View source for Fokker 100

{{short description|Twin-engine airliner produced 1986–1997}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{{Infobox aircraft
| name = Fokker 100
| image = Fokker 100 (KLM) PH-OFN (10676665315).jpg
| caption = [[KLM Cityhopper]] Fokker 100
| type = [[Regional jet]]
| manufacturer = [[Fokker]]
| national_origin = [[Netherlands]]
| designer = 
| first_flight = 30 November 1986
| introduction = 3 April 1988 with [[Swissair]]
| retired = 
| status = In service
| primary_user = [[Alliance Airlines]]<!-- List only one user; for military aircraft, this is a nation or a service arm. Please DON'T add flag templates, as they limit horizontal space. -->
| more_users = <!--limit of three more users--> [[QantasLink]] ([[Network Aviation]])  <br>[[Iran Aseman Airlines]]
| produced = 1986–1997
| number_built = 283 (+2 prototypes)
| unit cost = 
| developed_from = [[Fokker F28 Fellowship]]
| developed_into = [[Fokker 70]]
}}

The '''Fokker 100''' is a [[regional jet]] that was produced by [[Fokker]] in the [[Netherlands]].
<!--Design-->
The Fokker 100 was based on the [[Fokker F28]] with a [[fuselage stretch]]ed by {{convert|18.8|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} to seat up to 109 passengers, up from 85.<!-- see TCDS ref-->
It is powered by two newer [[Rolls-Royce RB.183 Tay|Rolls-Royce Tay]] turbofans, and it has an updated [[glass cockpit]] and a wider wing and tail for increased maximum weights.<!-- see TCDS ref--> The [[Fokker 70]] is a shortened variant that can seat up to 85 passengers and was developed for shorter routes, which first flew in April of 1993. 

<!--development-->
The program was announced in 1983 and it made its [[maiden flight]] on 30 November 1986.
The variant was approved on 20 November 1987, and first deliveries to [[Swissair]] started in February 1988.
[[American Airlines]] ordered 75, [[TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais]] asked for 50, and [[USAir]] got 40.
Fokker had financial troubles and went bankrupt in March 1996, and production ended in 1997 after 283 deliveries.
Amsterdam-based [[Rekkof]] group wants to restart its production and update it with new engines, but has not reached its goal.

<!--operational history-->
Since the 2000s, airlines have been retiring the aircraft, but large numbers remain in operation in Australia, with smaller numbers in Iran and various other countries.<ref name="nyt-dec-26-2019">{{cite web |last1=Troianovsky |first1=Anton |last2=Victor |first2=Daniel |title=At Least 9 Killed in Plane Crash in Kazakhstan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/26/world/asia/plane-crash-almaty-kazakhstan.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=27 December 2019 |date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
In July 2019, 101 aircraft remained in service with 19 airlines around the world.<ref>Thisdell and Seymour ''Flight International'' 30 July –5 August 2019, p. 46.</ref>{{needs update|date=June 2022}}

==Design==
The F28 Mark 0100, "Fokker 100", is based on the [[Fokker F28]] Mark 4000 [[re-engine]]d with two [[Rolls-Royce RB.183 Tay]] high bypass-ratio turbofans and a [[fuselage stretch]]ed by {{convert|18.83|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}}.<!--<ref name=TCDS>-->
Its wing is wider by {{convert|9.8|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}}, has new flaps and larger ailerons, and its extended leading and trailing edges improve aerodynamics and increase the [[chord (aeronautics)|wing chord]].<!--<ref name=TCDS>-->
The landing gear is strengthened and has new wheels and brakes, and the [[horizontal stabilizer]] is widened by {{convert|4.6|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}}.<!--<ref name=TCDS>-->
Maximum weights are increased, while fuel capacity, maximum speed, and ceiling remain the same, and passenger capacity went from 85 to 109.<!--<ref name=TCDS>-->
The flight deck went digital with a [[flight management system]], an autopilot/[[Flight director (aeronautics)|flight director]] including CAT III [[autoland]], [[Autothrust|thrust management]] system, [[Electronic flight instrument system|electronic flight instrument]] displays, and full [[ARINC]] avionics.<ref name=TCDS>{{cite web |url= https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/TCDS_EASA.A.037_Fokker_F28_Iss_07_20180903%20FINAL.PDF |title= Type Certificate Data Sheet No. A.037 for Fokker F28 |publisher= EASA |date= 3 September 2018 |access-date= 9 September 2018 |archive-date= 9 September 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180909150654/https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/TCDS_EASA.A.037_Fokker_F28_Iss_07_20180903%20FINAL.PDF |url-status= dead }}</ref>

The new wing was claimed to be 30% more efficient in cruise, while retaining the simplicity of a fixed [[leading edge]]. The cockpit was updated with a [[Rockwell Collins]] DU-1000 [[electronic flight instrument system]]. The Fokker 100 retained the twin rear fuselage-mounted engines and [[T-tail]] configuration of the Fokker Fellowship, like the [[Douglas DC-9]] family. The F100 lacks the auxiliary overhead windows above the cockpit wind shields of the F28.

==Development==
[[File:PH-MKH Fokker 100(prototype) Fokker FAB SEP88 (13753505603).jpg|thumb|The Fokker 100 prototype, from below]]
[[File:Fokker6.jpg|thumb|The five-abreast cabin seating, used by [[Austrian Airlines]]]]
A [[type certificate]] was applied for on 25 March 1983.<ref name=TCDS/> The program was announced in 1983. A pair of prototypes was built. On 30 November 1986, the first prototype, ''PH-MKH'', flew for the [[maiden flight|first time]], while the second, ''PH-MKC'', followed on 25 February 1987.

The variant was approved on 20 November 1987.<ref name=TCDS/> In February 1988, the first deliveries of the Tay 620-15-powered versions started to Swissair. Major customers included American Airlines with 75 ordered, TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais with 50, and USAir with 40, their aircraft powered by the more powerful Tay 650-15. The March 1989 American Airlines order, valued at an estimated {{Currency|3.1 billion|USD|passthrough=yes}}, was not only the largest single order ever placed at Fokker, but also the largest-ever order for a Dutch company.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Swanson |first1=Doug J. |last2=Zimmerman |first2=Martin |date=23 March 1989 |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com&svc_dat=AMNEWS&req_dat=1000BC63AFF86032&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0ED3D0618D4C2A52 |title=AMERICAN ORDERS DUTCH-BUILT JETS - Deal valued at about $3.1 billion |work=[[The Dallas Morning News]] |location=Dallas, Texas}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=26 March 1989 |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com&svc_dat=AMNEWS&req_dat=1000BC63AFF86032&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0ED3D062629E6D8A |title=American order boosts Dutch firm's comeback |work=[[The Dallas Morning News]] |location=Dallas, Texas}}</ref>

During the early 1990s, Fokker and [[DASA]] explored a commercial relationship for regional aircraft.<ref name = "berlin 1992">[https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1992/1992%20-%201335.html "Decisions, Decisions."] ''Flight International'', 2 June 1992. pp. 35, 38.</ref> DASA purchased 40% of Fokker in 1993.<ref name = "Fokker troub"/> By 1995, though, both Fokker and DASA were suffering financial difficulties, leading to DASA leaving the regional aircraft market.<ref>Jeziorski, Andrzej. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/dasa-dealt-double-blow-24457/ "DASA dealt double blow."] ''Flight International'', 23 August 1995.</ref><ref name = "Fokker troub">Jeziorski, Andrzej. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/dasa-folds-its-wings-19453/ "DASA folds its wings."] ''Flight International'', 31 January 1996.</ref> In June 1996, DASA sold the majority of Dornier to [[Fairchild Aircraft]], leading to the creation of Fairchild Dornier, emerging as the third-largest regional aircraft manufacturer.<ref name = "ref bus">[http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/76/Fairchild-Dornier-Gmbh.html "Fairchild Dornier Gmbh Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Fairchild Dornier Gmbh."] ''Reference for Business'', Retrieved: 5 May 2008.</ref>

Although the Fokker 100 was successful, Fokker accumulated losses for several years, contributing to its collapse in 1996. Fokker 100 production stopped in early 1997.

===Potential revival===
Discussions regarding the potential for either portions or the entirety of Fokker being purchased by [[Bombardier Inc.]] are known to have taken place, but talks ultimately fell through without a deal being reached. Dutch firm [[Stork B.V.]] has since acquired the maintenance business for the type and has since been providing services to existing operators, having adopted the name Fokker Aviation.<ref name="FokkerHistory" /><ref name = "Fokker serv 2010">[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/fokker-services-life-after-death-338835/ "Fokker Services - life after death."] ''Flight International'', 26 February 2010.</ref> Like any number of regional airliner designs, the Fokker 70/100 was being increasingly squeezed from below by stretched versions of the Bombardier and Embraer regional jets; this intense competitive pressure had also been responsible for killing off plans for the [[Fairchild Dornier 728 family]], along with an unnamed design being considered by [[ATR (aviation)|ATR]]. At one point, a proposal was made for a stretched version of the Fokker 100, known as the ''Fokker 130'', however this was never built.<ref name="FokkerHistory">[http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/NV-Koninklijke-Nederlandse-Vliegtuigenfabriek-Fokker-Company-History.html "History of Fokker."] undinguniverse.com. Retrieved: 17 August 2011.</ref>

In 1999, an Amsterdam-based group, [[Rekkof]] Restart (''Rekkof'' is ''Fokker'' spelled backwards), announced it had entered into negotiations with the intention of reopening both the [[Fokker 70]] and 100 lines.<ref name = "fi spec 2010"/> During the 2000s, the [[Netherlands Aircraft Company]] (otherwise known as NG Aircraft) was formed for the purpose of restarting production, although the ambition has suffered some delays, including some false starts.<ref name = "flight jul 2014"/><ref>Sarsfield, Kate. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/back-to-life-nine-civil-types-revived-410656/ "Back to life: nine civil types revived."] ''Flight International'', 27 March 2015.</ref><ref name = "fi spec 2010">Kingsley-Jones, Max. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/benelux-special-ng-aircraft-plans-fokker-100-reviva-340428/ "Benelux special: NG Aircraft plans Fokker 100 revival."] ''Flight International'', 12 April 2010.</ref> In March 2010, NG Aircraft stated that it had securing funding from the [[Ministry of Economic Affairs (Netherlands)|Ministry of Economic Affairs]] to adapt an existing Fokker 100 to serve as a prototype for a planned improved new-build series;<ref>Kaminski-Morrow, David. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/fokker-resurrection-scheme-secures-loan-for-prototyp-339155/ "Fokker resurrection scheme secures loan for prototype."] ''Flight International'', 6 March 2010.</ref> that same month, the company announced its interest in converting existing aircraft to a proposed new-build equivalent standard, in addition to its primary focus of constructing wholly new Fokker 100s.<ref>Kaminski-Morrow, David. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/benelux-special-ng-aircraft-plans-fokker-100-reviva-340428/ "Fokker 100 revival team claims interest in retrofit."] ''Flight International'', 10 March 2010.</ref> In March 2011, it was announced that the government of [[Brazil]] had formed a partnership for the revival of the Fokker 100.<ref>Kaminski-Morrow, David. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/brazilian-state-to-partner-on-proposed-fokker-100ng-354445/ "Brazilian state to partner on proposed Fokker 100NG."] ''Flight International'', 17 March 2011.</ref>

In July 2014, Maarten Van Eeghen, chief executive of NG Aircraft, revealed more details about the pending revival and the new generation of aircraft that would be produced.<ref name = "flight jul 2014"/> Dubbed the ''F120NG'', it would be a new-build aircraft, seating a maximum of 125 to 130 passengers, that would be essentially a stretched model of the base Fokker 100. It would adopt a new powerplant, the [[Pratt & Whitney PW1000G|Pratt & Whitney PurePower PW1X17G]] turbofan engine rated at 17,600&nbsp;lb thrust, which is claimed to result in the new-generation airliner burning 50% less fuel per seat than the original Fokker 100.<ref name = "flight jul 2014">Pilling, Mark. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/farnborough-fokker-120-edges-closer-to-go-ahead-401444/ "FARNBOROUGH: Fokker 120 edges closer to go-ahead."] ''Flight International'', 15 July 2014.</ref> It was claimed in 2014 that the earliest entry-to-service date for the F120NG would have been 2019, based on a five-year development and testing programme after obtaining official clearance to proceed.<ref name = "flight jul 2014"/>

==Operational history==
[[File:Overdracht 1e Fokker-100 aan Swissair violist Jaap van Zweden op de trap van de, Bestanddeelnr 934-1989.jpg|thumb|The first delivery, to [[Swissair]], on 29 February 1988]]
[[File:Fokker 100 (F-28-0100), American Airlines AN0145805.jpg|thumb|A former Fokker 100 of [[American Airlines]].]]
[[File:QantasLink Fokker 100 VH-NHC Perth 2019 (01).jpg|thumb|A still operated [[QantasLink]] Fokker 100.]]
By 1991, Fokker had produced 70 units and had orders for more than 230. The aircraft joined the American Airlines fleet in August 1991.<ref>{{cite news |last=Reed |first=Dan |date=2 August 1991 |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com&svc_dat=AMNEWS&req_dat=1000BC63AFF86032&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EAF8E2461306486 |title=With fanfare, Fokker 100 joins American's jet fleet |work=[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]] |location=Fort Worth, Texas}}</ref> In 1993, an extended-range version of the Fokker 100, outfitted with additional fuel tanks in the centre fuselage, was introduced; it was followed by a quick-change passenger/freighter version in 1994, designated as the Fokker 100QC. In 1993, a shortened version of the airliner was introduced, designated as the [[Fokker 70]]; this aircraft was intended as a replacement for the earlier [[Fokker F28]] and featured the removal of 4.70&nbsp;m (15.42&nbsp;ft) of the fuselage and reduced seating to 80. Third-party aircraft companies, such as Phoenix Aero Solutions, have since offered their conversion programs to produce freighters from former airliner-configuration Fokker 100s.<ref>Kaminski-Morrow, David. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/combi-freighter-plan-emerges-for-fokker-100-352758/ "Combi freighter plan emerges for Fokker 100."] ''Flight International'', 4 February 2011.</ref> While studies were conducted on a proposed 130-seat Fokker 130, this proposal ultimately did not reach further stages of development.

In 2000, to counter upstart [[Legend Airlines]], American refitted five Fokker 100s in a 56-seat all-[[business class]] configuration to circumvent [[Wright Amendment]] long-haul flight restrictions from [[Dallas Love Field]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Yung |first=Katherine |date=2 May 2000 |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com&svc_dat=AMNEWS&req_dat=1000BC63AFF86032&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0ED8226703DE5952 |title=In the air again – American's long-haul luxury flights take off from Love Field |work=[[The Dallas Morning News]] |location=Dallas, Texas}}</ref> The airline later added a sixth 56-seat Fokker, but after the [[September 11 attacks]], the Love Field service was cancelled and these aircraft were grounded.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fairbank |first=Katie |date=3 December 2001 |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com&svc_dat=AMNEWS&req_dat=1000BC63AFF86032&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0F0547C98780EB2F |title=Love Field potential yet to be maximized - Spurred by Legend's investment, regional airlines poised to grow |work=[[The Dallas Morning News]] |location=Dallas, Texas}}</ref> In late 2002, American Airlines decided to retire its entire 74-aircraft fleet early, citing high operating costs; the jets would be phased out in 2004 and replaced with smaller, but more economical regional jets operated by its [[American Eagle (airline brand)|American Eagle]] regional affiliates.<ref>{{cite news |last=Torbenson |first=Eric |date=21 December 2002 |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com&svc_dat=AMNEWS&req_dat=1000BC63AFF86032&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0F8170F9D016947E |title=American to retire jets early - Decision to ground 87-seat planes in 2004 will reduce costs |work=[[The Dallas Morning News]] |location=Dallas, Texas}}</ref>

In 2003, a Fokker 100EJ (Executive Jet) variant was introduced; these were remanufactured aircraft produced by Fokker Services as conversions from used Fokker 100 airliners.<ref>O'Keeffe, Niall. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ebace-ageing-regional-jets-tipped-for-important-fut-340957/ "EBACE: Ageing regional jets tipped for important future."] ''Flight International'', 26 April 2011.</ref> Priced around $12 million, the Fokker 100EJ seated between 19 and 31 passengers in three different luxury configurations, all of which featured [[Galley (kitchen)|galley]]s, while two were outfitted with [[shower]]-equipped master suites; additional features include an auxiliary fuel system to extend the aircraft's range by roughly {{convert|1600|km|mi|abbr=on}}. By late 2009, a total of six Fokker 100s were in [[VIP]] service, while a further two were used in a 50-seat corporate layout.<ref>Sarsfield, Kate. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/regional-conversions-are-good-for-business-316592/ "Regional conversions are good for business."] ''Flight International'', 29 September 2008.</ref><ref>Karnazov, Vladimir. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russians-introduce-fokker-100-vip-conversion-215472/ "Russians introduce Fokker 100 VIP conversion."] ''Flight International'', 16 July 2007.</ref>

The [[Great Recession]] in the late 2000s prompted airlines to retire the Fokker 100 in large numbers; some later returned to operations, while a considerable portion were broken up, instead.<ref>Thisdell, Dan. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/fokker-legacy-lives-on-355353/ "Fokker legacy lives on."] ''Flight International'', 12 April 2011.</ref> In March 2009, [[Mexicana de Aviación (1921–2010)|Mexicana]] announced that the confirmation of an agreement with [[Boeing]] to lease 25 [[Boeing 717]]s as a replacement for its fleet of 25 Fokker 100s.<ref>Sobie, Brendan [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/boeing-confirms-lease-of-25-717s-to-mexicana-323571/ "Boeing confirms lease of 25 717s to Mexicana."] ''Flight International'', 9 March 2009.</ref> In September 2009, one of the last Asian operators of the type, [[Mandarin Airlines]], phased out the last of its Fokker 100s.<ref>Francis, Leithen. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/aa09-mandarin-ends-links-with-fokker-331933/ "AA09: Mandarin ends links with Fokker."] ''Flight International'', 7 September 2009.</ref> According to maintenance and servicing company Fokker Services, Fokker 100 airliners constructed during the 1990s had been anticipated to be serviceable until 2035, while the type was expected to remain competitive without modification until at least 2020.<ref name = "Fokker serv 2010"/>

In August 2009, Australian airline [[Virgin Australia Regional Airlines|Skywest Airlines]] announced that it would be outfitting its fleet of Fokker 100 and Fokker 70 aircraft with a new [[satellite navigation]] system; these had the advantage of enabling shorter approaches at night and in bad weather, saving time and fuel, and increasing safety and schedule reliability, as well as increasing the number of airports usable by the type.<ref>[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/australias-skywest-installs-navigation-system-on-fo-331338/ "Australia's Skywest installs navigation system on Fokker 100s."] ''Flight International'', 21 August 2009.</ref>

From 2015, the French [[Direction générale de l'armement|DGA Essais en Vol]] had used the Fokker 100 as a flying [[testbed]]; it is referred to as the ''ABE-NG'', standing for ''{{lang|fr|Avion Banc-d'Essais de Nouvelle Génération}}''.<ref name = "dga flight 2015">Stephenson, Beth. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/dgas-new-rafale-testbed-to-be-delivered-by-year-end-413959/ "DGA's new Rafale testbed to be delivered by year-end."] ''Flight International'', 23 June 2015.</ref> It has replaced the DGA's previous testbed of choice, the [[Dassault Falcon 20]] [[business jet]], and has been outfitted with various systems of the [[Dassault Rafale]] fighter aircraft for testing purposes, including the Rafale's nose section, [[RBE2|Thales RBE2]] [[active electronically scanned array]] radar and optronics equipment, and Reco NG [[targeting pod]] under the fuselage and a complement of [[MBDA Mica]] [[air-to-air missile]]s. The first aircraft, which was formerly used by [[Régional]], is to be followed by four more used Fokker 100s.<ref name = "dga flight 2015"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aerobuzz.fr/spip.php?article4938 |title=DGA Essais en Vol : L'ABE-NG touche au but - AéroBuzz : Actualité et Information Aéronautique |date=30 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406142510/http://www.aerobuzz.fr/spip.php?article4938 |archive-date=6 April 2014 }}</ref>

In June 2015, [[Austrian Airlines]], then one of the largest operators of the Fokker 100, announced its approval of a plan to procure used [[Embraer 195]] regional jets to replace its inventory of Fokker 100 and Fokker 70 jets, which had an average age of 21 years across the fleet.<ref>Trimble, Stephen. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/austrian-airlines-approves-used-e195-purchase-413064/ "Austrian Airlines approves used E195 purchase."] ''Flight International'', 3 June 2015.</ref> In November 2015, [[Alliance Airlines]] announced that it would acquire the entire Austrian Airlines Fokker fleet of fifteen Fokker 100 and six Fokker 70 airliners.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://australianaviation.com.au/2015/11/alliance-acquires-austrian-airlines-fokker-fleet/ |title=Alliance acquires Austrian Airlines' Fokker fleet - Australian Aviation |publisher=Australian Aviation |date = November 2015}}</ref>

Shortly after the crash of [[Bek Air Flight 2100]] on 27 December 2019, the [[Government of Kazakhstan]] indefinitely suspended Fokker 100 operations in Kazakh [[airspace]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Sadikhova |first=Nargiz |title=Operations certificate of Kazakhstan's Bek Air recalled following plane crash |url=https://en.trend.az/business/transport/3225252.html |website=en.trend.az |publisher=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=17 April 2020 |location=Baku, Azerbaijan |access-date=23 April 2020 }}</ref> On 17 April 2020, citing the airline's failure to correct the safety violations discovered during the investigation, the Aviation Administration of Kazakhstan (AAK) recalled the company's [[air operator's certificate]] and the [[airworthiness certificate]]s of its remaining Fokker 100 aircraft.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sadikhova |first=Nargiz |title=Operations certificate of Kazakhstan's Bek Air recalled following plane crash |url=https://en.trend.az/business/transport/3225252.html |website=en.trend.az |publisher=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=17 April 2020 |location=Baku, Azerbaijan |access-date=23 April 2020 |quote="Since Bek Air JSC failed to fulfill instructions to rectify violations issued by AAK and the Main Transport Prosecutor’s Office, the operator certificate of Bek Air JSC is recalled," the report said... AAK together with the Main Transport Prosecutor's Office conducted an unscheduled audit of the Bek Air... extreme violations of the law were identified that impacts flight safety.}}</ref>

==Operators==
===Current operators===
====Airlines====
As of August 2019, 126 aircraft were still in operational use with airlines.<ref>Thisdell and Seymour ''Flight International'' 30 July –5 August 2019, p. 35.</ref>{{needs update|date=June 2022}} Many of them are used in [[Australia]] by [[Alliance Airlines]] and [[QantasLink]] supporting the [[Mining in Australia|domestic mining industry]], with low use rates for an airline, around 1,200 hours per year.<ref name=AI170124>{{cite news |url= https://airinsight.com/fokker-100s-second-youth-australia/ |title= Fokker 100's second youth in Australia |date= January 24, 2017 |work= AirInsight}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em| 
<!-- PLEASE RESPECT ALPHABETICAL ORDER -->
* [[Air Niugini]] (5)
* [[Alliance Airlines]] (25)
* [[Iran Air]] (3)
* [[Iran Aseman Airlines]] (7)
* Jetways Airlines (1)
* [[Karun Airlines]] (5)
* [[Kish Air]] (2)
* [[QantasLink]] ([[Network Aviation]]) (16)
* [[Qeshm Air]] (4)
* [[Skippers Aviation]] (2)
* [[Virgin Australia Regional Airlines]] (3){{cn|date=November 2025}}
}}

====Governments====
* French government (1)
* Slovak government (2)

===Former operators===
{{unsourced section|date=June 2022}}
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em| 
* [[Aero Mongolia]]
* [[Air Bagan]]
* [[Air Berlin]] (Lease from Germania)
* [[Air Europe]]
* [[Air Express Sweden]]
* [[Air France]]
* [[Air Gabon]]
* [[Air Greece]]
* [[Air Inter]]
* [[Air Littoral]]
* [[Air Panama]]
* [[AirQuarius Aviation]]
* [[AirUK]]
* [[Alpi Eagles]]
* [[American Airlines]]
* [[Albanian Airlines]]
* [[Albatros Airways]]
* [[Austrian Airlines]]
* [[Avanti Air]]
* [[Aviacsa]]
* [[Avianca]]
* [[Avianca Brasil]]
* [[Bangkok Airways]]
* [[Bek Air]]
* [[Blue Line (airline)|Blue Line]]
* [[BMI (airline)|BMI]]
* [[Brit Air]]
* [[Canadian North]]
* [[Carpatair]]
* [[China Eastern Airlines]]
* [[CCM Airlines]]
* [[Contact Air]]
* [[Cosmic Air]]
* [[Croatia Airlines]]
* [[DBA (airline)|DBA]]
* [[Dutch Antilles Express]]
* [[EUjet]]
* [[Flight West]]
* [[Germania (airline)|Germania]]
* [[Girjet]]
* [[Sky Greenland|Greenland Express]]
* [[Helvetic Airways]]
* [[Intair]]
* [[Inter Airlines]]
* [[Inter-Canadien]]
* [[TUI Airlines Belgium|Jetairfly]]
* [[Jetsgo]]
* [[KLM Cityhopper]]
* [[KLM uk]]
* [[Korean Air]]
* [[Kostar Airlines]]
* [[Mandarin Airlines]]
* [[Merpati Nusantara Airlines]]
* [[Mexicana de Aviación (1921–2010)|Mexicana]]
* [[Midway Airlines (1993–2003)|Midway Airlines]]
* [[Moldavian Airlines]]
* [[Montenegro Airlines]]
* [[OLT Express|OLT Jetair]]
* [[Palair]]
* [[Portugália|PGA Portugália Airlines]]
* [[Régional]]
* [[Royal Brunei Airlines]]
* [[Royal Swazi National Airlines]]
* [[SAM Colombia]]
* [[Sempati Air]]
* [[Slovak Airlines]]
* [[Sol del Paraguay]]
* [[Swissair]]
* [[TABA – Transportes Aéreos da Bacia Amazônica|TABA]]
* [[TAM Airlines]]
* [[TAM Paraguay]]
* [[Trade Air]]
* [[Transwede]]
* [[Transwisata Prima Aviation]]
* [[TAT European Airlines]]
* [[Tus Airways]]
* [[Tyrolean Airways]] (operating under Austrian Arrows brand on behalf of Austrian)
* [[Uair]]
* [[US Airways]]
* [[Wayraperú]]
* [[Yeongnam Air]]
}}

==Accidents and incidents==
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1993|03|05|df=y}}|event= [[Palair Macedonian Airlines Flight 301]] crashed shortly after takeoff from [[Skopje Airport]] on its way to [[Zurich Airport]], killing 83 of 97 passengers and crew on board.<ref name="crash1">[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19930305-1 "ASN Aircraft accident Fokker 100 PH-KXL Skopje."] ''Aviation Safety Network.'' Retrieved: 13 April 2008.</ref>}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1996|10|31|df=y}}|event= [[TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais Flight 402]] crashed shortly after takeoff from [[Congonhas-São Paulo Airport|São Paulo-Congonhas Airport]] in Brazil, killing 99 people, including everyone on board plus four people on the ground.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19961031-0 "Accident description PT-MRK."] ''Aviation Safety Network.'' Retrieved: 17 August 2011.</ref>}}<ref>{{cite book | first=Carlos Ari César | last=Germano da Silva | title=O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 | chapter=Vinte e quatro segundos | publisher=EDIPUCRS | edition=2 | place=Porto Alegre | year=2008 | pages=376–381 | isbn=978-85-7430-760-2 | language=pt}}</ref>
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1997|07|09|df=y}}|event= [[TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais Flight 283|TAM Airlines Flight 283]], ''PT-WHK'', en route from [[São José dos Campos Airport|São José dos Campos]] to São Paulo-Congonhas was climbing after takeoff from São José dos Campos when a bomb exploded in the rear part of the passenger cabin. The [[uncontrolled decompression]] blew one passenger out of the aircraft. The aircraft made a successful emergency landing in São Paulo, despite the {{convert|2 x 1.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} hole in the fuselage.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19970709-1 "Accident description PT-WHK."] ''Aviation Safety Network.'' Retrieved: 17 August 2011.</ref>}}
*{{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2001|05|23|df=y}}|event= The starboard main landing gear of American Airlines Flight 1107, ''N1419D'', collapsed on landing at [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport]]. The incident was attributed to a manufacturing flaw; there were no serious injuries to the 88 passengers or 4 crew, but the aircraft was badly damaged and was written off.<ref>{{cite news|title=NTSB Brief of Accident FTW01FA127|url=http://dms.ntsb.gov/aviation/AccidentReports/ewctm0jxmuyeq15524ctkfzq1/U05312012120000.pdf|work=[[National Transportation Safety Board]]|access-date=May 31, 2012}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=ASN Accident Description|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010523-0|work=Aviation Safety Network|access-date=May 31, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107013016/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010523-0|archive-date=November 7, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2001|09|15|df=y}}|event= [[TAM Flight 9755]], flying from [[Recife Airport|Recife]] to [[Viracopos-Campinas International Airport|Campinas-Viracopos]] on a [[air charter|charter flight]], had three cabin windows shattered by an [[uncontained engine failure]] and made an emergency landing at [[Tancredo Neves International Airport|Belo Horizonte-Confins]]. One passenger, who was sucked partway out and held by another passenger until the aircraft landed, did not survive.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010915-0 "Accident description PT-MRN."] ''Aviation Safety Network.'' Retrieved: 17 August 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Marra |last=Lívia |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u37107.shtml |title=Avião da TAM acidentado em Minas havia sido revisado no mês passado |language=pt |publisher=folha.uol.com.br |date= 16 September 2001 |access-date= 23 May 2011}}</ref>}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2007|01|25|df=y}}|event= [[Air France Flight 7775]] from [[Pau Pyrénées Airport|Pau]] to [[Charles de Gaulle Airport|Paris]] crashed shortly after takeoff. All 54 passengers and crew escaped from the aircraft, although one person on the ground was killed.<ref name=FG211751>[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/01/26/211751/picture-truck-driver-killed-as-air-france-rgional-fokker-100-hits-vehicle-during-overrun-in.html "Picture: Truck driver killed as Air France Régional Fokker 100 hits vehicle during overrun in Pau."] ''Flight Global.'' Retrieved: 2 January 2009.</ref> An investigation by the [[Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la sécurité de l'Aviation Civile|BEA]] attributed the accident to [[Icing conditions|ice on the wings]].<ref name=FG320577>[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/12/31/320577/icing-led-to-air-france-fokker-take-off-crash-investigators.html "Icing led to Air France Fokker takeoff crash: investigators."] ''Flight Global.'' Retrieved: 2 January 2009.</ref>}}
* 29 June 2007: An Ivorian government Fokker 100 carrying [[List of heads of government of Ivory Coast|Prime Minister]] [[Guillaume Soro]], members of his delegation, and 20 journalists was taxiing on the runway at [[Bouaké Airport]] when it was targeted by [[rocket propelled grenade|rocket]] and [[AK-47|Kalashnikov]] fire. One rocket struck and exploded in the cabin, another one missed, and a third bounced off the fuselage and did not detonate. Soro was not injured, but four people were killed and ten others wounded.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6253484.stm "Rockets fired at Ivorian PM plane"], BBC News, 29 June 2007.</ref> Those who died were Security Chief Drissa Ouattara, the Prime Minister's bodyguard Siaka Diomandé, and ''Protocole d’État'' members Sékou Doumbia and Souleymane Sérifou.<ref>{{cite web
   |url=http://www.fratmat.info/1,,,1_fgfd10,,1.php?,__=eb,,0-0&el=FAPZW6&bv=GWFA1IH52D
   |title=Obsèques nationales pour les victimes
   |publisher=Centre d'informations et de communication gouvernementale (CICG)
   |date=10 July 2007
   |access-date=9 September 2007
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928135655/http://www.fratmat.info/1,,,1_fgfd10,,1.php?,__=eb,,0-0&el=FAPZW6&bv=GWFA1IH52D <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 28 September 2007|language=fr}}</ref> Arrests were subsequently reported.<ref>[http://www.jeuneafrique.com/fluxafp/fil_info.asp?reg_id=0&art_cle=37709 "Côte d'Ivoire: arrestations après l'attentat contre le Premier ministre Soro"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930154910/http://www.jeuneafrique.com/fluxafp/fil_info.asp?reg_id=0&art_cle=37709 |date=30 September 2007 }}, Agence France-Presse, 30 June 2007 {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2008|1|3|df=y}}|event= An [[Iran Air]] domestic flight from [[Mehrabad International Airport|Tehran]] to [[Shiraz International Airport|Shiraz]] was heavily damaged when it veered off the runway during its takeoff run. The aircraft suffered substantial fire damage after part of its wing burst into flame; there were no injuries as a result.<ref>[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pictures-iran-air-fokker-100-suffers-fire-damage-du-220592/ "PICTURES: Iran Air Fokker 100 suffers fire damage during take-off accident at Tehran."] ''Flight International'', 3 January 2008.</ref>}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2012|12|25|df=y}}|event= [[Air Bagan Flight 11]] touched down short of the runway at [[Heho Airport]], impacting trees and power lines, killing one on board and one on the ground, and injuring 11.<ref name=AP>[https://news.yahoo.com/airliner-makes-emergency-landing-myanmar-060213867.html "Airliner makes emergency landing on Myanmar road"] ''AP.'' Retrieved: 25 December 2012.</ref>}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2013|2|18|df=y}}|event= In the [[Brussels Airport diamond heist]], a Fokker 100 operated by [[Helvetic Airways]] was robbed by eight gunmen who entered the apron in vehicles disguised as police cars and stole approximately US $50 million in diamonds and money that was being loaded into the aircraft from an armoured car. The thieves escaped without any shots being fired.}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2019|12|27|df=y}}|event= [[Bek Air Flight 2100]] lost altitude on takeoff from [[Almaty International Airport]] and struck a nearby concrete barrier and a building. Of 93 passengers and 5 crew, 53 were hospitalized and 12 were killed, including the [[Pilot in command|captain]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/26/asia/kazakhstan-plane-crash-intl-hnk/index.html|title=Plane with almost 100 onboard crashes in Kazakhstan, killing 12 people|first1=Nathan |last1=Hodge |first2=Adam |last2=Renton |first3=Bianca |last3=Britton |date=27 December 2019 |website=CNN.com |access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref> The accident was attributed to a [[stall (aerodynamics)|stall]] caused by ice buildup on the wings; contributing factors were the pilots' failure to inspect the aircraft for ice, poor airline safety standards, and the presence of a building only {{cvt|10|m|ft}} from the airport perimeter fence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accident: Bek F100 at Almaty on Dec 27th 2019, lost height shortly after takeoff and impacted building after two tailstrikes |url=https://avherald.com/h?article=4d127dc6&opt=0 |access-date=10 June 2025 |website=avherald.com}}</ref>}}

==Specifications==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Fokker 100<ref>[http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/stats.main?id=221 "The Fokker 100."] ''airliners.net.'' Retrieved: 17 August 2011.</ref><ref>
[http://www.aer.ita.br/~bmattos/mundo/airliner/fo100.htm Fokker 100 Specifications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321232627/http://www.aer.ita.br/~bmattos/mundo/airliner/fo100.htm |date=2012-03-21 }}  ''aer.ita.br.'' Retrieved: 29 January 2012.
</ref>

! Cockpit crew
| colspan="2" | Two
|-
! [[Seating capacity|Seating]]
| colspan="2" |  97 in 2-class to 122 max.
|-
! Seat pitch
| colspan="2" | min. {{cvt|29|in|cm|order=flip}} to 1st class {{cvt|36|in|cm|order=flip}}
|-
! Length
| colspan="2" | {{cvt|35.53|m|ftin|disp=br()}}
|-
! Wing
|colspan="2" | {{cvt|28.08|m|ftin}} span<br />{{cvt|93.5|sqm|sqft}} area
|-
! Height
| colspan="2" | {{cvt|8.50|m|ftin}}<br/> {{cvt|2.01|m|ftin}} cabin
|-
!  Width
| colspan="2"|{{cvt|3.30|m|ftin}} fuselage<br /> {{cvt|3.10|m|ftin}} cabin
|-
! Empty weight
| {{cvt|24375|kg|lb|disp=br()}}
| {{cvt|24541|kg|lb|disp=br()}}
|-
! [[MTOW]]
| {{cvt|43090|kg|lb|disp=br()}}
| {{cvt|45810|kg|lb|disp=br()}}
|-
! Max. payload
| {{cvt|11242|kg|lb|disp=br()}}
| {{cvt|11993|kg|lb|disp=br()}}
|-
! Fuel capacity
| colspan="2" | {{cvt|13365|L}}
|-
! Turbofans (2x)
! [[Rolls-Royce RB.183 Tay|R-R Tay]] Mk 620-15
! R-R Tay Mk 650-15
|-
! Unit thrust
| {{convert|13850|lb-f|kN|abbr=on|order=flip|disp=br()}}
| {{convert|15100|lb-f|kN|abbr=on|order=flip|disp=br()}}
|-
! Max. cruise
| colspan="2" | {{convert|845|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<br/>Mach 0.77
|-
! Range (max. PL)
| {{cvt|1323|nmi|km|order=flip|disp=br()}}
| {{cvt|1710|nmi|km|order=flip|disp=br()}}
|-
! Take-off (MTOW)
| {{cvt|4988|ft|m|order=flip|disp=br()}}
| {{cvt|5319|ft|m|order=flip|disp=br()}}
|-
! Service ceiling
| colspan="2" | {{cvt|35000|ft|order=flip|disp=br()}}
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Netherlands|Aviation}}
{{aircontent
|see also=
|related=
* [[Fokker 70]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Airbus A318]]
* [[British Aerospace 146]]
* [[Boeing 717]] (MD-95)
* [[Bombardier CRJ700 series]]
* [[Embraer E-Jet family|Embraer E-190/195]]
* [[Fairchild Dornier 728 family]]
* [[McDonnell Douglas MD-80]]
* [[Sukhoi Superjet 100]]
* [[Tupolev Tu-334]]
|lists=
* [[List of jet airliners]]
* [[List of civil aircraft]]
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category inline|Fokker 100}}
* {{official website|https://www.fokkerservices.com/aircraft/fokker|Fokker page at Fokker Services}}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.flyfokker.com/downloads/FlyFokker/Leaflet%20Fokker%20100.pdf |title= Fokker 100 Leaflet |publisher= Fokker Services|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091127210225/http://www.flyfokker.com/downloads/FlyFokker/Leaflet%20Fokker%20100.pdf |archive-date= 2009-11-27 }}
* {{cite web |url= https://www.ngaircraft.com/ |publisher= Netherlands Aircraft Company |title= Fokker 130 project}}
* {{cite web |url= https://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/fokker-100/221 |title= Fokker 100 Aircraft Technical Data & Specifications |work= The International Directory of Civil Aircraft |author= Gerard Frawley |via= Airliners.net}}

{{Fokker aircraft}}

[[Category:1980s Dutch airliners]]
[[Category:Fokker aircraft|100]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:T-tail aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1986]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]