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{{EngvarB|date=November 2016}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name                = Foligno
| official_name       = Città di Foligno
| native_name         = ''Fuligno''
| image_skyline       = Foligno 6.jpg
| imagesize           =
| image_alt           =
| image_caption       = Foligno aerial view
| image_shield        = Foligno-Stemma.svg
| shield_alt          =
| image_flag =Foligno-Bandiera.svg
| image_map           =
| map_alt             =
| map_caption         =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt     =
| coordinates         = {{coord|42|57|N|12|42|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| region              = [[Umbria]]
| province            = [[Province of Perugia|Perugia]] (PG)
| frazioni            = See [[Aghi|list]]
| mayor_party         =
| mayor               = Stefano Zuccarini
| area_footnotes      =
| area_total_km2      = 263
| population_footnotes =
| population_total    = 56918
| population_as_of    = 31 August 2017
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym  = Folignati or Fulginati
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m         = 234
| twin1               =
| twin1_country       =
|istat=| saint               = [[Felician of Foligno|St. Felician Martyr]]
| day                 = January 24
| postal_code         = 06034, 06030, 06037
| area_code           = 0742
| website             = {{official website|http://www.comune.foligno.pg.it}}
| footnotes           =
}}
'''Foligno''' ({{IPA|it|foˈliɲɲo}}; [[Central Italian|Southern Umbrian]]: ''Fuligno'') is an ancient town of [[Italy]] in the [[province of Perugia]] in east central [[Umbria]], on the [[Topino river]] where it leaves the [[Apennine Mountains|Apennines]] and enters the wide plain of the [[Clitumnus river|Clitunno]] river system. It is located {{convert|40|km|0|abbr=off}} south-east of [[Perugia]], {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=on}} north-north-west of [[Trevi, Umbria|Trevi]] and {{convert|6|km|0|abbr=on}} south of [[Spello]].

While Foligno is an active bishopric, one of its civil parishes, [[San Giovanni Profiamma]], is the historical site of the former bishopric of [[Foro Flaminio]], which remains a Latin Catholic [[titular see]].

[[Foligno railway station]] forms part of the main line from [[Rome]] to [[Ancona]], and is the [[junction (rail)|junction]] for Perugia; it is thus an important rail centre, with repair and maintenance yards for the trains of central Italy, and was therefore subjected to severe Allied aerial bombing in [[World War II]], responsible for its relatively modern aspect, although it retains some medieval monuments. Of its Roman past no significant trace remains, with the exception of the regular street plan of the centre. Other resources include sugar refineries and metallurgical, textile, building materials and paper and timber industries. After the war, the city's position in the plain and again its rail connections have led to a considerable suburban spread with the attendant problems of traffic and [[air pollution]], as well as a severe encroachment on the Umbrian wetlands. Foligno is on an important [[Interchange (road)|interchange road junction]] in central Italy and {{convert|2|km|0|abbr=on}} away from the centre of the city there is the [[Foligno Airport]].

== History ==
{{See also|Hemp in the Papal States}}
Foligno seems to have been founded by [[Umbrians]] in the pre-Roman period (probably 8th century BC). It was conquered by the [[Rome|Romans]] after the [[Battle of Sentinum]] in 295 BC, receiving the name of ''Fulginiae'' from the ancient cult of the goddess [[Fulginia]]. In the classic Roman age the city acquired importance first as a [[municipium]], later as the seat of a prefecture and finally as a ''Statio principalis'' of road traffic along the ancient [[Via Flaminia]].

The city began to decay in the late [[Roman Empire]] years: after the fall of the latter, Fulginiae became part of the [[Duchy of Spoleto]], and was sacked by the [[Saracen]]s in 881 and ruined by [[Hungarian people|Magyars]] in 915 and again in 924: its inhabitants therefore decided to move, settling around the nearby ''Civitas Sancti Feliciani'' (former ''Castrum Sancti Feliciani''), a church strengthened by walls where the Bishop and martyr Feliciano was buried in the 3rd century&nbsp;AD and which was then already populated. The new seat had also attracted people from [[Forum Flaminii]] (now [[San Giovanni Profiamma]]), a neighbouring city and former bishopric that had been destroyed by the [[Lombards]] under [[Liutprand, King of the Lombards|Liutprand]] but remains a Latin Catholic [[titular see]].

[[File:Foligno Cattedrale.jpg|thumb|220px|left|The Duomo (Cathedral) of San Feliciano in Foligno.]]
Foligno recovered and continued to grow, ultimately gaining the status of free city in 1165 thanks to emperor [[Frederick Barbarossa]]. Siding first with the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Guelph]] party, after its occupation by Corrado Guiscardo, a captain of emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]], it became [[Ghibelline]] as a fierce rival of the Guelph [[Perugia]]. It changed hands often during the wars of the 13th century, until 1305 when it was seized from the Ghibelline Anastasi by the powerful Guelph family of the [[Trinci]], acting as semi-independent deputies of the [[Holy See]]. During this period Foligno flourished and reached the height of its wealth and, especially in the 15th century, was a centre of art thanks to the family's patronage of arts (exemplified by the [[Palazzo Trinci]]). It controlled a large territory, including [[Assisi]], [[Bevagna]], [[Giano dell'Umbria|Giano]], [[Montefalco]], [[Nocera Umbra|Nocera]] and [[Spello]].

When [[Corrado IV Trinci|Corrado Trinci]] turned against the [[Papal states|Papal authority]], [[Pope Eugene IV|Pope Eugene&nbsp;IV]] sent a force against Foligno in 1439, led by Cardinal [[Giovanni Vitelleschi]]. The inhabitants opened their gates and Corrado was beheaded in 1441 in the castle of [[Soriano nel Cimino|Soriano]]. Henceforth Foligno belonged to the [[Papal States]] until 1860, with the exception of the [[Napoleon]]ic era, when it was part of the [[Roman Republic (18th century)|Roman Republic]] (1799) then of the [[First French Empire|French Empire]] (1809‑1814). The citizens took an active part in the [[Risorgimento]] wars, and on 14 September 1860 [[Savoy]] troops took the city and annexed it to the [[Italy|Kingdom of Italy]].

It has suffered from several major earthquakes, among which those of 1832 and [[1997 Assisi earthquake|1997]].

== Main sights ==
Main attractions of the city include:
*''Palazzo Comunale'', built in the 13th century and rebuilt various times during the 16th and the 17th centuries.  Its present Neo-Classical façade was carried out between 1835 and 1838. The bell tower is still the original from the 13th century.
[[File:Foligno, commedia di dante, edizione stampata da johann numeister, 1472, d'elci 867, c 2r.JPG|thumb|right|220px|[[Editio princeps]] of the ''Divine Comedy'', printed in Foligno in 1472.]]
*Adjoining the'' Palazzo Comunale'' is the ''Palazzo Orfini'', built in Renaissance style, where the first printing shop opened by Emiliano Orfini around 1470. An inscription on the current façade (built in 1507) commemorates the printing in April 1472 of [[Dante]]'s ''[[Divine Comedy]]'' here by [[Johann Neumeister]], a former pupil of [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]].
*[[Cathedral of San Feliciano]] or ''Duomo'' (1133–1201), episcopal see of the present [[Diocese of Foligno]] : a [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] building (the interior, however, was completely reworked in the 18th century). There is a copy of original Saint Peter's baldachin designed by the Italian sculptor and architect [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]].
*[[Santa Maria Infraportas, Foligno|Santa Maria Infraportas]], the oldest church in town, although the present edifice dates to the 11th century.
*The [[Church of San Giacomo (Foligno)|Church of San Giacomo]] dates from 1402.
*[[Palazzo Trinci|Trinci Palace]] (1389–1407), which houses an archaeological museum, the city's picture gallery, a multimedia museum of Tournaments and Jousts and the Civic Museum. The façade was rebuilt in Neoclassicist style after the earthquakes in 1831–1832. It houses frescoes from the early 15th century, some attributed to [[Gentile da Fabriano]].
*''Ospedale Vecchio'' : a stately Renaissance building (1517–1520) with an eleven-arch portico on the Corso Cavour
*''Palazzo Cantagilli'' (15th century), Palazzo Morotti (17th century) and Palazzo Roncalli (16th century) on the Corso Cavour
*''Church of S. Agostino'' (18th century) : brickwork façade with four [[Corinthian column]]s (on the Piazza Garibaldi)
*''Church of S. Salvatore'' (12th century): the façade (14th century) was built with alternating rows of red and white stone and has three [[Pointed arch|ogival]] portals. (on the Piazza Garibaldi)
*''Church of the Suffragio'' (18th century) was built with a Greek cross-layout and an Ionic style façade.
*''Oratory of Nunziatella'', built in Renaissance style by (attributed to) Francesco di Bartolomeo da Pietrasanta after a miraculous event in 1489. The rectangular oratory contains two altars on the back wall and one altar on each sidewall with paintings from several periods. Its most famous painting is "Baptism of Jesus" by [[Perugino]] (1507), commissioned by Giovanni Battista Morganti. A fragment of the miraculous image of the Virgin was enclosed in a tabernacle of gilded wood. It was placed in front of a fresco by [[Giovanni Antonio Pandolfi (painter)|Giovanni Antonio Pandolfi]] da Pesaro (1575), representing the Holy Spirit among angels with St. Feliciano and the Blessed Pietro Crisci. The sacristy contains a damaged fresco of the Pietà, recently attributed to [[Giannicola di Paolo]]. In the same room stands the printing press on which the first edition of [[Dante]]'s [[Divina Commedia]] was printed on 11 April 1472.
*The ''[[Abbey of Sassovivo]]'', {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=on}} to the east, with cloisters of 1229 with pairs of small columns supporting arches, and [[Cosmatesque]] decorations.

== Culture ==
The name of Foligno was famous for a noteworthy school of painting in the 15th century, and its name is carried by the ''[[Madonna of Foligno]]'', now in the [[Vatican City|Vatican]], was painted by the [[Urbino|Urbinate]] artist [[Raphael]] for the nobleman Sigismondo di Comitibus.

The first printed edition of [[Dante Alighieri|Dante's]] ''[[Divina Commedia]]'' was printed in the Orfini Palace at Foligno on 5 and 6 April 1472 by [[Johannes Neumeister]] and [[Evangelista Mei]], when the sheets for 300 copies were made.<ref>Christopher Kleinhenz, ''Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia'', Volume 1 (Routledge, 2004, {{ISBN|0-415-93930-5}}), p. 360.</ref> At the end of 17th century there were four [[Newspapers in the Papal States in 17th and 18th centuries#Newspapers printed in Foligno|newspapers printed in Foligno]]. In the 18th century, both Foligno and nearby [[Spello]] produced the famous almanac [[Barbanera]].

The city is notable as the birthplaces of [[Angela of Foligno|St Angela of Foligno]] (1248–1309) and the [[martyr]] [[Felician of Foligno|St Felician of Foligno]], its [[patron saint]].

== Quarters ==
The historical centre of Foligno is traditionally divided into twenty ''[[rione|rioni]]'' ("quarters"). Only ten of those are officially recognized and can take part in the [[Giostra della Quintana]] :

*Ammanniti
*Badia
*Cassero
*Contrastanga
*Croce Bianca
*Giotti
*La Mora
*Morlupo
*Pugilli
*Spada

Ten "defunct" ''rioni'' have been absorbed by the ones above: Borgo, Fonte del Campo, Cipischi, Croce, Falconi, Feldenghi, Franceschi, Menacoda, Piazza Vecchia and Spavagli.

The Giostra della Quintana is a knight ring jousting tournament based on a historical event. It takes place in the town of Foligno. Actually the challenges take place in June (1st Challenge) during a Saturday night and September (the counter-challenge) the 2nd or 3rd Sunday of September.
The definition of Quintana comes from the 5th road of the Roman military Camps, where the soldiers were trained to the lance fighting. They run against a dummy-soldier, trying to catch a ring hanging from an arm of the dummy. Here the origin of the tournament's name, but the first definition and documented "Quintana" as a knights' jousting tournament during a festival, dates back to 1448. Since then, Foligno's "Quintana" was held uninterruptedly every year. In 1946 the actual "Giostra della Quintana" was reborn. In 1613 the Priors included the Quintana in the events of Carnival festivals, and all has been historically documented. There are ten knights, each representing a quarter of the town. Rushing at gallop, they have to catch 3 rings having smaller size at each tournament. The rings are hanging from a rotating statue represent Mars, the Roman God of War. The statue is in oak original dating back until 1613 (17th century) having a shield and a straight arm. A number of happenings involve the whole town and a parade of 800 persons dressed in original-like precious dresses walk in the town the day before the joust takes place.

==''Frazioni''== 
(a subdivision of a comune (municipality) in Italy)
{{Confusing section|reason=because it has an Italian section title with an unexplained list of Italian words|date=May 2022}}
[[Abbazia di Sassovivo]], Acqua Santo Stefano, Afrile, Aghi, Ali, [[Annifo]], Arvello, Ascolano, Barri, Belfiore, Borgarella, Borroni, Budino, Camino, Cancellara, Cancelli, Cantagalli, Capodacqua, Caposomigiale, Cappuccini, Cariè, Carpello, Casa del Prete, Casa Pacico, Casale del Leure, Casale della Macchia, Casale di Morro, Casale di Scopoli, Cascito, Casco dell'Acqua, Casenove, {{lang|it|Casette di Cupigliolo}}, Casevecchie, Cassignano, Castello di Morro, Castretto, Cavallara, Cave, Cerritello, Chieve, Cifo, Civitella, [[Colfiorito]], Collazzolo, Colle di Verchiano, Colle San Giovanni, Colle San Lorenzo, Colle Scandolaro, Collelungo, Collenibbio, Colpernaco, Colpersico, Corvia, Costa di Arvello, Crescenti, Croce di Roccafranca, Croce di Verchiano, Cupacci, Cupigliolo, Cupoli, Curasci, Fiamenga, Fondi, [[Forcatura]], Fraia, Hoffmann, La Franca, La Spiazza, La Valle, Leggiana, Liè, Maceratola, Maestà di Colfornaro, Madonna delle Grazie, Montarone, Morro, Navello, Orchi, Palarne, Pale, Perticani, Pescara I°, Pescara II°, Pieve Fanonica, Pisenti, Poggiarello, Polveragna, Ponte San Lazzaro, Ponte Santa Lucia, Pontecentesimo, Popola, Rasiglia, Ravignano, Rio, Roccafranca, Roviglieto, San Bartolomeo, [[San Giovanni Profiamma]] (site of a Roman town and the former [[Diocese of Foro Flaminii]], now a Latin Catholic [[titular see]]), San Vittore, Sant'Eraclio, Santo Stefano dei Piccioni, Scafali, Scandolaro, Scanzano, Scopoli, Seggio, Serra Alta, Serra Bassa, Serrone, Sostino, Sterpete, Tesina, Tito, Torre di Montefalco, Treggio, Uppello, Vallupo, Vegnole, Verchiano, Vescia, Vionica, Volperino.

==Notable people==
{{Category see also|People from Foligno}}
<!-- Chronological order -->
*[[Angelo da Foligno]] (1226-1312), priest of the Order of Saint Augustine and saint 
*[[Angela of Foligno]] (1248–1309), a Franciscan tertiary, mystic and saint called the "Mistress of Theologians", was born at Foligno.<ref>{{cite CE1913|wstitle= Bl. Angela of Foligno |volume= 1 |last= Robinson |first= Paschal |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Messalina of Foligno]] (died 249), Christian martyr
*[[Antonia of Florence]] (1402–1472), [[Franciscan]] and saint.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.roman-catholic-saints.com/blessed-antonia-of-florence.html |title=Roman Catholic Saints |access-date=2019-05-10 |archive-date=2019-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510083700/https://www.roman-catholic-saints.com/blessed-antonia-of-florence.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Giovanni di Corraduccio]] (fl. c. 1404–1437), painter, was born here
*[[Pier Antonio Mezzastris]] (c. 1430 – c. 1506), painter, was born at Foligno 
*[[Niccolò Alunno]], Italian painter, born in Foligno in 1430.<ref name=CE>{{cite Catholic Encyclopedia |wstitle=Niccolò Alunno |volume=1 |first=Augustus |last=Van Cleef}}</ref>
*[[Antimo Liberati]], Italian music theorist, composer, and singer, born in Foligno in 1617<ref name=Grove>Leopold, Silke (2001). [http://oxfordindex.oup.com/abstract/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.16562 "Liberati, Antimo"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108144617/http://oxfordindex.oup.com/abstract/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.16562 |date=2018-11-08 }}. ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]'', 2nd edition. Online version retrieved 2 November 2018 (subscription required for full access).</ref>
*[[Giuseppe Piermarini]] (18 July 1734 – 18 February 1808), Italian architect born in Foligno
*[[Fra Umile da Foligno]] (fl. late 17th-century), a Franciscan friar and painter in Perugia and Rome, was born in Foligno.<ref>Stefano Ticozzi, ''Dizionario degli architetti, scultori, pittori, intagliatori in rame ed in pietra, coniatori di medaglie, musaicisti, niellatori, intarsiatori d’ogni etá e d’ogni nazione'', Vol. 1 (Milan: Vincenzo Ferrario, 1818), p. 203</ref> 
*[[Mariano Armellino]], Benedictine historian, died in Foligno in 1737.<ref>{{cite CE1913|wstitle= Mariano Armellino |volume= 1 |last= Ott |first= Michael |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Liborio Coccetti]], Italian painter, born in Foligno {{circa}} 1739 <ref>Key to Umbria. [http://www.keytoumbria.com/Foligno/Coccetti_Liborio.html "Liborio Coccetti (ca. 1739-1816)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206104750/http://www.keytoumbria.com/Foligno/Coccetti_Liborio.html |date=2018-12-06 }}.</ref> 
*[[Caterina Scarpellini]] (1808–1873), astronomer, was born and brought up at Foligno.
*[[Piero Bernocchi]] (born 1947), teacher, trade union officer and politician.
*[[Leonardo Spinazzola]] (born 1993), professional football player for [[Italy national football team]] and Serie A club [[SSC Napoli]].
*[[Nicola Marinangeli]] (born 2003), professional racing driver currently competing in [[FIA Formula 3 Championship|FIA Formula 3]].

== International relations ==

===Twin towns — Sister cities===
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}}

Foligno is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Gemona del Friuli]], Italy
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[La Louvière]], [[Belgium]]
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Shibukawa]], [[Japan]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
*{{Cite book|title=Valle Umbra – Storia, arte, cultura e tradizione|publisher=Valle Umbra – Servizio Turistico Associato|location=Foligno|year=2006}}
*{{Cite journal|title=Foligno – Invito a palazzo|journal=Medioevo|date=March 2007|last=Vigueur|first=Jean-Claude Maire|issue=122|publisher=De Agostini Periodici|location=Novara|pages=48–64}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Foligno}}
*[http://www.comune.foligno.pg.it/ Official town's website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526192739/http://www.comune.foligno.pg.it/ |date=26 May 2010 }}
*[http://www.quintana.it/ Official Giostra della Quintana website]
*[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Umbria/Perugia/Foligno/Foligno/home.html Bill Thayer's site]

{{Province of Perugia}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Foligno| ]]
[[Category:Roman sites in Umbria]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Umbria]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 8th century BC]]
[[Category:8th-century BC establishments in Italy]]
[[Category:290s BC establishments]]
[[Category:3rd-century BC establishments in the Roman Republic]]
[[Category:3rd-century BC establishments in Italy]]