View source for Flag of Turkey

{{Short description|none}}
 
{{Infobox flag
| Name = Republic of Türkiye
| Image = Flag of Turkey.svg
| Image_size = 
| Nickname = ''Ay Yıldız'' ("moon star"), ''Al Bayrak'' ("red flag")
| Use = 111111
| Symbol = {{FIAV|111111}}{{FIAV|normal}}{{IFIS|Mirror}}
| Proportion = 2:3
| Adoption = 1844 (Ottoman flag) <br/>29 May 1936 (standardized)
| Design = A red field charged with a white [[crescent and star]] slightly left-of-center.<ref name="THS81"/>
}}

The [[national flag]] of [[Turkey]], officially the '''Turkish flag'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/presidency/turkishflag/|title = Turkish Flag}}</ref> ({{langx|tr|Türk bayrağı}}), is a red [[flag]] featuring a white [[crescent and star]] on its emblem, based on the 18th-century [[Flags of the Ottoman Empire|flag of the Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Turkish Flag |url=https://www.tccb.gov.tr/cumhurbaskanligi/resmi-simgeler/bayrak/ |access-date=11 April 2024}}</ref> The flag is often called "the red flag" ({{lang|tr|al bayrak}}), and is referred to as "the red banner" ({{lang|tr|al sancak}}) in the [[Turkish national anthem]]. The measures, geometric proportions, and exact tone of red of the flag of [[Turkey]] were legally standardized with the Turkish Flag Law on 29 May 1936.<ref name="THS81">{{cite web |title=Türk Bayrağı Kanunu |trans-title=Law on Turkish Flag |url=https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/KANUNLAR_KARARLAR/kanuntbmmc016/kanuntbmmc016/kanuntbmmc01602994.pdf|website=Tbmm.gov.tr|access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Further|Flags of the Ottoman Empire}}
[[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg|thumb|The star and crescent flag of the Ottoman Empire, a late 18th-century design officially adopted in 1844{{FIAV|historical}}]]
The [[star and crescent]] design appears on Ottoman flags beginning in the late 18th or early 19th century. The white star and crescent moon on red as the flag of the Ottoman Empire were introduced in 1844.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Silk Road of Adaptation: Transformations across Disciplines and Cultures|last=Raw|first=Laurence|date=2013-09-18|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=9781443852890|pages=42|language=en}}</ref>

After the declaration of the [[Republic of Turkey]] in 1923, the new administrative regime maintained the last flag of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. Proportional standardizations were introduced in the Turkish Flag Law of 1936.<ref name="THS81" />

== Legal basis ==
Fundamentals of the Turkish flag were laid down by Turkish Flag Law No. 2994 on 29 May 1936 during the Republic period of Turkey. Turkish Flag Regulation No. 2/7175 dated 28 July 1937, and Supplementary Regulation No. 11604/2 dated 29 July 1939, were enacted to describe how the flag law would be implemented. The Turkish Flag Law No. 2893 dated 22 September 1983, and Published in the Official Gazette on 24 September 1983, was promulgated six months after its publication. According to Article 9 of Law No. 2893, a statute including the fundamentals of the implementation was also published.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkey: Law on the flag |url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/tr_law.html |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=www.crwflags.com}}</ref>

=== Usage in the Republic of Cyprus ===
According to the [[Constitution of Cyprus]], the community authorities and their institutions have the right to hoist the Turkish flag (as well as the [[Greek flag]]) alongside the [[flag of Cyprus]] during the holidays. Any citizen may, without any restriction, fly the Greek or Turkish flag, or both, next to the flag of Cyprus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.law.gov.cy/law/law.nsf/1D2CDD154DCF33C9C225878E0030BA5E/$file/The%20Constitution%20of%20the%20Republic%20of%20Cyprus.pdf|title =The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus 
|quote=2. The authorities of the Republic and any public corporation or public utility body created by or under the laws of the Republic shall fly the flag of the Republic and they shall have the right to fly on holidays together with the flag of the Republic both the Greek and the Turkish flags at the same time.<br/>3. The Communal authorities and institutions shall have the right to fly on holidays together with the flag of the Republic either the Greek or the Turkish flag at the same time.<br/>4. Any citizen of the Republic or any body, corporate or unincorporate other than public, whose members are citizens of the Republic, shall have the right to fly on their premises the flag of the Republic or the Greek or the Turkish flag without any restriction. }}</ref>

== Construction ==

===Dimensions===
The specification below, given by Turkish Flag Law, implies that the distance between (the left edge of) the inner circle of the crescent and a vertical line connecting the two pointed ends of the crescent is {{frac|279|800}} G = 0.34875 G; thus, the left point of the star intrudes about 0.0154 G beyond that line.
[[File:Flag of Turkey (construction sheet).svg|500px|thumb|center|Construction sheet]]
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
|-
!Letter
!Measure
!Length
|-
|G
|Width
|
|-
|A
|Distance between the centre of the outer crescent and the seam of the white band
|{{frac|1|2}} G
|-
|B
|Diameter of the circle around the star
|{{frac|1|4}} G
|-
|C
|Distance between the centres of the inner and outer circles of the crescent
|{{frac|1|16}} G
|-
|D
|Diameter of the inner circle of the crescent
|{{frac|2|5}} G
|-
|E
|Distance between the inner circle of the crescent and the circle around the star
|{{frac|1|3}} G
|-
|F
|Diameter of the outer circle of the crescent
|{{frac|1|2}} G
|-
|L
|Length
|{{frac|1|1|2}} G
|-
|M
|Width of the white hem at the hoist
|{{frac|1|30}} G
|}

== Display and use ==
{{unsourced section|date=August 2023}}
[[File:Vertical Flag of Turkey.svg|thumb|350x350px|The Turkish Flag in vertical format{{IFIS|Vertical exclusive}}]]
[[File:National Cockade of Turkey.svg|thumb|180x180px|The National [[Cockade]] of Turkey]]

=== State institutions ===
The flag is always displayed prominently in state institutions from schools to ministries. The Beştepe Presidential Complex, [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|Parliament]], ministries, schools, military, councils, governors buildings, muhtar's offices, bridges, airports, and every state owned building in the country features one or more flags of Turkey.

=== Uniforms ===
On military uniforms the flag is displayed on a patch either on the right shoulder or on the front of the uniform. Helmets can display the flag too on the front or the sides. Flight suits, navy uniforms, [[Gendarmerie General Command|Jandarma]] uniforms and others feature the flag on shoulder patches or helmets. Along with uniforms several emblems and patches display the flag with prominence or minor alteration.

=== Days of display ===
Turkey celebrates many national events such as battle victories and [[Republic Day (Turkey)|Republic Day]]. People come to the streets with their flags to celebrate such days. On other occasions the public uses the flag heavily when protesting or commemorating certain events or deaths respectively. Statues and monuments may be draped with the flag while marches and songs are played. On television screens the flag is displayed in celebration of such events too with the portrait of [[Atatürk]] next to it. The flag may also be presented at half staff in mourning of tragic events or important days.

=== Funerals ===
The flag has a prominent display on state and military funerals. A burial flag is always draped over the deceased coffin and is carried by the [[Askeri İnzibat|military police]] or relatives of the deceased. Soldiers of all types and the Presidential Guard also carry the coffin at times. Many attendees also feature the flag on their lapels along with an image of the deceased.

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="250" mode="packed">
File:Flags of Turkey and Northern Cyprus - Northern Nicosia - Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - 01 (28439610076).jpg|Flag of Turkey and [[Northern Cyprus]]
File:Atatürk schoolroom wall.jpg|The flag is prominently displayed in classrooms and any and all state institutions.
File:İsmet İnönü Hatay'da (1939).jpg|The Turkish flag brought upon the annexation of [[Hatay State|Hatay]].
File:84 fanteria Venezia vittoria 26 ottobre 1911.jpg|Turkish flag captured by Italian Forces in 1911 ([[Italo-Turkish War]], [[Libya]])
File:Turkish Republic Day 2012 02.JPG|Celebration of [[Republic Day (Turkey)|Republic Day]]
File:2010 Opening Ceremony - Turkey entering cropped.jpg|Opening ceremony of the [[2010 Winter Olympics]]
File:Turkey flag.jpg|Turkish flag by the [[15 July Martyrs Bridge]]
File:The new embassy of Turkey in Mogadishu.jpeg|The Turkish Embassy in Somalia
File:Turkish flags at half staff.jpg|Turkish flags at half mast, commemorating the [[2016 Atatürk Airport attack]]
File:Flag of Hatay.svg|Flag of [[Hatay State]] 
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[National emblem of Turkey]]
* [[Flag of Pakistan]]
* [[Flag of Azerbaijan]]
* [[Flag of Libya]]
* [[Flag of Northern Cyprus]]
* [[Flags of the Ottoman Empire]]
* [[Flag of Tunisia]]
* [[Flag of East Turkestan]]
* [[List of Turkish flags]]

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|National flag of Turkey}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110607174704/http://www.ttk.org.tr/index.php?Page=Sayfa&No=81 Türk Bayrağı Kanunu], the Turkish text of the Turkish Flag Law No. 2893 dated September 22, 1983, establishing the proportions, production, and rules of usage of the flag of Turkey
*{{FOTW | title=Turkey | id=tr}}

{{Turkey topics}}
{{Flags of Europe}}
{{Asia topic|Flag of|title=[[Flags of Asia]]}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Flag of Turkey}}
[[Category:Flags with star and crescent|Turkey]]
[[Category:National flags|Turkey]]
[[Category:National symbols of Turkey]]
[[Category:Red and white flags|Turkey]]
[[Category:Flags introduced in 1936|Turkey]]
[[Category:Flags of Cyprus]]
[[Category:Vertically symmetrical flags|Turkey]]