View source for Ford RS200

{{Distinguish|Ford Escort RS2000}}
{{Infobox automobile
| image = White Ford RS200.jpg
| name = Ford RS200
| manufacturer = [[Reliant Motor Company]] for [[Ford Europe]]
| production = 1984&ndash;1986
| assembly = United Kingdom: [[Reliant Motor Company]], [[Shenstone]], [[England]]
| layout = [[mid-engine design|Mid-engined]] [[four-wheel drive]]
| class = [[Sports car]] ([[S-segment|S]])
| body_style = 2-door [[coupé]]
| engine = 1.8 L [[Cosworth#The_BDA_series|Cosworth BDT]] [[straight-4]]<br>2.1 L [[Cosworth#The_BDA_series|Cosworth BDT-E]] straight-4
| transmission = 5-speed [[manual transmission|manual]]
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2540|mm|in|1}}
| length = {{cvt|3988|mm|in|1}}
| width = {{cvt|1752|mm|in|1}}
| height = {{cvt|1320|mm|in|1}}
| weight = 
| designer = [[Tony Southgate]]<br>John Wheeler<br>[[Ian Callum]]<br>Filippo Sapino at [[Ghia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rallygroupbshrine.org/the-group-b-cars/rally-cars/ford-rs200/|title=Ford RS200 (Group B)|website=rallygroupbshrine.org|date=18 January 2016 |access-date=20 November 2020}}</ref>
| predecessor = [[Ford Escort RS 1700T]]
| successor = [[Ford Sierra RS Cosworth]]
}}

The '''Ford RS200''' is a mid-engined, [[All-wheel drive|all-wheel-drive]] [[sports car]] that was produced by [[Reliant Motor Company]] for [[Ford Motorsport]] in [[Shenstone]], UK, from 1984 to 1986. The road-going RS200 was the basis for Ford's [[Group B]] [[rally car]] and was designed to comply with [[FIA]] homologation regulations, which required 200 parts kits to be produced and at least one road-legal car to be assembled. The car was first displayed to the public at the Belfast Motor Show.

== History ==
Following the introduction of the Mk3 Escort in 1980, Ford Motorsport set about developing a rear-wheel-drive, turbocharged variant of the vehicle that could be entered into competition in [[Group B]] rally racing. Ford had dominated Group B's predecessors, [[Group 3 (motorsport)|Group 3]] and [[Group 4 (motorsport)|Group 4]] in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s with the Mk1 and Mk2 Escorts. It dubbed the new vehicle the [[Ford Escort RS 1700T|Escort RS 1700T]]. A problem-filled development, plus internal apathy against the car (which had little in common with the production version of the Mk3 Escort) led Ford to abandon the project in frustration in 1983, leaving them without a new vehicle to enter into Group B. Not wanting to abandon Group B or simply "write off" the cost of developing the failed 1700T, executives decided to make use of the lessons learned developing that vehicle in preparing a new, purpose-built rally car. In addition, Ford executives became adamant that the new vehicle would feature all-wheel-drive, an addition they felt would be necessary to allow it to compete properly with all-wheel-drive models from [[Peugeot]] and [[Audi]].

[[File:Ford RS200 - Race Retro 2008 01.jpg|thumb|left|RS200 at the Race Retro 2008]]
The new vehicle was a unique design, featuring a plastic-[[fiberglass]] composite body designed by [[Ghia]], a mid-mounted engine and four-wheel drive. The cars were built on behalf of Ford by another company well known for its expertise in producing fibreglass bodies - [[Reliant Motors|Reliant]]. To aid weight distribution, designers mounted the transmission at the front of the car, which required that power from the mid-mounted engine go first up to the front wheels and then be run back again to the rear, creating a complex drive train setup. The chassis was designed by former [[Formula One]] designer [[Tony Southgate]], and Ford's John Wheeler, a former F1 engineer, aided in early development. A [[double wishbone suspension]] setup with twin dampers on all four wheels aided handling and helped give the car what was often regarded as being the best balanced platform of any of the RS200's contemporary competitors. The Ford parts-bin was raided to help give the RS200 a Ford corporate look; for example, the front windscreen and rear lights were identical to those of the early [[Ford Sierra|Sierra]] and the doors were cut-down Sierra items. Small parts-bin items like switchgear were also used to save development time and expenses.

[[File:Ford RS200 (3874941131).jpg|thumb|The mid-engined RS200's engine bay and rear suspension]]
Power came from a {{cvt|1803|cc|L CID|1}}, single turbocharged Ford-[[Ford BDA|Cosworth "BDT]]" engine producing {{cvt|250|hp|0}} in road-going trim, and between {{cvt|350|and|450|hp|0}} in racing trim; upgrade kits were available for road-going versions to boost power output to over {{cvt|300|hp|0}}. Although the RS had the balance and poise necessary to be competitive, its [[power-to-weight ratio]] was poor by comparison, and its engine produced notorious low-RPM lag, making it difficult to drive and ultimately less competitive. Factory driver [[Kalle Grundel]]'s third-place finish at the 1986 [[World Rally Championship|WRC]] Rally of Sweden represented the vehicle's best-ever finish in Group B rallying competition, although the model did see limited success outside of the ultra-competitive Group B class. However, only one event later, at the [[Rally de Portugal]], a Ford RS200 was involved in one of the most dramatic accidents in WRC history, claiming the lives of three spectators and injuring many others.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rallye-info.com/carspecs.asp?car=236 |title=Ford RS200 _ Specifications & History |publisher=Rallye-Info.com |access-date=2011-03-20 |archive-date=2018-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121072617/http://www.rallye-info.com/carspecs.asp?car=236 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another Ford RS200 was crashed by Swiss Formula One driver [[Marc Surer]] against a tree during the 1986 Hessen-Rallye in Germany, killing his co-driver and friend Michel Wyder instantly.

[[File:SchancheBreitenederMelk1989.jpg|thumb|left|RS200 and [[Audi Quattro S1]] competing in rallycross]]

The accident at Rally Portugal set off a chain reaction and the RS200 became obsolete after only one full year of competition as the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]], the governing board, which at the time controlled WRC rally racing, abolished Group B after the 1986 season. For 1987, Ford had planned to introduce an "Evolution" variant of the RS200, featuring a development of the BDT engine, called later as [[Cosworth#The BDA series|BDT-E]], displacing {{cvt|2137|cc|L CID|1}}, developed by Briton [[Brian Hart]]. Power figures for the engine vary quite a bit from source to source, depending on the mechanical setup e.g. boost levels, power output ranges from {{cvt|550|hp|PS kW|0}} to {{cvt|815|hp|PS kW|0}}; although most typical output was {{cvt|580|hp|PS kW|0}} at 8,000&nbsp;rpm and {{cvt|400|lbft|Nm|0}} at 5,500&nbsp;rpm of [[torque]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.supercars.net/blog/1986-ford-rs200-evolution/|website=supercars.net|title=1986 Ford RS200 Evolution|language=en-us|date=March 6, 2016|access-date=June 16, 2018}}</ref> The ban on Group B racing effectively forced the E2 model into retirement; however, more than a dozen of them were successfully run from August 1986 until October 1992 in the [[FIA European Championships for Rallycross Drivers]] events all over Europe, and Norwegian Martin Schanche claimed the 1991 European [[rallycross]] title with a Ford RS200 E2 that produced over {{cvt|650|bhp|0}}.

[[File:Ford RS200 001.JPG|thumb|left|Ford RS200 at the Spirit of Rally 2005]]

One RS200, which found its way into circuit racing, originated as a road car; it was converted to [[IMSA GT Championship|IMSA GTO]] specification powered by an over-750 BHP 2.0 litre turbo BDTE Cosworth Evolution engine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.preromanbritain.com/gwem/martbean/rs200/imsagto.htm |title=IMSA GTO RS200 |publisher=Preromanbritain.com |access-date=2011-03-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715112336/http://www.preromanbritain.com/gwem/martbean/rs200/imsagto.htm |archive-date=2011-07-15 }}</ref> Competing against the numerous factory-backed teams such as Mazda, Mercury and Nissan, with their newly built [[spaceframe]] specials, despite being a privateer, the car never achieved any real success to be a serious contender<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wspr-racing.com/wspr/results/imsa/imsagt1989.html |title=wspr-racing.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wspr-racing.com/wspr/results/imsa/imsagt1990.html |title=wspr-racing.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wspr-racing.com/wspr/results/imsa/imsagt1991.html |title=wspr-racing.com }}</ref> and was kept by the original owner. A parts car was built in England and later used to compete in the unlimited category at the [[Pikes Peak International Hill Climb]], where it was driven by Swede [[Stig Blomqvist]] in 2001, 2002 and 2004<ref>[http://www.motorsportsemployment.com/rs200.html Seeking Sponsorship and driver for Ford RS200 GTO racecar for Pikes Peak Race!] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615003401/http://www.motorsportsemployment.com/rs200.html |date=June 15, 2007 }}</ref> and in 2009 by former British Rallycross champion Mark Rennison.

In June 2024, Ford & [[Boreham Motorworks]] teased a "Remaster" of the RS200, alongside the Ford Escort MK1 continuation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pappas |first=Thanos |date=24 June 2024 |title=Ford MK1 Escort And RS200 To Be Resurrected By Boreham Motorworks |url=https://www.carscoops.com/2024/06/ford-mk1-escort-and-rs200-to-be-resurrected-by-boreham-motorworks/ |work=Carscoops}}</ref>

==Production==
[[File:RS200 Blue 2.jpg|thumb|A blue production RS200.]]
[[FIA]] homologation rules for [[Group B]] required the construction of at least 200 road-legal vehicles, and Ford contracted Reliant Motors PLC to construct these 200 units at their Shenstone facility, with spare parts for another 20+ units put aside for the racing teams. Those chassis and spare parts were later also used to build a couple of non-genuine, so-called ''bitsa'' cars. The Ford RS200 originally cost £49,995 in 1985[https://www.evo.co.uk/ford/rs200#:~:text=Boost%20might%20have%20been%20turned,of%20pops%2C%20bangs%20and%20whooshes.&text=The%20RS200%20cost%20%C2%A349%2C995,evolution)%20models%20fetching%20significantly%20more. .] However, due to its cult status and Group B legacy, the car's value has increased to over six figures, with the highly sought-after Evolution (EVO) models selling for significantly more. For example, in 2017, a Ford RS200 Evolution sold for $550,000 at a Bonhams auction in the US, which is the record auction price for the car. In November 2023, another Ford RS200 Evolution sold for £486,000 at Iconic Auctioneers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ford RS200 – review, history and specs of an icon |url=https://www.evo.co.uk/ford/rs200 |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=evo |language=en}}</ref>

=== Evolution (E/E2) ===
Group B required any modifications and upgrades had to be homologated by building a further batch of 20 road models to certify the revised specification. Even though Group B had been banned by the time the evolution model was ready, Ford produced the road cars regardless.

A total of 24 of the 200 original cars were reportedly later converted to the so-called "Evolution" models, mostly marked by their owners as "E" or "E2" types. Ford's first intention was to mark the FIA-required 20 "Evo" cars as series numbers 201 to 220 but as this was actually not necessary according to the FIA rules they later kept their original series numbers<ref>{{Cite web |title=What makes an EVO? {{!}} Ford RS200 Database |url=https://rs200.org/?page_id=611 |access-date=2023-05-24 |language=en-GB}}</ref> (e.g. 201 = 012, 202 = 146, 203 = 174 et cetera). Changes were mostly mechanical, with the engine being designated BDT-E. Additional cool ducts were fitted above the roof, on either side of the main engine intake.

=== 'S' Version ===
During the sales programme a Canadian entrepreneur, Murray H. de Weerdt, approached Ford with a proposal to purchase 20 cars and to commission them to have a better level of equipment in an attempt to produce a more marketable "ultimate RS200". He coined the term "The 'S' Version" although permission was never formerly granted by Ford to use this designation however he went on to produce sale literature. Changes included wider seats, Air Conditioning, improved cooling and increased power. A total of 20 were produced, 16 standard cars and 4 evolution spec, including 4 in red.<ref>[https://girardo.com/car/1982-ford-rs200-s-0/]</ref> The deal ultimately never came to fruition although Mr de Weerdt went on to own one of the cars himself, chassis number 110. The remaining 19 were sold by Ford to private buyers. The full chassis number list is still available where the "S" designation can be seen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chassis Number Database - Ford RS200 Group B Rally Car Information & Database |url=https://rs200.org/forum/viewforum.php?f=251 |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=rs200.org}}</ref> 

==Specification (Group B rally car)==
[[File:Ford RS200 - Flickr - exfordy (1).jpg|thumb|An RS200 driven at the 2010 [[Goodwood Festival of Speed]]]]
[[File:1988 Ford RS200 4WD 1.8 Rear.jpg|thumb|The rear of an RS200]]
{{Listen
 |filename     =Ford RS200.ogg
 |title        =Ford RS200 at Goodwood
 |type         =sound
 |style        =float:right
}}

===Engine===
*[[Longitudinal engine|Longitudinally-mounted]], [[mid-engine, four-wheel-drive layout]]
*Head/block [[aluminium alloy]]/aluminium alloy
*[[Straight-4|4 cylinders in line]], [[Nikasil]] integrated liners
*5 main bearings. Water cooled, electric fan
*'''Bore''': {{cvt|86|mm|in|2}}
*'''Stroke''': {{cvt|77.6|mm|in|2}}
*'''Capacity''': {{cvt|1803|cc|L CID|1}}
*'''Valve gear''': Dual overhead cams, 4 valves per cylinder, toothed belt camshaft drive
'''Compression ratio''': 7.2:1. [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] [[Motronic]] [[engine management system]] and [[fuel injection]]. [[Garrett AiResearch|Garrett]] T3 [[turbocharger]]/boost pressure {{cvt|23|psi|bar}}.
*'''Max. power''': {{cvt|450|PS|kW hp|0}} at 8,000&nbsp;rpm
*'''Max. torque''': {{cvt|490|Nm|lbft|order=flip}} at 5,500&nbsp;rpm

===Transmission===
*5-speed manual, AP twin plate paddle clutch with cerrametallic linings

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Gear
!Ratio
!mph/1,000&nbsp;rpm
|- valign="top"
| 5th
| 1.14
| 13.26
|-
|4th
| 1.36
|10.90
|-
|3rd
| 1.68
|8.88
|-
|2nd
|2.14
|7.08
|-
|1st
| 3.23
|4.72
|}
Final drive: Spiral bevel, ratio 4.375 to transfer ratio of 1.15

===Suspension===
*''Front'', independent, double wishbones, twin coil springs and telescopic dampers, anti-roll bar
*''Rear'', independent, double wishbones, twin coil springs and telescopic dampers, anti-roll bar, adjustable toe control link

===Steering===
*Rack and pinion, a small quantity of cars also had hydraulic power assistance. Steering wheel diameter 14 in, 1.8 turns [[lock-to-lock]]

===Brakes===
Dual circuits, split front/rear. Front {{cvt|11.8|in|mm}} diameter ventilated discs. Rear {{cvt|11.8|in|mm|0}} diameter ventilated discs, no vacuum servo. Handbrake, mechanical fly-off and hydraulic centre lever acting on separate, mechanically operated rear calipers.

===Wheels===
Ford magnesium alloy, 6&ndash;8 in rims (8¾ in and 11 in option for racing tyres). Tyre dependent on conditions ([[Pirelli]] Monte Carlo intermediates 245/40 16 on test car), 16 in diameter, pressures dependent on tyres used.

===Dimensions and weights===
*Length: {{cvt|157.5|in|mm|0}}
*Width: {{cvt|69.0|in|mm|0}}
*Height: variable
*Wheelbase: {{cvt|99.6|in|mm|0}}
*Track (Front/Rear): {{cvt|59.1|/|58.9|in|mm|0}}
*Weight: {{cvt|2315|lb|kg|0}}

=== Performance ===
{{CN|date=February 2022}}
[[File:Ford RS200 preserved.jpg|thumb|right|270px|The preserved RS200 with chassis No. 200 at the Ford Heritage Centre, [[Dagenham]] ]]

'''Top speeds:'''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Gear
!mph
!km/h
!rpm
|-
| Top
| 118
| 190
| 8,900
|-
|4th
| 97
| 156
| 8,900
|-
|3rd
| 79
| 127
| 8,900
|-
|2nd
| 63
| 101
| 8,900
|-
|1st
| 42
| 68
| 8,900
|}

'''Acceleration from rest:'''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!True mph
!Time (sec)
|-
| 30
| 1.2
|-
| 40
| 1.8
|-
| 50
| 2.6
|-
| 60
| 3.8
|-
| 70
| UNK
|-
| 80
| 4.8
|-
| 90
| 5.9
|-
| 100
| 7.3
|-
| 110
| 8.7
|}

''Standing 1/4-mile:'' 11.4 sec, {{cvt|115|mi/h|km/h}}

''Standing km:'' Not known

''Acceleration (s):''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!mph
!Top
!4th
!3rd
!2nd
|- valign="top"
| 10-30
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| 20-40
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
| 30-50
| -
| -
| 2.2
| 1.2
|-
| 40-60
| -
| 2.3
| 1.0
| 1.1
|-
| 50-70
| 2.2
| 1.4
| -
| -
|-
| 60-80
| 1.6
| 1.5
| -
| -
|-
| 70-90
| 1.7
| 1.6
| -
| -
|-
| 80-100
| 2.0
| -
| -
| -
|-
| 90-110
| 2.4
| -
| -
| -
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* ''Heightened Perception'' - [[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] 12 November 1986 issue

==External links==
{{commons category|Ford RS200}}
* [http://www.rs200.org Ford RS 200 Information]

{{FordEurope}}
{{Ford RS series}}
{{Ford Motor Company vehicles}}

[[Category:Ford Rally Sport vehicles|RS200]]
[[Category:Rally cars]]
[[Category:Sports cars]]
[[Category:Group B cars]]
[[Category:Rear mid-engine, all-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1984]]
[[Category:Cars discontinued in 1986]]