View source for Flag of Israel

{{Short description|None}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Infobox flag
| Name = State of Israel
| Article = 
| Image = Flag of Israel.svg
| Nickname = "Flag of [[Zion]]"
| Use = 111000
| Symbol = {{FIAV|111000}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Equal}}
| Proportion = 8:11
| Adoption = {{Start date and age|1897|8}} (by the [[Zionist movement]]) <br>{{Start date and age|df=yes|1948|10|28}} (by [[Israel]])
| Design = White banner with three blue (''[[tekhelet]]'') symbols: a pair of horizontal ''[[tallit]]''-like stripes above and below a centred [[Star of David]].
| Designer = [[Israel Belkind]] and Fanny Abramovitch
| Image2 = Civil Ensign of Israel.svg
| Nickname2 = 
| Morenicks2 = 
| Use2 = 000100
| Symbol2 = {{FIAV|000100}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Mirror}}
| Proportion2 = 2:3
| Adoption2 = {{Start date and age|1948}}
| Design2 = Navy-blue flag with a white vertically elongated oval set near the hoist containing a vertically elongated blue Star of David.
| Designer2 = 
| Image3 = Naval Ensign of Israel.svg
| Nickname3 = 
| Morenicks3 = 
| Use3 = 000001
| Symbol3 = {{FIAV|000001}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Mirror}}
| Proportion3 = 2:3
| Adoption3 = {{Start date and age|1948}}
| Design3 = Navy-blue flag with a white triangle containing a blue Star of David at hoist.
| Designer3 = 
| Image4 = Israel Air Force Flag.svg
| Nickname4 = 
| Morenicks4 = 
| Use4 = [[Air force ensign]]
| Symbol4 = {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Equal}}
| Proportion4 = 2:3
| Adoption4 = 
| Design4 = Light blue flag with thin white stripes with dark blue borders near the top and bottom, displaying an air force roundel in the center.
| Designer4 = 
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=August 2025}}

The '''flag of Israel'''{{Efn|{{langx|he|דֶּגֶל יִשְׂרָאֵל|rtl=yes}} ({{Transliteration|he|deḡel Yiśrāʾēl}}); {{langx|ar|عَلَم إِسْرَائِيل|rtl=yes}} ({{Transliteration|ar|ʿalam ʾIsrāʾīl}}).}} was officially adopted on 28 October 1948. It is a white banner with three blue (''[[tekhelet]]'') symbols: a pair of horizontal ''[[tallit]]''-like stripes above and below a centred [[Star of David]]. Relevant Israeli legislation describes the flag's dimensions as {{Convert|160|cm|in|abbr=on}} by {{Convert|220|cm|in|abbr=on}}, thereby fixing the proportion to a ratio of 8:11. But variants can be found at a wide range of proportions, with 2:3 also common.

The symbols' colour is generically described as "dark sky-blue"<ref name=history>Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs publication [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Modern%20History/Israel%20at%2050/The%20Flag%20and%20the%20Emblem The Flag and the Emblem] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070417210153/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Modern%20History/Israel%20at%2050/The%20Flag%20and%20the%20Emblem|date=2007-04-17}} by art historian Alec Mishory, wherein he quotes "The Provisional Council of State Proclamation of the Flag of the State of Israel" made on 28 October 1948 by Joseph Sprinzak, Speaker.</ref> and may differ from flag to flag, ranging from pure blue (sometimes shaded almost as dark as navy blue) to hues about 75% toward pure cyan and shades as light as very light blue.<ref>[http://www.science.co.il/Israel-flag.asp Varied examples] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060709234937/http://www.science.co.il/Israel-flag.asp |date=2006-07-09 }}; [http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/D5050A89-1E9D-4080-8E8C-471F6A1DD134/0/MFAJ05jy0.jpg Flag ~75% toward cyan from pure blue] full article: [http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Modern%20History/Israel%20at%2050/The%20Flag%20and%20the%20Emblem The Flag and the Emblem] Retrieved 28 July 2006.</ref> An early version of the flag was displayed at a procession marking the third anniversary of the founding of [[Rishon LeZion]] in 1885. A similar version was designed for the [[Zionism|Zionist movement]] in 1891. The highly distinctive Star of David, which recalls the legendary [[Seal of Solomon]], has been prominent as a widely recognized [[Jewish symbol]] since the 17th century and was formally endorsed by the [[First Zionist Congress]] in 1897.<ref name=history/>

==Origin of the flag==
In the [[Middle Ages]], mystical powers were attributed to the [[pentagram]] and [[hexagram]], which were used in [[talismans]] against evil spirits. Both were called the "Seal of Solomon", but the name eventually became exclusive to the pentagram, while the hexagram became known as a symbol associated with the Israelite king [[David]]. Later, it began to appear in [[Jewish art]]. In 1648, [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] permitted the [[History of the Jews in Prague|Jews of Prague]] to fly a "Jewish flag" over their [[synagogue]]; this flag was red with a yellow Star of David in the middle.<ref>[https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-how-israel-got-its-flag-and-what-it-means-1.5381190 How Israel Got Its Flag and What It Means], [[Haaretz]]</ref>

The idea that blue and white were the [[National colours of Israel|national colours of the Jewish people]] was voiced early on by the Austrian writer and poet [[Ludwig August von Frankl]] in "Judah's Colors":

{{verse translation|lang=de
|Anlegt er, wenn ihn Andacht füllt
Die Farben seines Landes;
Da steht er beim Gebet verhüllt,
Weiß schimmernden Gewandes.

Den Rand des weißen Mantels breit
Durchziehen blaue Streifen,
Sowie des Hohenpriesters Kleid
Die blauen Fädenschleifen.

Die Farben sind's des theuren Lands,
Weißblau sind Juda's Grenzen:
Weiß ist der priesterliche Glanz,
Und blau des Himmels Glänzen.<ref>{{cite book |last=Frankl |first=A. L. |chapter=Juda's Farben |title=Ahnenbilder |location=Leipzig |date=1864 |pages=127–8 |isbn=9783598507816 |language=de |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rV5QAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA127}}</ref>
|
He puts on, when [[Jewish prayer|prayer]] fills him,
The colors of his country.
There stands he, wrapped in prayer,
In a sparkling robe of white.

The hems of the white robe
Are crowned with broad stripes of blue;
Like the [[High Priest of Israel|High Priest]]'s robe,
The blue bands.

These are the colors of the beloved country:
Blue and white are [[History of ancient Israel and Judah|Judah]]'s borders;
White is the priestly radiance,
And blue, the shining of the firmament.}}

In 1885, the agricultural village of [[Rishon LeZion]] used a blue-and-white flag incorporating a blue Star of David, designed by [[Israel Belkind]] and Fanny Abramovitch, in a procession marking its third anniversary.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-52795697.html |title=The first families |first=Aviva |last=Bar-Am |journal=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018215539/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-52795697.html |url-status=dead |date=26 April 2002 |archive-date=18 October 2016  }}</ref> In 1891, Michael Halperin, one of the founders of the agricultural village {{lang|he-Latn|Nachalat Reuven}}, flew a similar blue-and-white flag with a blue hexagram and the text "{{lang|he|נס ציונה}}" ({{lang|he-Latn|[[Nes Ziona]]}}, "a [[flag signals|banner]] for Zion": a reference to {{bibleverse|Jeremiah|4:6}}, later adopted as the modern name of the city). A blue-and-white flag with a Star of David and the Hebrew word "[[Maccabee]]" was used in 1891 by the [[Bnai Zion Educational Society]]. Jacob Baruch Askowith<ref>Father of [[Dora Askowith]]. See [https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/askowith-dora Miller, Adinah S. "Dora Askowith". Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women. 31 December 1999. Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 9 April 2023.]</ref> and his son Charles Askowith designed the "flag of Judah", which was displayed on 24 July 1891 at the dedication of Zion Hall of the B'nai Zion Educational Society in [[Boston]], Massachusetts. Based on the traditional {{lang|he-Latn|tallit}}, or Jewish prayer shawl, that flag was white with narrow blue stripes near the edges and bore in the center the ancient six-pointed Shield of David with the word "Maccabee" painted in blue Hebrew letters.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/from-the-american-scene-bostons-jewish-community-earlier-days/ |title=From the American Scene: Boston's Jewish Community: Earlier Days |first=Charles |last=Reznikoff |work=[[Commentary (magazine)|Commentary]] |date=May 1953 |access-date=3 November 2017 }}</ref>

[[File:Herzl sketch flag.jpg|thumbnail|left|Herzl's proposed flag, as sketched in his diaries. Although he drew a [[Star of David]], he did not describe it as such.]]
In {{lang|de|[[Der Judenstaat]]}} (1896), [[Theodor Herzl]] writes: "We have no flag, and we need one. If we desire to lead many men, we must raise a symbol above their heads. I would suggest a white flag, with seven golden stars. The white field symbolizes our pure new life; the stars are the seven golden hours of our working-day. For we shall march into the Promised Land carrying the badge of honour."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/herzl_judenstaat_1896/76 |via=Deutsches Textarchiv |last=Herzl |first=Theodor |author-link=Theodor Herzl |title=Der Judenstaat. Versuch einer modernen Lösung der Judenfrage. |publisher=Leipzig u. a. |date=1896 |language=de }}</ref> Aware that the nascent Zionist movement had no official flag, [[David Wolffsohn]], a prominent Zionist, felt that Herzl's proposed design was not gaining significant support. But Herzl's original proposal was a flag devoid of traditional Jewish symbolism: seven golden stars was representing the 7-hour workday of the enlightened state-to-be, which would have advanced socialist legislation.<ref name="scholem">{{cite news |author-link=Gershom Scholem |last=Sholem |first=Gershom |title=The Curious History of the Six Pointed Star; How the 'Magen David' Became the Jewish Symbol |work=[[Commentary (magazine)|Commentary]] |date=September 1949 |pages=243–251 |url=https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/the-curious-history-of-the-six-pointed-starhow-the-magen-david-became-the-jewish-symbol/ |access-date=19 November 2013 }}</ref> In preparing for the [[First Zionist Congress]] in [[Basel]] in 1897, Wolffsohn wrote: "What flag would we hang in the Congress Hall? Then an idea struck me. We have a flag—and it is blue and white. The {{lang|he-Latn|talith}} (prayer shawl) with which we wrap ourselves when we pray: that is our symbol. Let us take this {{lang|he-Latn|Talith}} from its bag and unroll it before the eyes of Israel and the eyes of all nations. So I ordered a blue and white flag with the Shield of David painted upon it. That is how the national flag, that flew over Congress Hall, came into being."<ref name="wolff">{{cite web |last1=Mazur |first1=Edward |title=Flags of the forefathers and foremothers |url=http://www.chicagojewishhistory.org/media/2000/CJHS-Winter-2021.pdf |publisher=Chicago Jewish Historical Society |access-date=December 28, 2023 |date=2021 |quote=Bein, who in 1955 was appointed by Prime Minister David Ben Gurion as the Keeper of the Israel National Archives, ... claimed that David Wolffsohn, Herzl’s successor as president of the Zionist Congress, had been the first to come up with the idea of a blue-and white flag. “One of the many problems with which I had to deal,” Wolffsohn wrote in his reminiscences, from which Bein would quote at length and from which Weissman Joselit recounted in her Forward article, “was that of deciding with which flag we should drape the hall. The question troubled me considerably. We would obviously have to create a flag, since we had none … Suddenly, I got a brainwave: We already had a flag—the blue and white of the tallith … We had but to unfurl it before the eyes of the Jewish people and the world at large!”}}</ref> Morris Harris, a member of New York {{lang|he-Latn|Hovevei Zion}}, used his awning shop to design a suitable banner and decorations for the reception, and his mother Lena Harris sewed the flag. The flag was made with two blue stripes and a large blue Star of David in the center, the colours blue and white chosen from the design of the {{lang|he-Latn|tallit}}. The flag was ten feet by six feet—in the same proportions as the [[flag of the United States]]—and became known as the Flag of Zion. It was accepted as the official Zionist flag at the Second Zionist Congress held in Switzerland in 1898<ref>{{cite web |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/arab-israeli-war|title=Milestones: 1945–1952 |publisher=Office of the Historian, [[U.S. Department of State]] }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=April 2022}} and was flown with those of other nationalities at the [[World's Fair]] hosting the [[1904 Summer Olympics]] from one of the buildings at the [[Louisiana Purchase Exposition]], where large Zionist meetings were taking place.<ref>[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=132&letter=Z&search=Zionism Zionism article (section ''Wide Spread of Zionism'')] by Richard Gottheil in the ''[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]'', 1911</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Underwood |first=Underwood and |title=English: Title: "From tower of Electricity Building, northeast over Basin and Plaza to Manufactures Building, World's Fair, St. Louis, USA". [Louisiana Purchase Exposition]. U and U 48. |date=1904 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%22From_tower_of_Electricity_Building,_northeast_over_Basin_and_Plaza_to_Manufactures_Building,_World%27s_Fair,_St._Louis,_USA.%22_(Louisiana_Purchase_Exposition)._U_and_U_48_(cropped).jpg |access-date=2022-12-04}}</ref> The racial [[Nuremberg Laws]] enacted by [[Nazi Germany]] in 1935 referenced the Zionist flag and stated that the Jews were forbidden to display [[Nazi flag|the Reich and national flag]] or the German national colors but permitted to display the "Jewish colors".<ref>J. Boas: ''[http://history-of-the-holocaust.org/LIBARC/LIBRARY/Themes/Jews/Boas.html German–Jewish Internal Politics under Hitler 1933–1938] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040927143033/http://www.history-of-the-holocaust.org/LIBARC/LIBRARY/Themes/Jews/Boas.html |date=2004-09-27 }}'', in: Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook, 1984, pp3–25</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |title=German Press Advises Jews Not to Fly Zionist Flag |publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=23 September 1936 |url=https://www.jta.org/1936/09/23/archive/german-press-advises-jews-not-to-fly-zionist-flag}}</ref>

In May 1948, the Provisional State Council asked the Israeli public to submit proposals for a flag, and received 164 entries. Initially the council had wished to abandon the traditional design of the Zionist flag and create something completely different, to prevent Jews around the world being charged with dual loyalty when displaying the Zionist flag, which could be seen as the flag of a foreign country.<ref name="Libman1983">{{cite book|author1=Charles S. Liebman|author2=Yeshaʿyahu Libman|title=Civil Religion in Israel: Traditional Judaism and Political Culture in the Jewish State|url=https://archive.org/details/civilreligionini00lieb|url-access=registration|date=1 January 1983|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-04817-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/civilreligionini00lieb/page/n123 108]|quote=Moshe Sharett argued on behalf of the government that the proposed flag for the new state must be distinct from the Zionist flag. He explained that otherwise it would embarrass Diaspora Jews who "fly the flag of the world Jewish people – the Zionist flag" but who, understandably enough, would not want to fly the flag of the State of Israel.}}</ref> On 14 October 1948, after Zionist representatives from around the world allayed their Israeli colleagues' concerns, the flag of the [[Zionist Organization]] was adopted as the official flag of the State of Israel.<ref name="Mishory2019">{{cite book|author=Alec Mishory|title=Secularizing the Sacred: Aspects of Israeli Visual Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k8CnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA125|date=22 July 2019|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-40527-1|pages=125–130}}</ref>

==Design==
[[File:Flag-of-Israel-4-Zachi-Evenor.jpg|thumb|Modern photo showing the flag of Israel|left|200px]]
{{multiple image
 | align = right
 | direction = vertical
 | width = 200
 | footer =
 | image1 = Flag of Israel (construction sheet).svg
 | alt1 =
 | caption1 = [[Technical drawing]] of the flag - note that the length of the triangles in the Hexagram is not defined by law, only the thickness of its stripe. This drawing assumes a diameter of 69, as in the most common usage.
 | image2 = Flag of Israel (construction sheet D66).svg
 | alt2 =
 | caption2 = If the diameter is assumed to be 66 units, however, the Hexagram can be constructed off an isometric grid.
}}

The Provisional Council of State Proclamation of the Flag of the State of Israel states:<ref name=history/>
{{blockquote|The flag is 220 cm. long and 160 cm. wide. The background is white and on it are two stripes of dark sky-blue, 25 cm. broad, over the whole length of the flag, at a distance of 15 cm. from the top and from the bottom of the flag. In the middle of the white background, between the two blue stripes and at equal distance from each stripe is a Star of David, composed of six dark sky-blue stripes, 5.5 cm. broad, which form two equilateral triangles, the bases of which are parallel to the two horizontal stripes.}}

Although the stripes are described as a "dark sky-blue" and the [[Shield of David]] as simply "sky-blue", the two elements of the flag are almost always the same shade.

===Colours===
In Hebrew, the blue is described as {{Script/Hebrew|תְּכֵלֶת}} {{transliteration|he|[[tḵēleṯ]]}}, which traditionally refers to a dark sky-blue dye identical to [[indigo dye|indigo]]—so identical in fact that supposedly only God could distinguish between them<ref>[https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Metzia.61b.7?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en Bava Metzia 61b]</ref>—and which was extracted from a sea creature called a {{Script/Hebrew|חִלָּזוֹן}} {{transliteration|he|ḥillāzōn}} (almost certainly the [[banded dye-murex]], from which a dye chemically identical to indigo can be extracted).<ref name="tekhelet">{{cite web |title=Historical Review of Tekhelet & the Hillazon |url=http://www.tekhelet.com/pdf/timeline.pdf |publisher=Ptil Tekhelet Organization |last=Navon |first=Mois |access-date=2015-09-18}}</ref> But flags with vastly differing shades of blue are commonplace, such that Israel's national colours are sometimes said to be {{Script/Hebrew|כָּחֹל לָבָן}} {{transliteration|he|kāḥol lāḇān}} ("(dark) blue (and) white") instead of {{Script/Hebrew|תְּכֵלֶת לָבָן}} {{transliteration|he|tḵēleṯ lāḇān}} ("(sky) blue (and) white").

In 1950 a decision was made to set the standard colour for government-regulated Israeli flags as "Indanthren Calidon (GCDN)",<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.imj.org.il/exhibitions/2008/blueonwhite/item2.asp?itemNum=142 |title=כחול על גבי לבן |access-date=15 November 2024 |archive-date=13 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100713224509/http://www.imj.org.il/exhibitions/2008/blueonwhite/item2.asp?itemNum=142 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> while Israeli product labels are told to use [[CMYK]] 100/70/0/28.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.chamber.org.il/media/166746/label_marking.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 November 2024 |archive-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111172933/https://www.chamber.org.il/media/166746/label_marking.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
![[File:Flag of Israel.svg|30px]]<br>Colour scheme
! style="background:#0038b8; color:white; width:200px" | Blue
! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:black; width:200px"| White
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:right" | '''[[Pantone]]'''
| <code>286 C</code> || <code>White</code>
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:right" | '''[[RGB color model|RGB]]'''
| <code>0/56/184</code> || <code>255/255/255</code>
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:right" | '''[[Hexadecimal]]'''
| <code>#0038b8</code> || <code>#FFFFFF</code>
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:right" |'''[[CMYK color model|CMYK]]'''
| <code>100/70/0/28</code> || <code>0/0/0/0</code>
|}

====Interpretation of colours====
{{main|Tekhelet}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Scheme
! Textile color
|-
! style="background:#ffffff"|White
| ''Ḥeseḏ'' (Divine Benevolence)<ref name="Why the Tallit Barcode"/> <!-- Symbol of light, honesty, innocence and peace. -->
|-
! style="background: #00416A"| <span style="color:#ffffff"> Blue </span> <!-- The shade used here is "indigo dye", as Biblical blue was described as being indistinguishable from it. -->
| It symbolizes God's Glory, purity and ''Gḇūrā'' (God's severity)<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="ReferenceB"/> <!-- , trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, intelligence, faith, truth, and heaven. -->
|-
|}
[[File:Western Wall - by Jacob Rask.jpg|thumb|Jewish [[tallit|prayer shawl]] with blue stripes]]
The blue stripes symbolise the stripes on a {{lang|he-Latn|[[tallit]]}}, the traditional [[Jewish services|Jewish prayer]] shawl. The Star of David is a widely acknowledged symbol of the Jewish people and Judaism. In Judaism, the [[Blue in Judaism|colour blue]] symbolises God's glory, purity and ''gevura'' (God's severity).<ref name="ReferenceA">''[[Numbers Rabbah]]'' 14:3; ''[[Hullin]]'' 89a.</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">[[Book of Exodus|Exodus]] 24:10; [[Ezekiel]] 1:26; ''[[Hullin]]'' 89a.</ref> <!-- , trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, intelligence, faith, truth, and heaven. --> The White field represents ''hesed'' (Divine Benevolence).<ref name="Why the Tallit Barcode">{{cite web |url=http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/536810/jewish/Why-the-Tallit-Barcode.htm |title=Why the Tallit Barcode? |publisher=[[Chabad]] |access-date=13 November 2014}}</ref> <!-- Symbol of light, honesty, innocence and peace. -->

In the Bible, the Israelites are commanded to have one of the threads of their tassels ({{Lang|he-Latn|tzitzit}}) dyed with {{Lang|he-Latn|tekhelet}} "so that they may look upon it, and remember all the commandments of the {{LORD}}, and do them" ({{Bibleverse|Num|15:39|KJV}}). {{Lang|he-Latn|Tekhelet}} corresponds to the colour of the divine revelation ([[Midrash]] Numbers Rabbah xv.). Sometime near the end of the Talmudic era (500–600 CE) the industry that produced this dye collapsed. It became rarer; over time, the Jewish community lost the tradition of which species of shellfish produced this dye. Since Jews were then unable to fulfil this commandment, they have since left their {{Lang|he-Latn|tzitzit}} ({{Lang|he-Latn|tallit}} strings) white. But in remembrance of the commandment to use the {{Lang|he-Latn|tekhelet}} dye, it became common for Jews to weave blue or purple stripes into the cloth of their {{Lang|he-Latn|tallit}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simmons |first=Rabbi Shraga |url=http://judaism.about.com/library/3_askrabbi_o/bl_simmons_tallit.htm |title=Tallit stripes |publisher=Ask the Rabbi on [[About.com]] |access-date=3 April 2006 |archive-date=20 September 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050920005343/http://judaism.about.com/library/3_askrabbi_o/bl_simmons_tallit.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Notable flags==
[[File:Buchenwald-released-palestine-bound.gif|thumb|Released inmates of [[Buchenwald concentration camp]] flying a home-made flag on their way to Palestine]]
* The "[[Ink Flag]]" of 1949, which was raised during the War of Independence near present-day [[Eilat]]. This homemade flag's raising on a pole by several Israeli soldiers was immortalized in a photograph that has been compared with the [[Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima|famous photograph]] of the [[United States flag]] being raised atop [[Mount Suribachi|Suribachi]] on the island of [[Iwo Jima]] in 1945. Like the latter photograph, the Ink Flag raising has also been reproduced as a memorial.
* The Israeli flag that stayed flying throughout the siege of [[Fort Budapest]] during the [[Yom Kippur War]], which is currently preserved in the [[Yad La-Shiryon|Israeli Armored Corps memorial]] at [[Latrun]]. Fort Budapest was the only strongpoint along the [[Bar-Lev Line]] to remain in Israeli hands during the war.
* The 2007 World Record Flag, which was unveiled at an airfield near the historic mountain fortress of [[Masada]]. The flag, manufactured in the [[Philippines]], measured {{convert|660|x|100|m|ft|sp=us}} and weighed {{convert|5.2|tonne|short ton}}, breaking the previous record, measured and verified by representatives for the ''[[Guinness Book of Records]]''. It was made by [[Filipino people|Filipino]] entrepreneur and [[Protestantism in the Philippines|Evangelical Christian]] Grace Galindez-Gupana as a religious token and diplomatic gesture of support for Israel.<ref name="haaretz">{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.4960118|title=Giant Israeli flag breaks world record for largest in world |work=[[Haaretz]] |date=25 November 2007 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=2014-08-02|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20220106172809/https://www.haaretz.com/1.4960118|archivedate=2022-01-06}}</ref> In the Philippines, churches often display the Israeli flag.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2021/july-web-only/flags-church-sanctuary-patriotism-nationalism.html |title=Do Flags Belong in Churches? Pastors Around the World Weigh In. |work=Christianity Today |date=2 July 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210703083402/https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2021/july-web-only/flags-church-sanctuary-patriotism-nationalism.html |archive-date=3 July 2021}}</ref> This record has since been surpassed several times.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-flag-flown |title=Largest flag flown |website=Guinness World Records|date=28 March 2022 }}</ref>
                                                                                                              
==Criticism==
The [[High Follow-Up Committee for Arab Citizens of Israel]] claims that Israel's national symbols, including its flag, constitute an official bias towards the Jewish majority that reinforces the inequality between Arabs and Jews in Israel.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Future Vision of Palestinian Arabs in Israel |author=The National Committee for the Heads of the Arab Local Authorities in Israel|page=7|date=December 2006 |url=http://www.mossawacenter.org/files/files/File/Reports/2006/Future%20Vision%20(English).pdf |access-date=2020-04-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327103836/http://www.mossawacenter.org/files/files/File/Reports/2006/Future%20Vision%20%28English%29.pdf |archive-date=27 March 2009}}</ref>

Criticism from [[Haredi Judaism|strictly Orthodox Jews]] stems from their opposition to early Zionism, when some went as far as banning the Star of David, originally a religious symbol, which they felt had become "defiled" after the [[World Zionist Organization]] adopted it.<ref>{{cite book|title=Diaspora Nationalism and Jewish Identity in Habsburg Galicia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rji2GtPYn50C|access-date=9 May 2013|date=31 August 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-01424-4|pages=172–173}}</ref> Similarly, contemporary leaders such as Rabbi [[Moses Feinstein]] called the Israeli flag "a foolish and meaningless object", discouraging its display in synagogues,<ref name="Rabkin2006">{{cite book|author=Yakov M. Rabkin|title=A threat from within: a century of Jewish opposition to Zionism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fTx2AAAAMAAJ|access-date=16 August 2011|year=2006|publisher=Fernwood Pub.|isbn=978-1-55266-171-0|page=166}}</ref> while the [[Chazon Ish]] wrote that praying in a synagogue decorated with an Israeli flag should be avoided even if no other synagogue is nearby.<ref>Yakov Rabkin. [http://www.palint.org/article.php?articleid=19 Judaism vs Zionism in the Holy Land], A Threat from Within: A Century of Jewish Opposition to Zionism, Fernwood/Zed Books, 2006.</ref> The former Sephardic Chief Rabbi of Israel, [[Ovadia Yosef]], also forbade the flying of the Israeli flag in synagogues, calling it "a reminder of the acts of the evil-doers";<ref>{{cite book|title=Diaspora Nationalism and Jewish Identity in Habsburg Galicia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rji2GtPYn50C|access-date=9 May 2013|date=31 August 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-01424-4|pages=172–173|quote=Perhaps, the most prominent Sephardic legal authority, Rabbi Ovadia Yosef of Jerusalem, upholds Rabbi Feinstein's verdict and, in his comment, specifies that "those who chose this flag as a symbol of the State were evil-doers." Emphasizing that removing the flag, "a vain and useless object", from the synagogue should be done in harmony and peace, he recommends "uprooting all related to the flag so that it should not constitute a reminder of the acts of the evil-doers."}}</ref> Rabbi [[Joel Teitelbaum]] called the flag the "flag of heresy" and viewed it as an object of idol worship.<ref>{{cite book|title=Shimy Dvar HaShem|date=22 August 2014|page=44}}</ref> Despite the legal requirement (since 1997) that all government-funded schools fly the Israeli flag,<ref name="Jacobsohn2009">{{cite book|author=Gary J. Jacobsohn|title=The Wheel of Law: India's Secularism in Comparative Constitutional Context|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-8C-YrYRnQQC&pg=PA4|date=10 January 2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-2557-8|page=4}}</ref> Haredi Jews generally refrain from displaying it at all,<ref name="Litvak2006">{{cite book|author=Meir Litvak|title=Middle Eastern Societies and the West: Accommodation Or Clash of Civilizations?|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_cpjrIcHoQkC&pg=PA287|year=2006|publisher=The Moshe Dayan Center|isbn=978-965-224-073-6|page=287|chapter=Haredim and Western Culture: A View from Both Sides of the Ocean|quote=Note 31: This display of flags stands in sharp contrast with the negative attitude of Israeli Haredim toward the Israeli flag, which consequently is never displayed on Israeli Haredi homes or businesses.}}</ref> although in a gesture of gratitude for state funding, the [[Ponevezh Yeshiva]] raise the flag once a year on [[Independence Day (Israel)|Independence Day]].<ref name="Baumel2006">{{cite book|author=Simeon D. Baumel|title=Sacred Speakers: Language and Culture Among the Haredim in Israel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uKfnmG-pREEC&pg=PA40|year=2006|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-84545-062-5|page=40|quote=In contrast to other Haredi leaders of the time, he also turned to government sources to further his aims. He was therefore meticulous in making sure that the Israeli flag would be raised above the Yeshiva each Independence Day, a symbol of the ''modus vivendi'' he had reached with the Israeli government.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Matthew Wagner|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel/Haredis-indifferent-to-flag-on-yeshiva|title=Haredis indifferent to flag on yeshiva|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=3 May 2006|access-date=2020-04-30}}</ref> Some fringe groups that theologically oppose Jewish sovereignty in the Holy Land burn it on Independence Day.<ref name="GoodeBen-Yehuda2010">{{cite book|author1=Erich Goode|author2=Nachman Ben-Yehuda|title=Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SbY2Mksi1kcC&pg=PA16|date=19 January 2010|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-0793-1|page=16|quote=Many haredim or ultra-orthodox Jews believe that the state of Israel should not be considered legitimate until the messiah manifests himself. Hence, some anti-Zionist haredi factions practice the burning of the Israeli flag on Independence Day}}</ref>                  
                                                                                                                                  
===Blue Lines===                                                                                                                            
[[Yasser Arafat]] claimed that the two blue stripes on the Israeli flag represent the [[Nile]] and [[Euphrates]] rivers and alleged that Israel desires to eventually seize all the land in between.<ref>{{cite journal |authorlink=Daniel Pipes |last=Pipes |first=Daniel |url=https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/imperial-israel-the-nile-to-euphrates-calumny |accessdate=April 16, 2025 |title=Imperial Israel: The Nile-to-Euphrates Calumny |journal=[[Middle East Quarterly]] |year=1994 |volume=1 |issue=2}}</ref> Such a reading is based on the [[Book of Genesis]], which claims the two rivers are the boundaries of the [[Promised Land]].<ref>Genesis 15.18: "The Lord made a covenant with Abram, saying unto thy seed have I given this land from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the River Euphrates."</ref> The [[1988 Hamas charter|Hamas Covenant]] says, "After Palestine, the Zionists aspire to expand from the Nile to the Euphrates" and in 2006, Hamas leader [[Mahmoud al-Zahar]] issued a demand for Israel to change its flag, citing the "Nile to Euphrates" issue.<ref>Shiloh, Scott. [http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=97520 Mofaz: Hamas Acting Responsibly; Hamas: Israel Must Change Flag], ''[[Arutz Sheva]]'', 30 January 2006. Retrieved 3 April 2006.</ref> The Arab writer [[Saqr Abu Fakhr]] has written that the "Nile to Euphrates" claim is a popular misconception about Jews that persists in the Arab world despite being unfounded and refuted by abundant evidence.<ref>Abu Fakhr, Saqr. "Seven Prejudices about the Jews", ''[[Al-Hayat]]'', 12–14 November 1997.</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Israel|Heraldry}}
* [[Blue in Judaism]]
* [[List of national symbols of Israel]]
* [[Flag of the British Mandate of Palestine]]
* [[Flag of Northern Cyprus]]
* [[Karamanids#Flag|Karamanid flag]]
* [[List of flags of Israel]]
* [[Dance of Flags]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|National flag of Israel}}
* [https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/isflag.html The Israeli Flag] ([[Jewish Virtual Library]])

{{Israel topics}}
{{Asia topic|Flag of|title=[[Flags of Asia]]}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Israel, Flag of}}
[[Category:Flags of Israel| ]]
[[Category:National symbols of Israel|Flag]]
[[Category:National flags]]
[[Category:Religious flags]]
[[Category:Flag controversies]]
[[Category:Ethnic flags]]
[[Category:Flags with stars]]
[[Category:Blue and white flags]]
[[Category:Flags of indigenous peoples]]
[[Category:Flags with rectangular symmetry]]