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{{Short description|1959 Japanese film by Yasujirō Ozu}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = Floating Weeds
| image          = Floating Weeds 1959 poster.jpg
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| director       = [[Yasujirō Ozu]]
| writer         = {{Plainlist|
* [[Kogo Noda]]
* Yasujirō Ozu
}}
| producer       = [[Masaichi Nagata]]
| starring       = {{Plainlist|<!-- Per the Japanese film poster -->
* [[Machiko Kyō]]
* [[Hiroshi Kawaguchi (actor)|Hiroshi Kawaguchi]]
* [[Hitomi Nozoe]]
* [[Ayako Wakao]]
* [[Nakamura Ganjirō II]]
* [[Chishū Ryū]]
* [[Haruko Sugimura]]
* [[Kōji Mitsui]]
* [[Haruo Tanaka]]
* Yosuke Irie
* Hikaru Hoshi
* Mantarō Ushio
}}
| cinematography = [[Kazuo Miyagawa]]
| editing        = Toyo Suzuki
| music          = Kojun Saitō
| distributor    = [[Daiei Film]]
| released       = {{Film date|1959|11|17}}
| runtime        = 119 minutes
| country        = Japan
| language       = Japanese
| budget         = 
}}

{{nihongo|'''''Floating Weeds'''''|浮草|Ukigusa|lead=yes}} is a 1959 Japanese drama directed by [[Yasujirō Ozu]], starring [[Nakamura Ganjirō II]] and [[Machiko Kyō]]. Considered one of the [[List of films considered the best|greatest films ever made]], it is a [[remake]] of Ozu's own [[black-and-white]] [[silent film]] ''[[A Story of Floating Weeds]]'' (1934).

==Plot==
During the summer of 1958 at a seaside town on the [[Seto Inland Sea|Inland Sea]], a travelling theatre troupe arrives by ship, headed by the troupe's lead actor and owner, Komajuro. While the rest of the troupe goes around the town to publicize their appearance, Komajuro visits his former mistress, Oyoshi, who runs a small eatery in the town. They have a grown-up son, Kiyoshi, who works at the post office as a mail clerk and is saving up to study at the university. However, he doesn't know who Komajuro is, having been told he is his uncle. Komajuro invites Kiyoshi to go fishing at sea.

When Sumiko, the lead actress of the troupe and Komajuro's present girlfriend, learns that Komajuro is visiting his former mistress, she becomes jealous and visits Oyoshi's eatery. Komajuro chases her away quickly and confronts her. He tells her to back off from his son and decides to break up with her. Sumiko calls Komajuro an ingrate and reminds him of the times she has helped him out in the past.

One day, Sumiko offers Kayo, a young actress from the same troupe, some money and asks her to seduce Kiyoshi. Although Kayo is initially reluctant, she agrees after Sumiko's insistence without being told why. However, after knowing Kiyoshi for some time, she falls for him and decides to tell Kiyoshi the truth about how their relationship started. Kiyoshi is undaunted and says it does not matter to him, and eventually their relationship is discovered by Komajuro.

Komajuro confronts Kayo, who tells him of Sumiko's setup, but only after asserting she now loves Kiyoshi and is not doing it for money. Komajuro attacks Sumiko and tells her to disappear from his sight. She pleads for reconciliation but he is indignant.

Meanwhile, the troupe's old-fashioned [[kabuki]]-style performances fail to attract the town's residents; the other actors pursue their own romantic diversions at local businesses, including a brothel and a barber shop. Eventually, the manager of the troupe abandons them and a principal supporting player absconds with the remaining funds. Komajuro has no choice but to disband the troupe, and they meet for a melancholy last night together. Komajuro then goes to Oyoshi's place and tells her of the break-up. Oyoshi persuades him to tell Kiyoshi the truth about his parenthood and then stay together with them at her place as a family. Komajuro agrees.

When Kiyoshi returns with Kayo, Komajuro becomes so enraged that he beats both of them repeatedly, leading to a tussle between Kiyoshi and him. To stifle the brawl, Oyoshi reveals to him the truth about Komajuro. Kiyoshi first responds that he had suspected it all along, but then refuses to accept Komajuro as his father, saying he has coped well without one so far and goes upstairs. Taking in Kiyoshi's reaction, Komajuro decides to leave after all. Kayo wants to join Komajuro to help him achieve success for the family, but a chastened Komajuro asks her to stay to help make Kiyoshi a fine man, as Komajuro's always hoped. Kiyoshi later has a change of heart and goes downstairs to look for Komajuro, but his father has already left, and Oyoshi tells Kiyoshi to let him go.

At the train station in town, Komajuro tries to light a cigarette but has no matches. Sumiko, who is sitting nearby, offers him a light. She asks where he is going and asks to accompany him since she now has no place to go. They reconcile and Sumiko decides to join Komajuro to start anew under another [[impresario]] at [[Kuwana]].

==Cast==
{{cast list|
*[[Nakamura Ganjirō II]]{{efn|[[Nakamura Ganjirō II]] is the only actor in the cast who was a Kabuki actor in real life: he was one of the most influential Kabuki actors in the [[post-World War II]] era and was the father of the legendary Kabuki actor [[Sakata Tōjūrō IV]] (one of the greatest Kabuki actors in all time and one of the most influential in the [[Shōwa era|Shōwa]] and [[Heisei era|Heisei]] eras).}} - Komajuro (troupe leader)
*[[Machiko Kyō]] - Sumiko (Komajuro's mistress)
*[[Hiroshi Kawaguchi (actor)|Hiroshi Kawaguchi]] - Kiyoshi (Komajuro's son)
*[[Haruko Sugimura]] - Oyoshi (Kiyoshi's mother)
*[[Ayako Wakao]] - Kayo (young actress)
*[[Hitomi Nozoe]] - Aiko (barber's daughter)
*[[Chishū Ryū]] - Theatre owner
*[[Kōji Mitsui]] - Kichinosuke (lead supporting player)
*[[Haruo Tanaka]] - Yatazo (supporting player)
*[[Mantarō Ushio]] - Sentaro (supporting player)
*[[Mutsuko Sakura]] - O-Katsu (prostitute)
*[[Natsuko Kahara]] - Yae (prostitute)
*[[Tatsuo Hanabu]] - Rokuzaburo (veteran crew member)
*[[Tadashi Date]] - Senshō (veteran crew member)
*[[Toyoko Takahashi]] - Aiko no haha (Aiko's mother)
*[[Hikaru Hoshi]] - Kimura (manager)
*[[Yosuke Irie]] - Sugiyama (young crew member)
*[[Kumeko Urabe]] - Shige (female crew member)
*[[Masahiko Shimazu]] - Masao (Senshō's grandson)
*[[Tsûsai Sugawara]] - Buyer at bankruptcy
}}

==Production==

''Floating Weeds'', Ozu's only film for [[Daiei Film|Daiei]], was produced at the studio's urging after he completed ''[[Good Morning (1959 film)|Good Morning]]'', which had fulfilled the director's contractual obligation to complete one film per year for [[Shochiku]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Donald|last=Richie|url=https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/320-stories-of-floating-weeds|title=Stories of ''Floating Weeds''|publisher=[[The Criterion Collection]]|date=April 19, 2004|access-date=April 21, 2020}}</ref> Ozu first planned to remake ''[[A Story of Floating Weeds]]'' for Shochiku, and the title was intended to be ''A Ham Actor'' ({{lang|ja|大根役者}} ''{{transliteration|ja|daikon yakusha}}'', "radish actor"); the stars (most of whom were attached to Shochiku) were to include [[Eitarō Shindō]] and [[Chikage Awashima]] as the primary leads, [[Masami Taura]] and [[Ineko Arima]] as the youth leads, and [[Isuzu Yamada]] as the former mistress. Filming had been delayed in 1958 due to an unexpectedly mild winter in the [[Niigata Prefecture|Niigata]] region, where Ozu had hoped to film a snowy location; when the Daiei opportunity arose, he followed through on his plan to move filming to a summer setting in seaside [[Wakayama Prefecture|Wakayama]]. The actors were replaced mostly with Daiei contract players, and the title was changed in deference to [[Nakamura Ganjirō II]], the respected kabuki theater star who played the lead.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.a2pcinema.com/ozu-san/films/floatingweeds.htm|title=FLOATING WEEDS (Ukikusa)|publisher=Ozusan.com|access-date=April 22, 2020}}</ref> (When Kiyoshi charges Komajūrō with hamming it up, the actor asserts that it's the style of acting that his public pays to see.)

In a bit of [[stunt casting]], Ozu did secure [[Kōji Mitsui]] from Shochiku for his seventh and final role for the director, as the character who drives the subplot about the amorous escapades of the supporting players; as Hideo Mitsui, the actor had portrayed the protagonist's son in the 1934 version.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Richie|first1=Donald|title=Ozu|url=https://archive.org/details/ozu00dona|url-access=registration|date=1974|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley, CA|isbn=0-520-03277-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/ozu00dona/page/246 246]}}</ref>
 
The troupe is first observed performing a scene from a play about [[Kunisada Chūji|Chuji Kunisada]], a 19th-century historical figure who was romanticised as a forest-dwelling [[Robin Hood|Robin-Hood]]-like hero in a number of plays, novels, and films. In the scene shown, Kunisada (played by Sumiko) is taking his leave of his faithful companions, Gantetsu and Jōhachi, on Mt. Akagi. Wild geese flying south for the winter and crows returning to their nests are used as images of parting. Ozu includes a small joke in the staging of the scene to confirm that this is not a very polished troupe of actors. When Gantetsu delivers the line, "The wild geese are calling as they fly towards the southern skies," he points off-stage into the auditorium. So when Sumiko, as Chuji, turns stage left to deliver the line "And the moon is descending behind the western mountains," she is actually facing east.

Despite [[Nakamura Ganjirō II]]'s fame as a noted star of kabuki theater, he is shown applying full makeup but not actually filmed onstage, though he is heard off-screen as the audience watches him perform and players backstage lament the show's poor attendance. Nakamura recalled that he and Machiko Kyo got sick with a cold after filming the confrontation scene between their characters in the rain.

[[Kazuo Miyagawa]] served as cinematographer for the film, replacing Ozu's favorite cameraman, Yuharu Atsuta. In an interview, Ozu described the film as an experiment on how to bring life to an old fashioned story in a modern setting and noted that by working with Miyagawa, he realized that different colors required varying degrees of lighting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.a2pcinema.com/ozu-san/films/floatingweeds.htm |title=Floating Weeds (1959) |publisher=a2pcinema.com |date= |accessdate=2023-02-04}}</ref>

== Release ==
[[File:Floating Weeds.jpg|thumb|[[Criterion Collection|Criterion]] DVD Cover to ''Floating Weeds'' (1959)]]
=== Theatrical ===
''Floating Weeds'' was released on November 17, 1959. It was released theatrically in the United States by Altura Films International on November 24, 1970.

===Home media===
''Floating Weeds'' was released on Region 1 [[DVD]] by [[The Criterion Collection]] as a two-disc set with ''A Story of Floating Weeds''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.criterion.com/boxsets/369-a-story-of-floating-weeds-floating-weeds-two-films-by-yasujiro-ozu|title=A Story of Floating Weeds|publisher=The Criterion Collection}}</ref> An alternate audio track contains a [[audio commentary|commentary]] by [[Roger Ebert]].

The two films were re-released by Criterion on a single Region A [[Blu-ray]] on May 7, 2024.<ref>{{Citation |title=A Story of Floating Weeds / Floating Weeds Blu-ray |url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/A-Story-of-Floating-Weeds-and-Floating-Weeds-Blu-ray/355501/ |access-date=2024-09-05}}</ref> This new edition of ''Floating Weeds'' is based on a 4K digital master with an uncompressed Japanese LPCM 1.0 monaural soundtrack.

Subtitles for the Criterion edition of ''Floating Weeds'' take liberty with lines delivered by [[Kōji Mitsui]] early in the film: while wandering through the village in [[Kabuki]] costume promoting the troupe's appearance, he is asked his name by a prostitute he considers unattractive. He replies "Kinnosuke" rather than his character's actual name, Kichinosuke. When she appears surprised, he clarifies that he’s "Kin-Chan," teasing her that he is the famous Kabuki actor [[Yorozuya Kinnosuke|Kinnosuke Nakamura]], who was popularly known as "Kin-Chan," an abbreviation of his name appended with "Chan," a Japanese honorific of endearment. However, counter to Mitsui's clear pronunciations, the Criterion subtitle has him first identify himself as "Mifune," and after her surprise he says "Toshiro," presumably an effort to make the exchange relevant to Western audiences by using [[Toshiro Mifune|the name]] of a more identifiable Japanese star.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legendsoflocalization.com/when-is-it-okay-to-localize-and-not-localize|title=When Is It Okay To Localize And Not Localize|date=29 May 2018|publisher=Legends of Localization|accessdate=26 April 2021|archive-date=9 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609122604/https://legendsoflocalization.com/when-is-it-okay-to-localize-and-not-localize/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Reception==
''Floating Weeds'' is widely acclaimed by film critics. Roger Ebert gave the film four stars out of four,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-floating-weeds-1959 |title=Great Movie: Floating Weeds |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |date=March 30, 1997 }}</ref> and included it on his "Ten Greatest Films of all Time" in 1991.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ebert|first1=Roger|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/roger-ebert/ten-greatest-films-of-all-time|title=Ten Greatest Films of All Time |website=RogerEbert.com|date=April 1, 1991|access-date=February 13, 2017}}</ref>  Alan Bett of ''[[The Skinny (magazine)|The Skinny]]'' gave the film a full five stars.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Alan|last=Bett|url=http://www.theskinny.co.uk/film/reviews/303595-floating_weeds|title=Floating Weeds|magazine=[[The Skinny (magazine)|The Skinny]]|date=November 30, 2012}}</ref> Tom Dawson of [[BBC]] gave it four stars out of five.<ref>{{cite web|first=Tom|last=Dawson|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2003/07/22/floating_weeds_1959_review.shtml|title=Floating Weeds (Ukigusa)|publisher=BBC|date=July 22, 2003}}</ref> Allan Hunter of ''[[Daily Express]]'' rated it 4/5,<ref>{{cite news|first=Allan|last=Hunter|url=http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/363121/Floating-Weeds-DVD-review|title=Floating Weeds DVD review|newspaper=[[Daily Express]]|date=December 7, 2012}}</ref> while Stuart Henderson of [[PopMatters]] gave it a 9/10.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Stuart|last=Henderson|url=https://www.popmatters.com/122192-floating-weeds-2496178803.html/|title=Essential Arthouse Vol. V: Floating Weeds|magazine=[[PopMatters]]|date=April 20, 2010}}</ref> [[Leonard Maltin]] gave it three and a half of four stars: "Powerful drama is meticulously directed, solidly acted."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Maltin |first1=Leonard |title=Leonard Maltin's Classic Movie Guide |date=2015 |publisher=Plume Book |isbn=978-0-14-751682-4 |edition=3rd}}</ref> 
The film  holds a 96% rating on [[Rotten Tomatoes]] based on reviews from 23 critics. The site's critical consensus states: "Floating Weeds boasts the visual beauty and deep tenderness of director Yasujiro Ozu's most memorable films -- and it's one of the few the master shot in color."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/floating_weeds/ |title=Floating Weeds |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] }}</ref>

In 2002, American film director [[James Mangold]] listed ''Floating Weeds'' as one of the best films of all time. He said, "Ozu is the world's greatest director film geeks have never heard of. A poet, humanitarian, stylist, innovator - and a brilliant actors' director. I would recommend the film to anyone with a heart who knows direction is about more than camera moves."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://old.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/voter.php?forename=James&surname=Mangold|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803111501/http://old.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/voter.php?forename=James&surname=Mangold|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-08-03|title=BFI - Sight & Sound - Top Ten Poll 2002|magazine=[[Sight & Sound]]|first=James|last=Mangold|author-link=James Mangold|year=2002}}</ref> In 2009 the film was ranked at No. 36 on the list of the ''Greatest Japanese Films of All Time'' by Japanese film magazine [[Kinema Junpo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mubi.com/topics/greatest-japanese-films-by-magazine-kinema-junpo-2009-version|title=Greatest Japanese films by magazine Kinema Junpo (2009 version)|access-date=2011-12-26|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711021342/http://mubi.com/topics/greatest-japanese-films-by-magazine-kinema-junpo-2009-version|archive-date=July 11, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2012, Spanish film director [[José Luis Guerín]], as well as two other directors,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6b94f8e8/sightandsoundpoll2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214103757/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6b94f8e8/sightandsoundpoll2012|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 14, 2017|title=Votes for UKIGUSA (1959)|work=British Film Institute|access-date=February 13, 2017}}</ref> listed the film as one of the greatest ever made.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/sightandsoundpolls/2012/voter/1005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827003938/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/sightandsoundpolls/2012/voter/1005|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-08-27|title=José Luis Guerín - BFI - British Film Institute|magazine=Sight & Sound|first=José Luis|last=Guerín|author-link=José Luis Guerín|year=2012}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0053390}}
* {{jmdb title|1959|ci004970|浮草}}
* [http://artsandfaith.com/t100/floatingweeds.html Voted #18 on The Arts and Faith Top 100 Films (2010)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806193950/http://artsandfaith.com/t100/floatingweeds.html |date=2010-08-06 }}
*[https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/885-floating-weeds ''Floating Weeds''] an essay by [[David Ehrenstein]] at the [[Criterion Collection]]
*[https://archive.org/details/cunytv_CTCN0052 ''Cinema Then, Cinema Now: Floating Weeds''] a 1988 discussion of the film hosted by [[Jerry Carlson]] of [[CUNY TV]]

{{Yasujirō Ozu}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1959 films]]
[[Category:1959 drama films]]
[[Category:Japanese drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Yasujirō Ozu]]
[[Category:Daiei Film films]]
[[Category:Films about actors]]
[[Category:Films set in Mie Prefecture]]
[[Category:Remakes of Japanese films]]
[[Category:Sound film remakes of silent films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Yasujirō Ozu]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Kogo Noda]]
[[Category:Films produced by Masaichi Nagata]]
[[Category:1950s Japanese films]]
[[Category:1950s Japanese-language films]]