || 1,374,081 || 6.80
|-
| style="text-align: left" | {{flag|New Brunswick}} || 70,958 || 780,631 || 9.09
|-
| style="text-align: left" | {{flag|Newfoundland and Labrador}} || 77,116 || 523,847 || 14.72
|-
| style="text-align: left" | {{flag|Northwest Territories}} || 6,022 || 45,189 || 13.33
|-
| style="text-align: left" | {{flag|Nova Scotia}} || 77,017 || 976,495 || 7.89
|-
| style="text-align: left" | {{flag|Nunavut}} || 3,859 || 38,625 || 9.99
|-
| style="text-align: left" | {{flag|Ontario}} || 628,714 || 14,638,247 || 4.29
|-
| style="text-align: left" | {{flag|Prince Edward Island}} || 6,530 || 158,778 || 4.11
|-
| style="text-align: left" | {{flag|Quebec}} || 497,862 || 8,542,198 || 5.83
|-
| style="text-align: left" | {{flag|Saskatchewan}} || 113,143 || 1,176,427 || 9.62
|-
| style="text-align: left" | {{flag|Yukon}} || 7,986 || 41,648 || 19.17
|}
All licensing and registration is managed by the RCMP's [[Canadian Firearms Program]] (CFP), under the Deputy Commissioner Policing Support Services (PSS). There are three classes of firearms and firearm licences: non-restricted, restricted, and prohibited. Prohibited firearms are not forbidden outright, as the name might imply, but their legal possession and acquisition are dependent upon their registration history and an individual's firearm licence.<ref name=RCMP-Prohibited>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/fs-fd/prohibited-prohibe-eng.htm |title=Prohibited Firearms - Royal Canadian Mounted Police |date=December 3, 2013 |website=rcmp-grc.gc.ca |publisher=Royal Canadian Mounted Police |access-date=March 7, 2014 |archive-date=October 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002020340/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/fs-fd/prohibited-prohibe-eng.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> As of December 1, 1998, the prohibited clause must be grandfathered to acquire or possess prohibited firearms. See [[#Classifications|Classification of firearms]] below for complete details on prohibited, restricted and non-restricted firearms.

Individuals who wish to possess or acquire firearms in Canada must have a valid possession-acquisition, or possession-only, licence (PAL/POL); either of these licences allows the licensee to purchase ammunition. The PAL is distributed exclusively by the RCMP and is generally obtained in the following three steps:
# Safety training: To be eligible to receive a PAL, all applicants must successfully complete the Canadian Firearms Safety Course<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/safe_sur/cour-eng.htm |title=Canadian Firearms Safety Course |publisher=Rcmp-grc.gc.ca |date=February 13, 2004 |access-date=February 28, 2011 |archive-date=January 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105181101/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/safe_sur/cour-eng.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> (CFSC) for a non-restricted licence, and the Canadian Restricted Firearms Safety Course<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/safe_sur/cour-res-eng.htm |title=Canadian Restricted Firearms Safety Course |publisher=Rcmp-grc.gc.ca |date=February 5, 2004 |access-date=February 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105181345/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/safe_sur/cour-res-eng.htm |archive-date=January 5, 2011 }}</ref> (CRFSC) for a restricted licence (RPAL); the non-restricted class is a prerequisite to the restricted licence. An individual must score 80% or higher to pass the courses. Each province/territory's chief firearms officer publishes information on the locations and availability of these courses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pub.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/safe_sur/cont-eng.htm |title=CFSC and CRFSC Contact Information |publisher=Pub.rcmp-grc.gc.ca |date=January 11, 2011 |access-date=February 28, 2011 |archive-date=February 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208011709/http://pub.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/safe_sur/cont-eng.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
# Applying for a licence: Only two types of licences are available to new applicants: the possession-acquisition licence (PAL) and the restricted-class possession-acquisition licence (RPAL). People can request a PAL/RPAL by filling out Form CAFC&nbsp;921.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/form-formulaire/num-nom/921-eng.htm |title=Form CAFC 921 |date=October 5, 2011 |publisher=RCMP |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015071518/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/form-formulaire/num-nom/921-eng.htm |archive-date=October 15, 2011 }}</ref>
# Security screening: enhanced [[background check]] and interviews with current and former [[spouse|conjugal partner]]s, as well as interviews with two references are performed. All applicants are screened, and a mandatory 28-day waiting period is imposed on first-time applicants, but final approval time may be longer.<ref name="newsinreview.cbclearning.ca">{{cite web|url=http://newsinreview.cbclearning.ca/wp-content/archives/feb03/PDFs/guns.pdf|title=THE GUN LAW: PRO AND CON|access-date=May 12, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823054939/http://newsinreview.cbclearning.ca/wp-content/archives/feb03/PDFs/guns.pdf|archive-date=August 23, 2011}}</ref>

Licences are typically valid for five years and must be renewed prior to expiry to maintain all classes. Once licensed for restricted firearms (RPAL), an individual can request a firearm transfer for the restricted firearm;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/form-formulaire/index-eng.htm#f4 |title=Forms |publisher=Rcmp-grc.gc.ca |date=June 1, 2010 |access-date=February 28, 2011 |archive-date=January 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104155902/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/form-formulaire/index-eng.htm#f4 |url-status=live }}</ref> and an authorization to transport (ATT) for restricted firearms.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/form-formulaire/pdfs/679-eng.pdf |title=Information Sheet: Application for an Authorization to Transport Restricted Firearms and Prohibited Firearms |website=Rcmp-grc.gc.ca |access-date=February 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924085603/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/form-formulaire/pdfs/679-eng.pdf |archive-date=September 24, 2015 }}</ref> People may hunt with firearms in Canada only with non-restricted firearms, and this requires an additional "Hunting with Firearms" course.

==Laws and regulations==
===Prohibited devices===
* [[Replica firearm]]s (i.e., "any device that is designed or intended to exactly resemble, or to resemble with near precision, a firearm, and that itself is not a firearm, but does not include any such device that is designed or intended to exactly resemble, or to resemble with near precision, an antique firearm")<ref name="SOR_98-462"/> 
** Due to how firearms are defined in statute, [[airsoft]] replicas can be legally obtained without a licence if they have a muzzle velocity of greater than {{cvt|366|ft/s}} but less than {{cvt|500|ft/s}}, any replicas under 366 ft/s would be considered prohibited unless it is obviously a toy (e.g. made out of clear plastic or at a drastically different scale).<ref>{{cite web |title=Specific types of firearms |website=Royal Canadian Mounted Police |url=https://rcmp.ca/en/firearms/classes-firearms/specific-types-firearms |access-date=2025-01-16}}</ref><ref name=k_horne>{{cite web |last1=Horne |first1=Kieron |title=Everything You Need To Know About Airsoft In Canada |website=RedWolf Airsoft |url=https://www.redwolfairsoft.com/blog/everything-you-need-to-know-about-airsoft-in-canada |date=2024-01-08 |access-date=2025-01-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Dallas|last=Mack |title=When is a "Firearm" not a "Weapon"? |website=CanLii Connects |publisher=Canadian Legal Information Institute |date=2014-09-28 |url=https://canliiconnects.org/en/summaries/29918}}</ref> A brightly-coloured tip (or the absence of such) has no bearing on its legality.<ref name=k_horne></ref><ref>{{cite CanLII |format=canlii |litigants=Arthur v. Canada Border Services Agency |year=2008 |num=2725 |courtname=Canadian International Trade Tribunal |pinpoint=para. 16}}</ref> Some provinces restrict the purchase of airsoft replicas to those who are at least 18 years of age.<ref>{{cite canlaw |short title=Imitation Firearms Regulation Act, 2000|abbr=SO|year=2000|chapter=37|link=https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/s00037|linkloc=Ontario e-Laws}}</ref><ref>{{cite canlaw |short title=Firearm Violence Protection Act|abbr=SBC|year=2023|chapter=7|part=2|link=https://www.canlii.org/en/bc/laws/astat/sbc-2021-c-7/latest/sbc-2021-c-7.html|linkloc=CanLII}}</ref>
* [[Suppressor]]s (i.e., "a device or contrivance designed or intended to reduce the perceived loudness of firearm, typically between 17-24 dB of the initial report  ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322256081_The_reduction_of_gunshot_noise_and_auditory_risk_through_the_use_of_firearm_suppressors_and_low-velocity_ammunition Murphy et.al, 2013])")<ref name="SOR_98-462"/>
*Handgun [[Gun barrel|barrels]] that are {{convert|105|mm}} and under (excluding barrels of pistols used in international sporting competitions governed by the rules of the [[International Shooting Sport Federation|International Shooting Union]])<ref name="SOR_98-462"/>
* Electrical or mechanical devices designed or adapted to render the [[Trigger (mechanism)|trigger mechanism]] of a [[semi-automatic firearm]] to discharge in a [[Fully automatic|fully-automatic]] fashion<ref name="SOR_98-462"/>
* "Any rifle, shotgun or [[carbine]] stock of the type known as the '[[bullpup|bull-pup]]' design, being a stock that, when combined with a firearm, reduces the overall length of the firearm such that a substantial part of the reloading action or the magazine-well is located behind the trigger of the firearm when it is held in the normal firing position"<ref name="SOR_98-462">{{cite canlaw |type=reg |regtitle=Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Ammunition Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited or Restricted |regnumber=SOR/98-462 |link=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-98-462/FullText.html}}</ref> (i.e., only removable stocks are prohibited by this regulation; fixed-stock firearms such as the [[FN PS90]], [[QBZ-95#Civilian variants|Norinco Type 97]] and [[IWI Tavor]] are excluded).

===Prohibited ammunition===
* [[Armor-piercing ammunition|Handgun ammunition designed to penetrate body armour]]; for example: KTW and THV round, 5.7 × 28&nbsp;mm (excluding sporting rounds such as [[SS196SR]] and SS197SR).<ref name="SOR_98-462"/>
* [[Incendiary ammunition|Incendiary]] or explosive ammunition designed for use in or in conjunction with a cartridge and does not exceed 15&nbsp;mm in diameter.<ref name="SOR_98-462"/>
* [[Flechette]] rounds<ref name="SOR_98-462"/>

===Magazine capacity===
[[File:PinnedARMag.jpg|thumb|Common [[7.62×39mm]] [[AR-15 style rifle|AR-15]] 30 round magazines that have been pinned to 5 rounds]]
[[Magazine (firearms)|Magazines]] designed to contain [[centre-fire]] cartridges and designed or manufactured for use in a semiautomatic [[handgun]] are limited to 10 cartridges. Magazines designed to contain [[centre-fire]] cartridges and designed or manufactured for use in a [[semiautomatic rifle]] are limited to 5 cartridges. The capacity is measured by the kind of cartridge the magazine was designed to contain. In some cases the magazine is capable of containing more than 10 rounds of a different calibre; however, that is not relevant in the determination of the maximum permitted capacity.<ref name="rcmp-grc.gc.ca">{{cite web |url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/bulletins/bus-ent/20110323-72-eng.htm |title=Maximum Permitted Magazine Capacity - Royal Canadian Mounted Police |website=Rcmp-grc.gc.ca |date=May 11, 2015 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233352/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/bulletins/bus-ent/20110323-72-eng.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

The maximum permitted capacity of a magazine is determined by the kind of firearm it is designed or manufactured for and not the kind of firearm that might actually use it. As a consequence, the maximum permitted capacity remains the same regardless of which firearm it might be used in. Example: The [[Marlin Camp carbine]] chambered for [[.45 ACP]] uses magazines designed and manufactured for the [[M1911 pistol]], therefore the seven- and eight-round capacities are permitted. A similar example is the 10-round capacity magazine for the [[Rock River Arms]] LAR-15 pistol, regardless of the kind of firearm it is actually used in.<ref name="rcmp-grc.gc.ca"/>

Many common magazines are manufactured to hold more rounds than law allows in Canada. These magazines must be permanently altered so they no longer hold more than the number of rounds (5 for [[semi-auto rifles]], 10 for pistols) allowed by law. Acceptable ways to alter a magazine are set out in the ''Criminal Code'' regulations.<ref name="SOR_98-462"/>

===Age restrictions/Minor's Licence===
By law, a potential customer must be 18 years of age or older to purchase a firearm (non-restricted or restricted) or legally maintain possession of one. Minors 12-17 may procure a minor's licence, which does not allow them to purchase a firearm but allows them to borrow a non-restricted firearm unsupervised and purchase ammunition. Children under the age of 12 that are found to need a non-restricted firearm to hunt or trap may also be awarded the minor's licence. This is generally reserved for children in remote locations, primarily [[Aboriginal peoples in Canada|aboriginal communities]] that engage in subsistence hunting.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/fs-fd/minor-mineur-eng.htm |title=Firearm Users Younger than 18 - Royal Canadian Mounted Police |website=Rcmp-grc.gc.ca |date=August 17, 2015 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221329/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/cfp-pcaf/fs-fd/minor-mineur-eng.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Registration===
As of January 1, 2001, all firearms in Canada were required to be registered with the [[Canadian Firearms Registry]]. Unlike restricted-class firearms, in order to legally own a fully automatic firearm in Canada the prohibited-class firearm needs to not only have a current registration but must also have been [[grandfathering|registered prior to 1978]].<ref>Masters, Jonathan, "How do U.S. gun laws compare to other countries?", Public Broadcasting Service: News Hour and The Council on Foreign Relations, Updated on Nov 17, 2017, Published on June 13, 2016. www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/how-do-u-s-gun-laws-compare-to-other-countries. Retrieved February 16, 2021.</ref>

The repeal of the long-gun registry had been a long-standing campaign promise of the [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative Party]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/18/worlddispatch "Gun control in Canadian sights"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308012016/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/18/worlddispatch |date=2016-03-08 }}, ''The Guardian'', September 18, 2006</ref> In early 2006, the Conservative Party became the largest party in the [[39th Canadian Parliament|House of Commons]], and the [[28th Canadian Ministry|new government]] announced an [[amnesty]] period of one year (later extended by a further year) in which licensed or previously licensed long-gun owners would not be punished for not registering their long guns. The legal requirement to register as set forth by law was not revoked; legislation to revoke the requirement to register long guns was introduced by the government during the 39th Parliament but was not brought to a vote. It was opposed by the Opposition parties who together had a majority of seats in the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]]. Similar legislation was again brought forward in the form of private member's Bill C-391 during the 40th Parliament but was narrowly defeated on September 22, 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/LegisInfo/BillDetails.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&billId=4328798 |title=Private Member's Bill C-391 (40-2) |publisher=Parliament of Canada |access-date=April 10, 2012 |archive-date=May 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518041140/http://www.parl.gc.ca/LegisInfo/BillDetails.aspx?billId=4328798&Language=E&Mode=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> During the 41st Parliament the newly formed Conservative majority government again introduced legislation to repeal the requirement to register non-restricted firearms and to destroy the registry database. Bill C-19, known as the ''Ending the Long-gun Registry Act'', passed both the House and Senate and received royal assent on April 5, 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/LegisInfo/BillDetails.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&billId=5188309 |title=House Government Bill C-19 (41-1) |publisher=Parliament of Canada |access-date=April 10, 2012 |archive-date=May 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510085239/http://www.parl.gc.ca/LegisInfo/BillDetails.aspx?billId=5188309&Language=E&Mode=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Following the 2012 changes to the law, Canadians were no longer required to register non-restricted firearms. Further, existing public records kept by the Canadian Firearms Registry with regards to owners of non-restricted firearms were purportedly expunged.<ref>Masters, Jonathan, "How do U.S. gun laws compare to other countries?", PBS/CFR. (June 2016). www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/how-do-u-s-gun-laws-compare-to-other-countries. Retrieved February 16, 2021.</ref> The requirement for all firearms owners to possess a valid firearms licence remained law.<ref name="Carter2012b">{{cite book|author=Gregg Lee Carter|title=Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law, 2nd Edition &#91;3 volumes&#93;: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeGJH48PT0kC&pg=PT250|year= 2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-38671-8|pages=250–}}</ref>

Though the ''Ending the Long-gun Registry Act'' applied across Canada, implementation of the law was temporarily delayed in [[Quebec]], after the provincial government challenged the repeal in the courts. In 2015, the [[Supreme Court of Canada]] ruled against Quebec, entirely eliminating non-restricted registry records. However, the government of Quebec received a partial copy of the deleted federal firearms registry, and created a provincial firearms registry.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://siaf.gouv.qc.ca/accueil.html?L=1 |title=Home |publisher=SIAF : Québec Firearms Registration Service |date=2019-01-29 |access-date=2020-05-02 |archive-date=2020-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505143709/https://siaf.gouv.qc.ca/accueil.html?L=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> The government of Quebec gave residents until January 29, 2019, to register non-restricted firearms within the province with the Quebec Firearms Registration Service (SIAF).<ref>siaf.gouv.qc.ca/accueil.html?L=1</ref>

Following the [[2020 Nova Scotia attacks]], the minority Liberal government under Justin Trudeau, announced a nationwide ban on "military style weapons" and "[[assault-style weapons]]". Neither of these two classifications had existed previously under Canadian law, but the policy effectively moved around 1500 types of firearms from the restricted and non-restricted categories to the prohibited column alongside automatic long-guns.<ref>Connally, Amanda, "Canada's gun ban has some owners confused, angry. Here's what we know about the rules", Global News (May 28, 2020). globalnews.ca/news/6964855/canada-gun-ban-details/. Retrieved February 16, 2021.</ref> Though a buyback program is being formulated for these types of weapons, it is not currently expected to be mandatory.<ref>Austen, Ian, "In Sweeping Weapons Bill, Canada Would Allow Cities to Ban Handguns: The legislation, building on a ban of military-style weapons issued last year, would also make it easier to revoke gun licenses." The New York Times, (February 16, 2021). www.nytimes.com/2021/02/16/international-home/handgun-bill-canada.html. Retrieved February 16, 2021.</ref>

===Legality of self-defence===
The issue of the legality of self-defence with a firearm in Canada has been the subject of controversy. While [[self-defence]] is legal, it is very restricted. Use of force with a firearm is legal as long as a life is in danger and the force used is not excessive. The framework for determining if an act of self-defence is legally justified is laid out in Sections 34 and 35 of the ''Criminal Code''.<ref>{{Cite canlaw|short title  =Criminal Code|abbr =RSC|year =1985|chapter =C-46|section =34.|link =https://lois-laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-46/section-34.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite canlaw|short title  =Criminal Code|abbr =RSC|year =1985|chapter =C-46|section =35.|link =https://lois-laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-46/section-35.html}}</ref>

Obtaining a PAL for self-defence is possible, as there is no legal justification requirement for obtaining one (provided that the applicant does not pose a risk to themselves or others).<ref>{{Cite canlaw |short title =Firearms Act |abbr=SC |year=1995 |chapter=39 |section=5 |link=https://lois-laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/F-11.6/section-5.html}}</ref> However, self-defence being the primary reason for obtaining a PAL is generally discouraged and may arouse suspicion if discovered during the application process. RPALs are issued for self-defence only to those with valid [[authorization to carry]] (ATC),<ref name=rcmp_classes>{{cite web |title=Classes of Firearms in Canada |website=Royal Canadian Mounted Police |url=https://rcmp.ca/en/firearms/classes-firearms/classes-firearms-canada |access-date=2025-01-14}}</ref> which in turn is almost impossible to obtain.

Authorization to carry can be issued for self-defence only if there is credible proof that a person's life is being actively targeted in a way which police cannot provide sufficient protection.<ref>{{Cite canlaw |short title =Firearms Act |abbr=SC |year=1995 |chapter=39 |section=20 |link=https://lois-laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/F-11.6/section-20.html}}</ref><ref name=SOR_98-207>{{cite canlaw |type=reg |regtitle=Authorizations to Carry Restricted Firearms and Certain Handguns Regulations|regnumber=SOR/98-207 |link=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-98-207/section-2.html}}</ref> This situation is extremely rare: the public RCMP ATC application refers only to protection of life during employment that involves handling of valuable goods or dangerous wildlife.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/wam/media/3625/original/db5cc4ee5bc4f1915fef38b40a57fa19.pdf |title=Information Sheet: Application for an Authorization to Carry Restricted Firearms and Prohibited Handguns. |access-date=2020-08-29 |archive-date=2020-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101120957/https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/wam/media/3625/original/db5cc4ee5bc4f1915fef38b40a57fa19.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Classifications==
Like licences, firearms are classified into prohibited, restricted and non-restricted categories, as defined by Part III of the ''Criminal Code''.<ref>{{Cite canlaw|short title  =Criminal Code|abbr =RSC|year =1985|chapter =C-46|part =III.|link =https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-46/page-20.html#h-117002}}</ref> The correct licence is required to acquire and possess the category of firearm (PAL for non-restricted, RPAL for restricted, Prohib 12.x for prohibited).

===Prohibited===
A prohibited firearm requires a prohibited-class ([[grandfathered]]) possession and acquisition licence to acquire and possess at a minimum. The licences will indicate which categories the individual or business has been grandfathered into. ([[automatic firearm|12.2]], 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7)
* Handguns (12.6)
** with a barrel length less than {{convert|105|mm}}, or;
** that are designed to discharge [[.25 ACP|.25]] or [[.32 ACP|.32]] calibre ammunition (subject to exception for international sport competitions);<ref name=s84-definitions>{{Cite canlaw|short title  =Criminal Code|abbr =RSC|year =1985|chapter =C-46|section =84|subsection =1|link =https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-46/section-84.html}}.</ref><ref name=SOR_98-465>{{Cite canlaw |type=reg |link=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-98-465/index.html |regtitle=Regulations Prescribing Exclusions from Certain Definitions of the Criminal Code (International Sporting Competition Handguns) |regnumber=SOR/98-465 }}</ref>
* [[Short-barreled rifle|Rifles]] and [[Sawed-off shotgun|shotguns]] that have been altered by sawing, cutting or any other means, so that:
** the barrel length is less than {{convert|457|mm}} (regardless of overall length), or;
** the overall length is less than {{convert|660|mm}}
* Firearms which have [[automatic firearm|fully automatic fire capability]] (12.2), or "converted automatics" (12.3) (i.e.: firearms which were originally fully automatic, but have been modified to discharge ammunition in a semi-automatic fashion)
* Firearms prescribed as prohibited by the ''Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Cartridge Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited or Restricted'' (SOR/98-462):<ref name="SOR_98-462"/>
** Firearm capable of discharging dart or other object carrying electric current or substance, including [[Taser]] Public Defender and any variant or modified version of it
** Firearm known as SSS-1 Stinger and any similar firearm designed or of a size to fit in the palm of the hand
** Hundreds of other firearms listed by name, including any variants or modified versions. The list includes shotguns, carbines, rifles, pistols, and submachine guns.   This includes all versions (even semi-automatic) of certain military weapons such as the [[AK-47]] and the [[FN-FAL]].<ref name="SOR_98-462"/>
* Firearms prescribed as prohibited by the ''Regulations Amending the Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and Other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Cartridge Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited, Restricted or Non-Restricted'' (SOR/2020-96)<ref name=SOR_2020-96></ref>
** Rifles of the designs commonly known as [[ArmaLite AR-10]], [[ArmaLite AR-15]], [[M16 rifle|M16]], [[M14 rifle|M14]], [[Robinson Armament XCR]], and [[SIG SG 550]] (including any variants or modified versions)
** Carbines of the designs commonly known as [[Beretta Cx4 Storm]], [[CZ Scorpion Evo 3]], [[M4 carbine|M4]] and [[SIG SG 550#SG 551|SIG SG 551]] (including any variants or modified versions)
** Pistols of the design commonly known as [[CZ Scorpion EVO 3]]
** Firearms with bore diameters of 20&nbsp;mm or more (despite concerns expressed by some,<ref>{{cite web |last=Burlew |first=Edward L. |date=20 May 2020 |title=Legal opinion - SOR/2020-96 |url=https://www.csaaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/SOR2020-96-CSAAA-Legal-Opinion-re-12-gauge-shotguns.pdf |publisher=Canadian Sporting Arms & Ammunition Association |access-date=17 July 2020 |archive-date=6 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706131749/https://www.csaaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/SOR2020-96-CSAAA-Legal-Opinion-re-12-gauge-shotguns.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> this does not include [[gauge (firearms)|10 gauge]] and [[12-gauge shotgun|12 gauge]] shotguns with removable [[choke (firearms)|chokes]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Government of Canada|first=Royal Canadian Mounted Police|date=2020-05-05|title=What you need to know about the Government of Canada's new prohibition on certain firearms and devices {{!}} Royal Canadian Mounted Police|url=https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/firearms/need-know-the-government-canadas-new-prohibition-certain-firearms-and-devices#classification|access-date=2020-08-26|website=www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca|archive-date=2020-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910175741/https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/firearms/need-know-the-government-canadas-new-prohibition-certain-firearms-and-devices#classification|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Burkhead|first=Lynn|date=2020-05-08|title=Canada Gun Ban Will Not Include Waterfowl Shotguns|url=https://www.wildfowlmag.com/editorial/canada-gun-ban-will-not-include-waterfowl-shotguns/376132|access-date=2020-08-26|website=Wildfowl|language=en|archive-date=2020-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810112204/https://www.wildfowlmag.com/editorial/canada-gun-ban-will-not-include-waterfowl-shotguns/376132|url-status=live}}</ref>
** Firearms that produce 10,000 joules of energy or more (including [[.50 BMG]] calibre rifles)<ref>{{cite web |title=Everything you need to know about Canada's new firearms ban {{!}} News |url=https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/firearms-prohibition-canada |website=dailyhive.com |language=en |access-date=2020-05-06 |archive-date=2020-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501191706/https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/firearms-prohibition-canada |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Restricted===
Requires a restricted possession and acquisition licence (RPAL) to acquire and possess at a minimum. RPALs may be issued to applicants who meet one or more of the following:<ref name=rcmp_classes></ref>
* Being a member of a registered gun club
* Being able to demonstrate sufficient technical, historical or scientific knowledge of firearms one plans on owning as part of a collection
* Having a valid [[Authorization to Carry]]:
** to use a firearm as part of one's lawful profession; or
** in exceedingly rare cases where one's life is being actively targeted to an extent where police protection is insufficient, and there is credible documentation on such

Canada's federal laws severely restrict the ability of civilians to transport restricted or prohibited ([[grandfathered]]) firearms in public. Section 17 of the ''Firearms Act'' makes it an offence to possess prohibited or restricted firearms other than at a dwelling-house or authorized location, but there are two exceptions to this prohibition found in sections 19 and 20 of the act. Section 19 allows for persons to be issued an [[authorization to transport]] (ATT), authorizing the transport of a firearm outside the home for certain purposes, such as for its transfer to a new owner, going to and from a [[Shooting range|range]], a training course, repair shop or gun show, or when the owner wishes to change the address where the firearm is stored. Such firearms must be transported unloaded, equipped with a [[trigger lock]] and stored in secure, locked containers. In rarer cases, section 20 of the act allows individuals to receive an authorization to carry, or ATC, granting permission to carry loaded restricted firearms or (section 12(6)) prohibited handguns on their persons for certain reasons specified in the act. These reasons are as follows: if the person is a licensed trapper and carries the firearm while trapping, if the person is in a remote [[wilderness]] area and needs the firearm for protection against wildlife, if the person's work involves guarding or handling money or other items of substantial value, or if the person's life is in imminent danger and police protection is inadequate to protect the person.<ref name=SOR_98-207></ref> This is extremely rare, data from [[Freedom of information in Canada|FOI requests]] reveals that only around one or two permits for protection of life are ever active at any given time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thegunblog.ca/2018/11/08/two-canadians-have-authorization-to-carry-guns-filing-shows/ |title="Access to Information request reveals only two ATC permits to carry," ''The Gun Blog'', November 8, 2018. |date=9 November 2018 |access-date=August 8, 2020 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922100810/https://thegunblog.ca/2018/11/08/two-canadians-have-authorization-to-carry-guns-filing-shows/ |url-status=live }}</ref>  The vast majority of ATCs issued are to employees of [[Armored car (valuables)|armoured car]] companies to allow carry of a company owned firearm only while working.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/who-may-carry-handguns-in-canada-1.1135084|title=Who may carry handguns in Canada?|date=August 15, 2012|access-date=April 6, 2014|archive-date=April 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407144255/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/who-may-carry-handguns-in-canada-1.1135084|url-status=live}}</ref> Restrictions are as follows:
 
* All handguns are restricted firearms at a minimum; some handguns are prohibited firearms (see above).<ref name=s84-definitions/>
* Any firearm that is:
** not prohibited
** that has a barrel length less than {{convert|470.|mm}}, and
** is capable of discharging centre-fire ammunition in a semi-automatic manner.<ref name=rcmp_classes></ref><ref name=s84-definitions/>

* Any firearm that can be fired when the overall length has been reduced by folding, telescoping, or other means to less than {{convert|660|mm}}
* Firearms prescribed as restricted by the ''Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Cartridge Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited or Restricted (SOR/98-462)'':<ref name="SOR_98-462"/>
** The firearms of the designs commonly known as the High Standard Model 10, Series&nbsp;A shotgun and the High Standard Model 10, Series&nbsp;B shotgun, and any variants or modified versions of them.

===Non-restricted===
* Firearms, other than those referred to above. Generally, this includes (unless otherwise prescribed by law):
** Rimfire rifles
** Shotguns (manual, break-action and most self-loading models)
** Manual centrefire rifles
** Some long barreled, semi-automatic centrefire rifles (n.b.: most common semi-automatic models are currently prescribed as prohibited by regulation, however it is still technically possible for a firearm of this type to be non-restricted)

===Antique===
A category that includes several different categories of firearm designed before 1898, although not all firearms built before this cutoff date are eligible for antique classification. Guns considered antiques are not legally considered firearms, and can be purchased and owned without a PAL.<ref>{{cite web |title=Antique and Blackpowder Firearms |url=https://nfa.ca/2005/02/25/antique-and-blackpowder-firearms/ |website=NFA.ca |date=25 February 2005 |access-date=4 May 2020 |archive-date=12 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612130034/https://nfa.ca/2005/02/25/antique-and-blackpowder-firearms/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The following types of firearm are classified as antiques if they were both designed '''and''' manufactured before 1898:
*All cartridge-firing long arms and handguns chambered in mostly obscure large-calibre rimfire cartridges, such as [[.32 Rimfire]] and [[.44 Henry]]. Handguns chambered for the former cartridge are considered non-restricted antiques even though .32 is otherwise a prohibited bore for pistols.
*All single-shot cartridge-firing centrefire rifles chambered in calibres of over {{convert|8.6|mm|in}}, and all smoothbore shotgun conversions of such rifles regardless of calibre.
*Rimfire smoothbore shotguns in calibres other than .22.
*Centrefire cartridge handguns chambered in calibres that are no longer widely available, such as [[.45 Schofield]].
*All muzzleloading ([[black powder]]) handguns and cap-and-ball revolvers.
The following guns are considered antiques if they were designed before 1898, regardless of manufacture date, making modern replicas free to possess:
*Non-cartridge-firing long guns which use [[flintlock]], [[wheellock]] or [[matchlock]] ignition mechanisms.

===Handguns===
As of 2022, a national freeze was placed on the sale and transfer of handguns.<ref name=j_bronskill></ref> However, this did not change the classification of handguns. Those who owned handguns prior to the freeze may continue to possess and use them in accordance with the law, however they cannot acquire new ones or transfer their existing ones to someone else. One may lawfully export them to another country, but they cannot be imported back in afterwards. Exceptions to the freeze include those who are authorized to carry a handgun, and those who are involved with shooting competitions organized by the [[International Olympic Committee]] or the [[International Paralympic Committee]].<ref name=rcmp_handgun_freeze></ref>

==Violent crime, suicide, and accidents==
In the years immediately following the introduction of firearms licensing in Canada in 1976, the overall homicide rate did not significantly decline. Increases were seen in the proportion of murders committed by methods other than shooting; but these homicides were less likely to involve multiple victims.<ref name = Sproule&Kennett>{{cite journal |last1=Sproule |first1=C. F. |last2=Kennett |first2= D. J. |title=Use of Firearms in Canadian Homicides 1972-1982: The Need for Gun Control |date=January 1988 |journal=Canadian Journal of Criminology |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=31–37 |id=NCJ 109420 |url=https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/use-firearms-canadian-homicides-1972-1982-need-gun-control}}</ref> From 1977 to 2003, Canada firearm homicide has declined from 1.15 to 0.5 per 100,000, while other mechanisms declined from 1.85 to 1.23 per 100,000.<ref name = Sproule&Kennett/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2011001/article/11561-eng.htm |title=Homicide in Canada, 2010 |publisher=Statcan.gc.ca |date=October 26, 2011 |access-date=December 26, 2012 |archive-date=February 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216080512/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2011001/article/11561-eng.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

A comprehensive review of firearm control legislation found that studies on the effects of the 1977 bill C-51 and bill C-68 from 1995 on firearm homicide rates came to differing conclusions, but generally found that bill C-17 from 1991 was not associated with an overall reduction of firearm homicide.<ref name="SantaellaTenorioEtAl2016">{{cite journal |last1=Santaella-Tenorio |first1=Julian |last2=Cerdá |first2=Magdalena |last3=Villaveces |first3=Andrés |first4=Galea |last4=Sandro |title=What Do We Know About the Association Between Firearm Legislation and Firearm-Related Injuries? |journal=Epidemiol Rev |date=February 10, 2016 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=140–57 |doi=10.1093/epirev/mxv012 |pmid=26905895 |pmc=6283012}}</ref> A 2011 study found no significant associations between gun laws passed and firearm homicide rates in Canada from 1974 to 2008.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Langmann |first1=Caillin |title=Canadian Firearms Legislation and Effects on Homicide 1974 to 2008 |journal=Journal of Interpersonal Violence |pages=2303–2321 |language=en |doi=10.1177/0886260511433515 |date=1 August 2012|volume=27 |issue=12 |pmid=22328660 |s2cid=42273865 }}</ref> A 2020 study examining laws passed from 1981-2016 found no significant changes in overall homicide or suicide rates following changes in legislation. In addition, it also found that firearm ownership by province was not correlated to overall suicide rates by province.<ref>{{Cite journal|pmid = 32555647|year = 2020|last1 = Langmann|first1 = Caillin|title = Effect of firearms legislation on suicide and homicide in Canada from 1981 to 2016|journal = PLOS ONE|volume = 15|issue = 6|article-number = e0234457|doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0234457|pmc = 7302582|bibcode = 2020PLoSO..1534457L|doi-access = free}}</ref>

As of 2010, shooting and stabbing represented the two most common mechanisms for homicide in Canada, each accounting for approximately one-third of murders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/legal01-eng.htm|title=Homicides by method|access-date=December 1, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114232837/http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/legal01-eng.htm|archive-date=January 14, 2011}}</ref>

Overall suicide in Canada peaked in 1978 at 14.5 per 100,000,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/mh-sm/pdf/suicid_e.pdf |title=Suicide in Canada: Update of the Report of the Task Force on Suicide in Canada |access-date=February 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012210827/http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/mh-sm/pdf/suicid_e.pdf |archive-date=October 12, 2010 }}</ref> declining by 22% (11.3 per 100,000) by 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.justice.gc.ca/en/ps/rs/rep/2006/rr06-2/rr06-2.pdf |title=Department of Justice – Site Map |publisher=Justice.gc.ca |date=November 14, 2007 |access-date=February 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414093956/http://www.justice.gc.ca/en/ps/rs/rep/2006/rr06-2/rr06-2.pdf |archive-date=April 14, 2008 }}</ref> Several studies have found that the 1977 bill C-51 was linked to lower suicide and firearm suicide rates in Canada.<ref name="SantaellaTenorioEtAl2016"/> Several studies examining the effect of bill C-17 (primarily using data from Quebec) found that it was associated with a decline in firearm suicides, but that the rate of overall suicides did not change, largely because of a rise in suicides due to hanging, suggesting a substitution of suicide methods.<ref name="SantaellaTenorioEtAl2016"/>

Accidental death, of any kind, claimed 27.9 people per 100,000 in 2000. Of these, firearms accidents accounted for 0.3% (0.1 per 100,000), ranking below the 37% for transportation (10.2 per 100,000), 28% for unspecified (7.7 per 100,000), 18% for falls (5.1 per 100,000), and 11% for poisoning (3.1 per 100,000).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/84F0209XIE/2000000/t001_en.htm |title=Mortality, summary list of causes: Tables |publisher=Statcan.ca |date=March 1, 2006 |access-date=February 28, 2011 }}{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Two studies by Leenaars and Lester using national data from 1969 to 1985 find that bill C-51 was associated with a reduced accidental death rate from firearms.<ref name="SantaellaTenorioEtAl2016"/>

==Statistics==
[[File:Firearm-related violent crimes by type of firearms in Canada 2009 to 2022.png|frameless|upright=1.4|right]]
The rate of firearm-related violent crime has significantly increased in the past decade, mainly due to specific violent offences involving firearms such as discharging a firearm with intent and pointing a firearm. This rate more than doubled since 2013, reaching 12.2 incidents per 100,000 people in 2022. All provinces and territories have seen growth in these crimes, with the largest increases noted in the Northwest Territories (+303%), Saskatchewan (+165%), Yukon (+149%), and New Brunswick (+126%).<ref name="r755">{{cite web | last=Perreault | first=Samuel | title=Firearms and violent crime in Canada, 2022 | website=Statistics Canada | date=2024-01-30 | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-002-x/2024001/article/00001-eng.htm | access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>

Saskatchewan had the highest rate of firearm-related violent crime in 2022 at 109.6 incidents per 100,000, while Prince Edward Island had the lowest at 10.0. Regina recorded the highest percentage of such crimes among census metropolitan areas at 83.0 incidents per 100,000.<ref name="r755"/>

The increase was particularly prominent in territories (+139%) and rural areas (+141%). Handguns and unidentified firearm-like weapons saw the largest increases since 2013. In 2022, firearms were involved in 1.7% of injuries from violent crimes, with a higher percentage in severe cases. Most victims of firearm-related crimes were men (66%), and most accused individuals were also men (89%), although the rate of accused women rose significantly. Organized crime accounted for a higher proportion of firearm-related incidents compared to general violent crimes. The firearm-related homicide rate reached its highest since 1991 at 0.88 incidents per 100,000, primarily due to handguns.<ref name="r755"/>

==See also==
*[[Canadian Firearms Program]]
*[[Possession and Acquisition Licence]]
*[[Dominion of Canada Rifle Association]]
*[[Gun politics]]
*[[Gun safe]]
*[[Index of gun politics articles]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Statistics Canada}}

==External links==
* [http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/F-11.6/  Canadian Firearms Act]
* [https://rcmp.ca/en/firearms Canadian Firearms Program] by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in English and French
* [http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/timeline-the-gun-registry-debate-1.786548 The gun registry debate: Implementing the Firearms Act], CBC News 2009

{{Canada topics}}
{{Gun laws by country}}
{{Americas topic|Firearms regulation in}}
{{World topic|Firearms regulation in|noredlinks=yes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gun laws in Canada}}
[[Category:Canadian firearms law| ]]
[[Category:1934 establishments in Canada]]
[[Category:Law of Canada]]
[[Category:Firearms in Canada| ]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Royal Canadian Mounted Police]]