View source for Flag of Devon

{{Short description|Flag of English county}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox flag
| Name = Flag of Devon
| Article = 
| Type = 
| Image = Flag of Devon.svg
| Nickname = Saint Petroc's Flag
| Morenicks = 
| Use = 100000
| Symbol = {{FIAV|100000}}
| Proportion = 25:43
| Adoption = October 2006 (by county council)
| Design = A centred white cross with black edging on green background.<br/>(''Vert, a cross argent'')
| Designer = Ryan Sealey
}}

The '''Flag of Devon''' (also known as '''Saint Petroc's Flag''') is the flag of the [[ceremonial county]] of [[Devon]], which consists of a white centered cross with black edging over a green field. It is notable for its creation through two web-based [[Opinion poll|poll]]s,<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb-e-dev.html | title=Devon, England | work = Flags of the world | date =21 October 2011 | access-date = 28 May 2016}}</ref><ref name=bbc_devon_flag>{{Cite web | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/community_life/features/devon_flag.shtml | date = January 2005 | title = Flag celebrates Devon's heritage | publisher = BBC Devon | access-date = 25 January 2014}}</ref> and is an important symbol of Devon's regional identity.

It is dedicated to [[Saint Petroc]],<ref name=flag_inst>
[{{Flag Institute| Devon}} The Flag Institute] <!-- The flagid in this link may need to change to track Flag institute database changes --></ref> a [[local saint]] who ministered to the [[Celtic Britons]] of [[Dumnonia]] in the 5th and 6th centuries. Numerous churches and sites throughout Devon are dedicated to him.

==Origins==
Before the adoption of Saint Petroc's Flag, Devon had no standardised flag. The impetus for the flag's creation came from an article published by [[BBC South West|BBC Devon]] in 2002 titled "Devon's forgotten Celtic culture", which asserted that Devon possessed a [[Celts|Celtic]] heritage that had been overlooked compared to neighbouring [[Cornwall]] and that its "lost culture" should be [[Celtic revival|revived]].<ref name=bbc_celtic_flag>{{cite web |last1=Friday |first1=Matthew |title=Devon's forgotten Celtic culture |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/community_life/features/celtic_devon.shtml | date = 26 March 2002 |website=BBC Devon |access-date=14 November 2025}}</ref><ref name=bbc_flag_controversy>{{cite web |last1=Duffy |first1=Johnathan |title=New Flag Causes A Flap in South West |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/news_features/2003/flap_over_flag.shtml |website=BBC Devon | date = July 2003 |access-date=14 November 2025}}</ref> This sparked discussion on BBC Devon's message board in favour of a flag for Devon, and in response a web poll was set up to decide on a design from those submitted by members of the public.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corporation |first=British Broadcasting | date = 23 July 2002 |title=BBC - DEVON'S NEW FLAG |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk:80/dna/place-devon/A791949 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021002064611/http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/place-devon/A791949 |archive-date=2002-10-02 |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>

The initial poll put forward a shortlist of 12 potential designs from those submitted to the BBC, with the flag that would eventually be selected coming first with 21.3% of the vote. However this was a close result, with the second most popular design only 0.3% behind the winner.<ref name=bbc_poll_1_results>{{cite web |title=Devon - It's your vote |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/extra/voting/devon_flag_results.shtml |website=BBC Devon |access-date=14 November 2025}}</ref> Because of this, a second poll was held which yielded a more decisive result, with the winning design by student Ryan Sealey taking 49% of the votes cast.<ref name=bbc_devon_flag/>

[[File:Pellew's flag from the Battle of Algiers (1816).svg|thumb|right|195px|Edward Pellew's flag from the Battle of Algiers (1816)]]

Although the flag is relatively young, its colours are those traditionally identified with Devon<ref name=bbc_devon_flag/> (e.g. the colours of its [[Devon Rugby Football Union|Rugby Union]] team, [[Exeter University]] and [[Plymouth Argyle F.C.]]). In 1816, [[Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth|Lord Exmouth]] flew a dark green flag with white circles at the [[Bombardment of Algiers (1816)|Bombardment of Algiers]],<ref name="TeignHeritage">{{cite web | title=Pellew | website=Teign Heritage | url=https://www.teignheritage.org.uk/index.php/pellew | access-date=2020-08-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Devon | website=British County Flags | date=2013-07-17 | url=https://britishcountyflags.com/2013/07/17/devon-flag/ | access-date=2020-08-23}}</ref> now on view at the Teign Valley Museum.<ref name="TeignHeritage"/> The green represents the colour of the rolling and lush Devon hills, the black represents the high and windswept moors ([[Dartmoor]] and [[Exmoor]]) and the white represents both the salt spray of Devon's two coastlines and the [[China Clay]] industry (and mining in general).<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/councildemocracy/neighbourhoods-villages/devonflag/devonflaggroup.htm | title = Devon Flag Group | work = Devon County Council website | access-date = 4 February 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150106123741/http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/councildemocracy/neighbourhoods-villages/devonflag/devonflaggroup.htm | archive-date = 6 January 2015 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Proposed flags===
The following flags were also featured as candidates in the poll:<ref name=bbc_poll_1_results/>

<gallery>
File:Proposed "Celtic Knot" Devon Flag design (2002).svg|
File:Proposed "Welsh Dragon" Devon flag design (2002).svg|
File:Proposed "Six Stripes" Devon Flag design (2002).svg|
File:Proposed "Tricolour" Devon Flag design (2002).svg|
File:Proposed "Tricolour (Alternate)" Devon Flag design (2002).svg|
</gallery>

==Usage==

[[File:Tiverton , Rugby Club ^ Air Ambulance - geograph.org.uk - 4415093.jpg|thumb|right|195px|A [[Devon Air Ambulance]] helicopter with the flag emblazoned on the front.]]

[[File:Devon flag outside a row of shops.png|thumb|right|195px|The flag flying outside a row of shops.]]

[[File:"TEIGNMOUTH" - Devon Flag - geograph.org.uk - 7811035.jpg|thumb|right|195px|The [[Teignmouth]] Letters at Sprey Point bearing the flag.]]

After its inception, the Devon flag rapidly gained popularity and saw widespread adoption by both private individuals and local organisations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Devon Flag Flying High |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/news_features/2004/air_ambulance_devon_flag.shtml | date=September 2004 |website=BBC Devon |access-date=14 November 2025}}</ref> It eventually gained official recognition in October 2006 when Devon County Council raised the flag outside County Hall.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.devon.gov.uk/devonflag | title = Devon Flag | work = Devon County Council website | access-date = 25 January 2014 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140201203703/http://www.devon.gov.uk/devonflag | archive-date = 1 February 2014 }}</ref>

In April 2004, a resident of [[Ottery St Mary]] in [[East Devon]] was threatened with legal action for flying the Devon flag in his back garden, as planning permission was required to fly non-national flags. Subsequently the then Minister for Housing, [[Keith Hill (politician)|Keith Hill]], said local authorities can officially "turn a blind eye" to the practice of flying the county flag from poles.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/news_features/2004/flag_blind_eye.shtml| title= Council's told they can "turn a blind eye" to flag flying | date = December 2004 | publisher = BBC Devon | access-date = 25 January 2014}}</ref> [[Devon County Council]] announced its intention to defy the government's flag-flying rules, continuing to fly the flag from council buildings.<ref>{{cite web | title=Council to defy flag-flying rules | website=BBC NEWS | date=3 August 2006 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/devon/5242058.stm | access-date=22 September 2024}}</ref> The [[Department for Communities and Local Government]] repealed this restriction in 2007, and issued new guidance to allow for the flying of the flag without penalty.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-03-20 |title=Devon flag allowed to fly - legally! |url=https://www.somersetcountygazette.co.uk/news/1272263.devon-flag-allowed-fly---legally/ |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Somerset County Gazette |language=en}}</ref>

===Suggested flag flying dates===
The Devon Flag Group have suggested the following dates as days when it is appropriate for the Devon flag to be flown. Most of them are either the days of local events or the feast days of Devon's saints. It is also flown outside of these days, especially in rural towns.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/councildemocracy/neighbourhoods-villages/devonflag/whentoflytheflag.htm | title = When to fly the flag | work = Devon County Council website | access-date = 25 January 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140201203706/http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/councildemocracy/neighbourhoods-villages/devonflag/whentoflytheflag.htm | archive-date = 1 February 2014 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

*4 January – [[St Rumon]] of [[Tavistock, Devon|Tavistock]] and [[Romansleigh]]
*7 January – [[St Brannock]] of [[Braunton]]
*5 March – [[St Piran]], patron saint of tin miners
*12 March – [[Paul Aurelian]], brother of St Sidwell
*7 April – [[St Brannock]], as celebrated in [[Exeter]]
*1 May – [[Saint Walpurga]] of Devon
*May Bank Holiday – anniversary of first time the flag was flown at [[Cornish pilot gig|World Gig Championship]] 2003, [[Isles of Scilly]]
*May/June – Devon County Show
*3 June – [[St Kevin]]
*4 June – [[St Petroc]] 
*5 June – [[St Boniface]] of [[Crediton]], Patron Saint of Devon
*6 June – [[St Gudwal]], hermit of Devon
*17 June – [[St Nectan]], patron of [[Hartland, Devon|Hartland]]
*21/22 June – [[Midsummer's day]]
*26 June – St Brannock, another feast day
*5 July – [[Exeter]] [[Lammas]] Fair
*8 July – [[St Urith]] of [[Chittlehampton]]
*13 July – [[St Juthwara]]
*30 July – anniversary of battle against [[Spanish Armada]]
*1 August – [[St Sidwell]], Patron Saint of [[Exeter]]
*10 August – [[St Geraint]] Last King of [[Dumnonia]]
*30 August – [[St Rumon]]
*26 September – anniversary of [[Sir Francis Drake]]'s Circumnavigation of the World
*2 November – [[St Cumgar]]
*5 November – [[St Kea]]
*7 November – [[St Congar]]
*8 December – [[St Budoc]] (St Budeaux) of [[Plymouth]]
*12 December – [[St Corentin]]
*16 December – [[Saint Judicael]], King of [[Domnonée]]
*21/22 December – [[Midwinter]]
*31 Dec to 6 Jan – [[New Year's Eve]] to [[Twelfth Night (holiday)|Twelfth Night]]

==Controversy==
The creation of the flag drew criticism from [[Cornish nationalist]]s, who accused it online of being an attempt to "hijack" their culture.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|title=New Flag Causes A Flap in South West| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/news_features/2003/flap_over_flag.shtml | publisher = BBC Devon |access-date=13 September 2008}}</ref>

Bob Burns, who started the discussion over a flag for Devon, cited the visibility of the [[Cornish Flag]] as one of his reasons "Devonians are only too aware of the ubiquitous Cornish Flag, which can often be seen in the form of car bumper stickers, on vehicles entering Devon from Cornwall."<ref name=bbc_devon_flag/>

Dr [[Mark Stoyle]], a Devon historian, noted that "People are quite aware in Devon that the Cornish make political capital by claiming to be different". He also suggested that the new-found sense of Devonian identity was a backlash against incoming "city-dwellers settling in the South West".<ref name=autogenerated1 />

The decision to dedicate the flag to St Petroc was not without controversy as the saint is equally popular in neighbouring Cornwall. In defending the decision, Devon's strong claim to the saint was highlighted – Devon's 27 church dedications to Saint Petroc outnumber the 6 dedications in Cornwall, and a great many Devon villages are named after the Saint, such as [[Petrockstowe]] and [[Newton St Petroc]]. Cornwall had already selected [[Saint Piran]] as their patron saint many years previously.

==Derived flags==

<gallery>
File:Ensign of Devon.svg|The Devon Ensign adds a [[Union Flag]] into the Canton of the Devon Flag. This flag is described as for use at regatta, high days and holidays, weddings, and burials at sea.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://imperialflags.blogspot.co.uk/2007/06/isle-of-man.html | title=Flags of Empire: Ensigns of the Home Nations and Europe }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb-e-dev.html | title=Devon (England) }}</ref>
File:Flag of Newton Abbot.svg|Flag of [[Newton Abbot]], adopted in 2009, featuring the town's [[St Leonard's Tower, Newton Abbot|St Leonard's Tower]] in the centre of a modified Devon flag.
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Devon heraldry]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Devon}}
{{Subnational flags of the United Kingdom}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devon, Flag of}}
[[Category:Local government in Devon|Flag]]
[[Category:Flags of places in England]]
[[Category:Flags adopted through competition]]
[[Category:Flags with crosses]]
[[Category:Flags of saints]]
[[Category:Flags introduced in 2006]]
[[Category:Flags with rectangular symmetry]]