View source for Foreign relations of Syria

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{use British English|date=November 2025}}
{{Politics of Syria}}
Since the [[Syrian Republic]] gained independence from the [[Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon|French Mandate]], [[Syria]] has seen tension with its neighbours, such as [[Turkey]], [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], [[Iraq]], and [[Lebanon]]. Ensuring national security, increasing influence among its [[Arab]] neighbours and securing the return of the [[Golan Heights]], had been the primary goals of [[Ba'athist Syria]]'s foreign policy. Syria is also a full member of the [[Arab League]]. Syria enjoyed an improvement in relations with several of the states in its region in the 21st century, prior to the [[Arab Spring]] and the [[Syrian civil war]]. Due to the Syrian civil war, [[International reactions to the Syrian civil war|Ba'athist Syrian government was partially isolated]] from the countries in the region and the wider international community until 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lister |first=Charles |date=2023-07-31 |title=Normalizing Assad Has Made Syria's Problems Even Worse |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/07/31/syria-assad-normalization-saudi-arabia-jordan-terrorism-islamic-state-captagon/ |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US}}</ref> After the [[fall of the Assad regime]] in late 2024, the new Syrian government actively engaged with the [[European Union]] and neighboring countries including Turkey and the [[Arab world]] for post-war reconstruction.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Gulf Shifts Policies in Response to the "New" Syria |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2025/01/the-gulf-shifts-policies-in-response-to-the-new-syria?lang=en&center=europe |publisher=Carnegie Europe |access-date=31 January 2025}}</ref>

==History==
===Ba'athist Syria===
Under the [[Ba'athist Syria|Ba'athist regime]], diplomatic relations were severed with several countries, including [[Turkey]], [[Canada]], [[France]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Sweden]], [[Denmark]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Germany]], the [[United States]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Belgium]], [[Spain]], [[Mexico]], [[Qatar]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], and [[Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Assad Takes a Page Out of Russia's Book in His War Against Rebels|work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2012-02-08/ty-article/assad-takes-a-page-out-of-russias-book-in-his-war-against-rebels/0000017f-dc03-d3a5-af7f-feaf182a0000 |access-date=26 February 2023}}</ref> In 2011 and 2012, Syria was suspended from the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]], [[Union for the Mediterranean]] and the [[Arab League]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Arab League readmits Syria as relations with Assad normalise |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/arab-league-set-readmit-syria-relations-with-assad-normalise-2023-05-07/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215072210/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/arab-league-set-readmit-syria-relations-with-assad-normalise-2023-05-07/ |archive-date=15 December 2024 |access-date=2025-04-02 |work=Reuters |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref>

Ba'athist Syria had close ties with its traditional allies, [[Iran]] and [[Russia]]. Other countries that maintain good relations with the Assad regime include [[China]], [[North Korea]], [[Vietnam]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/41316-al-moallem-receives-credentials-of-vietnam-s-non-resident-ambassador-to-syria|title=Al-Moallem Receives Credentials of Vietnam's Non-Resident Ambassador to Syria|work=Syria Times|date=22 April 2019|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423154616/http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/41316-al-moallem-receives-credentials-of-vietnam-s-non-resident-ambassador-to-syria}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=272366|title=Syria, Vietnam discuss cooperation, latest developments|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|date=19 May 2022|access-date=21 May 2022}}</ref> [[Fiji]], [[Singapore]], [[Sri Lanka]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=236599 |title=President al-Assad receives two cables of congratulation from Presidents of Armenia and Sri Lanka on winning presidential elections|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=11 June 2014|access-date=23 April 2019}}</ref> [[Laos]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=150532|title=Lao President receives credentials of Syria's non-resident ambassador|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=6 November 2018 |access-date=23 April 2019}}</ref> [[Myanmar]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=2994 |title=President al-Assad receives congratulatory cables from leaders of Myanmar and Abkhazia|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=5 June 2021|access-date=7 May 2022}}</ref> [[Cambodia]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=156480 |title=King of Cambodia accepts credentials of Mustafa as non-resident Ambassador from Syria to his country|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=24 January 2019|access-date=23 April 2019}}</ref> [[Thailand]],<ref name="cg">{{Cite news |url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=269893|title=President al-Assad receives congratulation cables on occasion of 76th anniversary of Independence Day|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |access-date=7 May 2022|date=20 April 2022}}</ref> [[Philippines]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=240618 |title=Philippines Embassy thanks Syria for its efforts that helped bring back 22 women of its nationals|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=5 July 2021|access-date=7 May 2022}}</ref> [[India]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/9578-india-forming-international-will-to-combat-terrorism-imperative |title=India forming international will to combat terrorism imperative |work=Syria Times |date=22 November 2013 |access-date=9 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriaonline.sy/?f=Details&catid=12&pageid=7947|title=Syrian TV – India stresses need for international will against terrorism|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/world/21658-ahead-with-efforts-to-combat-terrorism-and-for-a-political-solution-to-crisis |title=Ahead with Efforts to Combat Terrorism and for a Political Solution to Crisis |work=Syria Times |date=12 January 2016 |access-date=12 January 2020}}</ref> [[Pakistan]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.syriaonline.sy/index.php?f=Details&catid=12&pageid=5662&g=1 |title=President al-Assad Sends Letter to President of Pakistan Delivered by Mikdad |publisher=Syrian TV |date=29 April 2013 |access-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327180259/http://www.syriaonline.sy/index.php?f=Details&catid=12&pageid=5662&g=1 |archive-date=27 March 2016}}</ref> [[Bangladesh]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=251969|title=Mikdad receives credentials of Subhani as a non-resident Ambassador of Bangladesh|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|date=20 October 2021 |access-date=7 May 2022}}</ref> [[Malaysia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=230108|title=Update-President al- Assad receives cables of congratulation from presidents of Federal Russia, Belarus, UAE, Iran, Abkhazia, Palestine and king of Malaysia on Evacuation day|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=18 April 2021 |access-date=7 May 2022}}</ref> [[Indonesia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/31892-syria-indonesia-discuss-mechanisms-to-develop-parliamentary-relations |title=Syria, Indonesia discuss mechanisms to develop parliamentary relations |work=Syria Times |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=27 July 2017 |archive-date=18 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918034446/http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/31892-syria-indonesia-discuss-mechanisms-to-develop-parliamentary-relations}}</ref> [[Brunei]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=3097 |title=President al-Assad receives congratulation cable from Sultan of Brunei Darussalam on winning presidential elections|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=12 June 2014|access-date=9 October 2015}}</ref> [[Armenia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sana.sy/en/?p=37344 |title=Armenian President: Syria will defeat terrorism |agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=23 April 2015 |access-date=9 October 2015}}</ref> [[Azerbaijan]], [[Kazakhstan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=177699|title=Syria, Kazakhstan discuss means to invigorate relations in different domains  |agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=6 November 2019|access-date=7 May 2022}}</ref> [[Kyrgyzstan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=249270|title=Mikdad discusses with foreign ministers of Venezuela, Kyrgyzstan and Belarus relations and developments|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=24 September 2021|access-date=7 May 2022}}</ref> [[Uzbekistan]],<ref name="cg" /> [[Turkmenistan]],<ref name="cg" /> [[Mongolia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=147232 |title=Mongolian President pleased with Syria's success in clearing most of its territory from terrorism|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=18 September 2018|access-date=7 May 2022}}</ref> [[Tajikistan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=174870|title=Tajikistan to develop ties with Syria at various levels, Tajik envoy says |agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=4 October 2019|access-date=7 May 2022}}</ref> [[Greece]], [[Cyprus]], [[North Macedonia]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Bilateral relations|url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930040551/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310|archive-date=30 September 2011|access-date=3 April 2021|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia}}</ref> [[Czech Republic]], [[Romania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Hungary]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1553061 |title=Hungary to appoint Syria diplomat in thawing of ties |date=11 September 2019}}</ref> [[Serbia]], [[Montenegro]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.me/en/diplomatic-missions/diplomatic-missions-to-montenegro/syria |website=gov.me|access-date=10 May 2022|title=Syria* Diplomatic Missions to Montenegro and visa regimes for citizens of Montenegro}}</ref> [[Vatican City]] and [[Belarus]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/35807-azzam-coveys-message-from-president-al-assad-to-his-belarusian-counterpart-on-bilateral-ties |title=Azzam Coveys Message from President Al-Assad to His Belarusian Counterpart on Bilateral Ties |work=Syria Times |date=5 April 2018 |access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref> Syria was a candidate state of the  [[Eurasian Economic Union]] (EAEU).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1816451|publisher=Arab News|title=Iran wants to join the Eurasian Economic Union – but will Russia allow it?|author=Nikola Miković|date=26 February 2022|access-date=5 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=41638|agency=[[Syrian Arab News Agency]]|date=20 May 2015|access-date=5 May 2022|title=Standard economic model set to evaluate influence of joining the EEU on economic indicators}}</ref>

Syria maintains [[Kurdistan Region–Syria relations|relations]] with autonomous [[Kurdistan Region|Iraqi Kurdistan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Syrian minister to visit Kurdistan Region in bid to boost tourism ties |url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/01082017 |access-date=14 August 2017|agency=Rudaw|date=1 August 2017}}</ref> Syria has not recognized [[Israel]] since the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]. Ba'athist Syria also didn’t have diplomatic relations with [[South Korea]], but the Assad regime had diplomatic relations with [[Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]] (two [[Russian-occupied territories in Georgia]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/37419-syria-south-ossetia-sign-agreement-on-establishing-diplomatic-ties |title=Syria, South Ossetia Sign Agreement on Establishing Diplomatic Ties |work=Syria Times |date=22 July 2018 |access-date=22 July 2018 |archive-date=25 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725180744/http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/37419-syria-south-ossetia-sign-agreement-on-establishing-diplomatic-ties}}</ref>

On 26 February 2023, [[Bashar al-Assad]] met with [[Iraq]]i, [[Jordan]]ian, [[Palestinian]], [[Libya]]n, [[Egypt]]ian and [[United Arab Emirates|Emirati]] lawmakers, as well as representatives from [[Oman]] and [[Lebanon]] after more than a decade of isolation in the region. Arab states contributed significantly to the relief effort after the [[2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake]]. A week before, Al-Assad travelled to Oman for his first foreign visit since the quake.<ref name="aljazeera.com">{{Cite web |title=Syria's Assad meets senior Arab lawmakers in Damascus |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/26/syrias-assad-meets-senior-arab-lawmakers-in-damascus |access-date=27 February 2023 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> [[Syrian–Turkish normalization]] was also underway since 2022. On 7 May 2023, following these rapprochements, Syria was readmitted to the [[Arab League]].<ref name=":1" /> While the earthquake facilitated these rapprochements, the main reasons for the readmission were the Syrian refugees in neighboring countries and the [[Captagon]] trafficking, two issues that needed Syrias involvement for being solved.<ref name=":1" />

===Post Ba'athist era===
Since the fall of the Assad regime in 2024, it is unclear whether the new [[Syrian caretaker government|transitional government]] retained all of Ba'athist Syria's diplomatic relations. However, Turkey became the first country to re-establish diplomatic relations with post-Assad Syria, doing so on 14 December 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2024 |title=Turkey appoints charge d'affaires at its embassy in Damascus |url=https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2024/12/turkey-appoints-charge-daffaires-at-its-embassy-in-damascus/ |access-date=24 December 2024}}</ref> In December 2024, Qatar also re-established diplomatic relations with Syria.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 December 2024 |title=Qatar Announces Resumption of Embassy Operations in Syria from Tuesday |url=https://mofa.gov.qa/en/qatar/latest-articles/latest-news/details/2024/12/15/qatar-announces-resumption-of-embassy-operations-in-syria-from-tuesday |access-date=15 December 2024}}</ref>

In April 2025, [[Saudi Arabia]] increased its engagement with [[Syria]] by planning to pay off Syria's $15 million debt to the World Bank, potentially allowing Syria to receive grants for reconstruction efforts under its new government led by [[Ahmed al-Sharaa]], who seized power in December 2024. The international community is cautiously observing al-Sharaa's government, particularly regarding its commitment to protecting religious minorities, though this move by Saudi Arabia signals a new level of diplomatic and economic engagement with the Syrian government after years of strained relations. In addition, other Gulf Arab states have announced plans to support Syria as well.<ref>{{Cite web |last=commsmanager |date=2025-04-15 |title=Saudi Arabia Increases Engagement with Syria |url=https://www.persecution.org/2025/04/15/saudi-arabia-increases-engagement-with-syria/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=International Christian Concern |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Diplomatic relations==
List of countries which Syria maintains diplomatic relations with:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="3" |[[File:Diplomatic relations of Syria.svg|frameless|425x425px]]
|-
!#
!Country
!Date
|-
|1
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|{{dts|9 February 1942}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE LONDON GAZETTE, 16 JUNE, 1942 |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35598/page/2652/data.pdf |access-date=13 July 2023 |page=2652}}</ref>{{failed verification|reason=The source does not state when Lebanon and the United Kingdom established diplomatic relations.|date=November 2025}}
|-
|2
|{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|{{dts|26 June 1944}}<ref name="auto34">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/syria-from-foreign-office-files/FO%20501_1/page/27/mode/1up?q=ambassador+credence+Lebanon |title=Heads of Foreign Missions in Syria, 1947 |publisher=Syria from Foreign Office files 1947–1956 |year=1947 |pages=33 |access-date=30 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|3
|{{Flag|Russia}}
|{{dts|21 July 1944}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Soviet Foreign Policy: 1945–1980 |publisher=Progress Publishers |year=1981 |pages=642–681}}</ref>
|-
|4
|{{Flag|United States}}
|{{dts|17 November 1944}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Countries |url=https://history.state.gov/countries/all |access-date=12 November 2021 |website=Office of the Historian}}</ref>
|-
|5
|{{Flag|Egypt}}
|{{dts|1944}}<ref name="auto44">{{Cite book |title=World Biography – Volume 1 |publisher=Institute for Research in Biography |year=1947 |pages=180}}</ref>
|-
|6
|{{Flag|Poland}}
|{{dts|18 September 1945}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=Dyplomacja polska w XX wieku|publisher=Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie|year=2006|pages=126–132}}</ref>
|-
|7
|{{Flag|Chile}}
|{{dts|22 October 1945}}<ref name="auto54">{{Cite web |title=CHILE: Relaciones bilaterales de Chile con el Mundo Árabe |url=http://www.arabe.cl/embajadas.html |access-date=12 September 2023 |website=arabe.cl |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|8
|{{Flag|Iraq}}
|{{dts|8 November 1945}}<ref name="auto40">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/syria-from-foreign-office-files/FO%20501_1/page/28/mode/1up?q=ambassador+credence+Lebanon |title=Heads of Foreign Missions in Syria, 1947 |publisher=Syria from Foreign Office files 1947–1956 |year=1947 |pages=34 |access-date=30 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|9
|{{Flag|Brazil}}
|{{dts|13 November 1945}}<ref name="auto41">{{Cite web |title=Cria uma Legação nas Repúblicas do Líbano e da Síria. Decreto nº 19.901, de 13 de Novembro de 1945 |url=https://www.lexml.gov.br/urn/urn:lex:br:federal:decreto:1945-11-13;19901 |access-date=12 September 2023 |website=lexml.gov.br |language=pt}}</ref><ref name="auto20">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.br/mre/en/subjects/bilateral-relations/all-countries/syrian-arabic-republic|website=Ministério das Relações Exteriores|title=Syrian Arab Republic|access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|10
|{{Flag|Argentina}}
|{{dts|23 November 1945}}<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web |title=Acuerdo por Canje de Notas entre la República Argentina y la República de Siria sobre Establecimiento de Relaciones Diplomáticas |url=https://tratados.cancilleria.gob.ar/tratado_ficha.php?id=lKSilQ== |access-date=27 April 2023 |website=Biblioteca Digital de Tratados |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|11
|{{Flag|Turkey}}
|{{dts|8 March 1946}}<ref name="auto22">{{Cite web |date=9 March 1946 |title=Turkey Accepts Syria, Lebanon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1946/03/09/archives/turkey-accepts-syria-lebanon.html |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>
|-
|12
|{{Flag|Belgium}}
|{{dts|20 March 1946}}<ref name="auto29">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5COZpi0FlzAC&dq=nomme+Charge+d%27Affaires+Belgique+en+Syrie+Taymans&pg=PA3990 |title=Belgisch staatsblad, Issues 121–150 |date=23 December 2023 |publisher=1946 |pages=3990 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|13
|{{Flag|Switzerland}}
|{{dts|7 May 1946}}<ref name="auto40" />
|-
|14
|{{Flag|Serbia}}
|{{dts|18 May 1946}}<ref name="auto40" />
|-
|15
|{{Flag|Venezuela}}
|{{dts|14 June 1946}}<ref name="auto25">{{Cite book |title=Libro amarillo correspondiente al año ...: presentado al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias de ... por el titular despacho |publisher=Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores |year=2003 |pages=529 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|16
|{{Flag|France}}
|{{dts|18 June 1946}}<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945 |url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/maep0035-0120_cle8a5377.pdf |journal=Diplomatie.gouv.fr |language=fr |access-date=15 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
|17
|{{Flag|Philippines}}
|{{dts|4 September 1946}}<ref name="DFAGovPH-Syria">{{cite web |title=SYRIA |url=https://dfa.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12123&Itemid=969 |website=Department of Foreign Affairs |access-date=1 June 2020 |archive-date=18 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518162543/https://dfa.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12123&Itemid=969}}</ref>
|-
|18
|{{Flag|Czech Republic}}
|{{dts|20 September 1946}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Petruf |first=Pavol |title=Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 |pages=99–119 |language=sk}}</ref>
|-
|19
|{{Flag|Uruguay}}
|{{dts|11 October 1946}}<ref name="auto11">{{Cite book |title=Diario de sesiones de la Asamblea General de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay Vol. 24. |year=1947 |pages=57 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|20
|{{Flag|Iran}}
|{{dts|12 November 1946}}<ref name="auto40" />
|-
|21
|{{Flag|Greece}}
|{{dts|24 June 1947}}<ref name="auto40" />
|-
|22
|{{Flag|Sweden}}
|{{dts|24 June 1947}}<ref name="auto40" />
|-
|23
|{{Flag|Italy}}
|{{dts|27 September 1947}}<ref name="auto30">{{Cite web |title=I Documenti Diplomatici Italiani Decima Serie: 1943–1948 Volume VI (31 maggio – 14 dicembre 1947) |url=https://www.farnesina.ipzs.it/series/DECIMA%20SERIE/volumi/VOLUME%20%20VI |access-date=1 October 2023 |page=1021 |language=it}}</ref>
|-
|24
|{{Flag|Spain}}
|{{dts|3 April 1948}}<ref name="auto45">{{Cite book |first=Alberto J. |last=Lleonart y Amsélem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IUAunKgbevYC&dq=Siria+y+Espana+establecimiento+relaciones+diplomaticas+3+Abril+1948&pg=PA378 |title=España y ONU. La Cuestión española. Tomo III (1948–49). Estudios introductivos y corpus documental, Volume 3 |publisher=CSIC Press |year=1985 |pages=378 | isbn=9788400060695 |language=es |access-date=18 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="auto57">{{Cite web |title=Relaciones diplomáticas del Estado Espaniol |url=https://www.raco.cat/index.php/AnuarioCIDOB/article/download/33281/85107/ |access-date=23 July 2022 |page=307 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|25
|{{Flag|Afghanistan|2013}}
|{{dts|2 August 1948}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/syria-from-foreign-office-files/FO%20501_3/page/58/mode/2up |title=Further correspondence respecting Syria part 3: January to December 1949 |pages=58 |access-date=30 April 2025}}</ref>
|-
|26
|{{Flag|Norway}}
|{{dts|11 August 1948}}<ref>{{cite web |date=27 April 1999 |title=Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater |url=https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/protokoll/diplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=regjeringen.no |language=no}}</ref>
|-
|27
|{{Flag|Jordan}}
|{{dts|1948}}<ref name="auto18">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7oFCAAAAYAAJ&dq=Syria:+Omar+Zaki+Bey+Minister+of+Transjordan+...&pg=PA292 |title=The Middle East Volume 1 |publisher=Europa Publications |year=1948 |pages=292 |access-date=25 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
|28
|{{Flag|Ethiopia}}
|{{dts|31 July 1949}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/syria-from-foreign-office-files/FO%20501_4/page/27/mode/2up |title=Further correspondence respecting Syria part 4: January to December 1950 |pages=28 |access-date=30 April 2025}}</ref>
|-
|29
|{{Flag|Pakistan}}
|{{dts|December 1949}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Diplomacy - Ministry of Foreign Affairs |url=https://mofa.gov.pk/damascus-public-diplomacy#:~:text=Pakistan%20and%20Syria%20have%20Parliamentary,formally%20established%20in%20December%2C%201949. |website=Embassy of Pakistan Damascus - Syria |access-date=1 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
|30
|{{Flag|Indonesia}}
|{{dts|27 February 1950}}<ref name="jordantimes">{{Cite web |date=26 February 2020 |title=70 years of Indonesia – Jordan relations towards a genuine and solid partnership |url=https://jordantimes.com/opinion/andy-rachmianto/70-years-indonesia-%E2%80%93-jordan-relations-towards-genuine-and-solid-partnership |website=The Jordan Times |access-date=9 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
|31
|{{Flag|India}}
|{{dts|May 1950}}<ref name="auto42">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tX-lxdyvQPoC&dq=Dr.+A.A.A.+Fyzee+,+Ambassador+of+India+in+Egypt+,+has+been+concurrently+accredited+as+India%27s+Minister+to+Syria&pg=RA7-PA6 |title=India News Bulletin |publisher=Embassy of India |year=1950 |pages=6 |access-date=30 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|32
|{{Flag|Mexico}}
|{{dts|20 August 1950}}<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=COMISIONES UNIDAS DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES V DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES, ÁFRICA. |url=https://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-21-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Emb_Egipto.pdf |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|33
|{{Flag|Netherlands}}
|{{dts|24 January 1952}}<ref name="auto9">{{Cite book |title=British Documents on Foreign Affairs—reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Arabia, The Lebanon, Israel, Syria, Jordan and General, 1952 |publisher=LexisNexis |year=2006 |pages=311}}</ref>
|-
|34
|{{Flag|Austria}}
|{{dts|7 February 1952}}<ref name="auto9"/>
|-
|35
|{{Flag|Germany}}
|{{dts|14 October 1952}}<ref name="auto31">{{Cite web |title=Syrien: Überblick |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/service/laender/syrien-node/syrien/204260 |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=Auswärtiges Amt |language=de}}</ref>
|-
|—
|{{Flag|Holy See}}
|{{dts|21 February 1953}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations of the Holy See |url=https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/diplomatic-relations-of-the-holy-see.php |access-date=5 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
|36
|{{Flag|Finland}}
|{{dts|22 May 1953}}<ref name="auto36">{{Cite web |title=Finland and Syria |url=https://finlandabroad.fi/web/syr/finland-and-syria#:~:text=Diplomatic%20relations%20established%20on%2022%20May%201953. |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=finlandabroad.fi}}</ref>
|-
|37
|{{Flag|Luxembourg}}
|{{dts|24 July 1953}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulletin d'information 1953 (Mai-Juin-Juillet) |url=https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/bulletin/1953/BID_1953_5-6-7/BID_1953_5-6-7.pdf |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=sip.gouvernement.lu |page=97 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|38
|{{Flag|Denmark}}
|{{dts|10 December 1953}}<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/syria-from-foreign-office-files/FO%20501_8/page/21/mode/2up |title=Further correspondence respecting Syria part 8: January to December 1954 |pages=36 |access-date=30 April 2025}}</ref>
|-
|39
|{{Flag|Japan}}
|{{dts|December 1953}}<ref name="auto53">{{Cite web |title=Political Relations |url=https://www.sy.emb-japan.go.jp/summary.htm |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=Embassy of Japan in the Syrian Arab Republic |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716170229/https://www.sy.emb-japan.go.jp/summary.htm}}</ref>
|-
|40
|{{Flag|Hungary}}
|{{dts|13 May 1954}}<ref name=":3" />
|-
|41
|{{Flag|Bulgaria}}
|{{dts|24 August 1954}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878–2005) |url=http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.doc |language=bg}}</ref>
|-
|42
|{{Flag|Romania}}
|{{dts|9 August 1955}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations of Romania |url=https://www.mae.ro/en/node/2187 |website=Ministerul Afacerilor Externe |access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
|43
|{{Flag|Thailand}}
|{{dts|10 January 1956}}<ref name="auto10">{{Cite web |title=สาธารณรัฐอาหรับซีเรีย (MFA Thailand in Thai) |url=https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content/5d5bcc1b15e39c3060009fc4?cate=5d5bcb4e15e39c3060006870 |access-date=8 June 2023 |archive-date=9 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609003057/https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content/5d5bcc1b15e39c3060009fc4?cate=5d5bcb4e15e39c3060006870 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|44
|{{Flag|Morocco}}
|{{dts|2 June 1956}}<ref name="Middle East Institute">{{Cite book |title=The Middle East Journal – Volumes 10–11 |publisher=Middle East Institute |year=1956 |pages=423}}</ref>
|-
|45
|{{Flag|Tunisia}}
|{{dts|2 June 1956}}<ref name="Middle East Institute" />
|-
|46
|{{Flag|China}}
|{{dts|1 August 1956}}<ref name="auto47">{{Cite web |date=22 September 2023 |title=67 years passed and the Syrian Chinese ties towards greater hardness and strength |url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=317269 |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=SANA (Syrian Arab News Agency)}}</ref>
|-
|47
|{{Flag|Sudan}}
|{{dts|28 January 1957}}<ref name="auto16">{{Cite book |title=Sudan Almanac |publisher=Republic of the Sudan |year=1957 |pages=50}}</ref>
|-
|48
|{{Flag|Malaysia}}
|{{dts|1958}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senarai tarikh penubuhan hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan negara – negara luar |url=https://www.data.gov.my/data/dataset/30411e5d-8c25-47fb-940e-0d51149afe20/resource/fc684f56-c8bb-4f65-ab65-8eb5e68c9b5d/download/01-tarikh-penubuhan-hubungan-diplomatik-malaysia.xlsx |access-date=13 November 2021 |language=ms |archive-date=13 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113141021/https://www.data.gov.my/data/dataset/30411e5d-8c25-47fb-940e-0d51149afe20/resource/fc684f56-c8bb-4f65-ab65-8eb5e68c9b5d/download/01-tarikh-penubuhan-hubungan-diplomatik-malaysia.xlsx |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|49
|{{Flag|Cyprus}}
|{{dts|25 October 1960}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts 206–210 |publisher=United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service |year=1960 |pages=17}}</ref>
|-
|50
|{{Flag|Algeria}}
|{{dts|27 August 1962}}<ref name="auto52">{{Cite book |title=Mideast Mirror |publisher=1962 |pages=18}}</ref>
|-
|51
|{{Flag|Kuwait}}
|{{dts|24 October 1963}}<ref name="auto17">{{Cite web |date=24 October 2005 |title=Today in Kuwait's History, October 24, 2005 |url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=1583143&language=en |access-date=11 May 2023 |website=Kuwait News Agency (KUNA)}}</ref>
|-
|52
|{{Flag|Libya}}
|{{dts|1963}}<ref name="LY63">{{Cite book |title=The Middle East 1963 |publisher=Europa Publications Limited, London |pages=380}}</ref>
|-
|53
|{{Flag|Benin}}
|{{dts|29 November 1964}}<ref name="dailyreport">{{Cite book |title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 233–234 |publisher=United States. Central Intelligence Agency |year=1964}}</ref>
|-
|54
|{{Flag|Cameroon}}
|{{dts|29 November 1964}}<ref name="dailyreport" />
|-
|55
|{{Flag|Guinea}}
|{{dts|29 November 1964}}<ref name="dailyreport" />
|-
|56
|{{Flag|Mali}}
|{{dts|29 November 1964}}<ref name="dailyreport" />
|-
|57
|{{Flag|Sierra Leone}}
|{{dts|29 November 1964}}<ref name="dailyreport" />
|-
|58
|{{Flag|Somalia}}
|{{dts|13 December 1964}}<ref name="auto28">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6UpDfoCbSLQC&dq=Somalia+and+Syria+have+agreed+to+establish+diplomatic+relations&pg=RA5-PA10 |title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts – Issues 243–244 |publisher=United States. Central Intelligence Agency |year=1964 |pages=10}}</ref>
|-
|59
|{{Flag|Costa Rica}}
|{{dts|15 December 1964}}<ref name="auto46">{{Cite book |title=Memoria del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto presentada a la Asamblea Legislativa por el ... Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto |publisher=Costa Rica. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto |year=1962 |pages=110 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|60
|{{Flag|Senegal}}
|{{dts|21 January 1965}}<ref name="auto48">{{Cite book |title=Bulletin de l'Afrique noire – Issues 355–366 |publisher=La Documentation africaine |year=1965 |language=fr |quote=... Etablissement de relations diplomatiques entre la Syrie et le Sénégal}}</ref>
|-
|61
|{{Flag|Canada}}
|{{dts|20 May 1965}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Linwood |first=DeLong |date=January 2020 |title=A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925–2019 |url=https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019 |access-date=26 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|62
|{{Flag|Yemen}}
|{{dts|23 May 1965}}<ref name="auto19">{{Cite book |title=Cahiers de l'Institut d'études de l'Orient contemporain Volumes 22–23, Issues 57–63 |publisher=G. P. Maisonneuve. |year=1965 |pages=305 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|63
|{{Flag|Cuba}}
|{{dts|11 August 1965}}<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.plenglish.com/news/2022/08/13/syria-and-cuba-57-years-of-historic-relations/ |title=Syria and Cuba, 57 years of historic relations (+Photos) |access-date=19 May 2023 |date=13 August 2022 |publisher=Prensa Latina}}</ref>
|-
|64
|{{Flag|Nigeria}}
|{{dts|30 September 1965}}<ref name="auto5">{{Cite book |title=Africa Research Bulletin |publisher=Blackwell |year=1965 |pages=371}}</ref>
|-
|65
|{{Flag|Mauritania}}
|{{dts|11 June 1966}}<ref name="auto26">{{Cite book |first=Mokhtar Ould |last=Daddah |title=La Mauritanie contre vents et marées |publisher=Karthala |year=2003 |pages=520 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|66
|{{Flag|Vietnam}}
|{{dts|21 July 1966}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2010 |title=Asia |url=https://lamdong.gov.vn/sites/lderd/operationnotes/countriesandregions/SitePages/asia.aspx |access-date=29 April 2023 |publisher=Government of Vietnam}}</ref>
|-
|67
|{{Flag|North Korea}}
|{{dts|25 July 1966}}<ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=DPRK Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |access-date=14 July 2022 |publisher=NCNK |pages=8–9 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|68
|{{Flag|Niger}}
|{{dts|13 September 1966}}<ref name="G.P. Maisonneuve">{{Cite book |title=Cahiers de l'Orient contemporain Volume 23 |publisher=G.P. Maisonneuve |year=1966 |pages=45 |language=fr |quote=... 13 septembre ETABLISSEMENT DE RELATIONS DIPLOMATIQUES , au rang d'ambassade , avec la Tanzanie et le Niger ( Ba'th , 14 septembre )}}</ref>
|-
|69
|{{Flag|Tanzania}}
|{{dts|13 September 1966}}<ref name="G.P. Maisonneuve" />
|-
|70
|{{Flag|Mongolia}}
|{{dts|31 July 1967}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2020 |title=Diplomatic and Consular List |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mn/old/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/diplist-2020-draft-20200729.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221024739/http://www.mfa.gov.mn/old/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/diplist-2020-draft-20200729.pdf |archive-date=21 February 2022 |access-date=13 February 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia |pages=4–8}}</ref>
|-
|71
|{{Flag|Sri Lanka}}
|{{dts|10 May 1969}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations |url=https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |access-date=10 July 2022 |archive-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321072720/https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|72
|{{Flag|Zambia}}
|{{dts|15 May 1969}}<ref name="auto15">{{Cite book |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service |year=1969 |pages=4}}</ref>
|-
|73
|{{Flag|Albania}}
|{{dts|27 May 1969}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=ARR Arab Report and Record |publisher=Economic Features, Limited |year=1969 |pages=210 |quote=A joint communique released on 27 May stated that Syria and the Albanian People's Republic had agreed to establish full diplomatic relations.}}</ref>
|-
|74
|{{Flag|Chad}}
|{{dts|16 August 1969}}<ref name="auto24">{{Cite book |title=Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 3118–3192 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service |year=1969}}</ref>
|-
|75
|{{Flag|Nepal}}
|{{dts|26 February 1970}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://mofa.gov.np/foreign-policy/bilateral-relation/ |access-date=25 June 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816132805/https://mofa.gov.np/foreign-policy/bilateral-relation/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|76
|{{Flag|Mauritius}}
|{{dts|22 May 1970}}<ref name="auto35">{{Cite book |title=Chronologie politique africaine Volume 11 |publisher=Centre d'étude des relations internationales |year=1970 |pages=23 |language=fr |quote=22 mai – Etablissement de relations diplomatiques au niveau des ambassades entre la Syrie et Maurice, selon un communiqué syrien.}}</ref>
|-
|77
|{{Flag|Malta}}
|{{dts|1970}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2009 |title=Talks Between deputy prime minister and Syrian high officials: Stability and security in the Mediterranean on the agenda |url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2009-04-15/news/talks-between-deputy-prime-minister-and-syrian-high-officials-stability-and-security-in-the-mediterranean-on-the-agenda-223302/ |access-date=11 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|78
|{{Flag|Rwanda}}
|{{dts|10 February 1971}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iBUsAQAAIAAJ&q=Diplomatic+:+The+UAR+and+Rwanda+are+to+establish+diplomatic+relations+at+embassy+level+(+Tass+in+English+20.54+GMT+10.2.71+) |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service |year=1971 |pages=6}}</ref>
|-
|79
|{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
|{{dts|11 January 1972}}<ref name="auto13">{{Cite book |title=Trinidad and Tobago Gazette Volume 12, Issues 1–172 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1973 |pages=176}}</ref>
|-
|80
|{{Flag|Qatar}}
|{{dts|19 January 1972}}<ref name="Economic Features, Limited">{{Cite book |title=ARR: Arab Report and Record |publisher=Economic Features, Limited, 1972 |pages=38}}</ref>
|-
|81
|{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|{{dts|19 January 1972}}<ref name="Economic Features, Limited" />
|-
|82
|{{Flag|Burundi}}
|{{dts|April 1972}}<ref name="auto27">{{Cite web |title=Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1973. Выпуск семнадцатый. Зарубежные страны: Мексика-Япония |url=https://istmat.org/files/uploads/43876/6_meksika-yaponiya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623180213/https://istmat.org/files/uploads/43876/6_meksika-yaponiya.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2023 |access-date=2 March 2024 |page=374 |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|83
|{{Flag|Myanmar}}
|{{dts|15 June 1972}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Diplomatic relations |url=http://myanmarbsb.org/_site/diplomatic-relations/ |access-date=13 May 2022 |archive-date=12 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712174127/http://myanmarbsb.org/_site/diplomatic-relations/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|84
|{{Flag|Uganda}}
|{{dts|28 June 1972}}<ref name="auto43">{{Cite book |title=News Review on West Asia |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |year=1972 |pages=23}}</ref>
|-
|85
|{{Flag|Guyana}}
|{{dts|19 June 1973}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Diplomatic relations |url=http://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216065040/https://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/ |archive-date=16 February 2019 |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
|86
|{{Flag|Bangladesh}}
|{{dts|14 September 1973}}<ref name="auto39">{{Cite book |title=ARR: Arab Report and Record |publisher=Economic Features, Limited |year=1973 |pages=11}}</ref>
|-
|87
|{{Flag|Bahrain}}
|{{dts|23 January 1975}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505195337/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |archive-date=5 May 2012 |access-date=15 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|88
|{{Flag|Portugal}}
|{{dts|19 February 1975}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Países |work=Portal Diplomático |url=https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/relacoesbilaterais/paises |access-date=2 July 2022 |language=pt}}</ref>
|-
|89
|{{flag|Australia}}
|{{dts|12 May 1975}}<ref name="auto51">{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.mq.edu.au/research/centres_and_groups/centre_for_middle_east_north_african_studies/research/materials/the_legacy_of_suez/chapter_2/ |first=Pierre |last=Hutton |year=1996 |title=The Legacy of Suez |chapter=Chapter 2: Iraq, Syria and Jordan |publisher=Macquarie University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118225836/http://www.mq.edu.au/research/centres_and_groups/centre_for_middle_east_north_african_studies/research/materials/the_legacy_of_suez/chapter_2/ |archive-date=18 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
|90
|{{Flag|Gabon}}
|{{dts|18 July 1975}}<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite book |title=Middle East Economic Digest Volume 19 |publisher=1975 |pages=10}}</ref>
|-
|91
|{{Flag|Ireland}}
|{{dts|18 July 1975}}<ref name="ReferenceA" />
|-
|92
|{{Flag|Mozambique}}
|{{dts|5 August 1975}}<ref name="auto49">{{Cite book |title=ARR: Arab Report and Record. |publisher=Economic Features, Limited |year=1975 |pages=448}}</ref>
|-
|93
|{{Flag|Peru}}
|{{dts|16 August 1975}}<ref name="auto50">{{Cite book |title=Revista de política internacional – Issues 140–142 |publisher=Centro de Estudios Constitucionales |year=1975 |pages=319 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|94
|{{Flag|Comoros}}
|{{dts|25 November 1975}}<ref name="auto23">{{Cite book |title=Africa Research Bulletin |publisher=Blackwell |year=1975 |pages=3841}}</ref>
|-
|95
|{{Flag|Panama}}
|{{dts|17 February 1976}}<ref name="SyrPan">{{cite web |title=RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ |url=http://www.mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806131148/https://mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2020 |access-date=30 November 2021 |page=195}}</ref>
|-
|96
|{{Flag|Suriname}}
|{{dts|19 May 1976}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten |url=http://www.gov.sr/media/12102008/lijst-van-diplomatieke-betrekkingen-en-visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416134520/http://www.gov.sr/media/12102008/lijst-van-diplomatieke-betrekkingen-en-visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2019 |access-date=22 December 2021 |website=gov.sr |language=nl}}</ref>
|-
|97
|{{Flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|{{dts|10 February 1977}}<ref name="auto8">{{Cite book |title=ARR: Arab Report and Record |publisher=Economic Features, Limited |year=1977 |pages=95}}</ref>
|-
|98
|{{Flag|Djibouti}}
|{{dts|June 1977}}<ref name="auto33">{{Cite web |title=Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1978. Выпуск двадцать второй. Зарубежные страны в 1977 |url=https://istmat.org/files/uploads/42940/3_zarubezhnye_strany_v_1977.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624020625/https://istmat.org/files/uploads/42940/3_zarubezhnye_strany_v_1977.pdf |archive-date=24 June 2023 |access-date=7 March 2024 |page=353 |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|99
|{{Flag|Grenada}}
|{{dts|23 January 1980}}<ref name="auto4">{{Cite book |title=Daily Report Middle East & North Africa. Index · Volume 2, Issues 1–2 |publisher=United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service |year=1979 |pages=108}}</ref>
|-
|100
|{{Flag|Maldives}}
|{{dts|1981}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2023 |title=Countries with which the Republic of Maldives has established Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.gov.mv/en/files/dpl-full-country-list-as-of-11-may-2023--8993.pdf |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629032804/https://www.gov.mv/en/files/dpl-full-country-list-as-of-11-may-2023--8993.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|101
|{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|{{dts|18 April 1983}}<ref>{{cite web |author=Government of Antigua and Barbuda |title=Chronology of Antigua and Barbudas Bilateral relations |url=http://www.un.int/antigua/bilachro.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117180614/http://www.un.int/antigua/bilachro.htm |archive-date=17 January 2012 |access-date=24 February 2011}}</ref>
|-
|102
|{{Flag|Oman}}
|{{dts|19 December 1987}}<ref name="OMN87">{{Cite web |last=Joseph A. Kechichian |title=Countries with which Oman has diplomatic relations |url=http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/2007/MR680.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022025822/http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/2007/MR680.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2014 |access-date=24 November 2023 |website=Oman and the World The emergence of an independent foreign policy |pages=319–322}}</ref>
|-
|103
|{{Flag|Colombia}}
|{{dts|24 May 1988}}<ref name="auto14">{{Cite web |title=República Árabe de Siria |url=https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/en/node/8187 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=gov.co |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|—
|{{Flag|State of Palestine}}
|{{dts|22 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Daily Report, Near East & South Asia, 5 (2) |publisher=NewsBank |year=1993 |pages=772}}</ref>
|-
|104
|{{Flag|Armenia}}
|{{dts|6 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=30th anniversary of establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Armenia and the Syrian Arab Republic |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/press-releases/2022/03/06/arm-sy/11330 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia}}</ref>
|-
|105
|{{Flag|Uzbekistan}}
|{{dts|24 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=States with Which the Republic of Uzbekistan Established Diplomatic Relations |url=https://2014-2024.mfa.uz/en/pages/strani-kotoriye-uzbekistan-ustanovil-diplomaticheskiye-otnosheniya |website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Uzbekistan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan]] |access-date=6 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
|106
|{{Flag|Turkmenistan}}
|{{dts|26 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=STATES WITH WHICH TURKMENISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |access-date=17 March 2022 |archive-date=8 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508101911/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|107
|{{Flag|Kazakhstan}}
|{{dts|27 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан |url=http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220233503/http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |archive-date=20 February 2020 |access-date=30 April 2022 |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|108
|{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
|{{dts|28 March 1992}}<ref name="auto37">{{Cite web |title=Syrian Arab Republic |url=https://www.mfa.gov.az/en/category/asia-and-oceania/syrian-arab-republic |access-date=27 April 2023 |website=Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
|-
|109
|{{Flag|Tajikistan}}
|{{dts|29 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2023/12/dip-otnosheniya-English06-12-2023.pdf |access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
|110
|{{Flag|Ukraine}}
|{{dts|31 March 1992}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://syria.mfa.gov.ua/en/ukraine-sy/diplomacy |title=Political dialogue between Ukraine and Syria – Embassy of Ukraine in Syrian Arab Republic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217142318/https://syria.mfa.gov.ua/en/ukraine-sy/diplomacy|archive-date=17 February 2019|website=mfa.gov.ua}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2025 |title=Today, Ukraine and Syria signed a Joint Communiqué on the restoration of diplomatic relations. We welcome this important step and are ready to support the Syrian people on their path to stability. |url=https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1970958040623968283 |access-date=24 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
|111
|{{Flag|Slovakia}}
|{{dts|1 January 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Štáty a teritóriá |url=https://www.mzv.sk/staty |access-date=26 May 2023 |language=sk}}</ref>
|-style="background:#D3D3D3"
|—
|{{Flag|Georgia}} (terminated)
|{{dts|18 May 1993}}<ref name="mfa_gov_ge">{{cite web|title=Bilateral Relations between Georgia and the Syrian Arab Republic|url=http://www.mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90.aspx|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia)]]|access-date=16 April 2019|archive-date=12 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612054751/http://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90.aspx}}</ref>
|-
|112
|{{Flag|Estonia}}
|{{dts|19 May 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2018 |title=Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia |url=https://www.vm.ee/rahvusvaheline-suhtlus-uleilmne-eestlus/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete |access-date=26 October 2022 |language=et}}</ref>
|-
|113
|{{Flag|Moldova}}
|{{dts|20 May 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bilateral relations|url=https://mfa.gov.md/en/content/republic-afghanistan|access-date=31 July 2021|website=MFA Moldova|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624002439/https://mfa.gov.md/en/content/republic-afghanistan|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|114
|{{Flag|Latvia}}
|{{dts|25 May 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2021 |title=Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations |access-date=5 October 2022 |website=mfa.gov.lv}}</ref>
|-
|115
|{{Flag|Lithuania}}
|{{dts|25 May 1993}}<ref>{{cite web|title=List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations|url=https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations|url-status=live|access-date=10 January 2022|archive-date=10 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110123939/https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations}}</ref>
|-
|116
|{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|{{dts|28 May 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения |url=https://mfa.gov.kg/kg/osnovnoe-menyu/vneshnyaya-politika/mezhdunarodnye-dogovory/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-ustanovleny-dipotnosheniya/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-kr-ustanovil-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya |access-date=10 October 2021 |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|117
|{{Flag|Belarus}}
|{{dts|26 August 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cooperation in Political Sphere|url=https://syria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=2 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802051635/https://syria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|118
|{{Flag|Eritrea}}
|{{dts|22 April 1994}}<ref name="auto7">{{Cite book|title=Eritrea Update, June 1994|publisher=Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada|pages=Page 3}}</ref>
|-
|119
|{{Flag|South Africa}}
|{{dts|1 June 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations (country profiles listed alphabetically) |url=https://www.dirco.gov.za/bilateral-relations/ |access-date=23 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
|120
|{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|{{dts|1 December 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa |url=https://mvp.gov.ba/vanjska_politika_bih/bilateralni_odnosi/datumi_priznanja_i_uspostave_diplomatskih_odnosa/?id=6 |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina |language=bs}}</ref>
|-
|121
|{{Flag|Slovenia}}
|{{dts|25 August 1997}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Đogić |first=Mojca Pristavec |date=September 2016 |title=Priznanja samostojne Slovenije |url=https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |access-date=11 July 2023 |language=sl |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426044554/https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|122
|{{Flag|Croatia}}
|{{dts|29 August 1997}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Bilateral relations – Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations|url=https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800|access-date=5 February 2022|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia}}</ref>
|-
|123
|{{Flag|Ecuador}}
|{{dts|7 December 1997}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Embajadas y Consulados del Ecuador en el Exterior |url=http://www.mmrree.gov.ec/mre/documentos/representaciones/en%20el%20pais/s_ec.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040423004602/http://www.mmrree.gov.ec/mre/documentos/representaciones/en%20el%20pais/s_ec.htm |archive-date=23 April 2004 |access-date=23 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
|124
|{{flag|Angola}}
|{{dts|10 February 1999}}<ref name="UNDL">{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Syrian Arab Republic and ... |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic+relations+between+Syrian+Arab+Republic+and+...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&action_search=Search&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United+Nations+Digital+Library+System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 |access-date=9 September 2023 |publisher=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref>
|-
|125
|{{Flag|Nicaragua}}
|{{dts|14 February 1999}}<ref name="Nic99">{{Cite web |year=2004 |title=Memoria del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores 2002 |url=https://www.enriquebolanos.org/media/informe/Memoria%20MINREX%202002.pdf |access-date=21 July 2023 |pages=657–667 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|126
|{{flag|Belize}}
|{{dts|28 August 2001}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|-
|127
|{{Flag|Brunei}}
|{{dts|31 August 2002}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2002 |title=Brunei - Syria buka lembaran sejarah |url=https://www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn/Arkib%20Dokumen/2002/18%20SEPTEMBER%202002.pdf |access-date=20 September 2025 |website=Pelita Brunei |page=16 |language=ms |quote=Negara Brunei Darussalam menjalin hubungan diplomatik dengan Kerajaan Republik Arab Syria pada 31 Ogos yang lepas.}}</ref>
|-
|128
|{{flag|Iceland}}
|{{dts|6 May 2004}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|-
|129
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|{{dts|13 December 2004}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|-
|130
|{{flag|Laos}}
|{{dts|22 December 2004}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|-
|131
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|{{dts|5 December 2006}}<ref name="auto55">{{Cite web |title=Order of Precedence among Heads of Diplomatic Missions as at 1 November 2006 |url=http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Embassies/Precedence.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061216120029/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Embassies/Precedence.php |archive-date=16 December 2006 |access-date=18 November 2023 |website=New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade}}</ref>
|-
|132
|{{Flag|Kenya}}
|{{dts|23 April 2007}}<ref name="auto21">{{Cite web |title=Directory of Diplomatic Corps and International Organizations 2016/2017 |url=https://ifs02.du.edu/Client/Diplomatic/Diplomatic%20Services/Archive/Diplomatic%20Lists/2017%20Kenya.pdf |access-date=27 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Kenya |page=8 |archive-date=27 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127201542/https://ifs02.du.edu/Client/Diplomatic/Diplomatic%20Services/Archive/Diplomatic%20Lists/2017%20Kenya.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|133
|{{Flag|Dominican Republic}}
|{{dts|28 September 2007}}<ref name="auto38">{{Cite web|url=https://www.diariolibre.com/actualidad/rd-formaliza-relaciones-diplomticas-con-siria-CMDL152220|title=RD formaliza relaciones diplomáticas con Siria|website=diariolibre.com|date=2 October 2007 }}</ref>
|-
|134
|{{flag|Singapore}}
|{{dts|28 May 2008}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|-
|135
|{{Flag|Lebanon}}
|{{dts|15 October 2008}}<ref name="auto32">{{Cite web|title=The countries formally opened diplomatic ties for the first time since their independence more than 60 years ago. (France 24)|date=15 October 2008 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20081015-lebanon-syria-formally-launch-diplomatic-talks-}}</ref>
|-
|136
|{{flag|Montenegro}}
|{{dts|30 October 2008}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|-
|137
|{{Flag|North Macedonia}}
|{{dts|23 September 2010}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930040551/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |archive-date=30 September 2011 |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia}}</ref>
|-
|138
|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|{{dts|15 October 2010}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|-
|139
|{{flag|Fiji}}
|{{dts|23 December 2010}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|-
|—
|{{Flag|Abkhazia}}
|{{dts|29 May 2018}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2022 |title=On May 29, 2018, the Republic of Abkhazia and the Syrian Arab Republic announced on mutual recognition and the establishment of diplomatic relations |url=http://mfaapsny.org/en/allnews/news/othernews/29-maya-2018-goda-respublika-abkhaziya-i-siriyskaya-arabskaya-respublika-obyavili-o-vzaimnom-priznan/ |website=mfaapsny.org |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
|—
|{{Flag|South Ossetia}}
|{{dts|22 July 2018}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/37419-syria-south-ossetia-sign-agreement-on-establishing-diplomatic-ties|title=Syria, South Ossetia Sign Agreement on Establishing Diplomatic Ties|work=Syria Times|date=22 July 2018|access-date=22 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://georgiatoday.ge/news/11491/Bashar-al-Assad-Hosts-Anatoly-Bibilov|title=Bashar al-Assad Hosts Anatoly Bibilov|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-date=24 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724104105/http://georgiatoday.ge/news/11491/Bashar-al-Assad-Hosts-Anatoly-Bibilov|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSKBN1KE0OY|title=Leader of breakaway South Ossetia meets Assad in Syria|work=Reuters |date=24 July 2018 |access-date=24 July 2018}}</ref>
|-style="background:#D3D3D3"
|—
|{{flag|Dominica}} (suspended)<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=Dominica suspends diplomatic relations with Syria indefinitely |url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/dominica-suspends-diplomatic-relations-syria-indefinitely |access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref>
|{{dts|7 March 2022}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|-
|140
|{{Flag|Bolivia}}
|{{dts|4 September 2023}}<ref name="bolivia">{{Cite web |date=4 September 2023 |title=Siria anuncia que aceptó establecer relaciones diplomáticas con Bolivia |url=https://noticias.unitel.bo/politica/siria-anuncia-que-acepto-establecer-relaciones-diplomaticas-con-bolivia-CE9134172 |access-date=24 August 2024 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|141
|{{Flag|South Korea}}
|{{dts|10 April 2025}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|-
|142
|{{Flag|Ghana}}
|Unknown
|}

==Bilateral relations==

===Africa===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Algeria}}||27 August 1962|| {{small|See [[Algeria–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 August 1962.<ref name="auto52"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Algiers]].
*Algeria has an embassy in Damascus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=277107|access-date=22 July 2022|date=2 July 2022|title=Syrian- Algerian relations are distinguished in all fields, Algerian Ambassador in Damascus|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency}}</ref> 
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|-
|{{Flag|Angola}}
|10 February 1999
|
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Angola and Syrian Arab Republic as of 10 Feb. 1999 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1475186?ln=en |access-date=27 April 2023 |publisher=United Nations Digital Library| date=10 February 1999 | last1=Republic | first1=Syrian Arab }}</ref>
*In 2021, [[Faisal Mekdad]], Foreign and Expatriates Minister, met with Minister of Foreign Affairs of Angola, [[Tete António]], within the framework of the High-Level Meeting to Commemorate the 60th Anniversary of the First Conference of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=251130 | title=Mikdad holds intensive meetings with heads of delegations at NAM High-Level Meeting | agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|date=12 October 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Benin}}
|29 November 1964||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1964.<ref name="auto56">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uo5fALOV-VMC&dq=Syria+to+establish+diplomatic+relations+at+ambassadorial+level+with+Dahomey+...+1964&pg=RA4-PP6 |title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 233–234 |publisher=United States. Central Intelligence Agency |year=1964}}</ref>
*Syria has an honorary consulate in [[Cotonou]].<ref name="SyriaAfr"/>
|-
|{{Flag|Cameroon}}
|29 November 1964
|
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1964.<ref name="auto56"/>
*In 2017, President Bashar al-Assad received on Thursday a cable of congratulation from President of Cameroon [[Paul Biya]] on occasion of Syria's Independence Day.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=104703 | title=President al-Assad receives congratulatory cables from presidents of China, Belarus and Cameroon on occasion of Independence Day|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|date=20 April 2017 }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Egypt}}||1944|| {{small|See [[Egypt–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1944 when Rafik Asha was accredited as Chargé d'Affaires of Syrian Legation (Embassy) in Cairo.<ref name="auto44"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Cairo]].
*Egypt has an embassy in Damascus.<ref>{{cite web|title = Egypt and Syria to keep consulate relations: FM spokesperson – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online|url = http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/75951/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-and-Syria-to-keep-consulate-relations-FM-spo.aspx|website = english.ahram.org.eg|access-date = 18 January 2016|archive-date = 18 October 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161018044753/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/75951/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-and-Syria-to-keep-consulate-relations-FM-spo.aspx|url-status = dead}}</ref> 
*In June 2013 Egypt's president [[Mohammed Morsi]] announced he would cut all relations with the Syrian government.<ref name="BBC News 2013 Egypt to cut">{{cite web | title=Egypt to cut diplomacy with Syria | publisher=BBC News | date=16 June 2013 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-middle-east-22924575/egypt-to-cut-off-diplomatic-relations-with-syria | access-date=16 February 2019}}</ref> Under [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]], however, Egypt has taken a more supportive stance towards Syria's government. In 2017, for example, Egypt called for Syria's re-admittance to the Arab League.<ref name="MEMRI 2017">{{cite web | title=In Advance of Arab League Summit in Jordan, Calls in Arab Countries To Reinstate Syria's League Membership; Syrian Writers Reject Calls For Reinstatement, Saying Syria Will Return Only If Arab League Apologizes To It | website=MEMRI | date=23 March 2017 | url=https://www.memri.org/reports/advance-arab-league-summit-jordan-calls-arab-countries-reinstate-syrias-league-membership | access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Libya}}||1963 || {{small|See [[Libya–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1963.<ref name="LY63"/>
*Syria is accredited to Libya from its embassy in Cairo.<ref name="mofaex.gov.sy">{{Cite web |title=موقع وزارة الخارجية والمغتربين- الجمهورية العربية السورية |url=http://mofaex.gov.sy/ar/pages753/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=mofaex.gov.sy |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603080705/http://www.mofaex.gov.sy/ar/pages753/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Libya has an embassy in Damascus.
*President [[Bashar al-Assad]], [[Syria]]n head of state, responded to the [[Syrian civil war]] in a manner frequently compared by protesters to [[Muammar Gaddafi]]'s crackdown in February 2011 and beyond.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/22/syria-protesters-gaddafi-assad_n_932868.html|agency=HuffPost|date=22 August 2011|access-date=10 October 2011|title=Syria Protesters: Gaddafi Is Gone, Assad Will Follow}}</ref>
*Syria voted at the [[United Nations General Assembly]] to accredit the NTC as representative of Libya on 16 September 2011.<ref name="sixty-sixth">{{cite news |url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/ga11137.doc.htm |title=After Much Wrangling, General Assembly Seats National Transitional Council of Libya as Country's Representative for Sixty-Sixth Session|agency=UN General Assembly|date=16 September 2011 |access-date=2 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2011/09/20/Gadhafi-His-government-wont-be-ousted/UPI-42191316527125/?spt=htr|work=United Press International|date=20 September 2011|access-date=10 October 2011|title=Gadhafi: His government won't be ousted}}</ref>
*On 10 October 2011, Libya became the first country to recognise the [[Syrian National Council]] as "the sole legitimate government in Syria". 
*NTC also ordered the Syrian Embassy in [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] to be shuttered until further notice.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/displayarticle.asp?xfile=data/international/2011/October/international_October385.xml&section=international&col=|work=Khaleej Times|date=11 October 2011 |access-date=10 October 2011|title=Libya NTC says recognises Syrian National Council|archive-date=11 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011004321/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/displayarticle.asp?xfile=data%2Finternational%2F2011%2FOctober%2Finternational_October385.xml&section=international&col=}}</ref> They also promised the representatives of SNC to hand them over the embassy of Syria in Tripoli.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=embassy-in-libya-to-snc-2011-10-20|author=İpek Yezdani|title=Syria dissidents secure Libya embassy promise|date=20 October 2011|access-date=23 October 2011|work=Hürriyet Daily News|archive-date=16 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116212757/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=embassy-in-libya-to-snc-2011-10-20}}</ref>
*On 1 March 2020, a Libyan diplomatic delegation, representing the [[Libyan House of Representatives]], visited Damascus to sign a [[memorandum of understanding]] (MoU) regarding reactivating the diplomatic missions between the two countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sana.sy/en/?p=187087|title=Syria, Libya discuss bilateral relations, means to reactivate them in different domains |agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|date=1 March 2020|access-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302055050/https://sana.sy/en/?p=187087 |archive-date=2 March 2020}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mauritania}}||11 June 1966||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 June 1966.<ref name="auto26"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Nouakchott]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.consul.info/en/embassy-syria-nouakchott | title=Syrian Embassy in Nouakchott, Mauritania | access-date=9 June 2022 | archive-date=26 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226063852/https://www.consul.info/en/embassy-syria-nouakchott | url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Mauritania has an embassy in Damascus.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/mauritania-affirms-good-ties-with-syrias-assad-regime/1807452 | title=Mauritania affirms good ties with Syria's Assad regime }}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Morocco}}||2 June 1956|| {{small|See [[Morocco–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 June 1956.<ref name="Middle East Institute"/>
*Syria is accredited to Morocco from its embassy in Algiers.<ref name="mofaex.gov.sy"/>
*Morocco has an embassy in Damascus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2023/02/353898/moroccan-embassy-in-syria-sets-up-crisis-unit-following-deadly-earthquake|title=Moroccan Embassy in Syria Sets Up Crisis Unit Following Deadly Earthquake|first=Oussama Aamari-Morocco World|last=News|website=moroccoworldnews.com|date=6 February 2023 }}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|-
|{{Flag|Mozambique}}
|5 August 1975
|
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 August 1975.<ref name="auto49"/>
*In 2018, a meeting took place between [[José Condungua Pacheco]] and [[Walid Muallem]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=139033 | title=Lavrov: Terrorist groups surface in areas where US forces are deployed in al-Tanf and al-Rukban Camp |agency=Syrian Arab News Agency| date=28 May 2018 }}</ref> 
|- valign="top" 
|{{flag|Nigeria}}||30 September 1965||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1965.<ref name="auto5"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Abuja]] and honorary consulates in [[Lagos]] and [[Kano (city)|Kano]].<ref name="SyriaAfr">{{Cite web|url=https://mofaex.gov.sy/ar/embassies/#africa|title=Embassies and consulates of Syria in Africa|publisher=mofaex.gov.sy|access-date=20 October 2024|archive-date=7 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007151801/https://mofaex.gov.sy/ar/embassies/#africa|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Nigeria has an embassy in Damascus.<ref name="sana.sy">{{cite web | url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=253284 | title=Mikdad receives credentials of charge d' affaires of Nigerian Embassy in Damascus | date=2 November 2021 }}</ref>
*In 2022, Nigeria called for lifting all sanctions imposed on Syria.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=267189 | title=Nigeria calls for lifting all sanctions imposed on Syria | agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|date=22 March 2022 }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|SADR}}||15 April 1980 (recognition)|| See {{small|See [[Western Sahara–Syria relations]]}}
*Syria officially recognized SADR on 15 April 1980, but does not maintain diplomatic relations with it.<ref name="SADR official web">{{Cite web| title = States recognizing the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic| language = ar
|publisher = Official Website of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic| url = http://www.rasd-state.ws/reconocimientos_rasd.htm
| access-date = 21 April 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071031153428/http://www.rasd-state.ws/reconocimientos_rasd.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 31 October 2007}}</ref>
*SADR has General Delegation in Damascus.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Senegal}}||21 January 1965||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1965.<ref name="auto48"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Dakar]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=289439|title=Before President al-Assad, several Syrian Ambassadors sworn in|date=7 November 2022|access-date=8 November 2022|agency=[[Syrian Arab News Agency]]|author=Kinda Al Mahmoud /Baraa Ali}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=297388|title=Senegal President expresses desire to strengthen bilateral relations with Syria|date=21 January 2023|access-date=8 May 2023|agency=[[Syrian Arab News Agency]]|author=Fedaa al-Rhayiah / Hala Zain}}</ref>
*Senegal is accredited to Syria from its embassy in Cairo.<ref name="SANA">{{cite web | url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=145006 | title=Exhibition held for Syrian products in Dakar |agency=Syrian Arab News Agency| date=17 August 2018 }}</ref> 
|-
|{{Flag|Somalia}}
|13 December 1964
|
{{small|See [[Somalia–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 December 1964.<ref name="auto28"/>
* President [[Hafez al-Assad]] and President [[Siad Barre]] had a positive relationship despite Somalia's very strong economic and military ties to Syria's then-geopolitical rival, [[Ba'athist Iraq|Iraq]]. Syria also provided limited intelligence and logistics support to Somalia during the [[Ogaden War]] despite the [[Russia–Syria relations#1966–2010|Soviet-Syrian special relationship]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IRAQ & SYRIA: PRESIDENT BARRE OF SOMALIA CONTINUES TOUR OF ARAB A??? ISLAMIC STATES. |url=https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/ |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=British Pathé}}</ref>
* Syria has a non-resident embassy in [[Sanaa]].<ref name="mofaex.gov.sy"/>
* Syria formerly had an embassy in [[Mogadishu]] but vacated it in 1991 due to the outbreak of the [[Somali Civil War]].
* Somalia has an embassy in Damascus.<ref name=":0" />  
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Africa}}||1 June 1994||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 June 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations (country profiles listed alphabetically) |url=https://www.dirco.gov.za/bilateral-relations/ |access-date=17 May 2023 |website=dirco.gov.za}}</ref>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Pretoria]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/foreign-reps/foreign-reps/syrian-arab-republic-embassy | title=Syria &#91; Arab Republic of &#93; Embassy &#124; South African Government }}</ref>
*South Africa has an embassy in Damascus.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sana.sy/en/?p=254625 | title=Syria, South Africa to enhance parliamentary, economic cooperation | date=15 November 2021 }}</ref>
*Both countries share close political and economic relations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sana.sy/en/?p=46265 |title=Al-Moallem briefs the visiting South African delegation on escalating terror threats and countries' involvement |agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=9 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sana.sy/en/?p=46454 |title=President al-Assad warns of the "international problem" of terrorism, refers to BRICS role to unify anti-terror efforts |agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=27 June 2015 |access-date=9 October 2015}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sudan}}||28 January 1957|| {{small|See [[Sudan–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1957, when Ambassador of Syria to Sudan (resident in Cairo) Mr. Abdel Rahman El Azm was accredited.<ref name="auto16"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Khartoum]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.embassypages.com/syria-embassy-khartoum-sudan|title=Embassy of Syria in Khartoum, Sudan}}</ref>
*Sudan has an embassy in Damascus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.embassypages.com/sudan-embassy-damascus-syria|title=Embassy of Sudan in Damascus, Syria}}</ref>
*On 16 December 2018, Sudanese President, [[Omar al-Bashir]], became the first Arab League member to visit Syria since the eruption of [[Syrian civil war]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 December 2018|title=Sudan's president becomes first Arab League member to visit Syria since 2011|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/omar-al-bashir-visit-syria-assad-sudan-arab-league-member-war-crimes-icc-a8686846.html|access-date=4 November 2021|website=The Independent|location=London}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tanzania}}||13 September 1966||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 September 1966.<ref name="G.P. Maisonneuve"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Dar-es-Salaam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of Syria in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/missions/category/diplomatic-corps}}</ref>
*Tanzania is accredited to Syria from its embassy in [[Cairo]].
*In 2013, Tanzania supported Syrian government in the civil war.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.syriaonline.sy/index.php?f=Details&catid=12&pageid=5657&g=1 |title=Tanzania Supports Syria in Fighting Terrorism |publisher=Syrian TV |date=29 April 2013 |access-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327161821/http://www.syriaonline.sy/index.php?f=Details&catid=12&pageid=5657&g=1 |archive-date=27 March 2016}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tunisia}}||2 June 1956||{{small|See [[Syria–Tunisia relations]]}}
*Both countries establishged diplomatic relations on 2 June 1956.<ref name="Middle East Institute"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Tunis]].<ref name="mofaex.gov.sy"/>
*Tunisia has an embassy in Damascus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alwatanonline.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B9-%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1/|title=
السفير عبد الهادي يطلع سفير تونس في سورية عل مستجدات القضية الفلسطينية|work=
الوطن أون لاين|date=1 June 2023|access-date=1 June 2023|publisher=Al Watan online|last1=
Ibrahem|first1=
Ali}}</ref>
*Tunisia ceased to recognise the government of Syria on 4 February 2012. During his tenure, [[Hamadi Jebali]], the Prime Minister, called on fellow Arab states to follow its lead: "We have to expel the Syrian ambassadors from Arab countries."<ref>Damien McElroy "[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9062745/Britain-under-pressure-to-withdraw-diplomatic-recognition-of-Syria.html Britain under pressure to withdraw diplomatic recognition of Syria]" ''The Daily Telegraph'' 5 February 2012</ref>
*In 2019, [[France24]] speculated that new president [[Kais Saied]] could renew his country's diplomatic relations with Syria.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20191023-tunisia-s-new-president-sworn-in-after-surprise-election-win|title=Tunisia's new president sworn in after surprise election win|website=France24|date=23 October 2019}}</ref>
*Following the [[2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake]], President Saied decided to strengthen diplomatic ties with Syria to the ambassador level.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/tunisian-president-decides-strengthen-diplomatic-ties-with-syria-2023-02-09/|title=Tunisian president decides to strengthen diplomatic ties with Syria|work=[[Reuters]]|date=9 February 2023}}</ref>
*In April 2023, Syria officially re-established diplomatic relations with Tunisia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/syria-tunisia-reestablish-diplomatic-relations/7055258.html|title=Syria, Tunisia Reestablish Diplomatic Relations|date=18 April 2023|access-date=1 June 2023|publisher=VOA News}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|-
|{{Flag|Uganda}}
|28 June 1972
|
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1972.<ref name="auto43"/>
*Syria has an honorary consulate in [[Kampala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alwatanonline.com/%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA-%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A/|title=صباغ يبحث مع نظيريه الكوري الديمقراطي والفنزويلي العلاقات الثنائية|first=Mortada|last=Moh|date=17 January 2024|website=الوطن أون لاين}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Zimbabwe}}
|
|
*Syria is accredited to Zimbabwe from its embassy in [[Pretoria]].
*On 1 June 2014, chairperson of the Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Foreign Affairs [[Cde Enock Porusingazi]] said that Zimbabwe stood in solidarity with Syria and its people, supporting their government.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/zimbabwe-stands-by-syria/|publisher=herald.co.zw |access-date=2 August 2022|title=Zimbabwe stands by Syria}}</ref>
|}

===Americas===
Syria has diplomatic relations with most Central and South American countries such as [[Antigua and Barbuda]],<ref name="sana_257623">{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=257623|title=ALBA countries reiterate their support to Syria|access-date=6 May 2022|date=14 December 2021|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency}}</ref> [[Argentina]],<ref name="arg">{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=229420|title=President al-Assad accepts credentials of new Ambassadors of Mauritania, Argentina|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|date=15 April 2021|access-date=5 May 2022}}</ref> [[Bolivia]],<ref name="Bol19">{{cite web |url=http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/41418-shaaban-discusses-syria-s-friendly-relations-with-bolivia-iran |title=Shaaban Discusses Syria's Friendly Relations with Bolivia, Iran |work=Syria Times |date=28 April 2019 |access-date=28 April 2019 |archive-date=28 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428154558/http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/41418-shaaban-discusses-syria-s-friendly-relations-with-bolivia-iran}}</ref> [[Brazil]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=263323|title=Syrian-Brazilian talks to boost economic, trade relations|access-date=6 May 2022|date=10 February 2022|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency}}</ref> [[Chile]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=266271|title=On behalf of President al-Assad, Sabbagh congratulates Chile's President on his inauguration ceremony|access-date=6 May 2022|date=12 March 2022|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency}}</ref> [[Cuba]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/25731-anniversary-of-establishing-syrian-cuban-diplomatic-relations-celebrated |title=Anniversary of Establishing Syrian-Cuban Diplomatic Relations Celebrated |work=Syria Times |date=15 August 2016 |access-date=1 February 2017 |archive-date=3 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203005722/http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/25731-anniversary-of-establishing-syrian-cuban-diplomatic-relations-celebrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/27895-presidential-affairs-minister-offers-condolences-to-cuban-president-over-passing-of-fidel-castro |title=Presidential Affairs Minister Offers Condolences to Cuban President over Passing of Fidel Castro |work=Syria Times |date=30 November 2016 |access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref> [[Ecuador]],<ref name="Ecu17">{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=104157|title=Ecuador: US aggression on Syria clear violation of a UN member state's soverienghty|access-date=6 May 2022|date=12 April 2017|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency}}</ref> [[El Salvador]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=34304|title=Al-Lahham continues meetings with parliamentarians on sideline of IPU session|access-date=6 May 2022 |date=31 March 2015 |agency=Syrian Arab News Agency}}</ref> [[Grenada]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X_Xo6vuYfzUC&q=syria+grenada+relations|title=Grenada papers|year=1984 }}</ref> [[Guatemala]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/secretary-general-appoints-edmond-mulet-guatemala-head-security-council |title=Secretary-General Appoints Edmond Mulet of Guatemala Head of Security Council Joint Investigative Mechanism on Chemical Weapon Use in Syria|date=27 April 2017 }}</ref> [[Guyana]],<ref name="Guy14">{{cite web |url=http://sana.sy/eng/21/2014/06/21/551372.htm |script-title=ar:الوكالة العربية السورية للأنباء |agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140621123014/http://sana.sy/eng/21/2014/06/21/551372.htm|archive-date=21 June 2014 |title=S a N A }}</ref> [[Nicaragua]],<ref name="Nic21">{{cite web |url=https://www.lavozdelsandinismo.com/nicaragua/2021-04-15/gobierno-de-nicaragua-felicita-a-la-republica-arabe-siria-en-75-aniversario-de-su-independencia/ |title=Gobierno de Nicaragua felicita a la República Árabe Siria en 75 Aniversario de su Independencia |work=La Voz del Sandinismo |date=15 April 2021 |access-date=23 April 2021 |archive-date=23 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423150938/https://www.lavozdelsandinismo.com/nicaragua/2021-04-15/gobierno-de-nicaragua-felicita-a-la-republica-arabe-siria-en-75-aniversario-de-su-independencia/}}</ref> [[Panama]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=191548 |title=Maritime authorities in Panama includes Syrian maritime certificates within the recognized lists|access-date=6 May 2022 |date=12 May 2022|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency}}</ref> [[Paraguay]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=262103|title=Syrian, Paraguayan talks to boost bilateral relations|access-date=6 May 2022|date=30 January 2022|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency}}</ref> [[Peru]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=243699|title=Syria's ambassador in Caracas participates in the inauguration ceremony of the president-elect of Peru|access-date=6 May 2022|date=30 July 2021|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency}}</ref> [[Saint Lucia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://caricom.org/st-lucia-politics-opposition-calls-on-st-lucia-government-to-state-position-on-syria/ |title=ST. LUCIA-POLITICS-Opposition calls on St. Lucia government to state position on Syria |work=CARICOM |date=4 September 2013 |accessdate=16 August 2022 |archive-date=20 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320015421/https://caricom.org/st-lucia-politics-opposition-calls-on-st-lucia-government-to-state-position-on-syria/}}</ref> [[Suriname]],<ref name="sana_257623"/> [[Uruguay]]<ref name="Urg19">{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=159155|title=Mikdad affirms Syria's firm right to restore the occupied Golan|access-date=6 May 2022|date=20 February 2019|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency}}</ref> and [[Venezuela]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/presidential-activities/28908-presidents-assad-and-maduro-phone-calls |title=Presidents Assad and Maduro Phone Call |work=Syria Times |date=30 January 2017 |access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|-
|{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|18 April 1983
|
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 April 1983.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronology of Antigua and Barbudas Bilateral relations |url=http://www.un.int/antigua/bilachro.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117180614/http://www.un.int/antigua/bilachro.htm |archive-date=17 January 2012 |access-date=14 September 2023 |website=Government of Antigua and Barbuda}}</ref>
* Syria has an honorary consulate in [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's]].<ref name="SyrPre"/>
*In 2021, Antigua along with other ALBA members, expressed support for Syria in the war.<ref name="sana_257623"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Argentina}}||23 November 1945||{{small|See [[Argentina–Syria relations]]}}
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 November 1945.<ref name="auto6"/>
* [[Argentina]] has an embassy in [[Damascus]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://easir.cancilleria.gob.ar/|title=Embajada en Siría}}</ref> 
* Syria has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diariosiriolibanes.com.ar/Actualidad/Argentina/Celebraciones-por-la-Independencia-de-Siria-en-el-pa%C3%ADs|publisher=Diarios Sirio Libane|title=Celebraciones por la Independencia de Siria en el país |date=22 April 2022|access-date=10 May 2022|language=spanish}}</ref>
*In 2010, President Bashar al-Assad visited Argentina and met then President [[Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner]] in [[Buenos Aires]].<ref name="Cuba10"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20100716-bashar-al-assad-marks-years-power-syria-israel-iran-lebanon|title=Bashar al-Assad marks 10 years in power|date=16 July 2010|access-date=16 August 2020|publisher=France 24}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Belize}}
|28 August 2001
|
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 August 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Belize and Syrian Arab Republic as of 28 Aug. 2001 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3843506?ln=en |access-date=27 April 2023 |publisher=United Nations Digital Library| date=28 August 2001 | last1=Republic | first1=Syrian Arab }}</ref>
* Syria is accredited to Belize from its embassy in [[Havana]].
|-
|{{Flag|Bolivia}}
|4 September 2023
|
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 September 2023.<ref name="bolivia" />
* Syria is accredited to Bolivia from its embassy in [[Santiago]].
*In 2019, Dr. [[Bouthaina Shaaban]], the presidential advisor, held a meeting with Bolivian Minister of Foreign Affairs [[Diego Pary Rodríguez]]. The two sides stressed the importance of friendly relations between Syria and Bolivia and mutual cooperation.<ref name="Bol19"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Brazil}}||13 November 1945||{{small|See [[Brazil–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1945.<ref name="auto41"/><ref name="auto20"/>
* [[Brazil]] has an embassy in Damascus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://damasco.itamaraty.gov.br/en-us/|title = Syria–Brazil relations}}</ref><ref name="BR-Damascus">{{cite web|url=http://damasco.itamaraty.gov.br/en-us/|title=Embassy of Brazil in Damascus|website=Ministério das Relações Exteriores|access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref>
* Syria has an embassy in [[Brasília]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diariosiriolibanes.com.ar/Actualidad/Siria/Parlamentarios-sirios-impulsan-crecimiento-de-relaciones-bilaterales-con-Brasil|publisher=Diarios Sirio Libane|title=Parlamentarios sirios impulsan crecimiento de relaciones bilaterales con Brasil|date=21 September 2021|access-date=10 May 2022|language=spanish}}</ref>
*In 2010, President Bashar al-Assad visited Brazil and held meeting with [[Lula da Silva]] on closer political and economic ties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.mercopress.com/2010/07/01/syria-s-assad-in-brazil-proposed-close-economic-links-with-mercosur|title=Syria's Assad in Brazil proposed close economic links with Mercosur|website=MercoPress}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Canada}}||20 May 1965
|{{small|See [[Canada–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1965.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925–2019 |url=https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019#Beginnings |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=Canadian Global Affairs Institute}}</ref>
*The Canadian Embassy closed on 5 March 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/syrian-embassy-ottawa-repairs-caretaker-diplomat-canada-1.6672713|title=Meet the man looking after the abandoned Syrian embassy for more than a decade|date=5 December 2022|access-date=3 May 2023|publisher=CBC News|author=Guy Quenneville}}</ref>
*The Syrian Embassy in [[Ottawa]] was closed on 29 May 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-joins-allies-in-mass-expulsion-of-syrian-diplomats-1.1129327|title=Canada joins allies in mass expulsion of Syrian diplomats|date=29 May 2012|access-date=3 May 2023|publisher=CBC News}}</ref>
*Syrian consulate in [[Montreal]] was closed in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/global-affairs-canada-ordered-closing-of-syrian-consulate-in-montreal-1.3540144|title=Global Affairs Canada ordered closing of Syrian consulate in Montreal |date=17 April 2016|access-date=3 May 2023|publisher=CBC News}}</ref> Syria has an honorary consulate in [[Vancouver]].
*Since the beginning of the [[Syrian civil war|Syrian War]], over 40,000 Syrian refugees have re-settled in [[Canada]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/refugees/welcome-syrian-refugees.html| title = #WelcomeRefugees: Canada resettled Syrian refugees| date = 24 November 2015}}</ref>
*Canada has announced plans to ease sanctions against Syria and names its ambassador to Lebanon to serve in a parallel role in Syria on 13 March 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Canada eases Syria sanctions, names ambassador |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/worldbiz/middle-east/canada-eases-syria-sanctions-names-ambassador-1091356?amp |website=The Business Standard |date=13 March 2025 |publisher=AFP |access-date=13 March 2025}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Chile}}||22 October 1945 ||{{small|See [[Chile–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 1945.<ref name="auto54"/><ref>{{Cite book |title=Memoria del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores |publisher=Chile. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores |year=1945 |page=231 |language=es}}</ref>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Santiago]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diariosiriolibanes.com.ar/Actualidad/Am%C3%A9rica-Latina/El-Embajador-sirio-Bassam-Sabbagh-visit%C3%B3-Chile|publisher=Diarios Sirio Libane|title=El Embajador sirio Bassam Sabbagh visitó Chile|date=21 September 2021|access-date=10 May 2022|language=spanish}}</ref>
*[[Chile]] has an embassy in Damascus.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Cancillería suspende "en forma indefinida" proceso de cierre de embajadas |url=https://radio.uchile.cl/2020/08/12/cancilleria-suspende-en-forma-indefinida-proceso-de-cierre-de-embajadas/ |publisher=[[Radio Universidad de Chile]] |language=Spanish |date=12 August 2020 |access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Colombia}}
|24 May 1988
|
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 1988.<ref name="auto14"/>
* Syria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in [[Caracas]].
* Colombia is accredited to Syria from its embassy in [[Beirut]].
* [https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/internacional/politica/regiones/siria Colombian Foreign Ministry about relations with Syria]
* See [[Syrian Colombians]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cuba}}||11 August 1965<ref name="auto2"/>||{{small|See [[Cuba–Syria relations]]}}
* Syria has an embassy in [[Havana]].
* [[Cuba]] has an embassy in Damascus.<ref name="CubanMissionsList">{{cite web |url=http://www.cubaminrex.cu/en/list-cuban-missions-abroad |title=List of Cuban Mission Abroad |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cuba |accessdate=27 September 2021 |archive-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703101820/https://cubaminrex.cu/en/list-cuban-missions-abroad}}</ref>
*Both countries have close political, economic and military relations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=325890|title=Syria, Cuba discuss means to boost trade cooperation|date=22 February 2024}}</ref>
*In 2010, President Bashar al-Assad met with Cuban leader [[Raul Castro]] as part of his visit in Cuba.<ref name="Cuba10">{{Cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-cubas-castro-meets-with-syrian-president-assad-2010jun28-story.html|title=Cuba's Castro meets with Syrian President Assad|work=The San Diego Union-Tribune|access-date=10 April 2023|date=28 June 2010}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}||2 October 2007||
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 October 2007.<ref name="auto38"/>
* Syria is accredited to Dominican Republic from its embassy in [[Caracas]].
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Grenada}}||23 January 1980||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1980.<ref name="auto4"/>
*In 2023, Prime Minister of Grenada, [[Dickon Mitchell]] expressed deep sympathy and solidarity with Government of Syria regarding [[2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/grenada-offers-condolences-turkey-and-syria-earthquake-disaster|title=Grenada offers condolences to Turkey and Syria on earthquake disaster &#124; Loop Caribbean News|website=Loop News}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Guyana}}
|19 June 1973
|
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 June 1973.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations |url=http://www.minfor.gov.gy/docs/other/diplomatic_relations_list.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307101008/http://www.minfor.gov.gy/docs/other/diplomatic_relations_list.pdf |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=12 June 2023}}</ref>
*In 2014, President Bashar al-Assad received several cables from President [[Donald Ramotar]] of Guyana congratulating him on his win in the [[2014 Syrian presidential election]].<ref name="Guy14"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mexico}}||20 August 1950||{{small|See [[Mexico–Syria relations]]}}
*[[Mexico]] and Syria established diplomatic relations on 21 August 1950.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-21-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Emb_Egipto.pdf |title=Mexico-Syria relations (in Spanish) |access-date=4 June 2018 |archive-date=26 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426133551/http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/1/2016-04-21-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Emb_Egipto.pdf}}</ref>
* Syria does not have an embassy accredited to Mexico.
* Mexico is accredited to Syria from its embassy in [[Cairo]].<ref name="sre">{{cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/egipto|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|title=Embassy of Mexico in Egypt|access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref>
*In 2014, Mexico closed its honorary consulate in Damascus.<ref name=Relations>{{cite web |url=http://sil.gobernacion.gob.mx/Archivos/Documentos/2016/04/asun_3366928_20160421_1461347964.pdf|date=20 April 2016|title=COMISIONES UNIDAS DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES Y DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES, ÁFRICA|access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}|| 14 February 1999||{{small|See [[Nicaragua–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 February 1999.<ref name="Nic99"/>
* Syria is accredited to Nicaragua from its embassy in [[Havana]].
* Nicaragua is accredited to Syria from its embassy in [[Tehran]].
* Both nations share close political relations.<ref name="Nic21"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Panama}}||17 February 1976||
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 February 1976.<ref name="SyrPan"/>
*Syria has an honorary consulates in [[Panama City]] and [[Colón, Panama|Colón]].<ref>[https://mofaex.gov.sy/ar/embassies/#north-america Syrian embassies in North America]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Paraguay}}||13 December 2004||
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 December 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Paraguay and Syrian Arab Republic as of 13 Dec. 2004 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1467866?ln=en |access-date=27 April 2023 |publisher=United Nations Digital Library| date=13 December 2004 | last1=Republic | first1=Syrian Arab }}</ref>
* Syria is accredited to Paraguay from its embassy in [[Buenos Aires]].<ref>{{Cite news|publisher=Diarios Sirio Libane |url=http://www.diariosiriolibanes.com.ar/Actualidad/Am%C3%A9rica-Latina/El-Embajador-de-Siria-present%C3%B3-cartas-credenciales-ante-el-Presidente-de-Paraguay|title=El Embajador de Siria presentó cartas credenciales ante el Presidente de Paraguay|date=29 June 2022|access-date=10 May 2023|language=spanish}}</ref>
* Syria has an honorary consulate in [[Ciudad del Este]].<ref name="SyrPre">{{Cite web |url=https://mofaex.gov.sy/ar/embassies/#south-america |title=Syrian embassies in South America |access-date=25 November 2024 |archive-date=7 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207185154/https://mofaex.gov.sy/ar/embassies/#south-america |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Paraguay]] has an honorary consulate in Damascus since July 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=278355|title=Inauguration of the Honorary Consulate General of the Republic of Paraguay in Damascus|date=21 July 2022 }}</ref>
*In July 2022, the President of the [[Senate of Paraguay]], [[Óscar Rubén Salomón]], made an official state visit to Syria, which Syrian state media said had the aim of establishing political, economic, commercial, parliamentary and other relations.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=278079|title=Syria, Paraguay talks to enhance cooperation in trade exchange|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|access-date=22 July 2022}}</ref> 
*The delegation was received by the highest constitutional officials of Syria, including Bashar al Assad, [[Hussein Arnous]] and [[Hammouda Sabbagh]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://syrianobserver.com/news/77480/syria-to-enhance-economic-relations-with-paraguay-and-brazil.html |title=Syria to Enhance Economic Relations with Paraguay and Brazil|work=Syrian Observer|access-date=8 November 2022}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Peru}}||16 August 1975||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1975.<ref name="auto50"/>
* Syria is accredited to Peru from its embassy in [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]].
* In 2023, the Syrian Foreign Ministry has expressed solidarity and condolences to the relatives of the victims of an [[2023 Guayas earthquake|Guayas earthquake]] that shook a coastal region of northern Peru.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.plenglish.com/news/2023/03/20/syria-expresses-solidarity-with-peru-and-ecuador-after-earthquake/|title=Syria expresses solidarity with Peru and Ecuador after earthquake|publisher=Prensa Latina|date=20 March 2020|access-date=15 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Suriname}}
|18 October 1976
|
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 1976.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PERMANENT MISSION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SURINAME TO THE UNITED NATIONS |url=https://search.archives.un.org/uploads/r/united-nations-archives/3/5/a/35a53d8603f1c47570aa3d09d59ed1956120972dc9b01c24f5b9f9acab2e2ad1/S-0904-0038-02-00001.PDF |access-date=12 June 2023 |publisher=United Nations |page=37/60}}</ref>
*In 2021, Suriname along with other ALBA members, expressed support for Syria in the civil war.<ref name="sana_257623"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}|| 11 January 1972||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 January 1972 when was accredited first Ambassador of Syrian Arab Republic (resident in Caracas) Mr. Bachir El Kotb.<ref name="auto13"/>
*Syria has an honorary consulate in [[Arima]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreign.gov.tt/missions-consuls/foreign-representatives-accredited-tt/honorary-consuls/|title=Honorary Consuls|website=Ministry of Foreign and CARICOM Affairs}}</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United States}}||17 November 1944||{{small|See [[Syria–United States relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 November 1944.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Syria |url=https://history.state.gov/countries/syria |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref>
*While relations between the two states have long since been tense, the two have maintained diplomatic exchanges. However, relations took an ominous turn in October 2008 with a [[2008 Abu Kamal raid|cross-border raid]] during the [[Iraq War]] to ostensibly fend off the rise of allegedly foreign militants into the Iraq fighting for the [[Iraqi resistance]].
*In December 2012, US president [[Barack Obama]] announced the US would formally recognise the [[Syrian Opposition Coalition]], rather than the Damascus government, as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people. {{as of|2023}}, the embassy of the United States is suspended due to the Syrian civil war.<ref name="Dwyer Hughes 2012">{{cite web | last1=Dwyer | first1=Devin | last2=Hughes | first2=Dana | title=Obama Recognizes Syrian Opposition Group | publisher=ABC News|location=United States | date=14 December 2012 | url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/exclusive-president-obama-recognizes-syrian-opposition-group/story?id=17936599 | access-date=23 November 2018}}</ref> In May 2014, the US announced it recognised the opposition [[Syrian National Coalition]]'s US offices as an official "foreign mission".<ref name="Editorial 2014">{{cite web | title=U.S. recognizes Syria opposition offices as 'foreign mission' | work=Reuters| date=5 May 2014 | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-idUSBREA440R220140505 | access-date=23 November 2018}}</ref>
*On 21 August 2013, the United States has threatened to strike key Syrian chemical and biological weapons installations in response to a chemical attack that was allegedly carried out by forces loyal to Assad on the rebel stronghold of [[Ghouta chemical attack|Ghouta]] within the capital Damascus. Assad had denied any involvement, however President Obama claims to have intelligence proving otherwise. No proof has been given to the public other than reports from key United States senators and representatives. As of 4 September 2013, the Committee on Foreign Relations approved an attack with a 10–7 vote.
*President Trump on 6 April 2017, ordered the first U.S. airstrike on the Syrian air force since the country's civil war began in 2011. US Navy warships USS Porter and USS Ross in the Mediterranean Sea launched dozens of Tomahawk missiles at Syria's Shayrat air base.  The strikes were in reaction to what Washington says was a sarin poison gas attack by the government of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad that killed at least 70 people in the Idlib region of Syria.  U.S. officials informed Russian forces ahead of the missile strikes, which Russian military were in Syria actively supporting and assisting al-Assad during Syria's civil war, and US air strikes avoided hitting Russian personnel. Trump, who authorized the launch of 59 Tomahawk missiles from Navy warships in the Mediterranean Sea on an air base near Homs were in direct response to Bashar al-Assad's alleged use of chemical weapons in the town of [[Khan Shaykhun chemical attack|Khan Shaykhun]] on 4 April 2017. Following airstrikes were conducted on 8 April 2017, on the Syrian city that was the site of chemical weapons attack earlier.
*On 7 October 2019, the President of the United States ordered the withdrawal of US military troops stationed on the Syrian-Turkey border. This withdrawal of military support was ordered by the President with disapproval of the Pentagon and the US Intelligence community. The US president ordered the withdrawal of military troops under the premise that Turkey would not invade the region being held by Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF); however Turkey attacked the SDF within 24 hours of US military withdrawal from the region.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/10/syrian-civil-war-guide-isis/410746/ | title=The Confused Person's Guide to the Syrian Civil War | website=[[The Atlantic]] | date=29 October 2015 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Uruguay}}
|11 October 1946
|
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 October 1946.<ref name="auto11"/>
* Syria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in [[Buenos Aires]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 June 2022 |title=El Embajador de Siria presentó cartas credenciales en Uruguay – Diario Sirio Libanés |language=spanish |publisher=Diarios Sirio Libane |url=http://www.diariosiriolibanes.com.ar/Actualidad/Am%C3%A9rica-Latina/El-Embajador-de-Siria-present%C3%B3-cartas-credenciales-en-Uruguay |access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref>
*In 2019, Dr. Faisal Mekdad received a senior military delegation headed by [[Armed Forces of Uruguay]] [[Defence Staff (Uruguay)|Army Chief of Staff]], Major General Marcelo Montaner. Both talked about preparations held by Uruguay to dispatch a military unit within the frame of the [[UNDOF]] in Golan.<ref name="Urg19"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Venezuela}}||14 June 1946||{{small|See [[Syria–Venezuela relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 June 1946.<ref name="auto25"/>
* [[Syria]] has an embassy in [[Caracas]].
* [[Venezuela]] has an embassy in [[Damascus]].
* Relations with Syria have improved following the election of [[Hugo Chávez]]. There are an estimated of 1 million Venezuelans of Syrian heritage. 
*During the [[Venezuelan presidential crisis]], Syria supported [[Nicolás Maduro]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/6b7fa7cc566f486cb974362168f1d90d|title=Venezuela crisis: Familiar geopolitical sides take shape|work=Associated Press News|first=Nataliya|last=Vasilyeva|date=24 January 2019|access-date=23 February 2021}}</ref>
|}

===Asia and Oceania===
Syria's relations with the Arab world were strained by its support for [[Iran]] during the [[Iran–Iraq War]], which began in 1980. With the end of the war in August 1988, Syria began a slow process of reintegration with the other Arab states. In 1989, it joined with the rest of the Arab world in readmitting [[Egypt]] to the 19th [[Arab League]] Summit at [[Casablanca]].

This decision, prompted in part by Syria's need for Arab League support of its own position in [[Lebanon]], marked the end of the Syrian-led opposition to Egypt and the 1977–79 [[Anwar Sadat|Sadat]] initiatives toward [[Israel]], as well as the [[Camp David Accords]]. It coincided with the end of the 10-year Arab subsidy to Syria and other front-line Arab countries pledged at [[Baghdad]] in 1978. Syria re-established full diplomatic relations with Egypt in 1989. In the 1990–1991 [[Gulf War]], Syria joined other Arab states in the US-led multinational coalition against Iraq. In 1998, Syria began a slow rapprochement with Iraq, driven primarily by economic needs. In this period, Syria continued to play an active [[pan-Arab]] role, which intensified as the Israel-Palestine peace process collapsed in September 2000 with the start of the second Palestinian uprising ([[Second Intifada|Intifada]]) against Israel. Though it voted in favor of [[UN Security Council Resolution 1441|UNSCR 1441]] in 2002, Syria was against coalition military action in Iraq in 2003. However, the Syrian government accepted [[UN Security Council Resolution 1483|UNSCR 1483]] (after being absent for the actual vote), which lifted sanctions on Iraq and established a framework to assist the Iraqi people in determining their political future and rebuilding their economy.

After start of the war in 2011, much of the Middle East condemned Syria's handling of the civil uprising, with only a few countries in the Middle East supporting Syria, most notably Iran, Iraq and Lebanon.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Abkhazia}}||4 September 2018||{{small|See [[Abkhazia–Syria relations]]}}
*Syria has an embassy in [[Sukhumi]]. 
*Abkhazia had an embassy in Damascus. Personnel were withdrawn on 15 December 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://meduza.io/en/news/2024/12/16/russia-evacuates-some-embassy-staff-from-damascus | title=Russia evacuates some embassy staff from Damascus }}</ref>
*The status of Syria's relationship with Abkhazia is presently unknown following the [[fall of the al-Assad regime]] on 8 December 2024.
|-
|{{Flag|Afghanistan|2013}}|| 18 November 1951||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 November 1951 when has been accredited Chargé d'Affaires ad interim of Afghanistan to Syria (Resident in Bagdad) Mr. Mir Amanullah Rahimi.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite book |last=Bülent Gökay, Malcolm Yapp, Michael Partridge, Paul Preston |title=British Documents on Foreign Affairs—reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Arabia, The Lebanon, Israel, Syria, Jordan and General, 1952 |publisher=LexisNexis |year=2006 |pages=311}}</ref>
*Afghan [[Taliban]] officials and Syrian minister met for the first time to discuss cooperation in 2023,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/minister-photographed-in-saudi-arabia-alongside-syrian-counterpart-taliban-official/amp/|title=Minister photographed in Saudi Arabia alongside Syrian counterpart, Taliban official|date=29 September 2023|access-date=11 December 2023|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref> but the Assad regime and the Taliban have no diplomatic relations. After the fall of the Assad regime, Afghan foreign minister [[Amir Khan Muttaqi]] congratulated the [[Syrian caretaker government|Syrian transitional government]] on its victory and expressed hope during a conversation with [[Asaad al-Shaibani]] that the two countries could establish regular diplomatic relations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Muttaqi Calls for Establishing Regular Diplomatic Relations With Syria |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-192353 |website=[[TOLOnews]] |access-date=2024-12-28}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Armenia}}||6 March 1992||{{small|See [[Armenia–Syria relations]]}}
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=30th anniversary of establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Armenia and the Syrian Arab Republic |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/press-releases/2022/03/06/arm-sy/11330 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=mfa.am}}</ref>
*Armenia has an embassy in Damascus and a consulate general in [[Aleppo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/ministry/embassiesList.html#Damascus |title=Tarifplus24.de vergleicht Strom, Gas, Handy, DSL und KFZ-Tarifetarifplus24 |website=armeniaforeignministry.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304125607/http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/ministry/embassiesList.html#Damascus |archive-date=4 March 2009}}</ref> 
*Since 1997, Syria has an embassy in [[Yerevan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/ministry/mid_2007.pdf |title= Tarifplus24.de vergleicht Strom, Gas, Handy, DSL und KFZ-Tarifetarifplus24|website=armeniaforeignministry.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927085834/http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/ministry/mid_2007.pdf |archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref>
*There are around 120,000 people of [[Armenian diaspora|Armenian descent]] living in the Syria (See [[Armenians in Syria]]).<ref name="Arm. Min. Diaspora">{{cite web|url=http://www.armdiasporamuseum.com/227-1-page.html |title=THE VIRTUAL MUSEUM OF ARMENIAN DIASPORA |publisher=Ministry of [[Armenian diaspora|Diaspora]] of Armenia |access-date=19 February 2014 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140219123645/http://www.armdiasporamuseum.com/227-1-page.html |archive-date=19 February 2014 }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Australia}}||12 May 1975|| 
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1975 when first Australian ambassador to Syria Mr. P. N. Hutton presented credentials to President Hafez al-Assad.<ref name="auto51"/>
* Syria has an honorary consulates in [[Sydney]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://protocol.dfat.gov.au/Public/Consulates/192/State|title=The Department – About us – Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade|first=corporateName= Department of Foreign Affairs and|last=Trade|website=protocol.dfat.gov.au}}</ref> and [[Melbourne]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=233828|title=Sorting of ballots at Syrian Consulate in cities of Sydney and Melbourne start|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref>
* Australia is accredited to Syria from its embassy in Beirut. 
* An Australian embassy was opened in Damascus in 1977.  Syria opened an embassy in [[Canberra]] in the early 2000s.  
*Until the start of the current [[Syrian civil war]] in 2011, the two countries enjoyed good relations.  
* Since 2011, Australia has imposed autonomous sanctions on Syria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syria sanctions regime |url=https://www.dfat.gov.au/international-relations/security/sanctions/sanctions-regimes/syria-sanctions-regime |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=9 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609154027/https://www.dfat.gov.au/international-relations/security/sanctions/sanctions-regimes/syria-sanctions-regime}}</ref>
*Syrian embassy in Canberra was closed in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6167355/syria-closes-australian-embassy/|title=Syria closes Australian embassy|work=[[The Canberra Times]]|access-date=2 June 2023|date=30 July 2012}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Bahrain}}
|23 January 1975
|{{small|See [[Bahrain–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BILATERAL RELATIONS |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505195337/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |archive-date=5 May 2012 |access-date=21 June 2023 |website=mofa.gov.bh}}</ref>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Manama]].
*Bahrain reopened its embassy in Damascus in December 2018.<ref name=bhrel>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/politics-bashar-assad-bahrain-middle-east-arab-league-b0664cb71a121dcce37a15108df05fb4|work=Associated Press News|access-date=15 August 2022|date=19 June 2022 |title=Syrian leader receives credentials from Bahrain ambassador}}</ref>
*On 19 June 2022, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad received the credentials of Ambassador Waheed Mubarak Sayyar in an official ceremony attended by Foreign Minister Faisal Mekdad.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Syrian leader receives credentials from Bahrain ambassador |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/syrian-leader-receives-credentials-bahrain-ambassador-85492948 |access-date=21 June 2022 |publisher=ABC News|location=United States}}</ref> 
*In 2024, Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad met with Bahrain's Foreign Minister [[Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani]] in Damascus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240429-syrias-president-assad-meets-bahrain-fm-to-discuss-bilateral-relations/|title=Syria's President Assad meets Bahrain FM to discuss bilateral relations|date=28 April 2024|access-date=30 April 2024|publisher=Middle East Monitor}}</ref> It was the first visit by a Bahraini foreign minister to Syria in 13 years.
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}||14 September 1973||{{small|See [[Bangladesh–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 1973.<ref name="auto39"/>
*Syria is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy in [[New Delhi]].
*Bangladesh is accredited to Syria from its embassy in [[Cairo]] and is represented through an honorary consulate in Damascus.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|China}}||1 August 1956||{{small|See [[China–Syria relations]]}}
*China recognized Syria's independence in 1946. 
*Diplomatic relations between both countries were established on 1 August 1956.<ref name="auto47"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Beijing]].
*China has an embassy in Damascus
*Both countries are close allies and strategic partners.
See [http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/xybfs/gjlb/2888/ Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relations with Syria]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Georgia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1993|5|18}} <br />'''[[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|Relations severed on 6 May 2018]]'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Information about the break-off of the diplomatic relations between Georgia and Syrian Arab Republic |url=http://www.mfa.gov.ge/News/informacia-saqartvelosa-da-siriis-arabta-respublik.aspx|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia)]] |access-date=16 April 2019|archive-date=18 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818094225/https://mfa.gov.ge/News/informacia-saqartvelosa-da-siriis-arabta-respublik.aspx}}</ref>||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 May 1993.<ref name="mfa_gov_ge" />
*Georgia terminated diplomatic relations with Syria due to the recognition of [[Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]] by Damascus.<ref name="RFE/RL 2018">{{cite web | author=RFE/RL | title=Georgia Severs Relations With Syria For Recognizing Abkhazia, South Ossetia | website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty | date=29 May 2018 | url=https://www.rferl.org/a/georgia-syria-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-abkhazia-south-ossetia/29257063.html | access-date=23 November 2018}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|India}}||May 1950||{{small|See [[India-Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations in May 1950.<ref name="auto42"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Delhi]].
*India has an embassy in Damascus.
*India and Syria have historical and cultural links dating back to silk route trade. The countries maintained relatively cordial relations during the Syrian Civil War.<ref name="Middle East Institute 2017">{{cite web | title=Locating Syria in India's Diplomacy toward West Asia | website=Middle East Institute | date=30 March 2017 | url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/locating-syria-indias-diplomacy-toward-west-asia | access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Indonesia}}||27 February 1950||{{small|See [[Indonesia–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 February 1950.<ref name="jordantimes" />
*Syria has an embassy in [[Jakarta]].
*Indonesia has an embassy in Damascus.
*Both nations are the member of [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iran}}||12 November 1946||{{small|See [[Iran–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 November 1946 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Iran to Syria with residence in Beirut Mr. Zein-el-Abdine Rahnema.<ref name="auto40"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Tehran]].
*Iran has an embassy in Damascus.
*Syria and [[Iran]] are strategic allies. Syria is often called Iran's "closest ally",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=syria+iran+closest+ally&safe=active |title=syria iran closest ally|access-date=9 February 2014}}</ref> the [[Arab nationalism]] ideology of Syria's [[Politics of Syria#Baathism|ruling Baath party]] notwithstanding. 
*During the [[Iran–Iraq War]], Syria sided with non-Arab Iran against its enemy [[Iraq]] and was isolated by Saudi Arabia and some of the Arab countries, with the exceptions of [[Libya]], [[Lebanon]], [[Algeria]], [[Sudan]] and [[Oman]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iranprimer.usip.org/sites/iranprimer.usip.org/files/Iran%20and%20Syria.pdf |title=Iran and Syria |author=Jubin Goodarzi |publisher=[[United States Institute of Peace]] |access-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014060357/http://iranprimer.usip.org/sites/iranprimer.usip.org/files/Iran%20and%20Syria.pdf |archive-date=14 October 2015}}</ref> 
*Iran and Syria have had a strategic alliance ever since, partially due to their common animosity towards [[Saddam Hussein]] and coordination against the [[United States]] and [[Israel]]. 
*Syria and Iran cooperate on arms smuggling from Iran to the [[Hezbollah]] in [[Lebanon]], which borders Israel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.welt.de/print/die_welt/politik/article13871292/Iran-sucht-neue-Schmuggelwege.html|title=Iran sucht neue Schmuggelwege|work=Die Welt|date=16 February 2012|access-date=18 May 2012| last1=Wergin | first1=Clemens }}</ref>
*In addition to receiving military hardware, Iran has consistently invested billions of dollars into the Syrian economy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/defence/news/jdw/jdw060627_1_n.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826161646/http://www.janes.com/defence/news/jdw/jdw060627_1_n.shtml|url-status=dead|title=Iran, Syria sign a further defence co-operation agreement – Jane's Defence News|archivedate=26 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Swaminathan |first=Satya |title=Syria's Diplomatic History with Iran |journal=Global Forum Journal |volume=3 |date=Spring 2007 |page=28 |url=http://issuu.com/not_sure/docs/globalforumjournal |archive-date=20 October 2017 |access-date=6 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020031241/https://issuu.com/not_sure/docs/globalforumjournal |url-status=dead }}</ref> 
*Currently, Iran is involved in implementing several industrial projects in Syria, including cement factories, car assembly lines, power plants, and silo construction. Iran also plans to set up a joint Iranian–Syrian bank in the future.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iraq}}||8 November 1945||{{small|See [[Iraq–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 November 1945 when has been accredited Chargé d'Affaires of Iraq to Syria Mr. Ibrahim Fadli.<ref name="auto40"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Baghdad]] and Consulate-General in [[Mosul]].
*Iraq has an embassy in Damascus.
*The political states of Iraq and Syria were formed by the United Kingdom and France following the defeat of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in World War I. 
*Iraq and Syria are united by historical, social, political, cultural and economic relations, but share a long [[Sykes–Picot agreement|foreign drawn]] border. The land known as [[Mesopotamia]] is Iraq and eastern Syria and is called such by its inhabitants. 
*Political relations between Iraq and Syria have in the past seen difficulties, however, new diplomatic relations described by both sides as "Historic" were established in November 2006, beginning an era of close cooperation and political friendship between Iraq and Syria.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 November 2006 |title=Iraq and Syria restore relations|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6167968.stm |access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref>
*During the early phase of the Syrian civil war, Iraq was also one of the few remaining Arab countries which support the Syrian government, and has abstained from voting to expel Syria from the Arab league.<ref>{{cite news|title=Syria suspended from Arab League|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/12/syria-suspended-arab-league|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 November 2011|access-date=26 February 2018}}</ref>
*Both countries have closely cooperated with each other against [[ISIS]], with Iraq and Ba'athist Syria being a part of the [[Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition]].<ref name=CNN>{{cite news|last1=Mullen|first1=Jethro|title=Iraq agrees to share intelligence with Russia, Iran and Syria|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/27/middleeast/iraq-russia-iran-syria-intelligence-deal/|publisher=CNN|date=27 September 2015 |access-date=28 September 2015}}</ref><ref name= AlJazeera>{{cite news|title=Iraq, Russia, Iran and Syria coordinate against ISIL|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/09/iraq-russia-iran-syria-coordinate-isil-150927125919507.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=27 September 2015|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=Times>{{cite news|last1=Gordon|first1=Michael|title=Russia Surprises U.S. With Accord on Battling ISIS|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/world/middleeast/iraq-agrees-to-share-intelligence-on-isis-with-russia-syria-and-iran.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=27 September 2015|access-date=6 November 2015}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Israel}}||'''No formal diplomatic relations'''||{{small|See [[Israel–Syria relations]]}}
*Syria has been an active belligerent, with periodic ceasefires and use of proxies, against Israel ever since May 1948, when the Syrian army captured territory from the newly established State of Israel north and south of the Sea of Galilee. 
*Syria was an active belligerent in the 1967 Arab–Israeli War, which resulted in Israel's occupation of the Golan Heights and the city of [[Quneitra]]. On 19 June, a week after the war ended, Israel offered to return the Golan if Syrian would agree to a full Peace Treaty. However, Syria refused. From 1967 to 1973 there were sporadic bouts of fighting along the new border.
*Following the October 1973 [[Yom Kippur War|Arab–Israeli War]], which left Israel in occupation of additional Syrian territory, Syria accepted [[UN Security Council Resolution 338]], which signaled an implicit acceptance of [[UN Security Council Resolution 242|Resolution 242]]. 
*Syria participated in the Middle East Peace Conference in Madrid in October 1991. 
*In 2004 and 2005 Israel and Syria engaged in private talks discussing an outline peace accord. These were successful at a technical level, but failed to gain adequate political support.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/IB13Ak05.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213200012/http://atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/IB13Ak05.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=13 February 2007|title=US force-marches Israel over Syria|last=Kolko|first=Gabriel|date=13 February 2007|work=Asia Times|access-date=17 December 2013}}</ref>
*Hostility between Syria and Israel further increased following Israel's execution of [[Operation Orchard]] on 6 September 2007. Israel bombed a northern Syrian complex near [[Dayr az-Zawr]] which was suspected of holding nuclear materials from North Korea.<ref>{{cite news|title=Israelis 'Israelis seized nuclear material in Syrian raid'|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article2512380.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009231319/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article2512380.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 October 2007|work=The Sunday Times|date=23 September 2007|location=London|first1=Uzi|last1=Mahnaimi|first2=Sarah|last2=Baxter|access-date=2 April 2010}}</ref>
*In 2008 Syrian President [[Bashar al-Assad]] confirmed that talks with Israel have resumed through a third party.<ref name="aljazeera1">{{cite web |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/BF3F4AA5-5157-45FD-B362-99FAEB14804E.htm |title= Breaking News, World News and Video from al Jazeera|website=english.aljazeera.net |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422160001/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/BF3F4AA5-5157-45FD-B362-99FAEB14804E.htm |archive-date=22 April 2008}}</ref>
*[[Buthaina Shaaban]] has also confirmed that Israel is ready to give up the [[Golan Heights]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7362937.stm|publisher=BBC News|title=Israel 'ready to return Golan'|date=23 April 2008|access-date=2 April 2010}}</ref> 
*In October 2019, Israel was one of the countries that condemned the [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria]], but also because of deterioration of [[Israel–Turkey relations]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Japan}}||December 1953||{{small|See [[Japan–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations in December 1953.<ref name="auto53"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Tokyo]].
*Japan has an embassy in Damascus.<ref name="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 2012 temporary">{{cite web | title=MOFA: Temporary Closure of the Embassy of Japan in the Syrian Arab Republic | website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan | date=21 March 2012 | url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2012/3/0321_02.html | access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref>
*Japan introduced sanctions against Syria in September 2011.<ref name="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 2011">{{cite web | title=MOFA: Implementation of measures to freeze the assets of President Bashar Al-Assad and his related individuals and entities in Syria | website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan | date=9 September 2011 | url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2011/9/0909_02.html | access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Jordan}}|| 1948||{{small|See [[Jordan–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1948.<ref name="auto18"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Amman]].
*Jordan has an embassy in Damascus.
*After the first [[Gulf War]] relations between Jordan and Syria had improved. After the [[Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace|Treaty of Peace Between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan]] in which [[Jordan]] established diplomatic ties with [[Israel]], Jordan has been an important transit point for Syrian businessmen doing business in the [[Palestinian territories]].
*Relations between the two countries improved after the death of Jordan's King [[Hussein of Jordan|Hussein Ibn Talal]] and accession of [[Abdullah II of Jordan|King Abdullah]] in February 1999 and the death of Hafez al-Assad and accession of his son Bashar in 2000. The Jordanian King visited Syria to congratulate Bashar that year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordanian King Visits Syria to Congratulate Bashar |url=http://en.people.cn/english/200007/19/eng20000719_45912.html |access-date=5 July 2023 |website=en.people.cn}}</ref>
*During the [[Syrian Civil War]], Jordan has worked closely with the US, supporting the [[Southern Front of the Free Syrian Army|Southern Front]] rebels until 2017, but also co-ordinating closely with Russia.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 October 2015|title=Russia, Jordan agree on military coordination on Syria|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-russia-jordan-idUSKCN0SH1ER20151023|access-date=4 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Warily, Jordan Assists Rebels in Syrian War
|date=10 April 2014|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/11/world/middleeast/syria.html?mcubz=0}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/19/world/middleeast/cia-arming-syrian-rebels.html?mcubz=0|date=19 July 2017|title=Trump Ends Covert Aid to Syrian Rebels Trying to Topple Assad}}</ref>
*After 2018, relations between both countries normalized.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/en/originals/2017/04/jordan-north-south-syria-military-involvment.html|title=Will Jordan confront IS in southern Syria?|date=18 April 2017|work=[[Al-Monitor]]}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}||27 March 1992||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 March 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан |url=http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220233503/http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |archive-date=20 February 2020 |access-date=30 April 2022 |language=ru}}</ref>
*Kazakhstan has an consulate-general in Damascus.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-damask/about?lang=en |title=Consulate of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Syrian Arab Republic |website=Consulate of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Syrian Arab Republic, Damask |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kazakhstan)]] |access-date=20 December 2021}}</ref>
*Kazakhstan donated funds to help [[Syrian refugees]] fleeing the country. In 2012, about $400,000 were allocated by the country through the [[Organization of Islamic Cooperation|OIC]]. 
*Kazakhstan sent its next humanitarian aid to Syria in January 2017. The 500 tonnes of supply of food and medications were delivered to Tartus Port on the Mediterranean coast of Syria.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kazakhstan delivers humanitarian aid to Syrian Tartus|url=http://www.inform.kz/en/kazakhstan-delivers-humanitarian-aid-to-syrian-tartus_a2986484|website=inform.kz|date=6 January 2017|access-date=8 June 2023|archive-date=9 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609003930/https://www.inform.kz/en/kazakhstan-delivers-humanitarian-aid-to-syrian-tartus_a2986484|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kuwait}}||24 October 1963||{{small|See [[Kuwait–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 October 1963<ref name="auto17"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Kuwait City]].
*Kuwait has an embassy in Damascus.
*Kuwait–Syria relations became somewhat strained due to the [[Syrian civil war]] after Kuwait closed its embassies along with the rest of the [[Arab States of the Persian Gulf]]. 
*Bilaterial relations have since come to focus on humanitarian efforts for Syria instead. For example, Kuwait has hosted three international pledging conferences in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 raising 1.5bn,<ref>{{cite news|title=Donors meet target of $1.5 billion aid for stricken Syrians: U.N.|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-idUSBRE90S0GU20130130|work=Reuters|access-date=7 March 2017}}</ref> 2.4bn,<ref>{{cite news|title=Donors Offer $2.4 Billion to Aid Syrian Civilians, but U.N. Says More Is Needed|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/16/world/middleeast/us-pledges-380-million-in-relief-aid-for-syria.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/16/world/middleeast/us-pledges-380-million-in-relief-aid-for-syria.html |archive-date=3 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The New York Times|date=15 January 2014 |access-date=7 March 2017 |last1=Gordon |first1=Michael R. }}{{cbignore}}</ref> 3.8bn,<ref>{{cite web|title=Donors pledge $3.8bn at Syria crisis meeting in Kuwait|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/03/donors-pledge-38bn-syria-crisis-meeting-kuwait-150331075051202.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=7 March 2017}}</ref> and 10bn<ref name="UN News Centre">{{cite web |title=Record $10 billion pledged in humanitarian aid for Syria at UN co-hosted conference in London | date=4 February 2016 |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=53162 |access-date=7 March 2017 |publisher=UN News Centre}}</ref> respectively. 
*Relations between the two countries have since 2019 normalized.
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Lebanon}}||<!--Date started-->15 October 2008<ref name="auto32"/>||{{small|See [[Lebanon-Syria relations]]}}
Syria plays an important role in Lebanon by virtue of its history, size, power, and economy. Lebanon was part of [[Ottoman Syria]] until 1926. The presence of Syrian troops in Lebanon dates to 1976, when President [[Hafez al-Assad]] intervened in the [[Lebanese civil war]] on behalf of [[Maronite]] Christians. Following the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Syrian and Israeli forces clashed in eastern Lebanon. The late U.S. Ambassador [[Philip Habib]] negotiated a cease-fire in Lebanon and the subsequent evacuation of [[PLO]] fighters from West [[Beirut]]. However, Syrian opposition blocked implementation of the [[May 17 Agreement|17 May 1983 Lebanese-Israeli accord]] on the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanon. Following the February 1984 withdrawal of the UN Multinational Force from Beirut and the departure of most of Israel's forces from southern Lebanon a year later, Syria launched an unsuccessful initiative to reconcile warring Lebanese factions and establish a permanent cease-fire. Syria actively participated in the March–September 1989 fighting between the Christian Lebanese Forces and Muslim forces allied with Syria. In 1989, Syria endorsed the Charter of National Reconciliation, or "[[Taif Accord]]", a comprehensive plan for ending the Lebanese conflict negotiated under the auspices of [[Saudi Arabia]], Algeria, and [[Morocco]].

At the request of Lebanese President [[Elias Hrawi|Hrawi]], the Syrian military took joint action with the Lebanese Armed Forces on 13 October 1990, to oust rebel Gen. [[Michel Aoun]] who had defied efforts at reconciliation with the legitimate Government of Lebanon. The process of disarming and disbanding the many Lebanese militias began in earnest in early 1991. In May 1991, Lebanon and Syria signed the treaty of brotherhood, cooperation, and coordination called for in the Taif Accord, which is intended to provide the basis for many aspects of Syrian-Lebanese relations. The treaty provides the most explicit recognition to date by the Syrian Government of Lebanon's independence and sovereignty.

According to the U.S. interpretation of the [[Taif Accord]], Syria and Lebanon were to have decided on the redeployment of Syrian forces from Beirut and other coastal areas of Lebanon by September 1992. Israeli occupation of Lebanon until May 2000, the breakdown of peace negotiations between Syria and Israel that same year, and intensifying Arab/Israeli tensions since the start of the second Palestinian uprising in September 2000 have helped delay full implementation of the Taif Accords. The UN declared that Israel's withdrawal from southern Lebanon fulfilled the requirements of [[UN Security Council Resolution 425]]. However, Syria and Lebanon claimed that UNSCR 425 had not been fully implemented because Israel did not withdraw from an area of the Golan Heights called [[Shebaa Farms]], which had been occupied by [[Israel]] in 1967, and which Syria now claimed was part of Lebanon. The United Nations does not recognize this claim. However, Lebanese resistance groups such as [[Hezbollah]] use it to justify attacks against Israeli forces in that region, creating a potentially dangerous flashpoint along the Lebanon-Israeli border.

In 2005, Syrian troops withdrew from Lebanon after the assassination of Lebanese Sunni Prime Minister Rafik Hariri on 14 February 2005. In December 2008, The Syrian Embassy was opened in Beirut for the first time in history since both countries gained their Independence during the 1940s. In March 2009, Lebanon followed and opened its embassy in Damascus. On 19 December 2009, Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Al-Hariri visited Syria, and stayed in Damascus for three days meeting with President Bashar Al-Assad & breaking the ice between the two sides.<ref>[http://english.sohu.com/20050801/n226521001.shtml New Lebanese Prime Minister visits Syria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424162012/http://english.sohu.com/20050801/n226521001.shtml |date=24 April 2018 }}, 2005</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Malaysia}}||1958||{{small|See [[Malaysia–Syria relations]]}}
*Syria has an embassy in [[Kuala Lumpur]]
*Malaysian embassy in Damascus is closed since August 2012, due to the [[Syrian civil war]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malaysian Embassy in Syria ordered to close temporarily {{!}} The Star|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/08/19/malaysian-embassy-in-syria-ordered-to-close-temporarily|access-date=31 March 2021|website=The Star|date=19 August 2012 |location=Malaysia}}</ref>
*Malaysia has an honorary consulate in Damascus.<ref name="auto12">{{Cite web|url=https://x.com/NourYoussef111/status/1811417779981152472?t=LPbcmI7TXH_Bx1dPFhNqnw&s=19|title=x.com|work=X (formerly Twitter) }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Mongolia}}||31 July 1967||
See [https://web.archive.org/web/20111028104048/http://mfat.gov.mn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=204%3A-v-&catid=38%3A2009-12-20-21-52-48&Itemid=80&lang=mn Bilateral relations between Mongolia and Syria] {{in lang|mn}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 July 1967.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST OF COUNTRIES MAINTAINING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH MONGOLIA |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mn/old/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/diplist-2020-draft-20200729.pdf |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR LIST |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928021439/http://www.mfa.gov.mn/old/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/diplist-2020-draft-20200729.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Mongolian delegates from the then-ruling [[Mongolian People's Party|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party]] traveled to Syria in 1978, 1982 and 1985.
*Syrian [[Ba'ath Party (Syrian-led faction)|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party]] delegates visited Mongolia in 1983 and 1986.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|North Korea}}||25 July 1966||{{small|See [[North Korea–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 July 1966.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2016 |title=DPRK Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=NCNK (The National Committee on North Korea) |page=3 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Pyongyang]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nknews.org/2017/01/a-long-way-from-damascus-life-as-syrias-ambassador-to-north-korea/|title=A long way from Damascus: Life as Syria's ambassador to North Korea|last=O'Carroll|first=Chad|date=31 January 2017|work=NK News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203161957/https://www.nknews.org/2017/01/a-long-way-from-damascus-life-as-syrias-ambassador-to-north-korea/|archive-date=3 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
*North Korea has an embassy in Damascus.<ref name="Ramani Diplomat 2018" />
*North Korea is one of Syria's closest allies.<ref name="Ramani Diplomat 2018">{{cite web | last1=Ramani | first1=Samuel | title=North Korea's Syrian Connection | website=The Diplomat | date=27 February 2018 | url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/02/north-koreas-syrian-connection/ | access-date=17 February 2019}}</ref> 
*In September 2015, the Syrian government paid tribute to [[Kim Il Sung]] in a ceremony for a new park in Damascus named in his honor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2015/09/01/Syria-builds-park-in-honor-of-North-Korea-founder-Kim-Il-Sung/3841441128895/|title=Syria builds park in honor of North Korea founder Kim Il Sung|access-date=2 September 2015}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Oman}}||19 December 1987||{{small|See [[Oman–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 December 1987.<ref name="OMN87"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Muscat]].
*Oman has an embassy in Damascus.
*Since the start of the war, Syria and Oman have been strategic allies.<ref name="albawaba">{{cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/news/oman-original-syria-iran-russia--1063100|title=Opinion: Oman Set to Play Big Role in Post-War Syria|access-date= 28 February 2018}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[Arab League]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Pakistan}}||1948||{{small|See [[Pakistan–Syria relations]]}}
*Syria has an embassy in [[Islamabad]].
*Pakistan has an embassy in Damascus.
*Both countries were on the [[silk route]] through which civilizational exchanges took place for centuries, Islamic missionaries that introduced Islam after 711 AD were from [[Syria]]. During the [[Yom Kippur War]] of 1973 (usually referred to as the Ramadan war in Pakistan) several Pakistani pilots assisted the Syrian air force.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defencejournal.com/apr99/golan.htm |title=Shahbaz Over Golan |publisher=Defencejournal.com |date=26 April 1974 |access-date=9 October 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213417/http://www.defencejournal.com/apr99/golan.htm}}</ref> In 2005 Syria and Pakistan agreed on mutual cooperation in the fields of science and technology. Pakistan also supports the Syrian Government since the beginning of [[Syrian civil war]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/2005/01/07/nat15.htm |title=Pakistan, Syria to promote cooperation in S& |newspaper=Dawn|date=7 January 2005 |location=Pakistan |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050207065250/http://www.dawn.com/2005/01/07/nat15.htm |archive-date=7 February 2005}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Palestine}}||22 January 1992||{{small|See [[Palestine–Syria relations]]}}
*Syria officially recognized Palestinian statehood on 18 July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Syria recognizes Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital|url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/syria-recognizes-palestinian-state-with-east-jerusalem-as-its-capital-1.373926|date=18 July 2011|newspaper=Haaretz |publisher=Haaretz Daily Newspaper Ltd|access-date=19 July 2011}}</ref>
*Syria is accredited to Palestine from its embassy in Amman.
*Palestine has an [[Embassy of Palestine, Damascus|embassy]] in Damascus.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Philippines}}||4 September 1946||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 September 1946.<ref name="DFAGovPH-Syria" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of the Republic of the Philippines, Damascus |url=https://www.dfa.gov.ph/syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411062551/https://www.dfa.gov.ph/syria |archive-date=11 April 2022 |access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref> 
*Syria has an consulate in [[Manila]].
*Syria is accredited to Philippines from its embassy in [[Kuala Lumpur]].
*The Philippines has an [[Embassy of the Philippines, Damascus|embassy]] in Damascus.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Qatar}}||19 January 1972||{{small|See [[Qatar–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 January 1972.<ref name="Economic Features, Limited"/>
*Syrian President [[Hafez al-Assad]] sided with Saudi Arabia against Qatari Emir [[Hamad bin Khalifa]] when he deposed his father. Later on, [[Bashar al-Assad]] visited [[Doha]] in 2003, which initiated a new chapter of economic, trading and investment relations. 
*In 2007–8, several Qatari-funded banks were established in Syria.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Azmi Bishara]]|title=سورية: درب الآلام نحو الحرية – محاولة في التاريخ الراهن|publisher=المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات|year=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zb1mDwAAQBAJ&q=%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85+2003&pg=PT441|language=ar|isbn=9789953027654}}</ref>
*During the conflict in Syria, Qatar vocally and materially supported different rebels with arms and funds against the government. Qatar has been the biggest [[Qatari support to Syrian Opposition in the Syrian Civil War|sponsor of Syrian opposition forces]] during the civil war.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.almanar.com.lb/english/adetails.php?eid=93949&frid=31&cid=31&fromval=1&seccatid=91&source=mm802|title = FT: Qatar Spends Billions in Syria, Pays $50,000 per Dissident|date = 17 May 2013|access-date = 25 June 2015|website = Al-Manar News|archive-date = 27 June 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150627070914/http://www.almanar.com.lb/english/adetails.php?eid=93949&frid=31&cid=31&fromval=1&seccatid=91&source=mm802|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.ft.com/content/f2d9bbc8-bdbc-11e2-890a-00144feab7de|title = How Qatar seized control of the Syrian revolution|last1 = Khalaf|first1 = Roula|date = 17 May 2013|work = Financial Times Magazine|access-date = 25 June 2015|last2 = Fielding-Smith|first2 = Abigail}}</ref>
*In January 2019, Qatar said it would not normalise relations with Syria, which it wanted to remain excluded from the Arab League.<ref name="Al Jazeera 2019 Qatar">{{cite web | title=Qatar will not normalise relations with Syria: Foreign Minister – Qatar News | publisher=Al Jazeera | date=14 January 2019 | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/1/14/qatar-will-not-normalise-relations-with-syria-foreign-minister | access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref> 
*In April 2019, [[Qatar Airways]] was granted a license to fly over Syrian airspace and a Syrian ban on Qatar's [[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al-Jazeera]] station was lifted.<ref name="Moubayed 2019">{{cite web | last=Moubayed | first=Sami | title=Syria and Qatar silently mend broken fences | website=Qatar – Gulf News | date=25 April 2019 | url=https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/qatar/syria-and-qatar-silently-mend-broken-fences-1.63545446 | access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref> 
*In 2021, Qatar worked with Russia and Turkey to create a political solution to the conflict.<ref name="Chmaytelli Gumrukcu Balmforth 2021">{{cite web | last1=Chmaytelli | first1=Maher | last2=Gumrukcu | first2=Tuvan | last3=Balmforth | first3=Tom | title=Turkey, Russia, Qatar to push for political resolution in Syria | website=U.S. | date=11 March 2021 | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-qatar-aid-idUSKBN2B31QH | access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}||26 June 1944 ||{{small|See [[Saudi Arabia–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1944 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Saudi Arabia to Syria Sheikh Abdul Aziz bin Zeid.<ref name="auto34"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Riyadh]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.digitaljournal.com/world/saudi-arabia-syria-agree-to-restore-diplomatic-ties/article|date=9 May 2023|access-date=10 May 2023|work=Digital Journal|title=Saudi Arabia, Syria agree to restore diplomatic ties}}</ref>
*Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Damascus.
*Following the [[Syrian civil war]], the relations between the two countries have greatly deteriorated (until 2018).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Deasy |first=Kristin |date=26 February 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia arming Syrian rebels with Croatian weapons: report |url=https://theworld.org/dispatch/news/regions/middle-east/syria/130226/saudi-arabia-arming-syrian-rebels-croatian-weapons |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705191322/https://theworld.org/dispatch/news/regions/middle-east/syria/130226/saudi-arabia-arming-syrian-rebels-croatian-weapons |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Between 2018 and 2023, both countries made a gradual reaprochement.<ref name=syrf23>{{cite web |title=Syrian FM makes first visit to Saudi Arabia since 2011 |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=12 April 2023 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/12/syrian-fm-makes-first-visit-to-saudi-arabia-since-2011 |access-date=13 April 2023}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of the [[Arab League]].  
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Korea}}||10 April 2025||{{small|See [[South Korea–Syria relations]]}}
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 2025.<ref name="mofa.gov.kr">{{cite web |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Republic of Korea and Syrian Arab Republic |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/brd/m_5676/view.do?seq=322782 |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea}}</ref>
* On February 8, 2025, Syrian Foreign Minister [[Asaad al-Shaibani]] met with Kim Eun-jeong, Director-General for African and Middle Eastern Affairs in Damascus. During the meeting, both parties conveyed their willingness to renew cooperation, which had been suspended since 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.plenglish.com/news/2025/02/08/syria-and-south-korea-expressed-willingness-to-resume-cooperation/ |title=Syria and South Korea expressed willingness to resume cooperation |publisher=Prensa Latina |date=8 February 2025 }}</ref> Three days later, the [[South Korean Foreign Ministry]] announced that the country would establish diplomatic relations with Syria.<ref>{{cite web |author=Ji Da-gyum |url=https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10417643 |title=S. Korea moves toward formal diplomatic ties with Syria |publisher=Korea Herald |date=11 February 2025 }}</ref>
* On 11 March 2025, a tentative deal was struck for both nations to establish diplomatic relations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2025 |title=Tentative deal reached with Syria on forming diplomatic ties |url=https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/policies/view?articleId=267869 |website=[[Korea.net]] |access-date=13 March 2025}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Ossetia}}||22 July 2018|| 
* Syria had recognized South Ossetia and maintaied diplomatic relations with [[Tskhinvali]].<ref name="RFE/RL 2018"/>
*The status of Syria's relationship with South Ossetia is presently unknown following the [[fall of the al-Assad regime]] on 8 December 2024.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}|| 10 May 1969||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dates of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Sri Lanka |archive-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321072720/https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Syria is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in [[New Delhi]].
*Sri Lanka is accredited to Syria from its embassy in Beirut, but it has an honorary consulate in Damascus.<ref name="auto12"/>
*Syrian President [[Hafez al-Assad]] visited [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka in 1976.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Turkey}}||8 March 1946||{{small|See [[Syria–Turkey relations]]}}
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1946.<ref name="auto22"/>
Diplomatic relations suspended since 2011.
Syrian–Turkish relations have long been strained even though [[Turkey]] shares its longest common border with Syria and various other geographic, cultural, and historical links tie the two neighboring states together.

This friction has been due to disputes including the self annexation of the [[Hatay Province]] to Turkey in 1939, [[Water politics#Middle East|water disputes]] resulting from the [[Southeastern Anatolia Project]], and Syria's support for the outlawed [[Kurdistan Workers' Party]] (PKK) and the [[Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia]] (ASALA), but relations have improved greatly since October 1998; when PKK leader [[Abdullah Öcalan]] was expelled by Syrian authorities.

Syria had embassy in [[Ankara]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=5 July 2023|title=Suriye Ankara Büyükelçiliği|url=http://www.suriyekonsoloslugu.org/ankara-buyukelciligi|work=suriyekonsoloslugu.org|archive-date=5 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705191324/http://www.suriyekonsoloslugu.org/ankara-buyukelciligi|url-status=dead}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> and two consulates–general in [[Istanbul]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=5 July 2023|title=Suriye İstanbul Başkonsolosluğu|url=http://www.suriyekonsoloslugu.org/istanbul-baskonsoloslugu|work=suriyekonsoloslugu.org|archive-date=5 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705191322/http://www.suriyekonsoloslugu.org/istanbul-baskonsoloslugu|url-status=dead}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> and [[Gaziantep]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=5 July 2023|title=Suriye Gaziantep Başkonsolosluğu|url=http://www.suriyekonsoloslugu.org/suriye-gaziantep-baskonsoloslugu|work=suriyekonsoloslugu.org|archive-date=5 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705191323/http://www.suriyekonsoloslugu.org/suriye-gaziantep-baskonsoloslugu|url-status=dead}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>

Both countries have been full members of the [[Union for the Mediterranean]] and the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] (OIC), although Syria's membership in the former was suspended in 2011<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2013 |title=Union for the Mediterranean: time for parliaments to play their role {{!}} News {{!}} European Parliament |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/world/20130322STO06744/union-for-the-mediterranean-time-for-parliaments-to-play-their-role |access-date=5 July 2023 |publisher=European Parliament}}</ref><ref name="member-states">{{Cite web|url=https://ufmsecretariat.org/who-we-are/member-states/|title=Member States}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-14-232_en.htm|title=Memo|date=27 March 2014|access-date=13 February 2016|publisher=[[European Commission]]}}</ref> as well as from the latter in 2012.<ref name="Alsharif 2012">{{cite web | last=Alsharif | first=Asma | title=Organization of Islamic Cooperation suspends Syria | website=U.S. | date=16 August 2012 | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-islamic-summit-idUSBRE87E19F20120816 | access-date=16 February 2019}}</ref>

Because of the [[Syrian civil war]] relations between Syria and Turkey have become increasingly tense. Turkey closed its embassy in [[Damascus]] on 26 March 2012,<ref name="Balci 2012">{{cite web | last=Balci | first=Bayram | title=Turkey's Relations with the Syrian Opposition | website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace | date=13 April 2012 | url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2012/04/turkeys-relations-with-the-syrian-opposition?lang=en | access-date=16 February 2019}}</ref> as well as its consulate–general in [[Aleppo]].{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} In April 2012 it hosted the second meeting of the [[Friends of Syria]], the Arab-Western coalition in support of the Syrian opposition.<ref name="Balci 2012"/>

Turkey has been taking in refugees from Syria, although abuse and injustice towards the Syrian refugees has been reported. Relations have further been degraded due to a serious incident that occurred with the Syrian downing of a Turkish military training flight in June 2012. Relations worsened further in May 2013 following a border incident involving two car bombs exploding in the town of Reyhanlı, Hatay Province, Turkey. At least 43 people were killed and 140 more were injured in the attack. The car bombs were left outside Reyhanlı's town hall and post office. The first exploded at around 13:45 local time (10:45 GMT)[40] and the second exploded about 15 minutes later.

The issue that cemented the crack in the relations was Turkey's reported dealings with the [[Islamic State]] (an enemy of the Syrian government) in oil and weapons by various sources. A video surfacing of the Islamic State being unopposed by Turkish security as they traveled across the border between Syria, questions more of Turkey's alleged role of simply fighting terrorism.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}

Turkish Military troops attacked the Kurdish backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) on 8 October 2019, after the acting US President [[Donald Trump]] recalled US military troops from Syria the previous day. The US action to move troops out of the region was done so solely by the US president with stern disapproval by US military intelligence departments.

Turkey re-established diplomatic relations with Syria on 14 December 2024, following the [[fall of the al-Assad regime]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2024/12/turkey-appoints-charge-daffaires-at-its-embassy-in-damascus/ | title=Turkey appoints charge d'affaires at its embassy in Damascus | date=13 December 2024 }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||19 January 1972||{{small|See [[Syria–United Arab Emirates relations|Syria–UAE relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 January 1972.<ref>{{Cite book |title=ARR: Arab Report and Record |publisher=Economic Features, Limited |year=1972 |pages=38}}</ref>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi]] and a consulate-general in [[Dubai]]. 
*UAE has an embassy in Damascus.
*Both countries are members of the [[Arab League]].  
*In 2016, the Emirates was planning to normalize its relations with Syria, but was barred by the US.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/30/syria-year-cemented-assad-victory-trump-us-troops|title=Syria: Assad has decisively won his brutal battle|accessdate=30 December 2018|website=The Guardian| date=30 December 2018 }}</ref> 
*UAE re-opened its Damascus embassy in December 2018.<ref name="Al Jazeera 2019 Qatar" /> 
*In November 2021, the UAE Foreign Minister [[Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] travelled to Damascus to meet Bashar al-Assad. He was the first Emirati official to visit Syria, since the war. The US strongly opposed efforts to normalize ties with Syria. 
*On 18 March 2022, Assad travelled to the UAE to meet Emirati leaders, including Abu Dhabi's Sheikh [[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] and Dubai's Sheikh [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]]. It was Assad's first visit to an Arab nation since 2011.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assad: Syria's leader makes historic visit to UAE |publisher=BBC News |date=19 March 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-60804050 |access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref> On 19 March 2023, Assad visited the UAE again, with his wife [[Asma al-Assad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-assad-arrives-uae-official-visit-state-media-2023-03-19/|title=Syria's Assad arrives in United Arab Emirates in official visit |accessdate=19 March 2023|work=Reuters |date=19 March 2023 }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Yemen}}||23 May 1965||{{small|See [[Syria–Yemen relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 May 1965.<ref name="auto19"/>
* Syria has an embassy in [[Sanaa]].<ref name="mofaex.gov.sy"/>
*Between 2014 and 2023, Yemen's embassy in Damascus (and its ambassador) was under supervision of Houthi-led [[Supreme Political Council]].<ref name="ym3"/>
*In 2023, Syria returned embassy to the [[Cabinet of Yemen|internationally recognized Yemeni government]].<ref name="ym3">{{Cite news|url=https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/4602651-syria-returns-yemeni-embassy-damascus-legitimate-gov%E2%80%99t|title=Syria Returns Yemeni Embassy in Damascus to Legitimate Gov't|work=Asharq Al-Awsat|date=13 October 2023|access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref>
*Both countries normalized relations in 2023.<ref name="ym3"/>
*Both countries are members of the [[Arab League]].  
|}

===Europe===
{{Main|Syria–European Union relations}}
The [[Czech Republic]] and [[Austria]] were the only [[European Union]] countries which never closed its embasies in Damascus throughout the Syrian civil war.<ref name="euronews" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=LL |title=Österreich in Kontakt mit Syriens neuen Machthaber |url=https://www.heute.at/s/oesterreich-in-kontakt-mit-syriens-neuen-machthaber-120079956 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=Heute.at |language=de}}</ref> [[Greece]] and [[Cyprus]] re-established diplomatic relations with Syria and opened their embassies in 2021, making them the first [[European Union|EU]] countries to do so.<ref name="nationalinterest.org">{{Cite web|url=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/it-time-europe-reopen-its-embassies-syria-187822|title = Is It Time for Europe to Reopen Its Embassies in Syria?|date = 20 June 2021}}</ref> [[Bulgaria]], [[Hungary]] and [[Romania]] appointed a [[chargé d'affaires]] to their diplomatic missions in the country.<ref name="euronews"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/syria/about-ambassador_en?s=209 |title=About The Chargé d'Affaires of the European Union to Syria |publisher=Europa (web portal) |date=29 July 2021 }}</ref> In July 2024, [[Italy]] decided to re-establish relations with Syria, appoint its special envoy and chargé d'affaires to the country and reopen its embassy in Damascus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240726-italy-appoints-envoy-to-syria-to-turn-spotlight-on-country-fm-says/#amp_tf=Z%C2%A0dom%C3%A9ny%20%251%24s&aoh=17220008479094&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20240726-italy-appoints-envoy-to-syria-to-turn-spotlight-on-country-fm-says%2F|title=Italy appoints Envoy to Syria to 'turn spotlight' on country, FM says|publisher=Middle East Monitor|access-date=27 July 2024|date=26 July 2024}}</ref> Following the [[fall of the Assad regime]], [[Germany]] and [[France]] became the first European Union countries to visit Damascus.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/german-french-foreign-ministers-meet-syrias-new-leaders/a-71207635 |title=German, French foreign ministers meet Syria's new leaders |publisher=DW |date=3 January 2024 }}</ref> On 16 January 2025, Spain reopened its Embassy in Damascus.<ref name="arabnews.com">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-16 |title=Spain raises flag at Damascus embassy after 12-year closure |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2586666/middle-east |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> On 20 March 2025, Germany reopened its Embassy in Damascus.<ref name="nisreen">{{Cite web |last=nisreen |date=2025-03-20 |title=Germany reopens its embassy in Syria, 13 years after it was closed |url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=350179 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=Syrian Arab News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| '''Country'''
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Austria}}||7 February 1952||{{small|See [[Austria–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 February 1952.<ref name="auto9"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Vienna]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.embassypages.com/syria-embassy-vienna-austria|title=Syrian Embassy, Vienna}}</ref>
*Austria has an embassy in Damascus since 1978.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Österreich |first=Außenministerium der Republik |title=Bilaterale Beziehungen |url=https://www.bmeia.gv.at/oeb-damaskus/bilaterale-beziehungen |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=www.bmeia.gv.at |language=de-AT}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belarus}}||26 August 1993||{{small|See [[Belarus–Syria relations]]}}
* The diplomatic relations between Belarus and Syria started on 26 August 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cooperation in Political Sphere |url=https://syria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/#:~:text=The%20diplomatic%20relations%20between%20the,in%20Belarus%20–%20since%20July%202007. |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Syrian Arab Republic |archive-date=2 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802051635/https://syria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/#:~:text=The%20diplomatic%20relations%20between%20the,in%20Belarus%20–%20since%20July%202007. |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Syria has an embassy in [[Minsk]].
* Belarus has an embassy in Damascus. Belarusian diplomatic personnel were withdrawn from Syria on 15 December 2024.<ref>https://x.com/BelarusMFA/status/1868363622826594772</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belgium}}||20 March 1946||{{small|See [[Belgium–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 March 1946 when has been appointed M.R. Taymans as Chargé d'Affaires of Belgium to Syria with residence in Beirut.<ref name="auto29"/>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Brussels]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://mofaex.gov.sy/brussels-embassy/en/pages907/Legalization-of-invoices | title=Embassy of the Syrian Arab Republic in Brussels | access-date=31 July 2022 | archive-date=26 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226201726/http://mofaex.gov.sy/brussels-embassy/en/pages907/Legalization-of-invoices | url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Embassy of Belgium in [[Damascus]] was closed on 29 March 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-belgium-syria-idUSBRE82S0SB20120329|title=Belgium closes its embassy in Syria|work=Reuters|date=29 March 2012}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}||1 December 1994||
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa |url=https://mvp.gov.ba/vanjska_politika_bih/bilateralni_odnosi/datumi_priznanja_i_uspostave_diplomatskih_odnosa/?id=6 |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}</ref>
* Syria is accredited to Bosnia from its embassy in [[Belgrade]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}||24 August 1954||{{small|See [[Bulgaria–Syria relations]]}}
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 August 1954.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878–2005) |url=http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%2520%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%2520%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2588%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826071151/http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.doc |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 August 2018 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=filip-nikolov.com |language=bg}}</ref>
* Syria has an embassy in [[Sofia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syrianembassybg.org/ |title=Syrian embassy in Sofia }} {{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Since May 1955, Bulgaria has embassy in Damascus and an honorary consulate in [[Aleppo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.bg/damascus/ |title=Министерство на външните работи |publisher=Mfa.bg |access-date=9 October 2015 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016034600/http://www.mfa.bg/damascus/}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Croatia}}||29 August 1997||{{small|See [[Croatia–Syria relations]]}}
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 August 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Date of Recognition and Establishment od Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=mvep.gov.hr}}</ref>
*Syria is represented in Croatia through its embassy in [[Budapest]] and its honorary consulate in [[Zagreb]].
*Croatia is represented in Syria through its embassy in [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]] and an honorary consulate in Damascus. 
*Diplomatic relations were terminated in 2012.<ref name=pusic>{{cite news|title=Vesna Pusić u Istanbulu na sastanku skupine Prijatelja Sirije |url=http://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/vesna-pusic-istanbulu-sastanku-skupine-prijatelja-sirije-clanak-393429 |newspaper=[[Večernji list]] |date=1 April 2012 |accessdate=6 December 2012}}</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cyprus}}||1 February 1962||
{{small|See [[Cyprus–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 February 1962 when Cyprus has agreed to the appointment of Thabit al-Aris, as Syrian Ambassador to Cyprus.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lWoSDG36GH4C&dq=Cyprus+government+has+agreed+to+appoint+Thabit+al-Aris+as+Syrian+Ambassador+to+Cyprus&pg=RA1-PP2 |title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 24–25 |publisher=United States. Central Intelligence Agency |year=1962 |access-date=30 September 2023}}</ref>
* Syria has an embassy in [[Nicosia]].
* Cyprus has an embassy in Damascus.
* Both countries re-established relations in 2021.<ref name="euronews">{{Cite news|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2021/06/17/which-eu-states-are-rebuilding-diplomatic-relations-with-assad-s-syria|title=Which EU states are rebuilding diplomatic relations with Assad's Syria?|author=Sandrine Amiel|newspaper=[[Euronews]]|date=17 June 2021|accessdate=23 May 2023}}</ref> 
*Syrian president [[Bashar al-Assad]] became the first Syrian head of state to visit Cyprus in November 2010, resulting in the signing of five agreements between the two countries and pledges to work closer together on issues of common interest. 
*Christofias awarded al-Assad the [[Order of Makarios III|Grand Collar of the Order of Makarios III]], while the Syrian leader presented Christofias with the National Order of Ummayya with the Grand Sash.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120225130644/http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/All/20F4043795FCB29FC22571E2001ED158/$file/Syria.pdf?OpenElement Cyprus Foreign Affairs: List of bilateral treaties with Syria]
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|{{flag|Czech Republic}}||20 September 1946 ||
*Syria and Czechoslovakia established diplomatic relations on 20 September 1946.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pavol Petruf |year=2007 |title=Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 |url=http://forumhistoriae.sk/sites/default/files/petruf_ceskoslovenska_zahranicna_politika.pdf |access-date=30 September 2023 |page=97 |language=sk}}</ref>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Prague]].
*Czech Republic has an embassy in Damascus.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Denmark}}||6 July 1953<br>(relations suspended 2012)||{{small|See [[Denmark–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1953 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and plenipotentiary of Syria to Denmark with residence in Stockholm Jamal E. D. Farra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kongelig Dansk Hof-og Stats Kalender 1954 |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/910764.pdf |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=slaegtsbibliotek.dk |page=[22] |language=da}}</ref>
*Syria is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in [[Stockholm]].<ref name="SyrScand"/>
*Denmark was represented in Syria through its embassy in Damascus until 2012, when relations between the two countries were severed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2022/1/11/how-Denmark-hard-line-Syrian-refugees-aid-group-ethical-dilemma|title=How Denmark's hard line on Syrian refugees is an aid group's ethical dilemma|website=theumanitarian. org|access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> 
* Following the [[Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy]] and subsequent attack on the Danish embassy in 2006, relations between the two countries were greatly strained.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Finland}}||22 May 1953
|
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1953.<ref name="auto36"/>
*Syria is accredited to Finland from its embassy in [[Stockholm]].<ref name="SyrScand">{{cite web|url=http://www.syrianembassy.se/Engelska/index.htm|title=Syrian Embassy Stockholm|website=Syrianembassy.se|access-date=19 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218202151/http://www.syrianembassy.se/Engelska/index.htm|archive-date=18 February 2015}}</ref>
* Finland had an embassy in [[Damascus]] which closed in March 2012, and two honorary consulates in [[Aleppo]] and [[Latakia]].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110820172753/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17339&culture=en-US&contentlan=2 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland about relations with Syria]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||18 June 1946||{{small|See [[France–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1946.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Liste chronologique des ambassadeurs, envoyes extraordinaires, ministres plenipotentiaires et charges d'affaires de France a etranger depuis 1945 |url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/maep0035-0120_cle8a5377.pdf |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=diplomatie.gouv.fr |page=100 |language=fr}}</ref>
* Syria has an embassy in [[Paris]] and honorary consulates in [[Marseille]] and [[Pointe-à-Pitre]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/conseils-aux-voyageurs/conseils-par-pays-destination/syrie/|title=REPRÉSENTATIONS DIPLOMATIQUES ET CONSULAIRES SYRIEN EN FRANCE|website=diplomatie.gouv.fr|access-date=18 June 2023}}</ref> 
* France had an embassy in Damascus and a consulate general in [[Aleppo]], both were closed on 2 March 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/syria/|title=Syria – Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs|access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref>
*[[France]] was the first Western country to give recognition to the SOC on 13 November 2012.<ref name="Talmon">Stefan Talmon [https://academic.oup.com/chinesejil/article/12/2/219/315072 Recognition of Opposition Groups as the Legitimate Representative of a People], ''Chinese Journal of International Law'', Volume 12, Issue 2, 1 June 2013, Pages 219–253, https://doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmt014 Published: 5 May 2013</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Germany}}
|14 October 1952{{efn|Syria and Egypt formed together the [[United Arab Republic]] from 22 February 1958, to 28 September 1961. Syria regained its independence on 28 September 1961, and Egypt kept the name "United Arab Republic" until 1971.}} 
|{{small|See [[Germany–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 October 1952.<ref name="auto31"/>
* Syria has an [[Embassy of Syria, Berlin|embassy in Berlin]] and honorary consulate in [[Bremen]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Syrien|url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/aussenpolitik/laender/syrien-node/vertretungensyrien/204266|access-date=14 October 2022|language=de}}</ref>
* The German embassy in Damascus was reopened on 20 March 2025.<ref name="nisreen"/>
*Germany hosts the most [[Syrian refugees]] in the [[EU]].
*Relations were severed from 1965 to 1974 after Germany's establishing relations with Israel.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Greece}}||24 June 1947||{{small|See [[Greece–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1947 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and minister Plenipotentiary of Greece to Syria with residence in Cairo Mr. Georges Triandafyllides.<ref name="auto40"/>
* Syria has an embassy in [[Athens]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.syrianembassy.gr/ |title=Syrian embassy in Athens |access-date=25 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610192238/http://www.syrianembassy.gr/ |archive-date=10 June 2009}}</ref>
* Greece has an embassy in Damascus.
* On 8 May 2020, the Greek Foreign Minister [[Nikos Dendias]] announced a restoration of relations between Greece and Syria and assigned former ambassador to Syria and Russia, Tasia Athanassiou, as a Special Envoy of Greece's Foreign Ministry for Syria.
*See [[Greeks in Syria]]
* [https://www.mfa.gr/en/blog/greece-bilateral-relations/syria/  Greek Foreign Affairs Ministry about relations with Syria]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Holy See}}||21 February 1953||{{small|See [[Holy See–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1953.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations of the Holy See |url=https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/diplomatic-relations-of-the-holy-see.php |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations}}</ref>
* Syria has an embassy in [[Rome]].
* The Holy See has a [[Apostolic Nunciature to Syria|nunciature]] in Damascus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dxxsy.html|title=Syria (Nunciature) [Catholic-Hierarchy]|author=David M. Cheney|access-date=20 February 2015}}</ref>
* At present, the Holy See has comparatively good relations with Syria. It has sought to foster ecumenism between rival Christian factions in [[Antioch]] and to ensure the survival of age-old Christian communities in the country. The declaration ''[[Nostra aetate]]'' has made possible inter-faith dialogue and cooperation with Syrian Muslims.
* Some Vatican leaders have also sought to foster greater political independence for [[Lebanon]], which has been tied to Syria since the end of the Lebanese civil war. This call for Lebanese independence has traditionally been resisted by Syrian leaders.
* John Paul II visited Syria in 2001 and was the first pope to have been to an Islamic mosque, the [[Umayyad Mosque]] in Damascus,<ref name="Mosque">{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1316812.stm|title=Mosque visit crowns Pope's tour|last=Plett|first=Barbara|date=7 May 2001|publisher=BBC News|access-date=1 January 2009}}</ref> which includes the relics of [[John the Baptist]].
* Syrian President [[Bashar al-Assad]] attended Pope John Paul II's funeral.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=2952&dos=47&size=A|title=Assad Attended John Paul II's Funeral|website=asianews.it|date=4 April 2005}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Hungary}}||13 October 1954<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/bittersweet-friendships-relations-between-hungary-and-the-middle-east-1953-1988|title=Bittersweet Friendships: Relations between Hungary and the Middle East, 1953–1988|website=wilsoncenter.org|date=5 November 2015 }}</ref>||{{small|See [[Hungary–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 October 1954.<ref name=":23">{{Cite book |title=Hungary |publisher=Pannonia Press |year=1969 |pages=100}}</ref>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Budapest]].
*Hungary has an embassy in Damascus and honorary consulates in [[Aleppo]] and [[Latakia]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://konzinfo.mfa.gov.hu/en/embassies|title=SYRIA – EMBASSY, DAMASCUS|website=Hungary Consular Services|access-date=18 June 2023}}</ref>
*Hungary sent diplomats to procure consular affairs in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1553061|title=Hungary to appoint Syria diplomat in thawing of ties|publisher=Arab News|date=19 September 2019|access-date=10 June 2022}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ireland}}||18 July 1975
|
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 July 1975.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* Syria is represented in Ireland through its embassy in [[Paris]], France.<ref name="mofaex.gov.sy"/>
* Ireland is represented in Syria through its embassy in [[Cairo]], Egypt and an honorary consulate in Damascus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dfa.ie/embassies/irish-embassies-abroad/middle-east-and-north-africa/ |title=Diplomatic and Consular Information for the Middle East and North Africa |publisher=Department of Foreign Affairs of Ireland |access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Italy}}||27 September 1947||{{small|See [[Italy–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 1947 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Italy to Syria Mr. Luigi Cortese.<ref name="auto30"/>
* Syrian embassy in [[Rome]] was reopened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.alwatanonline.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF/|title=
السفارة السورية في روما تعلن عن بدء تقديمها الخدمات القنصلية لأبناء الجالية السورية اعتباراً من اليوم الثلاثاء 2024/11/12}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/how-is-italy-dealing-with-syria-s-bashar-al-assad-56381|title=How is Italy dealing with Syria's Bashar al Assad?|first=Giorgio|last=Cafiero|website=How is Italy dealing with Syria's Bashar al Assad?}}</ref>
* Italian embassy in Damascus was reopened in 2024, after its closure at early stage of war in March 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://alwatan.sy/archives/410846|title=رافنيان: أبدأ عملي بحماس … القائم بأعمال سفارة إيطاليا يصل دمشق|publisher=Al Watan.sy|access-date=21 November 2024|date=21 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="embassy close">{{Cite web |last=Goldman |first=Yoel |title=Saudi Arabia, Italy and Holland close embassies in Syria |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/saudi-arabi-italy-and-holland-close-embassies-in-syria/ |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=The Times of Israel}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
*In 2019, Italy announced it was considering re-opening its embassy,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.italianinsider.it/?q=node/7676|title=Thousands object to reopening of Italian embassy in Syria|website=italianinsider.it|access-date=6 April 2019}}</ref> and in July 2024 it decided to appoint an ambassador to Syria, the first such move since 2012. Italy is the first [[G7]] nation to restore diplomatic ties with Syria.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/italy-appoints-ambassador-syria-turn-spotlight-country-foreign-minister-says-2024-07-26/ |title=Italy appoints ambassador to Syria to 'turn spotlight' on country, foreign minister says |work=Reuters|date=26 July 2024 }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Moldova}}||20 May 1993||
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Republica Arabă Siriană |url=https://mfa.gov.md/ro/content/republica-araba-siriana |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=mfa.gov.md |language=ro}}</ref>
* Syria is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in [[Bucharest]] and honorary consulate in [[Chișinău]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mofaex.gov.sy/ar/embassies/#europe |title=Syrian embassies in Europe |access-date=26 November 2024 |archive-date=7 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207185154/https://mofaex.gov.sy/ar/embassies/#europe |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Netherlands}}||24 January 1952||{{small|See [[Netherlands–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1952 when Mr. Knoop Koopmans was accredited to Syria.<ref name="auto9"/>
*Syria is accredited to the Netherlands from its embassy in [[Brussels]].
*The Netherlands closed its embassy in Syria in March 2012.<ref name="embassy close"/>
|-
|{{Flag|Norway}}
|11 August 1948
|{{small|See [[Norway–Syria relations]]}}
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 August 1948.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 1999 |title=Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater |url=https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/protokoll/diplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=regjeringen.no |language=no}}</ref>
*Syria is accredited to Norway from its embassy in [[Stockholm]].<ref name="SyrScand"/>
*Norwegian embassy in Damascus was closed in March 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |author= Zondag, Martin Herman Wiedswang |title= – Indirekte er ambassadestenging et politisk signal |trans-title= – In an indirect manner, closing embassy is a political signal |url= http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.8051130 |publisher= [[Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation|NRK]] |language= no |date= 26 March 2012 |access-date= 27 March 2012}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Poland}}||18 September 1945||
*Both countries established diplomatic relationbs on 18 September 1945.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Bogdan |last=Grzeloński |title=Dyplomacja polska w XX wieku |publisher=Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie |year=2006 |pages=127 |language=pl}}</ref>
* Syria has an embassy in [[Warsaw]].
* Poland had an embassy in Damascus which closed in July 2012 due to security reasons.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Polska zamknęła ambasadę w Damaszku. Dyplomaci opuścili Syrię |url=https://tvn24.pl/swiat/polska-zamknela-ambasade-w-damaszku-dyplomaci-opuscili-syrie-ra267462-3504955 |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=TVN24 |date=27 July 2012 |language=pl}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Portugal}}||19 February 1975||
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations of Portugal |url=https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/en/bilateral-relations/general-countries/syria-ing |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal}}</ref>
*Syria is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in [[Madrid]].
*Portugal is accredited to Syria from its embassy in [[Nicosia]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Romania}}||9 August 1955||{{small|See [[Romania–Syria relations]]}}
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 1955.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations of Romania |url=https://www.mae.ro/en/node/2187 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
* Syria has an embassy in [[Bucharest]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=6043&idlnk=4&cat=6|title=Ministerul Afacerilor Externe|publisher=Mae.ro|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
* Romania has an embassy in [[Damascus]] and 2 honorary consulates in [[Aleppo]] and [[Latakia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=6341&idlnk=4&cat=6|title=Ministerul Afacerilor Externe|publisher=Mae.ro|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Russia}}||25 July 1944||{{small|See [[Russia–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 July 1944.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OKZBAAAAIAAJ&dq=ussr+and+syria+established+diplomatic+relations+29+July+1944&pg=PA30 |title=Soviet Political Agreements and Results, Revised to January 1, 1964 |publisher=United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary |year=1964 |pages=30 |access-date=30 September 2023}}</ref>
*Syria has an [[Embassy of Syria in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]].
*Russia has an [[Embassy of Russia, Damascus|embassy in Damascus]] and a consulate in [[Aleppo]].
*As with most of the [[Arab world|Arab countries]], Russia enjoys a historically strong and stable friendly relationship with Syria.
*Since 1971, Russia has leased port facilities in [[Tartus]] for its naval fleet. Between 1992 and 2008 these facilities were much in disrepair, however, works have commenced concurrent with the [[2008 South Ossetia war]] to improve the port's facilities to support an increased Mediterranean presence of the [[Russian Navy]].
*Russia is believed to have sent Syria dozens of Iskander missiles.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Paul Alster|title= Russians moving into Syria. Strategic alliance include fleet, missiles|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/when-it-comes-to-syria-russia-sends-missiles-mixed-signals/|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=22 December 2012 |access-date=10 March 2013}}</ref>
*Russia has been strongly supporting Syria in the [[Syrian civil war]], especially since the start of an [[Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war|air campaign in 2015]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Serbia}}||18 May 1946||{{small|See [[Serbia–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 May 1946 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Yugoslavia to Syria Mr. Esref Badnjevic.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/syria-from-foreign-office-files/FO%20501_1/page/28/mode/1up?q=ambassador+credence+Lebanon |title=Heads of Foreign Missions in Syria, 1947 |publisher=Syria from Foreign Office files 1947–1956 |year=1947 |pages=34 |access-date=30 September 2023}}</ref>
*Syria has an embassy in [[Belgrade]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.embassypages.com/syria-embassy-belgrade-serbia|title=Embassy of Syria in Belgrade, Serbia}}</ref>
*Serbia has an embassy in Damascus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srbija-damask.org/English/index_english.html|title=Official presentation of the Republic of Serbia in Damascus – Syria|access-date=19 February 2015}}</ref> 
* Also, Syria is a member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] and Serbia is an observer state.
*Serbia was of the few close allies in Europe of the Baathist Syrian government.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Slovakia}}||1 January 1993||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mzv.sk/syria|title=Sýria &#124; Ministerstvo zahraničných vecí a európskych záležitostí SR}}</ref>
*Syria is accredited to Slovakia from its embassy in [[Vienna]] and honorary consulate in [[Bratislava]].<ref>[https://www.syriaconsulate.sk/ Honorárny konzul Sýrskej arabskej republiky na Slovensku]</ref>
*Slovakia had an embassy in Syria until 2012, when it transferred it to Beirut for security reasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/geopolitical-calendar-week-march-26-2012|title=Geopolitical Calendar: Week of March 26, 2012|work=Stratfor}}</ref> 
*In 2015, it was definitively moved to Beirut.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spravy.pravda.sk/domace/clanok/359884-zastupitelske-urady-slovenska-v-iraku-aj-syrii-koncia/|title=Slovak embassies in Iraq and Syria to be closed, moving to Lebanon.|work=Pravda.sk (Slovak)|date=28 June 2015}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Slovenia}}||25 August 1997||
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 August 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Priznanja samostojne Slovenije |url=https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |access-date=8 June 2022 |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426044554/https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Syria is accredited to Slovenia from its embassy in [[Vienna]].
*In November 2021, during a visit to the Syrian pavilion at [[Expo 2020]] in [[Dubai]], the ministerial delegation of Slovenia confirmed unofficially its interest in re-establishing relations with Syria.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=255857 | title=Slovenian delegation visits the Syrian pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai|date=26 November 2021|access-date=28 May 2022|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Spain}}||3 April 1948||{{small|See [[Spain–Syria relations]]}}
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 April 1948.<ref name="auto45"/><ref name="auto57"/>
* Syria has an embassy in [[Madrid]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Embajada de Siria – Ayuntamiento de Madrid |url=https://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/El-Ayuntamiento/Centro/Direcciones-y-telefonos/Embajada-de-Siria/?vgnextfmt=default&vgnextoid=95b2f3216571c010VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=cac1d47ffee28010VgnVCM100000dc0ca8c0RCRD |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=madrid.es |language=es}}</ref>
* Spain has an embassy in Damascus.<ref name="arabnews.com"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sweden}}||24 June 1947||{{small|See [[Sweden–Syria relations]]}}
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1947 when with accredation of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Sweden to Syria with residence in Cairo Mr. Widar Bagge.<ref name="auto40"/>
* Sweden has an embassy in Damascus and honorary consulate in Aleppo.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.swedenabroad.se/en/embassies/syria-damaskus/ | title=Embassy of Sweden Damascus, Syria }}</ref>
* Syria is represented in Sweden through its embassy in [[Stockholm]], Sweden.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.syrianembassy.se/Engelska/index.htm|title=Syrian Embassy Stockholm|publisher=Syrianembassy.se|access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218202151/http://www.syrianembassy.se/Engelska/index.htm|archive-date=18 February 2015}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Switzerland}}||1945||{{small|See [[Switzerland–Syria relations]]}}
*Syria has an consulate general in [[Geneva]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2022 |title=Embassy of Syria in Geneva, Switzerland – Embassy n Visa |url=https://embassynvisa.com/embassy-of-syria-in-geneva-switzerland/,%20https://embassynvisa.com/embassy-of-syria-in-geneva-switzerland/ |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=embassynvisa.com}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*Switzerland closed its embassy in Damascus in 2012 for security reasons.<ref name="Eidgenössisches Departement für auswärtige Angelegenheiten EDA">{{cite web | title=Bilateral relations Switzerland–Syria | website=Eidgenössisches Departement für auswärtige Angelegenheiten EDA | url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/representations-and-travel-advice/syria/switzerland-syria.html | access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref> 
* Switzerland has a humanitarian presence in Damascus since 2017, through an office that coordinates Swiss humanitarian activities in Syria. Although the embassy in Damascus is closed, diplomatic relations between Switzerland and Syria have not been broken off.<ref name="Eidgenössisches Departement für auswärtige Angelegenheiten EDA" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ukraine}}||31 March 1992||{{small|See [[Syria–Ukraine relations]]}}
*Syria recognised independent Ukraine on 28 December 1991. 
*Until 2011, relations were positive and mainly oriented on scientific-technical, trade and economic cooperation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://syria.mfa.gov.ua/en/ukraine-sy/diplomacy |title=Political dialogue between Ukraine and Syria – Embassy of Ukraine in Syrian Arab Republic |access-date=17 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217142318/https://syria.mfa.gov.ua/en/ukraine-sy/diplomacy |archive-date=17 February 2019}}</ref>
*After 11 years of frozen relations, Ukraine severed diplomatic relations with Syria on 30 June 2022, when Damascus recognized the [[Donetsk People's Republic|Donetsk]] and [[Luhansk People's Republic]]s.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-syria-diplomatic-ties-russia-assad/31922447.html | title=Ukraine Cuts Diplomatic Ties with Syria After It Recognizes Eastern Regions as Independent | work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty | date=30 June 2022 }}</ref>
*Syria formally broke its diplomatic ties to Ukraine on 20 July 2022, citing the [[Reciprocity (international relations)|principle of reciprocity]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Syria, a close Russia ally, breaks diplomatic ties with Ukraine |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/20/syria-formally-breaks-diplomatic-ties-with-ukraine |date=2022-07-20 |work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref>
*Ukraine opened an honorary consulate in Damascus during a visit by foreign minister Andrii Sybiha to Syria on 30 December 2024, signalling a warming in relations following the [[fall of the Assad regime]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newsukraine.rbc.ua/news/ukraine-s-foreign-minister-meets-with-syria-1735554681.html|title=Ukraine's Foreign Minister meets with Syria's new leader in Damascus: Details|newspaper=RBC-Ukraine|date=30 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1873750799479881914 |user=MFA_Ukraine |title🇺🇦 Historic moment: The Ukrainian flag is raised over the Honorary Consulate of Ukraine in Damascus, Syria. |date=30 December 2024}}</ref>
*On 2 January 2025, Ukrainian President [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] announced plans to re-establish diplomatic relations with Syria.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 January 2025 |title=Zelenskiy says Ukraine preparing to resume diplomatic ties with Syria |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/zelenskiy-says-ukraine-preparing-resume-diplomatic-ties-with-syria-2025-01-02/ |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=20 January 2025}}</ref>
*Diplomatic relations were officially re-established on 24 September 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/article-868489|title=Ukraine restores diplomatic relations with Syria, Zelensky says|agency=[[Reuters]]|newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|date=25 September 2025|access-date=25 September 2025}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}||21 May 1942||{{small|See [[Syria–United Kingdom relations]]}}
[[File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy visits Saudi Arabia (54261873821).jpg|thumb|right|[[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|British Foreign Secretary]] [[David Lammy]] with [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (Syria)|Syrian Foreign Minister]] [[Asaad al-Shaibani]] in Riyadh, January 2025.]]
Syria re-established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 5 July 2025.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=[[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office]]|last2=Lammy|first2=David|author2-link=David Lammy|date=5 July 2025|title=UK re-establishes diplomatic relations with Syria in first ministerial visit for 14 years|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-re-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-syria-in-first-ministerial-visit-for-14-years|access-date=2 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250705154227/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-re-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-syria-in-first-ministerial-visit-for-14-years|archive-date=5 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Syria's [[Embassy of Syria, London|embassy]] in London remains closed despite the re-establishment of diplomatic relations.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Shehadi|first=Lemma|date=29 July 2025|title=Frustration with UK over slow-walk Damascus ties as embassy remains closed|website=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/uk/2025/07/29/frustration-with-uk-over-slow-walk-damascus-ties-as-embassy-remains-closed/|access-date=2 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250729113841/https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/uk/2025/07/29/frustration-with-uk-over-slow-walk-damascus-ties-as-embassy-remains-closed/|archive-date=29 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
*The UK 's embassy in [[Damascus]] is currently closed with all consular operations suspended.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-damascus|title=British Embassy Damascus|website=GOV.UK|access-date=2 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250706134925/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-damascus|archive-date=6 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> 
Both countries share common membership of the [[United Nations]], the [[World Health Organization]], and the [[World Trade Organization]]. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author-link=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office |author=((Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office)) |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries|title=Country and regional development partnership summaries|website=GOV.UK|date=17 July 2023 |access-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526234739/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries|archive-date=26 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==Membership in international organizations==
Syria is a member of the [[Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa]],<ref name="intro">{{cite web|url=http://www.badea.org/|title=Introduction|website=Badea.org}}</ref> [[Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development]],<ref name="Welcome to Arab Fund for Economic & Social Development">{{cite web | title=Member States | website=Welcome to Arab Fund for Economic & Social Development | url=http://www.arabfund.org/Default.aspx?pageId=129&mid=235 | access-date=11 June 2021 | archive-date=29 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129220419/https://www.arabfund.org/Default.aspx?pageId=129&mid=235 | url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Arab Industrial Development and Mining Organization]], [[Arab League]], [[Arab Monetary Fund]], [[Arab Parliament]], [[Arab States Broadcasting Union]], [[ALBA]] (observer), [[Asian–African Legal Consultative Organization]], [[Asian Parliamentary Assembly]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Member Parliaments |url=http://www.asianparliament.org/member-parliaments/ |website=asianparliament.org}}</ref> [[Association of Arab Universities]], [[Bureau International des Expositions]], [[Council of Arab Economic Unity]], [[Customs Cooperation Council]], [[Economic and Social Council (Arab League)|Economic and Social Council]], [[Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia]], [[European Broadcasting Union]] (associate member),<ref name = "EBU Associate Members">{{cite web|url=https://www.ebu.ch/about/members?type=associate|title=EBU – Members|date=28 February 2019|publisher=EBU.ch|access-date=7 July 2020}}</ref> [[Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges|FEAS]], [[Food and Agriculture Organization]], [[Group of 24]], [[Group of 77]], [[International Atomic Energy Agency]], [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]], [[International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes]], [[International Civil Aviation Organization]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icao.int/MemberStates/Member%20States.English.pdf|title=Member States|publisher=ICAO|access-date=19 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612030351/http://www.icao.int/MemberStates/Member%20States.English.pdf|archive-date=12 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> [[International Confederation of Arab Trade Unions]], [[International Chamber of Commerce]], [[International Development Association]],<ref name="IDA Graduates">{{cite web | title = IDA Graduates | publisher = International Development Association | author = International Development Association | url = http://ida.worldbank.org/about/ida-graduates | access-date = 13 June 2019}}</ref> [[Islamic Development Bank]] (suspended 2012),<ref name="Alsharif 2012" /> [[International Fund for Agricultural Development]], [[International Finance Corporation]], [[International Labour Organization]], [[International Monetary Fund]], [[International Maritime Organization]], [[Intelsat]], '''[[Interpol]]''',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interpol.int/Member-countries/Asia-South-Pacific/Syria |title=Syria / Asia & South Pacific / Member countries / Internet / Home – INTERPOL |access-date=29 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629155449/https://www.interpol.int/Member-countries/Asia-South-Pacific/Syria |archive-date=29 June 2018}}</ref> [[International Olympic Committee]], [[International Organization for Standardization]], [[International Renewable Energy Agency|IRENA]] (acceding), [[International Solar Alliance]], [[International Telecommunication Union]], [[Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency]], [[Non-Aligned Movement]], [[Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries]], [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]],<ref>{{cite web | title=OIC restores Syria's membership after more than decade of suspension | website=[[Middle East Monitor]] | date=2025-03-09 | url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20250309-oic-restores-syrias-membership-after-more-than-decade-of-suspension/ | access-date=2025-03-16}}</ref> [[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]] (joined 2013, suspended 2021),<ref name="Al Jazeera 2021 opcw">{{cite web | title=17 instances of chemical weapons used in Syria: Watchdog – United Nations News | publisher=Al Jazeera| date=4 June 2021 | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/4/opcw-suspects-17-instances-of-chemical-weapons-use-in-syria | access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref> [[Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail|OTIF]], [[Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean]], [[United Nations|UN]], [[UN Commission on Human Rights]], [[UN Conference on Trade and Development]], [[UNESCO]], [[UN Industrial Development Organization]], [[UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East]], [[Union for the Mediterranean]] (suspended 2011),<ref name="member-states"/> [[Universal Postal Union]], [[World Bank]], [[International Court of Justice|World Court]], [[World Customs Organization]], [[World Federation of Trade Unions]],<ref name="WFTU 2020">{{cite web | title=WFTU » Syria: The WFTU President is participating and addressed the 27th Congress of GFTU-Syria | publisher=WFTU | date=13 February 2020 | url=http://www.wftucentral.org/syria-the-wftu-president-addressed-the-27th-congress-gftu-syria/ | access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref> [[World Health Organization]], [[WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean]], [[World Intellectual Property Organization]], [[World Meteorological Organization]], [[World Tourism Organization]] and [[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies]].

Syria's two-year term as a nonpermanent member of the [[UN Security Council]] ended in December 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/countries-elected-members |title=Countries Elected Members |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 6 December 2021|publisher=United Nations Security Council |access-date=6 December 2021}}</ref> Syria was elected to the executive of the [[World Health Organization]] in 2021.<ref name="The Independent 2021">{{cite news | title=Protesters slam choice of Syria for board of UN health body | website=The Independent | date=31 May 2021 | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/protesters-slam-choice-of-syria-for-board-of-un-health-body-syria-world-health-organization-bashar-assad-idlib-un-watch-b1857120.html | access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Jaafari 2021">{{cite web | last=Jaafari | first=Shirin | title=Syrians outraged by WHO board election: 'It's like appointing a mass murderer to be the police chief' | website=The World from PRX | date=4 June 2021 | url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2021-06-04/syrians-outraged-who-board-election-it-s-appointing-mass-murderer-be-police-chief | access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref>

===Arab League===
Syria was temporarily suspended from the Arab League since the beginning of the [[Syrian civil war]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/12/syria-suspended-arab-league|work=The Guardian|author1=David Batty| author2=Jack Shenker|title=Syria suspended from Arab League|date=12 November 2011}}</ref> Six of the [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf]] recognised the [[Syrian National Coalition]] as Syria's only legitimate representative on 12 November 2012, but [[Iraq]], [[Algeria]] and [[Lebanon]] prevented the Arab League from following suit.<ref name="Reuters 2012">{{cite web|agency=Reuters|title=New Syrian opposition chief seeks recognition, arms|website=Antigua Observer Newspaper|date=13 November 2012|url=https://antiguaobserver.com/new-syrian-opposition-chief-seeks-recognition-arms/|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-date=24 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124005216/https://antiguaobserver.com/new-syrian-opposition-chief-seeks-recognition-arms/}}</ref> On 26 March 2013, at the [[Arab league summit 2013|Arab league summit]] in [[Doha]], the League recognised the [[National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces]], as the legitimate representatives of the Syrian people. The National Coalition was henceforth granted Damascus' seat at the summit.

This act of recognition was opposed by Algeria, Iraq and Lebanon.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130329144042/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2013-03/26/c_132263388.htm Arab League summit opens in Doha with focus on Syrian crisis] Xinhua News Agency. 23 March 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2014.</ref> On 9 March 2014, secretary general [[Nabil al-Arabi]] said that Syria's seat would remain vacant until the opposition completes the formation of its institutions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Mar-09/249749-syria-opposition-not-yet-ready-for-arab-league-seat.ashx|title=Syria opposition 'not yet ready for Arab League seat'|work=The Daily Star Newspaper – Lebanon|access-date=20 November 2014|archive-date=10 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310000406/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Mar-09/249749-syria-opposition-not-yet-ready-for-arab-league-seat.ashx#axzz2uAA4pFGD}}</ref> In late 2018, [[Egypt]], [[Tunisia]] and [[Morocco]] began lobbying for Syria's return to the League.<ref name="Al Jazeera 2019 Qatar"/>

In December 2018, after American president [[Donald Trump]] announced the partial withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria, some countries initiated reopening of their diplomatic relations with Syria. Diplomatic relations have returned with [[Iraq]], [[Saudi Arabia]] (in 2023), [[Egypt]] (after [[2013 Egyptian coup d'état|3 July 2013]]), [[Tunisia]], [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] (after 2018), [[Jordan]] (after 2021),<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/jordan-makes-a-u-turn-to-reintegrate-syria-into-the-regional-fold-50469|date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|publisher=TRT World|title=Jordan makes a U-turn to reintegrate Syria into the regional fold}}</ref> [[Lebanon]] (after 2021),<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=254782|title=Lebanon's relations with Syria outstanding, Hajj Hassan says|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|date=17 November 2021|access-date=5 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=253433|title=Syria, Lebanon discuss means to boost cooperation, integration|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|date=4 November 2021|access-date=5 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/lebanese-spy-chief-says-he-will-visit-syria-over-missing-us-reporter-2022-06-03/|work=Reuters|title=Lebanese spy chief says he will visit Syria over missing U.S. reporter |access-date=7 June 2022|date=3 June 2022}}</ref> [[Algeria]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/22999-syria-algeria-stress-unified-stance-on-need-to-combat-terrorism |title=Syria, Algeria Stress Unified Stance on Need to Combat Terrorism |work=Syria Times |date=29 March 2016 |access-date=29 March 2016 |archive-date=30 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930212754/http://syriatimes.sy/index.php/news/local/22999-syria-algeria-stress-unified-stance-on-need-to-combat-terrorism/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=277296|date=6 July 2022|access-date=23 July 2022 |agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|title=Algerian President, Mikdad discuss means of strengthening bilateral relations, issues of common interest}}</ref> [[Mauritania]] (after 2018),<ref name="arg"/> [[Bahrain]] (after 2018),<ref name=bhrel/> [[Kuwait]] (after 2018),<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-kuwait-idUSKCN1OU0VP|title=Kuwait expects more Arab countries to reopen embassies in Damascus: KUNA|work=Reuters|date=31 December 2018|access-date=5 May 2022}}</ref> [[Libya]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=187227|title=Libyan Embassy in Damascus reopened|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|date=3 March 2020|access-date=5 May 2022}}</ref> [[Oman]],<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/07/world/middleeast/syrian-foreign-minister-visits-oman-the-regional-conciliator.html|title=Syrian Official's Visit to Oman May Signal a Diplomatic Opening |last1=Gladstone|first1=Rick|newspaper=The New York Times|date=6 August 2015|access-date=28 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-oman/syrian-fm-in-rare-oman-visit-amid-heightened-diplomacy-idUSKCN0QB1J320150806|title=Syrian FM in rare Oman visit amid heightened diplomacy|work=Reuters|date=6 August 2015|access-date=28 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-oman/omani-foreign-minister-meets-syrias-assad-state-tv-idUSKCN0SK1HJ20151026|title=Omani foreign minister meets Syria's Assad: state TV|work=Reuters|date=26 October 2015|access-date=28 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2015/10/26/omans-foreign-minister-meets-syrias-bashar-al-assad-in-damascus|title=Oman's foreign minister meets Syria's Bashar al-Assad in Damascus|work=alaraby |publisher=Al-Araby|date=26 October 2015|access-date=28 February 2018}}</ref> [[Comoros]], [[Sudan]] (after 2018),<ref>{{cite web|date=23 November 2017|title=Sudan's President Bashir asks Putin for 'protection' from 'aggressive' US|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20171123-sudan-president-bashir-asks-putin-protection-aggressive-us|access-date=4 November 2021|publisher=France 24}}</ref> [[Yemen]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29319423|title=Yemen crisis: Why is there a war?|date=21 March 2019|access-date=25 September 2019}}</ref> [[Somalia]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=251130|title=Mikdad holds intensive meetings with heads of delegations at NAM High-Level Meeting|date=12 October 2021|access-date=6 May 2022|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency}}</ref> and [[Palestine]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sana.sy/en/?p=269893|title=President al-Assad receives congratulation cables on occasion of 76th anniversary of Independence Day|agency=Syrian Arab News Agency|date=20 April 2022|access-date=6 May 2022}}</ref>

Following the visit of Sudanese President [[Omar al-Bashir]], the Arab League initiated the process of readmission of the Syrian Arab Republic to the organization,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-arabs-idUSKCN1OQ1DB|title=Syria's return to Arab League requires Arab consensus: UAE minister|date=27 December 2018|work=Reuters|access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref> while the United Arab Emirates reopened their embassy in Syria on 27 December,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/uae-reopens-syrian-embassy-amid-regional-influence-race-11592901|title=UAE reopens Syrian embassy amid regional influence race|publisher=Sky News|access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref> and Bahrain<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/bahrain-reopens-embassy-in-syria/1350510|title=Bahrain reopens embassy in Syria|website=aa.com.tr|access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref> announced its intentions to reopen their embassies.

After the devastating [[2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake]], the Saudis, Emirati, Algerians, Iraqis and Jordanians contributed significantly to the relief effort. A week before, Al-Assad travelled to Oman for his first foreign visit since the quake.<ref name="aljazeera.com"/>

On 26 February 2023, President [[Bashar al-Assad]] had met with Iraqi, Jordanian, Palestinian, Libyan, Egyptian and Emirati speakers of legislative bodies, as well as representatives from [[Oman]] and [[Lebanon]] on behalf of Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union, to discuss further cooperation between the [[Arab states]] and Syria.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thearabweekly.com/arab-mps-headed-iraqs-halbousi-join-momentum-normalisation-damascus|title=Arab MPs, headed by Iraq's Halbousi, join momentum of normalisation with Damascus|work=The Arab Weekly|date=27 February 2023}}</ref>

In early April 2023, Saudi Arabia had invited Syria's Assad to the Arab League summit, ending regional isolation. On 13 April 2023, Syrian Foreign Minister [[Faisal Mekdad]] arrived in [[Jeddah]] to meet Saudi Foreign Minister Faisal bin Farhan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 April 2023 |title=Saudi Arabia, Syria welcome thaw in ties, agree to fight drug trafficking |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/isolated-syrias-fm-arrives-saudi-arabia-landmark-visit-2023-04-12/ |access-date=24 September 2024 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> After frayed relations during the Syrian civil war, both nations now seek "a political solution to the Syrian crisis that preserves the unity, security and stability of Syria," according to the Saudi foreign ministry.<ref name="syrf23"/>

On 15 April 2023, foreign ministers of [[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC]]+3 format met in Jeddah and discussed the return of Syria to the regional organisation and so called Arab peace plan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi Arabia and Syria discuss political solutions to latter's crises|work=Arab News|date=12 April 2023|access-date=13 April 2023
|url=https://arab.news/4fjbq}}</ref>

On 18 April 2023, Saudi [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Saudi Arabia)|Foreign Minister]] Prince [[Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud|Faisal bin Farhan]] travelled to [[Damascus]], met with Syrian President Assad and discussed further steps. The summit is scheduled for 19 May 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Yaakoubi |first1=Aziz El |last2=Gebeily |first2=Maya |date=2 April 2023 |title=Saudi Arabia to invite Syria's Assad to Arab leaders summit, ending regional isolation|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-invite-syrias-assad-arab-leaders-summit-sources-say-2023-04-02/ |access-date=7 July 2023}}</ref>

On 7 May 2023, at the meeting of the [[Council of the Arab League]] in [[Cairo]] composed of foreign ministers, was agreed to reinstate Syria's membership in the Arab League.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/05/07/Arab-foreign-ministers-to-discuss-Syria-s-return-to-Arab-League-Sudan-conflict|title=Arab foreign ministers agree to readmit Syria to the Arab League|publisher=[[Al Arabiya]]|date=7 May 2023}}</ref>

Earlier, Kuwait and Qatar had opposed al-Assad's presence at the Arab League summit. The regional normalisation effort had caught the U.S. and its European allies by surprise, as they were opposing an "Arab-led political path" in solving the crisis. According to the statement, al-Assad would be allowed to the meeting on 19 May 2023, if "he wishes to do so". The new political process in Syria was described as the "Jordanian Initiative".<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2023 |title=Arab League re-admits Syria after 11-year absence |url=https://arab.news/bf2fy |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=Arab News}}</ref>

Nevertheless, Syria remains under [[International sanctions against Syria|international sanctions]] after millions of Syrians had been displaced or sought refuge in Arab and European countries during the war. The changes to the relations between Syria and other Arab States would allow many of them to return to their homeland, according to the announcements made earlier by Jordanian and Saudi officials.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=England |first1=Andrew |last2=Saleh |first2=Heba |date=7 May 2023 |title=Arab League to readmit Syria after decade-long hiatus |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/5f2bdc35-f3b6-41d8-8ca2-de6f7f5aad53 |access-date=7 July 2023}}</ref>

==International disputes==
{{Update|section|date=April 2025}}
*Western [[Golan Heights]] with [[Israel]]; 
*dispute with upstream riparian [[Turkey]] over Turkish water development plans for the [[Tigris]] and [[Euphrates]] rivers
*separation of the [[Hatay State]] and subsequent incorporation into the Turkish state
*dispute with Turkey concerning the [[Turkish occupation of North Syria]]
*dispute with the [[United States]] over the [[American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war|American-led intervention]] and occupation of Syrian territory
*illicit drugs: a transit point for [[opiates]] and [[hashish]] bound for regional and Western markets, as well as [[captagon]]<ref name="Chulov 2021">{{cite web | last=Chulov | first=Martin | title='A dirty business': how one drug is turning Syria into a narco-state | website=The Guardian | date=7 May 2021 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/07/drug-captagon-turning-syria-into-narco-state | access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Asia|Politics}}
* [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (Syria)]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions in Syria]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions of Syria]]
* [[Foreign policy of the Bashar al-Assad regime]]
* [[Sanctions against Syria]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{in lang|en|ar}} [http://www.mofa.gov.sy Ministry of Foreign Affairs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016000230/http://www.mofa.gov.sy/ |date=16 October 2019 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070603050912/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/71755089ce2e9102852570c70071ab27?OpenDocument UNRWA Commissioner-General Visits Syria]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131225043842/http://www.enpi-info.eu/countrymed.php?country=7 EU Neighbourhood Info Centre: Country profile of Syria]

==Further reading==
* {{cite web | title=Syria | website=U.S. Department of State | date=20 January 2009 | url=http://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3580.htm | ref={{sfnref | U.S. Department of State | 2009}} | access-date=11 June 2021}}

{{Foreign relations of Syria}}
{{Syria topics}}
{{Asia topic|Foreign relations of}}

[[Category:Foreign relations of Syria| ]]