View source for Formula One

{{Short description|Motorsport championship held worldwide}}
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{{Use British English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox motorsport championship
|name            = Formula One
|logo            = [[File:F1 (registered trademark).svg|275px]]
|caption         = Formula One logo since {{F1|2018}}
|category        = [[Open-wheel car|Open-wheel single-seater Formula auto racing]]
|country/region  = International
|inaugural2      = {{F1|1950}}
|drivers         = 20
|teams           = [[List of Formula One constructors|10]]
|engine manufacturers = {{unbulleted list
|<!--[[WP:INFOBOXFLAG]]-->[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
|[[Honda RBPT]]
|[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]
|[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]
}}
|tyres           = [[Pirelli]]
|champion driver = {{flagicon|NED}} [[Max Verstappen]] ({{F1|2024}})<br />{{small|([[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda RBPT]])}}
|constructor     = {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] ({{F1|2025}})
|most titles     = {{plainlist|
* '''[[World Drivers' Championship|Drivers']]'''
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Michael Schumacher]]
* {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
* (7 titles each)
* '''[[World Constructors' Championship|Constructors']]'''
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] (16)
}}
|website         = {{URL|https://www.formula1.com/|formula1.com}}
|current_season  = {{CURRENTYEAR}} Formula One World Championship<!-- year updates automatically on 1 January, no need to update manually -->
}}
{{Formula One}}

'''Formula One''' ('''F1''') is the highest class of worldwide [[racing]] for [[open-wheel]], single-seater formula [[Auto racing|racing cars]] sanctioned by the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] (FIA). The '''FIA Formula One World Championship''' has been one of the world's premier forms of [[motorsport]] since its [[1950 Formula One season|inaugural running in 1950]] and is often considered to be the pinnacle of motorsport. The word ''[[Formula racing|formula]]'' in the name refers to [[Formula One regulations|the set of rules]] all participant cars must follow. A Formula One season consists of a series of races, known as [[List of Formula One Grands Prix|Grands Prix]]. Grands Prix take place in multiple countries and continents on either purpose-built [[List of Formula One circuits|circuits]] or closed roads.

A [[List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems|points scoring system]] is used at Grands Prix to determine two annual World Championships: [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|one for the drivers]], and [[List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions|one for the constructors]]—now synonymous with teams. Each driver must hold a valid [[Super Licence]], the highest class of racing licence the FIA issues, and the races must be held on [[List of motor racing circuits by FIA grade#Grade One|Grade One tracks]], the highest grade rating the FIA issues for tracks.

[[Formula One cars]] are the world's fastest regulated [[Road racing|road-course]] racing cars, owing to high cornering speeds achieved by generating large amounts of aerodynamic [[downforce]], most of which is generated by front and rear wings, as well as [[Ground effect (cars)|underbody tunnels]]. The cars depend on electronics, [[aerodynamics]], [[Car suspension|suspension]], and [[Formula One tyres|tyres]]. [[Traction control]], [[Launch control (automotive)|launch control]], [[automatic shifting]], and other [[Advanced driver-assistance systems|electronic driving aids]] were first banned in {{F1|1994}}. They were briefly reintroduced in {{F1|2001}} but were banned once more in {{F1|2004}} and later {{F1|2008}}.

With the average annual cost of running a team—e.g., designing, building, and maintaining cars; staff payroll; transport—at approximately {{currency|193|GBP}} million as of 2018, although the [[Formula_One#Cost_cap|cost cap]] stands at {{currency|135|USD}} million. Formula One's financial and political battles are widely reported. The [[Formula One Group]] is owned by [[Liberty Media]], which acquired it in 2017 for {{currency|8|USD}} billion. The [[United Kingdom]] is the hub of Formula One racing, with six out of the ten teams based there.

==History==
{{Main|History of Formula One}}
Formula One originated from the [[World Manufacturers' Championship]] ([[1925 Grand Prix season|1925]]–[[1930 Grand Prix season|1930]]) and [[European Drivers' Championship]] ([[1931 Grand Prix season|1931]]–[[1939 Grand Prix season|1939]]). The [[Formula racing|''formula'']] is a set of rules that all participants' cars must follow. Formula One was a formula agreed upon in [[1946 Grand Prix season|1946]] to officially become effective in [[1947 Grand Prix season|1947]]. The first Grand Prix in accordance with the new regulations was the [[1946 Turin Grand Prix]], anticipating the formula's official start.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Editrice La Stampa |url=https://archive.org/details/lastampa_1946-09-01/page/n1/mode/2up?view=theater |title=La Stampa (1946-09-01) |date=1 September 1946 |publisher=Editrice La Stampa S.p.A. |others=CSI Piemonte |pages=3 |language=Italian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 1946 |title=L'Équipe : le stade, l'air, la route |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5100156g/f2.item.zoom |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=Gallica |language=EN}}</ref> Before [[World War II]], a number of Grand Prix racing organisations made suggestions for a new championship to replace the European Championship, but due to the suspension of racing during the conflict, the new International Formula for cars did not become formalised until 1946, to become effective in 1947. The new World Championship was instituted to commence in [[1950 Formula One season|1950]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Adam |date=13 May 2020 |title=Remembering F1's first world championship race 70 years on |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/first-f1-race-silverstone-1950/4791619/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606181346/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/first-f1-race-silverstone-1950/4791619/ |archive-date=6 June 2020 |access-date=11 September 2024 |website=motorsport.com}}</ref>

The first world championship race, the [[1950 British Grand Prix]], took place at [[Silverstone Circuit]] in the United Kingdom on 13&nbsp;May 1950.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2021 |title=Facts you may not know about Silverstone Circuit and its place on the F1 calendar |url=https://www.silverstonemuseum.co.uk/about-us/our-organisation/blog/facts-you-may-not-know-about-silverstone-circuit/ |access-date=18 May 2023 |work=Silverstone Museum |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518141045/https://www.silverstonemuseum.co.uk/about-us/our-organisation/blog/facts-you-may-not-know-about-silverstone-circuit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Giuseppe Farina]], competing for [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]], won the first Drivers' World Championship, narrowly defeating his teammate [[Juan Manuel Fangio]]. Fangio won the championship in {{F1|1951}}, {{F1|1954}}, {{F1|1955}}, {{F1|1956}}, and {{F1|1957}}.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=13 October 2003 |title=Michael Schumacher surclasse ses rivaux et dépasse Juan Manuel Fangio |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2003/10/13/michael-schumacher-surclasse-ses-rivaux-et-depasse-juan-manuel-fangio_337886_1819218.html |access-date=18 May 2023 |newspaper=Le Monde |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518140148/https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2003/10/13/michael-schumacher-surclasse-ses-rivaux-et-depasse-juan-manuel-fangio_337886_1819218.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This set the record for the most World Championships won by a single driver, a record that stood for 46 years until [[Michael Schumacher]] won his sixth championship in 2003.<ref name=":1" />

[[File:Alfa-Romeo-159-(1951).jpg|thumb|right|[[Juan Manuel Fangio]]'s {{F1|1951}} title-winning [[Alfa Romeo 158/159 Alfetta|Alfa Romeo 159]]]]
A Constructors' Championship was added in the [[1958 Formula One season|1958 season]]. [[Stirling Moss]], despite often being regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers in the 1950s and 1960s, never won the Formula One championship.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lawton |first=James |date=18 September 2011 |title=Hamilton still on track to greatness |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/james-lawton-hamilton-still-on-track-to-greatness-397525.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/james-lawton-hamilton-still-on-track-to-greatness-397525.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=2 November 2021 |newspaper = The Independent |location=London}}</ref> Between 1955 and 1961, Moss finished second in the championship four times and third the other three times.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lawton |first=James |date=28 August 2007 |title=Moss can guide Hamilton through chicane of celebrity |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news/james-lawton-abramovich-the-tinker-man-undermines-mourinho-s-own-vision-of-a-dream-team-5334983.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240913003708/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news/james-lawton-abramovich-the-tinker-man-undermines-mourinho-s-own-vision-of-a-dream-team-5334983.html |archive-date=13 September 2024 |newspaper = The Independent |publisher= |issn=1741-9743 |oclc=185201487}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Henry |first=Alan |date=12 March 2007 |title=Hamilton's chance to hit the grid running |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/mar/12/formulaone.motorsports15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418205919/http://sport.guardian.co.uk/formulaone/story/0,,2032039,00.html |archive-date=18 April 2008 |access-date=30 October 2007 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Fangio won 24 of the 52 races he entered—still the record for the highest Formula One winning percentage by an individual driver.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seymour |first=Mike |date=7 December 2023 |title=In Numbers: How Verstappen compares to other F1 greats at this stage of his career |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/in-numbers-how-verstappen-compares-to-other-f1-greats-at-this-stage-of-his.m8QeD2t7xQGjmY4tqTd0q |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521103406/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/in-numbers-how-verstappen-compares-to-other-f1-greats-at-this-stage-of-his.m8QeD2t7xQGjmY4tqTd0q |archive-date=21 May 2024 |access-date=13 September 2024 | website=formula1.com |language=en |quote=Juan Manuel Fangio—Stats after 51 Grands Prix: 5 world titles, 24 wins (47%), 35 podiums (68.6%), 29 pole positions (56.8%)}}</ref>

Promoters also held races following Formula One regulations outside the championship for many years.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bishop |first1=Matt |title=When non-championship races gave F1's B-list a chance to shine |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/when-non-championship-races-gave-f1s-b-list-a-chance-to-shine/ |website=Motor Sport Magazine |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=11 March 2025}}</ref> These events often took place on circuits that were not always suitable for the World Championship and featured local cars and drivers as well as those competing in the championship.<ref name="lastnopointsrace">{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Adam |date=10 April 2021 |title=The beer and curry secret of F1's last non-points race |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/f1-race-champions-sullivan-1983/4779232/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708190942/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/f1-race-champions-sullivan-1983/4779232/ |archive-date=8 July 2023 |access-date=3 September 2024 |website=motorsport.com}}</ref> For example, [[South African Formula One Championship|South Africa's domestic Formula One championship]] from 1960 to 1975 used locally built or modified cars in addition to recently retired world championship cars.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sutherland |first1=Ben |title=F1 in Africa: South Africa's own F1 Championship |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/64127266 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=31 December 2022}}</ref> Similarly, the [[British Formula One Championship]] utilised second-hand cars from manufacturers like [[Lotus Cars|Lotus]] and [[Fittipaldi Automotive]] fitted with [[Cosworth DFV|DFV]] from 1978 to 1980.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Watkins |first1=Gary |title=The British F1 championship: brief brilliance of Aurora AFX series |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/march-2001/82/what-my-backyard/ |website=Motor Sport Magazine |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=7 July 2014}}</ref> The increasing cost of competition, however, made such competitions less common in the 1970s. 1983 saw the last non-championship Formula One race; the [[1983 Race of Champions]] at Brands Hatch, won by reigning World Champion [[Keke Rosberg]] in a [[Williams Racing|Williams]]-[[Cosworth]] in a close fight with American [[Danny Sullivan]].<ref name="lastnopointsrace"/>

=== Technological developments ===
[[File:MossLotusClimax19610806.jpg|thumb|right|[[Stirling Moss]]'s [[Lotus 18]] at the [[Nürburgring]], {{F1|1961}}]]

The first major technological development in the series was [[Bugatti]]'s introduction of [[mid-engined]] cars. [[Jack Brabham]], the world champion in {{F1|1959}}, {{F1|1960}}, and {{F1|1966}}, soon proved the mid-engine's superiority over all other engine positions. By {{F1|1961}}, all teams had switched to mid-engined cars. The [[Ferguson P99]], a [[four-wheel drive]] design, was the last front-engined Formula One car to enter a world championship race. It entered the [[1961 British Grand Prix]], the only front-engined car to compete that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gpracing.net192.com/cars/data/186.cfm|title=Ferguson P99|access-date =17 November 2007|publisher=[[GP Racing]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080330231253/http://www.gpracing.net192.com/cars/data/186.cfm|archive-date=30 March 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In {{F1|1962}}, [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] introduced a car with an aluminium-sheet [[monocoque]] chassis instead of the traditional [[space-frame]] design. This proved to be the greatest technological breakthrough since the introduction of mid-engined cars.<ref>{{cite web |title=See how technology has changed Formula One for the better |url=https://www.redbull.com/in-en/7-times-new-technology-changed-the-f1-game |work=Red Bull |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en-in |date=28 March 2018}}</ref>

In {{F1|1968}}, [[Formula One sponsorship liveries|sponsorship was introduced to the sport]]. [[Team Gunston]] became the first team to run cigarette sponsorship on its [[Brabham]] cars, which [[Privateer (motorsport)|privately entered]] in orange, brown, and gold colours of [[Gunston (cigarette)|Gunston]] cigarettes in the [[1968 South African Grand Prix]] on 1&nbsp;January 1968.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2007/SPORT/09/18/behind.sponsorship/index.html |title=Sponsorship, the big business behind F1 |access-date=8 November 2007 |last=Bartunek |first=Robert-Jan |date=18 September 2007 |publisher=[[CNN]] |archive-date=22 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222045715/http://edition.cnn.com/2007/SPORT/09/18/behind.sponsorship/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Five months later, Lotus, initially using the [[British racing green]], followed this example when it entered [[Lotus 49|its cars]] painted in the red, gold, and white colours of [[Imperial Tobacco]]'s Gold Leaf livery at the [[1968 Spanish Grand Prix]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Here are 13 great racecar liveries |url=https://www.topgear.com/car-news/motorsport/here-are-13-great-racecar-liveries |work=Top Gear |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en |date=8 February 2021}}</ref>

Aerodynamic [[downforce]] slowly gained importance in car design with the appearance of [[aerofoil]]s during the 1968 season. The wings were introduced by Lotus's owner, [[Colin Chapman]], who installed modest front wings and a rear spoiler on his [[Lotus 49B]] at the [[1968 Monaco Grand Prix]]. In the late 1970s, Lotus introduced [[Ground effect (cars)|ground-effect]] aerodynamics, previously used on [[Jim Hall (racing driver)|Jim Hall]]'s [[Chaparral 2J]] in 1970, that provided enormous downforce and greatly increased cornering speeds. The aerodynamic forces pressing the cars to the track were up to five times the car's weight. As a result, extremely stiff springs were needed to maintain a constant [[ride height]], leaving the suspension virtually solid. This meant that the drivers depended entirely on the tyres for any small amount of cushioning of the car and driver from irregularities of the road surface.<ref>{{cite book |last=Staniforth |first=Allan |title=Competition Car Suspension |publisher=Haynes |year=1994 |page=96|isbn=978-0-85429-956-0}}</ref>

===Big business===
Beginning in the 1970s, [[Bernie Ecclestone]] rearranged the management of Formula One's commercial rights; he is widely credited with transforming the series into the multi-billion dollar business it now is.<ref name="guardian280397">{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Williams|title=The Formula for Striking It Rich|newspaper=The Guardian |date=28 March 1997}}</ref><ref name="mrformula">{{cite news |date=13 March 1997 |title=Mr Formula One |page=72 |newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/business/1997/03/13/mr-formula-one |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231014115131/https://www.economist.com/business/1997/03/13/mr-formula-one |archive-date=14 October 2023}}</ref> When Ecclestone bought the Brabham team in 1971, he gained a seat on the [[Formula One Constructors' Association]], and in 1978, he became its president.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bernie Ecclestone timeline|url=http://en.espnf1.com/f1/motorsport/story/32358.html|access-date=18 January 2022|website=ESPN UK|language=en|archive-date=17 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817112028/http://en.espnf1.com/f1/motorsport/story/32358.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Previously, the circuit owners controlled the income of the teams and negotiated with each individually; Ecclestone persuaded the teams to "hunt as a pack" through FOCA.<ref name="mrformula"/> He offered Formula One to circuit owners as a package they could take or leave. In return for the package, almost all that was required was to surrender trackside advertising.<ref name="guardian280397"/>

The formation of the [[Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile]] (FISA) in 1979 set off the [[FISA–FOCA war]], during which FISA and its president, [[Jean-Marie Balestre]], argued repeatedly with FOCA over television revenues and technical regulations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roberts |first1=Rachel |title=The Grand Prix that birthed modern Formula 1 {{!}} GRR |url=https://www.goodwood.com/grr/race/historic/the-grand-prix-that-birthed-modern-formula-1/ |website=goodwood.com |access-date=19 August 2025}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' said that Ecclestone and [[Max Mosley]] "used [FOCA] to wage a guerrilla war with a very long-term aim in view". FOCA threatened to establish a rival series and boycotted a Grand Prix, and FISA withdrew its sanction from races.<ref name="guardian280397"/> The result was the 1981 [[Concorde Agreement]], which guaranteed technical stability, as teams were to be given reasonable notice of new regulations.<ref name="Concorde">{{cite web |last1=Hardy |first1=Ed |title=Everything you need to know about the F1 Concorde Agreement |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/what-is-the-f1-concorde-agreement-all-to-know-about-the-contract/10703778 |website=motorsport.com |date=16 March 2025 |access-date=19 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=The Racing Analyst |url=http://www.allinsport.ch/allinsport-opinion/the-fisa-foca-war/ |title=The FISA-FOCA War |website=Allinsport.ch |date=12 September 2013 |access-date=13 October 2015 |archive-date=12 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712233304/http://www.allinsport.ch/allinsport-opinion/the-fisa-foca-war/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The teams signed a second [[Concorde Agreement]] in 1992 and a third in 1997.<ref name="Concorde"/>

FISA imposed a ban on [[Ground effect (cars)|ground-effect aerodynamics]] from {{F1|1983}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=WATCH: The origins of ground effect |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/watch-the-origins-of-ground-effect.6i1MZBs5xe6cjO2deb57hV |website=formula1.com |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> But by then, [[turbocharged]] engines, which [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] had pioneered in {{F1|1977}}, were producing over {{cvt|700|bhp|kW|disp=flip}} and were essential to be competitive. By {{F1|1986}}, a BMW turbocharged engine achieved a flash reading of {{cvt|5.5|bar|psi}} pressure, estimated to be over {{cvt|1300|bhp|kW|disp=flip}} in qualifying for the {{F1 GP|1986|Italian}}. The next year, power in race trim reached around {{cvt|1100|bhp|kW|disp=flip}}, with boost pressure limited to only 4.0&nbsp;bar.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bamsey |first=Ian |title=The 1000 BHP Grand Prix cars |author2=Benzing, Enrico |author3=Stanniforth, Allan |author4=Lawrence, Mike |publisher=Guild Publishing |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-85429-617-0 |pages=8–9}} BMW's performance at the Italian GP is the highest qualifying figure given in Bamsey. The figure is from Heini Mader, who maintained the engines for the [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]] team, though maximum power figures from this period were necessarily estimates; BMW's [[dynamometer]], for example, was only capable of measuring up to {{cvt|1100|bhp|kW|disp=flip}}. Figures higher than this are estimated from engine plenum pressure readings. Power in race trim at that time was lower than for qualifying due to the need for greater reliability and fuel efficiency during the race.</ref> These cars were the most powerful [[open-wheel]] circuit racing cars ever. To reduce engine power output and thus speeds, the FIA limited fuel tank capacity in {{F1|1984}}, and [[Turbocharger|boost]] pressures in {{F1|1988}}, before banning turbocharged engines completely in {{F1|1989}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=The technology behind Formula One racing cars|newspaper=The Press|quote=rivalling the 1200hp turbocharged monsters that eventually had to be banned in 1989|date=26 December 2005}}</ref>

The development of electronic driver aids began in the 1980s. Lotus began to develop a system of [[active suspension]], which first appeared in 1983 on the [[Lotus 92]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Active suspension|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/december-2001/69/active-suspension|access-date=26 January 2022|newspaper= Motor Sport Magazine|date=7 July 2014|language=en-GB|archive-date=5 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105152745/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/december-2001/69/active-suspension|url-status=live}}</ref> By 1987, this system had been perfected and was driven to victory by [[Ayrton Senna]] in the [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]] that year. In the early 1990s, other teams followed suit, and [[semi-automatic gearboxes]] and [[traction control]] were a natural progression. The FIA, due to complaints that technology was determining races' outcomes more than driver skill, banned many such aids for the {{F1|1994}} season. This resulted in cars that previously depended on electronic aids becoming very "twitchy" and difficult to drive. Observers felt the ban on driver aids was in name only, as they "proved difficult to police effectively".<ref>{{cite news |first=Alan |last=Baldwin|title=F1 Plans Return of Traction Control|newspaper = The Independent|publisher = Newspaper Publishing|date=17 February 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=F1 bans traction control for 2008 |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/6511907.stm |work=BBC Sport |date=30 March 2007 |access-date=3 January 2020 |archive-date=3 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103055756/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/6511907.stm |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:1985 European GP Stefan Johansson 01.jpg|thumb|[[Stefan Johansson]] driving for [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] at the [[1985 European Grand Prix]]]]

The rivalry between [[Ayrton Senna]] and [[Alain Prost]] became F1's central focus in {{F1|1988}} and continued until Prost retired at the end of {{F1|1993}}.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Slater |first1=Luke |title='I had a front-row seat for the explosive Senna-Prost rivalry' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2025/05/22/front-row-seat-explosive-ayrton-senna-alain-prost-rivalry/ |website=The Telegraph |access-date=3 November 2025 |date=22 May 2025}}</ref> Senna [[Death of Ayrton Senna|died]] at the [[1994 San Marino Grand Prix]] after crashing into a wall on the exit of the [[Tamburello (corner)|Tamburello]] curve.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ayrton Senna: Remembering a racing legend 30 years on |url=https://www.silverstone.co.uk/news/ayrton-senna-remembering-racing-legend-30-years |website=Silverstone |access-date=3 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref> [[Roland Ratzenberger]] also died in an accident during Saturday qualifying that weekend.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tremayne |first1=Sam |title=A racer through and through – Roland Ratzenberger remembered {{!}} Formula 1® |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/a-racer-through-and-through-ratzenberger-remembered.4GgLrhjq9vSL5anb023G7 |website=formula1.com |access-date=3 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Since Senna's and Ratzenberger's deaths, the FIA has used [[Safety in Formula One|safety]] as a reason to impose rule changes that otherwise, under the Concorde Agreement, would have had to be agreed upon by all the teams. The resultant 'narrow track' era from {{F1|1998}} onwards, resulted in cars with smaller rear tyres, a narrower track overall, and the introduction of grooved tyres to reduce mechanical grip. According to the FIA, the objective behind this decision was to reduce cornering speeds and produce racing similar to rainy conditions by enforcing a smaller [[contact patch]] between the tyre and the track.<ref>{{cite web | title=Mosley's Equations | website=formula1.com | date=20 May 2019 | url=http://www.formula1-dictionary.net/mosley_equations.html | access-date=2 September 2019 | archive-date=15 September 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915195546/http://formula1-dictionary.net/mosley_equations.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

No driver died of injuries sustained on the track at the wheel of a Formula One car for 20 years until the [[2014 Japanese Grand Prix]], where [[Jules Bianchi]] collided with a recovery vehicle after [[aquaplaning]] off the circuit, dying nine months later from his injuries.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Benson |first1=Andrew |title=Japanese Grand Prix: Memories of Jules Bianchi death trigger anger over recovery truck on track |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/63190448 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=16 September 2025 |date=9 October 2022}}</ref>

===Manufacturers' return===
[[File:Michael Schumacher, Ferrari F2001 (8968595731) (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Michael Schumacher]] (pictured in {{F1|2001}}) won five consecutive titles with [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]].]] Michael Schumacher and Ferrari won five consecutive Drivers' Championships and six consecutive Constructors' Championships. Schumacher set many new records, including those for Grand Prix wins, wins in a season, and most Drivers' Championships.<ref>{{cite news |title=Schumacher makes history |work=BBC Sport |date=21 July 2002 |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/2141834.stm |access-date=12 September 2006 |archive-date=5 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505185104/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/2141834.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Schumacher's championship streak ended on 25&nbsp;September 2005, when Renault driver [[Fernando Alonso]] became Formula One's youngest champion at that time (until Lewis Hamilton in {{F1|2008}} and followed by [[Sebastian Vettel]] in [[2010 Formula One World Championship|2010]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=The youngest Formula 1 world champions – Where does Max Verstappen rank alongside Vettel, Alonso and Hamilton? {{!}} Formula 1® |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/the-youngest-world-champions-where-does-verstappen-rank-alongside-vettel.5maXjugCVIKMSrPdky0p7Q |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> In 2006, Renault and Alonso won both titles again.<ref>{{cite web |title=2006 Teams' Standings |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2006/team |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2006 Drivers' Standings |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2006/drivers |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref> Schumacher retired at the end of 2006 after 16 years in Formula One, but came out of retirement for the 2010 season, racing for the newly formed Mercedes works team, following the rebrand of [[Brawn GP]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Michael Schumacher: When he announced his first f1 retirement |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12525/10561418/michael-schumacher-when-he-announced-his-first-f1-retirement |website=Sky Sports |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref>

During this period, FIA frequently changed the championship rules with the intention of improving the on-track action and cutting costs.<ref>{{cite web |title=FIA Rules & Regulations Sporting Regulations: 2006 season changes |website=formula1.com|url=http://www.formula1.com/insight/rulesandregs/13/995.html |access-date=11 May 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061109185035/http://www.formula1.com/insight/rulesandregs/13/995.html |archive-date = 9 November 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Team orders]], legal since the championship started in 1950, were banned in 2002, after several incidents in which teams openly manipulated race results, generating negative publicity, most famously by Ferrari at the [[2002 Austrian Grand Prix]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paddocktalk.com/news/html/modules/ew_filemanager/07images/f1/fia/033007_2008_F1_SPORTING_REGULATIONS.pdf|title=2008 FIA Formula One Sporting Regulations|publisher=|accessdate=16 March 2018|archive-date=29 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929075510/http://paddocktalk.com/news/html/modules/ew_filemanager/07images/f1/fia/033007_2008_F1_SPORTING_REGULATIONS.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other changes included the qualifying format, the point-scoring system,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 February 2010|title=Formula 1 adopts new points system for 2010 season|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8493082.stm|url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2021|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|archive-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129191226/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8493082.stm}}</ref> the technical regulations,<ref>{{cite web |title=FIA publishes new Formula One regulations to cover the 2010 season |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/feb/12/fia-formula-one-regulations-2010-season |website=The Guardian |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=12 February 2010}}</ref> and rules specifying how long engines and tyres must last.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wise |first1=Michael |title=2010 rule changes |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/5980709/2010-rule-changes |website=Sky Sports |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref> A 'tyre war' between suppliers [[Michelin]] and [[Bridgestone]] saw lap times fall. At the [[2005 United States Grand Prix]] at Indianapolis, seven out of ten teams did not race when their Michelin tyres were deemed unsafe for use, leading to Bridgestone becoming the sole tyre supplier to Formula One for the 2007 season by default.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Holding |first1=Joe |title=Formula One: remember when… the US GP went ahead with just six cars? |url=https://www.topgear.com/car-news/formula-one/formula-one-remember-when-us-gp-went-ahead-just-six-cars |website=Top Gear |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en |date=22 October 2021}}</ref> On 20&nbsp;December 2007, Bridgestone signed a contract that officially made it the exclusive tyre supplier for the next three seasons.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Noble|first=Jonathan|title=Bridgestone signs sole supplier contract|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/bridgestone-signs-sole-supplier-contract-4418515/4418515/|access-date=3 January 2022|website= autosport.com|date=20 December 2007|language=en|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103164629/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/bridgestone-signs-sole-supplier-contract-4418515/4418515/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Manufacturers' decline and return of the privateers===
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = vertical
| image1            = Pedro de la Rosa 2012 Malaysia FP2.jpg
| width1            = 216
| image2            = Kamui Kobayashi 2014 Bahrain.jpg
| width2            = 216
| image3            = Haryanto Bahrain 2016.jpg
| width3            = 216
| caption3          = The three teams that debuted in 2010 all disappeared within seven years of their debuts. [[HRT Formula 1 Team|HRT]] (top) departed the series in 2012, whilst [[Caterham F1|Caterham]] (middle), and [[Manor Racing|Manor]] (bottom) left in 2014 and 2016, respectively.}}
In 2008 and 2009, [[Honda in Formula One|Honda]], [[BMW in Formula One|BMW]], and [[Toyota in Formula One|Toyota]] all withdrew from Formula One racing within a year, blaming the [[Great Recession|economic recession]]. This resulted in the end of manufacturer dominance of the sport. The Honda F1 team went through a management buyout to become [[Brawn GP]], with [[Ross Brawn]] and [[Nick Fry]] running and owning the majority of the organisation. Brawn GP laid off hundreds of employees, but won the year's world championships. BMW F1 was bought out by the original founder of the team, [[Peter Sauber]]. The [[Lotus F1 Team]]{{efn|This is not the same team as the [[Team Lotus|1954–1994]] or [[Team Lotus (2010–2011)|2010–2011]] iterations.}} was another, formerly manufacturer-owned team that reverted to "privateer" ownership, together with the buy-out of the [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] team by [[Genii Capital]] investors. A link with its previous owners, however, still survived, with its car continuing to be powered by a Renault engine until 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Benson |first1=Andrew |title=Formula 1: Lotus agree Renault engine deal until 2018 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/26270798 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=20 February 2014}}</ref>

McLaren also announced that it was to reacquire the shares in its team from Mercedes-Benz.<ref>{{cite web |title=McLaren buy back 40% stake of company from Mercedes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/mar/18/mercedes-mclaren-shares-formula-one |website=The Guardian |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=18 March 2010}}</ref> McLaren's partnership with Mercedes was reported to have started to sour after the former was guilty of [[2007 Formula One espionage controversy|spying on Ferrari]].<ref>{{cite web |title=McLaren charged over 'spy' scandal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/jul/12/motorsports.formulaone2007 |website=The Guardian |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=12 July 2007}}</ref> Hence, during the 2010 season, Mercedes-Benz re-entered the series as a manufacturer after it purchased Brawn GP and split with McLaren after 15 seasons with the team.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Straw |first1=Edd |title=Mercedes takes over Brawn |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/mercedes-takes-over-brawn-4433692/4433692/ |website=autosport.com |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref>

During the {{F1|2009}} season, Formula One was gripped by the [[FIA–FOTA dispute]]. FIA President Max Mosley proposed numerous cost-cutting measures for the next season, including an optional budget cap for the teams;<ref name=budgetcap>{{cite news| title = £40&nbsp;million budget cap and 13 teams for 2010| website= formula1.com| date = 30 April 2009| url = http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2009/4/9290.html| access-date = 21 March 2010| archive-date = 18 February 2010| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100218045714/http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2009/4/9290.html| url-status = live}}</ref> teams electing to take the budget cap would be granted greater technical freedom, adjustable front and rear wings, and an engine not subject to a [[rev limiter]].<ref name=budgetcap/> The [[Formula One Teams Association]] (FOTA) believed that allowing some teams to have such technical freedom would have created a two-tier championship, and thus requested urgent talks with the FIA. Talks broke down and the FOTA teams, with the exception of Williams and [[Force India]],<ref name="compromise">{{cite news |title=Mosley offers compromise on 2010 |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8107436.stm |work=BBC News |date=18 June 2009 |access-date=21 March 2010 |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317125821/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8107436.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="timeline">{{cite news |first=Gemma |last=Briggs |title=How the Formula One crisis unfolded |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/jun/19/formula-one-crisis-timeline |newspaper=The Guardian |location=UK |date=24 June 2009 |access-date=23 June 2009 |archive-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605180441/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/jun/19/formula-one-crisis-timeline |url-status=live }}</ref> announced that 'they had no choice' but to form a [[Grand Prix World Championship|breakaway championship series]].<ref name="timeline" />

[[File:Bernie Ecclestone 2012 Bahrain.jpg|thumb|[[Bernie Ecclestone]] was the former Chief Executive of the [[Formula One Group]]—founding the group in 1987.]]
On 24 June, Formula One's governing body and the teams reached an agreement to prevent a breakaway series. It was agreed that teams must cut spending to the level of the early 1990s within two years; exact figures were not specified, and Max Mosley agreed he would not stand for reelection to the FIA presidency in October.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8116756.stm |title=F1 deal ends threat of breakaway |work=BBC News |date=24 June 2009 |access-date=21 March 2010 |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016235200/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8116756.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Following further disagreements, after Mosley suggested he would stand for reelection,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/f1news/5642225/Max-Mosley-makes-dramatic-U-turn-over-his-future-as-FIA-president.html |title=Max Mosley makes dramatic U-turn over his future as FIA president |last=Cary |first=Tom |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614013133/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/f1news/5642225/Max-Mosley-makes-dramatic-U-turn-over-his-future-as-FIA-president.html |archive-date=14 June 2018 |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=26 June 2009}}</ref> FOTA made it clear that breakaway plans were still being pursued. On 8&nbsp;July, FOTA issued a press release stating it had been informed it was not entered for the 2010 season,<ref name="FOTA Press Release">{{cite web|url=http://www.teamsassociation.org/press-release/2009-07-08/press-release |title=Press release |publisher=Formula One Teams Association (FOTA) |date=8 July 2009 |access-date=8 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711161729/http://www.teamsassociation.org/press-release/2009-07-08/press-release |archive-date=11 July 2009 }}</ref> and an FIA press release said the FOTA representatives had walked out of the meeting.<ref name="FIA Press Release">{{cite web|url=http://www.fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/f1releases/2009/Pages/2010_fia_fota.aspx |title=Press Release |publisher=Federation Internationale de l'Automobile |date=8 July 2009 |access-date=8 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710120028/http://www.fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/f1releases/2009/Pages/2010_fia_fota.aspx |archive-date=10 July 2009 }}</ref> On 1&nbsp;August, it was announced that the FIA and FOTA had signed a new Concorde Agreement, bringing an end to the crisis and securing the sport's future until 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Concorde Agreement finally signed |url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/77481 |last=Beer |first=Matt |date=1 August 2009 |website = autosport.com| access-date=1 August 2009 |archive-date=21 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621065909/http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/77481 |url-status=live }}</ref>

To compensate for the loss of manufacturer teams, four new teams were accepted entry into the 2010 season ahead of a much anticipated 'cost-cap'. Entrants included a reborn [[Team Lotus (2010–2011)|Team Lotus]]—led by a Malaysian consortium including [[Tony Fernandes]], the boss of [[Air Asia]]; [[HRT Formula 1 Team|Hispania Racing]]—the first Spanish Formula One team; and [[Virgin Racing]]—[[Richard Branson]]'s entry into the series following a successful partnership with Brawn the year before. They were also joined by the [[US F1 Team]], which planned to run out of the United States as the only non-European-based team in the sport. Financial issues befell the squad before they even made the grid.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Straw |first1=Edd |title=Brutal failure of F1's last influx of new teams is a warning |url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/brutal-failure-of-f1s-last-influx-of-new-teams-is-a-warning/ |website=The Race |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en |date=2 February 2023}}</ref> Despite the entry of these new teams, the proposed cost-cap was repealed and these teams—which did not have the budgets of the midfield and top-order teams—ran around at the back of the field until they collapsed; HRT in 2012,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Benson |first1=Andrew |title=HRT owners Thesan expect to sell team 'in coming weeks' |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/20302796 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=12 November 2012}}</ref> Caterham (formerly Lotus) in 2014,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sylt |first1=Christian |title=Caterham F1 Team Sold For Just $1.60 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/csylt/2014/12/01/caterham-f1-team-sold-for-just-1-60/ |website=Forbes |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> and Manor (formerly Virgin, then Marussia), having survived falling into administration in 2014, at the end of 2016.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Benson |first1=Andrew |title=Manor F1: Team fold after administrator fails to find buyer |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/38772098 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=27 January 2017}}</ref>

=== Hybrid era ===
A major rule change in {{F1|2014}} saw the 2.4-litre naturally aspirated V8 engines replaced by 1.6-litre turbocharged hybrid power units.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Benson |first1=Andrew |title=Formula 1 bosses confirm engines will not change until 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/13878359 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=22 June 2011}}</ref> This prompted Honda to return to the series in 2015 as the championship's fourth power unit manufacturer.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Galloway |first1=James |title=Honda confirms F1 return and McLaren engine deal for 2015 season |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12479/8715380/honda-confirms-f1-return-and-mclaren-engine-deal-for-2015-season |website=Sky Sports |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref> Mercedes emerged as the dominant force, with [[Lewis Hamilton]] winning the championship, closely followed by his main rival and teammate, [[Nico Rosberg]], with the team winning 16 out of the 19 races that season.<ref name="twenty fourteen">{{cite web |title=2014 Race Results |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2014/races |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The team continued this form in the next two seasons, again winning 16 races in {{F1|2015}}<ref>{{cite web |title=2015 Race Results |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2015/races |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>  before taking a record 19 wins in [[2016 Formula One World Championship|2016]],<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 Race Results |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2016/races |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>  with Hamilton claiming the title in the former year<ref>{{cite web |title=2015 Drivers' Standings |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2015/drivers |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> and Rosberg winning it in the latter by five points.<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 Drivers' Standings |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2016/drivers |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>  The 2016 season also saw a new team, [[Haas F1 Team|Haas]], join the grid,<ref>{{cite web |title=FIA grants Formula One entry to Haas |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/fia-grants-formula-one-entry-to-haas.1MKbqHjGaY6HNjiLSPoq75 |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> while [[Max Verstappen]] became the youngest-ever race winner at age 18 in [[Spanish Grand Prix|Spain]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ostlere |first=Lawrence |date=15 May 2016 |title=F1: Max Verstappen wins Spanish GP after Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg crash – as it happened |language=en-GB |newspaper=The Guardian |url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2016/may/15/f1-spanish-gp-live-lewis-hamilton-nico-rosberg |access-date=28 April 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731070554/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2016/may/15/f1-spanish-gp-live-lewis-hamilton-nico-rosberg |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:FIA F1 Austria 2018 Nr. 44 Hamilton.jpg|thumb|[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]] won eight consecutive constructors' titles whilst [[Lewis Hamilton]] won six drivers' titles during the beginning of the hybrid era.]]
After revised aerodynamic regulations were introduced, the [[2017 Formula One World Championship|2017]] and [[2018 Formula One World Championship|2018]] seasons featured a title battle between Mercedes and Ferrari.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parkes |first=Ian |date=1 December 2017 |title=An Exciting F1 Season That Still Ended With Mercedes on Top |language=en-US |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/01/sports/autoracing/mercedes-f1-season-review.html |url-access=registration |access-date=6 February 2023 |issn= |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206222629/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/01/sports/autoracing/mercedes-f1-season-review.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=2018 F1 World Championship {{!}} Motorsport Database |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/championships/2018-f1-world-championship/ |access-date=6 February 2023 |newspaper= Motor Sport Magazine |language=en-GB |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206222630/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/championships/2018-f1-world-championship/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mercedes ultimately won the titles with multiple races to spare and continued to dominate until 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Results|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2017/team.html|website=formula1.com|access-date=23 October 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109013649/https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2017/team.html|archive-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/formula1/45190875|title=Highlights of the Brazilian GP|date=6 November 2018|work=BBC Sport|access-date=25 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126094017/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/formula1/45190875|archive-date=26 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2019 Team Standings |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2019/team |website=formula1.com |access-date=16 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2020 Team Standings |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2020/team |website=formula1.com |access-date=16 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>  In [[2021 Formula One World Championship|2021]], the Honda-powered Red Bull team began to seriously challenge Mercedes, with Verstappen beating Hamilton to the Drivers' Championship after a season-long battle that saw the pair exchange the championship lead multiple times.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mortlidge |first1=Matt |title=Max Verstappen vs Lewis Hamilton: The story and escalating drama of a remarkable Formula 1 title fight |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12488949/max-verstappen-vs-lewis-hamilton-the-story-and-escalating-drama-of-a-remarkable-formula-1-title-fight |website=Sky Sports |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref>

This era has seen an increase in car manufacturers' presence in the sport. After Honda's return as an engine manufacturer in 2015, Renault came back as a team in 2016 upon buying back the [[Lotus F1 Team]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Renault to return to F1 in 2016 after agreeing Lotus takeover |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/dec/03/renault-2016-f1-constructor-return-lotus-takeover |website=The Guardian |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=3 December 2015}}</ref> In 2018, [[Aston Martin]] and [[Alfa Romeo]] became Red Bull and Sauber's title sponsors, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aston Martin to become Red Bull title sponsor in 2018 |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/aston-martin-to-become-red-bull-title-sponsor-in-2018.1HIhDOGGzuugSuoscKceK2 |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Galloway |first1=James |title=Alfa Romeo name returning to F1 in 2018 in Sauber tie-up |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11148670/alfa-romeo-name-returning-to-f1-in-2018-in-sauber-tie-up |website=Sky Sports |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref> Sauber was rebranded as [[Alfa Romeo Racing]] for the 2019 season.<ref>{{cite web |title=Formula 1: Sauber renamed Alfa Romeo Racing from start of 2019 season |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/47089294 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=1 February 2019}}</ref> [[Racing Point]] part-owner [[Lawrence Stroll]] bought a stake in Aston Martin to rebrand the Racing Point team as Aston Martin for the 2021 season.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Benson |first1=Andrew |title=Aston Martin F1: Owner Lawrence Stroll aiming for world titles with renamed team |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/55567562 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=7 January 2021}}</ref> In August 2020, all ten F1 teams signed a new Concorde Agreement committing them to the sport until 2025, including a $145 million budget cap for car development to support equal competition and sustainable development.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=23 May 2020 |title=F1 teams agree to introduce budget cap from 2021 onwards |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/may/23/f1-teams-agree-to-introduce-budget-cap-from-2021-onwards |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=28 June 2020 |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629065814/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/may/23/f1-teams-agree-to-introduce-budget-cap-from-2021-onwards |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Luke|title=All 10 Formula 1 teams sign up for new Concorde Agreement|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/151511/all-f1-teams-sign-up-for-new-concorde-agreement|access-date=5 October 2020|website=autosport.com|date=19 August 2020|language=en|archive-date=4 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204120305/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/151511/all-f1-teams-sign-up-for-new-concorde-agreement|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[COVID-19 pandemic]] forced the series to adapt to budgetary and logistical limitations. A significant overhaul of the technical regulations intended to be introduced in the 2021 season was pushed back to 2022,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.fia-announce-new-f1-regulations-to-be-delayed-until-2022.1lwtaLmpNcQd0z9SnMEyK8.html |title=FIA announce new F1 regulations to be delayed until 2022 |date=19 March 2020 |access-date=9 June 2021 |website= formula1.com|archive-date=12 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112224909/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.fia-announce-new-f1-regulations-to-be-delayed-until-2022.1lwtaLmpNcQd0z9SnMEyK8.html |url-status=live }}</ref> with constructors instead using their 2020 chassis for two seasons and a token system limiting which parts could be modified introduced.<ref>{{cite web |title=The 2021 F1 rules and regulation changes you need to know about: Aero tweaks, new tyres and the budget cap|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/aero-tweaks-new-tyres-and-the-cost-cap-the-2021-f1-rules-and-regulation.r1cq36aI6bvzMeZtiFru3 |website=formula1.com |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The start of the {{F1|2020}} season was delayed by several months,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/52883244 |title=Formula 1 season to start with eight races in Europe |first=Andrew |last=Benson |date=2 June 2020 |access-date=9 June 2021 |work=BBC Sport |archive-date=9 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609183003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/52883244 |url-status=live }}</ref> and both it and {{F1|2021}} seasons were subject to several postponements, cancellations, and rescheduling of races due to [[Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic|shifting restrictions]] on international travel. Many races took place [[Behind closed doors (sport)|behind closed doors]] and with only essential personnel present to maintain [[social distancing]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/f1/story/_/id/29149401/f1-closed-doors-how-exactly-work |title=F1 behind closed doors – how exactly will that work? |first1=Laurence |last1=Edmondson |first2=Nate |last2=Saunders |date=8 May 2020 |access-date=9 June 2021 |work=ESPN |archive-date=9 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609183002/https://www.espn.com/f1/story/_/id/29149401/f1-closed-doors-how-exactly-work |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2022, the F1 governing body announced a major rule and car design change intended to promote closer racing through the use of [[Ground effect (cars)|ground effects]], new aerodynamics, larger wheels with low-profile tyres, and redesigned nose and wing regulations.<ref name="2022Car">{{Cite web |title=10 things you need to know about the all-new 2022 F1 car |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.10-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-all-new-2022-f1-car.4OLg8DrXyzHzdoGrbqp6ye.html |access-date=9 January 2023 |website= formula1.com |language=en |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525004734/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.10-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-all-new-2022-f1-car.4OLg8DrXyzHzdoGrbqp6ye.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=7 key rule changes for the 2022 season |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.7-key-rule-changes-for-the-2022-season.2E7JH9MywymU8xxw6r5yDS.html |access-date=9 January 2023 |website= formula1.com |language=en |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425005024/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.7-key-rule-changes-for-the-2022-season.2E7JH9MywymU8xxw6r5yDS.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]] emerged as the dominant force after the rule shakeup. The [[2022 Formula One World Championship|2022]] and [[2023 Formula One World Championship|2023]] Constructors' and Drivers' Championships were won by Red Bull and Verstappen, with multiple races to spare.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parkes |first=Ian |date=9 December 2022 |title=This Formula 1 Season Was All Max Verstappen and Red Bull |language=en-US |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/09/sports/autoracing/f1-max-verstappen-red-bull.html |url-access=registration |access-date=9 January 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=9 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109030145/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/09/sports/autoracing/f1-max-verstappen-red-bull.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramaswami |first=Sundaram|title=The F1 records Verstappen and Red Bull broke in 2022 |url=https://us.motorsport.com/f1/news/the-f1-records-verstappen-and-red-bull-broke-in-2022/10403498/ |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=motorsport.com |date=21 November 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109030143/https://us.motorsport.com/f1/news/the-f1-records-verstappen-and-red-bull-broke-in-2022/10403498/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Parkes |first=Ian |date=13 December 2023 |title=For Red Bull and Max Verstappen, 2023 Was a Dominant Year |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/13/sports/autoracing/f1-red-bull-max-verstappen-2023.html |url-access=registration |access-date=15 January 2024 |newspaper=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=14 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114170342/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/13/sports/autoracing/f1-red-bull-max-verstappen-2023.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Joseph |first=Samuel |date=9 October 2023 |title=Why Red Bull's RB19 is one of the most dominant F1 cars ever |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/06/sport/red-bull-rb19-f1-motorsport-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=15 January 2024 |work=CNN |language=en |archive-date=15 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115131543/https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/06/sport/red-bull-rb19-f1-motorsport-spt-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In early 2024, the Formula One landscape underwent a significant change in the sphere of team sponsorships and collaborations. Having competed for five seasons under the [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] name, Sauber introduced a title partnership with the online casino [[Stake (online casino)|Stake]], resulting in the team's new identity as [[Stake F1 Team Kick Sauber]]. Sauber will hold Stake's sponsorship name until the end of 2025, after which it will become the Audi works team for the 2026 season onwards.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Drake launches Sauber's new era as they unveil rebrand |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.drake-sauber-stake-f1-team-identity-rebrand-name.5pFuGt23QzaUwBZ7flxhhw.html |access-date=14 February 2024 |website= formula1.com |language=en |archive-date=22 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222113052/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.drake-sauber-stake-f1-team-identity-rebrand-name.5pFuGt23QzaUwBZ7flxhhw.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Luke |title=New name, new goals: Stake bids to stop its F1 slide |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5254751/2024/02/06/stake-f1-alfa-romeo-car-launch/ |access-date=14 February 2024 |work=The New York Times|language=en |archive-date=14 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214133637/https://theathletic.com/5254751/2024/02/06/stake-f1-alfa-romeo-car-launch/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Scuderia AlphaTauri]], Red Bull's junior team, dropped its name and took on sponsors from Hugo Boss and Cash App, becoming [[Visa Inc.|Visa]] [[Cash App]] RB, or VCARB for 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Baldwin |first1=Alan |title=AlphaTauri becomes Visa Cash App RB F1 team |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/formula1/alphatauri-changes-name-visa-cash-app-rb-f1-team-2024-01-24/ |website=Reuters |date=24 January 2024 |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref> Also in 2024, Formula One announced partnerships with [[Mattel]] to release [[Hot Wheels]] die-cast cars,<ref>{{cite web |title=Formula 1 announces new multi-year partnership with Hot Wheels |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-announces-new-multi-year-partnership-with-hot-wheels.7yBhBlS17Bmt8hxLfVxqE2 |date=9 October 2024 |website= formula1.com |url-status=live |archive-date=28 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128174631/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-announces-new-multi-year-partnership-with-hot-wheels.7yBhBlS17Bmt8hxLfVxqE2}}</ref> and with [[Lego]], with the first new sets releasing in 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lego.com/en-us/aboutus/news/2024/september/lego-f1-partnership-announcement?locale=en-us&consent-modal=show&age-gate=grown_up|title=We're Putting Play in Pole Position! The LEGO Group and Formula 1® To Go Full Throttle On New Brand Partnership|author=The Lego Group|date=18 September 2024|website=LEGO.com|access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref> In early 2025, Cadillac received final approval to join the Formula One grid as an 11th team for the 2026 season onward.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cadillac receive final approval to join F1 grid in 2026 |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/cadillac-receive-final-approval-to-join-formula-1-grid-in-2026-as-11th-team.1saxQLtLPc7k9TFl4eNrQN |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=formula1.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Racing and strategy==
{{Main|Formula One racing|Formula One tyres|Racing flags|Formula One regulations|}}A Formula One Grand Prix event spans a weekend. It typically begins with two free practice sessions on Friday and one free practice session on Saturday. Additional drivers (commonly known as [[third driver]]s) are allowed to run on Fridays, but only two cars may be used per team, requiring a race driver to give up their seat. A qualifying session is held after the last free practice session. This session determines the starting order for the race on Sunday.<ref name="QDetail2">{{cite web|url=http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/sporting_regulations/8686/|title=Practice and qualifying|website= formula1.com|access-date=21 October 2009|archive-date=16 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516014918/http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/sporting_regulations/8686/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="DriveChang">{{cite web|title=Driver changes and additional drivers|url=http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/sporting_regulations/8694/|website= formula1.com|date=10 June 2011|access-date=10 June 2011|archive-date=20 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110620024651/http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/sporting_regulations/8694/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Tyre rules===
[[File:Pirelli Tire Range (52849596009).jpg|thumb|The 2023 Pirelli tyres include (from left to right) the three slick compound tyres: soft, medium, and hard {{ndash}} and the two wet-weather tyre compounds: intermediate and full-wet.]]

Each driver is allotted four sets of intermediate tyres, three sets of wet-weather tyres and thirteen sets of dry-weather tyres for each race weekend. All unused tyres must be returned.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 December 2020|title=2021 Formula 1 Sporting Regulations|url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2021_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_iss_5_-_2020-12-16.pdf|publisher=Federation Internationale de l'Automobile|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217153320/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2021_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_iss_5_-_2020-12-16.pdf|archive-date=17 December 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Qualifying===
For much of the sport's history, qualifying sessions differed little from practice sessions; drivers would have one or more sessions in which to set their fastest time, with the grid order determined by each driver's best single lap, with the fastest getting first place on the grid, referred to as [[pole position]]. From 1996 to 2002, the format was a one-hour shootout. Following this, the rules were changed again because the teams were not running in the early part of the session to take advantage of better track conditions later on.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/features/2016/3/deciding-the-grid-a-history-of-f1-qualifying-formats.html|title=Deciding the grid – A history of F1 qualifying formats|website= formula1.com|date=17 March 2016|access-date=20 May 2021|archive-date=30 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830180030/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/features/2016/3/deciding-the-grid-a-history-of-f1-qualifying-formats.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The current qualifying format, known as "knock-out" qualifying, was introduced in the 2006 season. It is divided into three stages, referred to as Q1, Q2, and Q3. Drivers may complete as many laps as they choose in an attempt to progress to the next stage, with the slowest drivers being eliminated at the end of each round. Any timed lap started before the end of that period may be completed and will count toward that driver's placement. The number of cars eliminated in each session is dependent on the total number of cars entered into the championship.<ref name=Qual>{{cite web|title=Sporting regulations: Practice and qualifying|url=http://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Practice_qualifying_and_race_start_procedure.html|website=formula1.com|access-date=3 January 2016|archive-date=1 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501104833/http://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Practice_qualifying_and_race_start_procedure.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{As of|2025}}, with 20 cars on the grid, Q1 runs for 18 minutes and eliminates the slowest five drivers. During this session, any driver whose best lap takes longer than [[107% rule|107%]] of the fastest time in Q1 will not be allowed to start the race without permission from the stewards.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Coleman |first1=Madeline |title=F1's 107% rule: How it works, and why race stewards don't always enforce it |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5227587/2024/02/15/f1-107-rule-how-it-works/ |website=The New York Times |access-date=15 September 2025 |date=26 February 2024}}</ref> In Q2, the 15 remaining drivers have 15 minutes to set one of the ten fastest times and proceed to the next period. Finally, Q3 lasts 12 minutes and determines the first ten grid positions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Beginner's guide to the F1 weekend |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/the-beginners-guide-to-the-formula-1-weekend.5RFZzGXNhEi9AEuMXwo987 |website=formula1.com |access-date=15 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Each car is allocated one set of the softest tyres for use in Q3. The cars that qualify for Q3 must return them after session; the cars that do not qualify for round can use them during the race.<ref name=2020Regs>{{cite web|title=2020 Formula One Sporting Regulations|url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2020_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_iss_8_-_2020-05-27_0.pdf|publisher=Federation Internationale de l'Automobile|access-date=15 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604223100/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2020_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_iss_8_-_2020-05-27_0.pdf|archive-date=4 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Any penalties that affect grid position are applied at the end of qualifying.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jenkins |first1=Keith |title=How do F1 penalties work? Rules for warnings, fines, more |url=https://www.espn.in/racing/story/_/id/45508089/how-do-f1-penalties-work-rules-warnings-fines-more |website=ESPN |access-date=15 September 2025 |language=en |date=26 June 2025}}</ref>

===Sprints===

2021 saw the trialling of a 'sprint qualifying' race on the Saturday of three race weekends, with the intention of testing a new approach to qualifying. The traditional qualifying would determine the starting order for the sprint, and the result of the sprint would then determine the start order for the Grand Prix.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.planetf1.com/news/sprint-races-finalised-imola/|website=PlanetF1.com|access-date=7 April 2021|title=New F1 Sprint Races to be finalised by Imola|date=6 April 2021|last1=Rawcliffe|first1=Tom|archive-date=7 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407000617/https://www.planetf1.com/news/sprint-races-finalised-imola/|url-status=live}}</ref> From 2023, sprint races no longer impacted the start order for the main race, which would be determined by traditional qualifying. Sprints would have their own qualifying session, titled the 'sprint shootout'.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-formula-1-announces-venues-for-six-f1-sprint-events-across-2023.4tvAAXFGdkoHKE8Onjh8Ya.html|title=Formula 1 announces venues for six F1 Sprint events across 2023 season|website= formula1.com|date=7 December 2022|access-date=21 March 2023|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207113722/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-formula-1-announces-venues-for-six-f1-sprint-events-across-2023.4tvAAXFGdkoHKE8Onjh8Ya.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Sprint qualifying sessions are run much shorter than traditional qualifying, and each session requires teams to fit new tyres, mediums for SQ1 and SQ2, and softs for SQ3.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.explained-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-2023-f1-sprint-format.583WHWKbWVVBemPKi6pJxH.html|title=Explained: Everything you need to know about the 2023 F1 Sprint format|website= formula1.com|date=25 April 2023|access-date=25 April 2023|archive-date=20 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520011029/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.explained-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-2023-f1-sprint-format.583WHWKbWVVBemPKi6pJxH.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Race===
The race begins with a warm-up lap, known as the formation lap, after which the cars assemble on the starting grid in the order they qualified. This allows drivers to check the condition of the track and their car, gives the tyres a chance to warm up to increase traction and grip, and provides the pit crews time to clear themselves and their equipment from the grid for the race start.<ref>{{cite news |title=F1 Explained: The formation lap |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/video/36363/13237888/f1-explained-the-formation-lap |access-date=15 September 2025 |work=Sky Sports}}</ref>
[[File:Jacques Villeneuve (Sauber) qualifying at US Grand Prix 2005.jpg|thumb|[[Jacques Villeneuve]] qualifying at the [[2005 United States Grand Prix]] in his [[Sauber C24]]]]

Once all the cars have formed on the grid, the medical car positions itself behind the pack.<ref>{{cite web |last=Baxter-Priest |first=Matthew |date=2 March 2023 |title=What is the car at the back of the F1 grid? {{!}} Esquire Middle East – The Region's Best Men's Magazine |url=https://www.esquireme.com/sports/what-is-the-car-at-the-back-of-the-f1-grid |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103153821/https://www.esquireme.com/sports/what-is-the-car-at-the-back-of-the-f1-grid |archive-date=3 November 2023 |access-date=3 November 2023 |website=Esquire Middle East – The Region's Best Men's Magazine}}</ref> Five red lights are then illuminated at intervals of one second above the track; before being extinguished simultaneously after an unspecified time to signal the start of the race.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Formula 1 rules that every new fan needs to know|url=https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/881ba06f-3898-4fe1-8d5c-4c01af217c0e/the-f1-rules-that-every-new-fan-needs-to-know|website=Atlassian Williams Racing |access-date=15 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The start procedure may be aborted in the event of a serious accident or dangerous conditions or if a driver stalls on the grid or on the track in an unsafe position, signalled by raising their arm.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cooper |first1=Adam |title=McLaren: F1's aborted-start rule "a little confusing" amid Norris fine |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/mclaren-aborted-start-rule-confusing-norris-fine/10671253/ |website=motorsport.com |access-date=15 September 2025}}</ref> The race may also be started from behind the Safety Car if a racing start is considered excessively dangerous, such as in extremely heavy rainfall. There is no formation lap in such circumstances.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/sporting_regulations/8691/ |title=Race start procedure |website= formula1.com|access-date=16 October 2010 |archive-date=4 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704181035/http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/sporting_regulations/8691/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Throughout the race, drivers may make [[pit stop]]s to change tyres and repair damage. Three dry tyre compounds, with different durability and adhesion characteristics, are available to drivers. Under wet conditions, drivers may switch to one of two specialised wet weather tyres with additional grooves. Over the course of a race, drivers must make at least one pit stop and use two different available compounds.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Asher |first1=Richard |last2=Braybrook |first2=Rebecca |title=F1 tyres: What are the Pirelli compounds and 2024 rules |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-tyres-what-are-the-compounds-and-what-do-they-mean/10344284/ |website=autosport.com |access-date=15 September 2025 |language=en |date=15 September 2025}}</ref>{{efn|A mandatory two-pit stop rule was enforced for the [[2025 Monaco Grand Prix]].<ref>{{cite web |title=EXPLAINER: What is the new two-stop rule for Monaco? |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/explained-what-is-the-new-two-stop-rule-for-the-monaco-grand-prix-and-how.1qropbdmR05S3BqgYsHtpE |website=formula1.com |access-date=15 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}

The race typically finishes when the leader has completed the predetermined number of laps. Positions for drivers on the same lap are then determined in the order that they cross the finish line. Lapped cars that have completed at least 90% of the distance are then classified according to their relative track position and number of laps completed. Races can, however, be paused or ended early if the conditions become unsafe. In the case of suspension, a ten-minute warning is given before the race is resumed behind the safety car.<ref>{{cite web |title=2025 Formula 1 Sporting Regulations |url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/fia_2025_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_issue_1_-_2024-07-31.pdf |website=Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile |access-date=15 September 2025}}</ref>

====Race director====
{{Main|Race director#Formula One}}

This role involves managing the logistics of each F1 Grand Prix, enforcing FIA rules and controlling the lights at the start of each race.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Austin |first1=Daniel |title=F1 race director: Job explained and Rui Marques profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/articles/cdxyw4ygdw7o |website=BBC Sport |access-date=15 September 2025 |date=13 November 2024}}</ref> The race director can also refer incidents to the race stewards, who may give penalties, such as drive-through penalties (or stop-and-go penalties), demotions on a pre-race start grid, race disqualifications, and fines should parties break regulations. As of the [[2024 Las Vegas Grand Prix]], the race director is [[Rui Marques (Formula One)|Rui Marques]], with [[Herbie Blash]] as a permanent advisor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Michael Masi replaced as race director amid FIA structural changes|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.michael-masi-replaced-as-race-director-amid-fia-structural-changes.174xskJuXpEIAiXPQ98oPE.html|access-date=2022-02-17|website=formula1.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=F1 Race Director Niels Wittich to step down |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/f1-race-director-niels-wittich-to-step-down.16N8MAvayeUNcM2mw2pXEv |date=12 November 2024 |access-date=15 November 2024 |website= formula1.com|language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=12 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112054445/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/f1-race-director-niels-wittich-to-step-down.16N8MAvayeUNcM2mw2pXEv}}</ref>

====Safety car====
{{Main|Safety car#Formula One}}
{{Multiple image
| perrow            = 1
| total_width       = 250
| image1            = Formula 1 Safety Car Mercedes-AMG GT R.jpg
| alt1              = A Mercedes Safety Car during the 2019 Formula One World Championship
| image2            = Aston Martin Safety Car F1 2022.jpg
| alt2              = An Aston Martin Safety Car during the 2022 Formula One World Championship
| footer            = The [[Mercedes-AMG GT R]] (top) and [[Aston Martin Vantage (2018)#F1 Safety Car|Aston Martin]] (bottom) safety cars at the [[2019 Hungarian Grand Prix]] and [[2022 Formula One World Championship]], respectively
}}

In the event of an incident that risks the safety of competitors or trackside [[Motorsport marshal|race marshals]], race officials may choose to deploy the [[safety car]]. This neutralises the race, with drivers required to follow the safety car in race order at reduced speed, and overtaking is not allowed. Cars that have been lapped may, if permitted by the race director, be allowed to unlap themselves in order to ensure a smoother restart. The safety car remains on the track until the danger is cleared. After it comes in, the race restarts with a [[rolling start]], with the leading car taking over its role until they reach the timing line. Pit stops under a safety car are permitted, and in many cases can offer a great advantage to teams who are able to pit and change tyres prior to the end of the safety car period.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coleman |first=Madeline |date=22 March 2023 |title=F1 safety cars explained: How caution laps shaped the Saudi Arabian Grand Prix |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4331763/2023/03/22/f1-safety-cars-explained-saudi-arabian-grand-prix/ |access-date=13 September 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127044400/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4331763/2023/03/22/f1-safety-cars-explained-saudi-arabian-grand-prix/ |archive-date=27 November 2024}}</ref>

[[Mercedes-Benz]] has supplied a variety of its [[Mercedes-AMG|AMG]] models to Formula One to use as the safety car since 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bart-Williams |first=Nadim |date=17 June 2023 |title=Timeline: The 50-year history of the Safety Car's evolution in Formula 1 |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/timeline-the-50-year-history-of-the-safety-cars-evolution-in-formula-1.3pYd8T6uM4dVWnp1VQ30Vz |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=formula1.com |language=en |quote=However, that all changed midway through the [[1996 Formula One World Championship|1996 season]], thanks to an agreement that has lasted until this day. Formula 1 and Mercedes joined forces, giving the German manufacturer the responsibility of supplying the Official Safety Car for all races. |url-status=live |archive-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114131435/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/timeline-the-50-year-history-of-the-safety-cars-evolution-in-formula-1.3pYd8T6uM4dVWnp1VQ30Vz}}</ref> From 2021 onwards, [[Aston Martin]] has supplied the [[Aston Martin Vantage (2018)|Vantage]] to share duties with Mercedes-AMGs.<ref>{{cite web |date=8 March 2021 |title=Check out the new Mercedes and Aston Martin Safety Cars that'll be used in F1 in 2021 |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.check-out-the-new-mercedes-and-aston-martin-f1-safety-cars-2021.6oPIsF0xEkmJXmwkvrp3Tu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308170924/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.check-out-the-new-mercedes-and-aston-martin-f1-safety-cars-2021.6oPIsF0xEkmJXmwkvrp3Tu.html |archive-date=8 March 2021 |access-date=12 March 2021 |website= formula1.com}}</ref> Since 2000, the main safety car driver has been German ex-racing driver [[Bernd Mayländer]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Borgne |first1=Louise |title=Meet Bernd Mayländer, Formula 1's safety car driver |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/sports/article/2023/03/19/formula-1-bernd-maylander-safety-car-driver-and-single-seater-tamer_6019929_9.html |newspaper= Le Monde |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en |date=19 March 2023}}</ref> He is usually joined by FIA technical assistant Richard Darker, who relays information between the safety car and race control.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bradley |first=Charles |date=13 May 2023 |title=Why Bernd Maylander is the safest pair of hands in F1 |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/bernd-maylander-f1-safety-car-interview/10468948/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527143733/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/bernd-maylander-f1-safety-car-interview/10468948/ |archive-date=27 May 2023 |access-date=13 September 2024 |website= motorsport.com}}</ref>

===== Virtual Safety Car (VSC) =====
{{Main|Safety car#Virtual safety car (VSC)}}

In 2014, the FIA established an "accident panel" to investigate the circumstances surrounding [[Jules Bianchi]]'s fatal crash at the [[2014 Japanese Grand Prix|Japanese Grand Prix]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Jules Bianchi: Ross Brawn included on FIA accident panel |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/29696237 |work=BBC Sport |access-date=15 September 2025 |date=20 October 2014}}</ref> They were tasked with identifying measures to reduce the risk of similar incidents, particularly in situations where deploying a safety car is not justified and yellow flags alone are inadequate.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Braybrook |first1=Rebecca |title=F1 safety car: What is it and how does it work? |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/f1-safety-car-how-does-it-work/10553952/ |website=motorsport.com |access-date=15 September 2025}}</ref>

One of the proposed recommendations was the introduction of a Virtual Safety Car period during which drivers must keep their lap times above a pre-determined minimum, also known as keeping a positive delta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2015 |title=FIA clarifies new virtual safety car procedures |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/headlines/2015/1/FIA-clarifies-new-virtual-safety-car-procedures.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422185038/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/headlines/2015/1/FIA-clarifies-new-virtual-safety-car-procedures.html |archive-date=22 April 2024 |url-status=live |access-date=14 September 2024 |website= formula1.com |language=en}}</ref> The system was first implemented during the [[2015 Monaco Grand Prix]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Adam |date=22 May 2023 |orig-date=24 May 2021 |title=When Mercedes "screwed up" Hamilton's race in Monaco |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/mercedes-hamilton-monaco-screwed-rosberg/4795991/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021093557/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/mercedes-hamilton-monaco-screwed-rosberg/4795991/ |archive-date=21 October 2021 |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=motorsport.com}}</ref>

=== Flags ===
{{main|Racing flags}}
Flags specifications and usage are prescribed by Appendix H of the [[FIA]]'s International Sporting Code.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/appendix_h_2021_published_09_03_2021.pdf|title=FIA International Sporting Code: Appendix H|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510213732/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/appendix_h_2021_published_09_03_2021.pdf|publisher=Federation Internationale de l'Automobile|archive-date=10 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Flag
!Name
!Meaning
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[File:Auto Racing Yellow.svg|50px]]
!SC Board<br />(Safety Car)
|Shown in conjunction with a yellow flag to indicate that the&nbsp;[[Safety Car]]&nbsp;is on track. Drivers must hold position and slow down.
|-
!VSC Board<br />(Virtual Safety Car)
|Shown in conjunction with a yellow flag to indicate that the [[Safety car#Virtual safety car (VSC)|virtual safety car]] is in use. During this time, the drivers are given minimum sector times that they must stay above, otherwise they will be penalised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Virtual Safety Car: what it is and how it works |url=https://www.monzanet.it/en/virtual-safety-car-what-it-is-and-how-it-works/ |work=Autodromo Nazionale Monza |access-date=19 August 2025 |date=18 April 2025}}</ref>
|-
!Yellow
|Indicates a hazard on or near the track. Double waved yellows inform drivers that they must slow down, and be prepared to stop, as marshals are working on or near the track.
|-
![[File:Auto Racing Green.svg|50px]]
!Green
|Normal racing conditions apply. This is usually shown following a yellow flag or a safety car to indicate that the hazard has been passed. A green flag is also shown at the start of a session.
|-
![[File:Auto Racing Oil.svg|50px]]
!Yellow and red striped
|Slippery track, due to oil, water, or loose debris. It is also 'rocked' from side to side to indicate a small animal on track.
|-
![[File:Auto Racing Plain Blue.svg|50px]]
!Blue
|Indicates that the driver must let faster cars behind them pass because they are being lapped. If a driver misses the flag three times, they can be penalised.
|-
![[File:F1 white flag.svg|50px]]
!White
|Indicates that there is a slow car ahead. Often waved at the end of the pit lane when a car is about to leave the pits.
|-
![[File:F1 black flag with orange circle.svg|50px]]
!Black and orange circle
|Car is damaged or has a mechanical problem, must return to the pit lane immediately.
|-
![[File:F1 black and white diagonal flag.svg|50px]]
!Black and white
|Warns a driver about poor sportsmanship or dangerous behaviour. Can be followed by a Black flag upon further infringement. 
|-
![[File:Auto Racing Black.svg|50px]]
!Black
|Indicates that a driver is disqualified. It can be issued after a black and white flag.
|-
![[File:F1 red flag.svg|50px]]
!Red
|Immediately halts the race or session when the conditions become too dangerous to continue.
|-
![[File:F1 chequered flag.svg|50px]]
!Chequered flag
|End of the practice, qualifying, or racing session.
|}

===Points system===
{{Main|List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems}}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!1st
!2nd
!3rd
!4th
!5th
!6th
!7th
!8th
!9th
!10th
|-
|style="background-color:#ffffbf"|25
|style="background-color:#dfdfdf"|18
|style="background-color:#ffdf9f"|15
|style="background-color:#dfffdf"|12
|style="background-color:#dfffdf"|10
|style="background-color:#dfffdf"|8
|style="background-color:#dfffdf"|6
|style="background-color:#dfffdf"|4
|style="background-color:#dfffdf"|2
|style="background-color:#dfffdf"|1
|}

Various systems for awarding championship points have been used since 1950. The current system, in place since 2010,{{efn|From 2019 to 2024, an additional point was awarded to the car which set the fastest lap, if that car finished inside the top 10.}} awards the top ten cars points in the Drivers' and Constructors' Championships, with the winner receiving 25 points. Points won at each race are added up, and the driver and constructor with the most points at the end of the season are crowned World Champions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sporting regulations: Points|url=http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/sporting_regulations/8681/|website= formula1.com|access-date=12 January 2015|archive-date=3 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003050849/http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/sporting_regulations/8681/|url-status=live}}</ref>

A driver must be classified in order to receive points. They must complete at least 90% of the race distance in order to receive points. Therefore, it is possible for a driver to receive points even if they retired before the end of the race.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sporting regulations: Classification|url=http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/sporting_regulations/8682/|website= formula1.com|access-date=12 January 2015|archive-date=18 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118032822/http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/sporting_regulations/8682/|url-status=live}}</ref>

From some time between the [[1977 Formula One season|1977]] and [[1980 Formula One season|1980]] seasons to the end of the [[2021 Formula One World Championship|2021 season]], if less than 75% of the race laps were completed by the winner, then only half of the points listed in the table were awarded to the drivers and constructors. The half points rule was replaced by a distance-dependent, gradual scale system for [[2022 Formula One World Championship|2022]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2022 |title=2022 Formula One sporting regulations |url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2022_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_iss_5_-_2022-03-15.pdf |access-date=18 March 2022 |pages=4–5 |publisher=Federation Internationale de l'Automobile|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316112413/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2022_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_iss_5_-_2022-03-15.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Constructors==
{{See also|List of Formula One constructors|List of Formula One engine constructors|List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions}}

[[File:2025 Japan GP - Ferrari - Lewis Hamilton - FP1.jpg|thumb|[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] (pictured with [[Lewis Hamilton]]) have competed in every season of the championship.]]
A Formula One constructor is the entity credited for designing the chassis and the engine.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Verlin|first=Kurt|date=10 October 2017|title=Quick Guide to Formula One Constructors|url=https://thenewswheel.com/quick-guide-to-formula-one-constructors/|access-date=2 December 2020|website=The News Wheel|language=en-US|archive-date=31 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231220547/https://thenewswheel.com/quick-guide-to-formula-one-constructors/|url-status=live}}</ref> If both are designed by the same company, they receive sole credit as the constructor (e.g., [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]). If they are designed by different companies, both are credited, with the name of the chassis designer being placed before that of the engine designer (e.g., {{nowrap|[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]}}). All constructors are scored individually, even if they share a chassis or engine with another constructor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1983 Constructor Standings|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/1983/team.html|access-date=2 December 2020|website= formula1.com|language=en|archive-date=1 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201065752/https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/1983/team.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Entering a new team in the Formula One World Championship requires a $450 million up-front payment to the FIA, which is then shared equally among the existing teams.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Maher |first1=Thomas |title=Cadillac's $450m payment declared 'too low' for F1 2026 entry |url=https://www.planetf1.com/news/toto-wolff-cadillac-f1-team-anti-dilution-payment-too-low-f1-2026 |website=PlanetF1.com |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en |date=18 January 2025}}</ref>

Since {{F1|1981}}, Formula One teams have been required to build the chassis in which they compete.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://forix.autosport.com/8w/fiasco-introduction-timeline.html |title=Poachers turned gamekeepers: how the FOCA became the new FIA ''Part 1: Introduction and timeline'' |last=Diepraam |first=Mattijs |date=21 November 2007|website=forix.com |access-date=16 October 2010 |archive-date=11 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611091438/http://forix.autosport.com/8w/fiasco-introduction-timeline.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This requirement distinguishes Formula One from series such as the [[IndyCar Series]] which allows teams to purchase chassis, and "[[spec series]]", like [[FIA Formula 2 Championship|Formula 2]], which require all cars be built to identical specifications.<ref>{{cite web |title=NTT INDYCAR SERIES Prepares To Introduce Innovative New Car for 2028 |url=http://www.indycar.com/news/2025/06/06-21-newcar-update |website=IndyCar.com |access-date=15 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=F1 vs F2: what's the difference? |url=https://www.redbull.com/int-en/f1-vs-f2 |website=Red Bull |access-date=15 September 2025 |language=en |date=26 July 2023}}</ref> Despite this rule, however, two teams used chassis built by other teams in 2007. [[Super Aguri]] started the season using a modified [[Honda RA106|Honda Racing RA106]] chassis, while [[Scuderia Toro Rosso]] used the same chassis used as the parent [[Red Bull Racing]] team, which was formally designed by a separate subsidiary. The use of these loopholes was ended for 2010 with the publication of new technical regulations, which require each constructor to own the intellectual property rights to their chassis,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.formula1.com/news/interviews/2008/3/7527.html|title=Formula 1: Interview&nbsp;– Toro Rosso's Gerhard Berger|access-date=23 May 2008|date=23 May 2008|website= formula1.com|archive-date=26 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726075748/http://www.formula1.com/news/interviews/2008/3/7527.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Niko Hulkenberg-Test Days 2018 Circuit Barcelona (1).jpg|thumb|[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] (pictured with [[Nico Hülkenberg]]) have had an active role in Formula One as both constructor and engine supplier since {{F1|1977}} before withdrawing from the series in {{F1|2026}}.]]

Nine out of the ten teams competing in Formula One have some form of base in England, in an area centred around [[Oxfordshire]] called "Motorsport Valley".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-03 |title=United Kingdom - Electric Vehicles/Autonomous Technologies |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/united-kingdom-electric-vehiclesautonomous-technologies |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=International Trade Administration |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Sam |date=2025-06-12 |title=F1 team HQs: Where each team is based and plan major upgrades |url=https://www.planetf1.com/features/where-f1-teams-based |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=PlanetF1.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> Ferrari is the only team to not have an English presence and have both their chassis and engine assembly in [[Maranello]], Italy.<ref>{{cite web |title=A special 'home' called Maranello |url=https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/magazine/articles/architettura-maranello-ferrari-headquarters |work=Ferrari |access-date=16 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref> [[Racing Bulls]] is based close to Ferrari in [[Faenza]] but also has a base in [[Milton Keynes]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=How Racing Bulls has adopted its &quot;location-free&quot; approach with Red Bull relationship |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/how-racing-bulls-has-adopted-its-location-free-approach-with-red-bull-relationship/10700977/ |website=autosport.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321011255/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/how-racing-bulls-has-adopted-its-location-free-approach-with-red-bull-relationship/10700977/ |archive-date=21 March 2025 |access-date=2025-07-15 |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> whilst [[Sauber Motorsport|Sauber]] is based in [[Hinwil]], Switzerland, with a "technology centre" in [[Bicester]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sauber Motorsport Opens Technology Centre at Bicester Motion, UK |url=https://www.sauber-group.com/corporate/news/detail/sauber-motorsport-opens-technology-centre-at-bicester-motion-uk |access-date=2025-07-15 |work = Sauber Motorsports}}</ref> Haas is U.S.-based and has its primary base in [[Kannapolis, North Carolina]], with another facility in [[Banbury]] and a design office in Maranello.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|title=Britain's Motorsport Valley – the home of Formula 1 |language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/23048643|date=26 June 2013|access-date=6 August 2021|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927174311/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/23048643|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Asher |first1=Richard |last2=Hardy |first2=Ed |title=Where are F1 teams based? Ferrari, Red Bull and more |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/where-are-f1-teams-based/10348715/ |website=autosport.com |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=United States {{!}} Haas F1 Team |url=https://www.haasf1team.com/united-states |access-date=2025-07-12 |work=Haas F1 Team |language=en}}</ref> The [[Cadillac in Formula One|Cadillac]] team joining the grid in [[2026 Formula One World Championship|2026]] is set to have bases in [[Fishers, Indiana]], [[Warren, Michigan]], and [[Silverstone]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Cadillac receive final approval to join F1 grid in 2026 |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/cadillac-receive-final-approval-to-join-formula-1-grid-in-2026-as-11th-team.1saxQLtLPc7k9TFl4eNrQN |website=formula1.com |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Drivers==
{{See also|List of Formula One drivers|List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|List of Formula One driver numbers}}
[[File:Lap4 Canada2005.jpg|thumb|[[Kimi Räikkönen]] leading Michael Schumacher, with [[Jarno Trulli]] ([[Toyota in Formula One|Toyota]]) and [[Takuma Sato]] ([[British American Racing|BAR]]-[[Honda in Formula One|Honda]]) fighting for positions at the [[2005 Canadian Grand Prix]]]]

Every team in Formula One must run two cars in every session in a Grand Prix weekend, and every team may use up to four drivers in a season.<ref name="DriveChang" /> A team may also run two additional drivers during Free Practice sessions,<ref name="DriveChang"/> which are often used to test potential new drivers for a career as a Formula One driver or gain experienced drivers to evaluate the car.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wood |first1=Ida |title=The young drivers who used F1 free practice to make an impact |url=https://formulascout.com/the-young-drivers-who-used-f1-free-practice-to-make-an-impact/55299 |website=FormulaScout.com |access-date=19 August 2025 |date=11 October 2019}}</ref> Most drivers are typically contracted for at least the duration of a season,<ref>{{cite web |title=How long do the F1 drivers' current deals last? |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/f1-driver-contracts-from-max-verstappen-to-fernando-alonso-how-long-do-their.2Whfs8HMxllxTxHFbXVUMl |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> with driver changes taking place in-between seasons.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why Hamilton decided now was the time to jump to Ferrari |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/analysis-lewis-hamilton-mercedes-ferrari-switch-2025.17ehPp0qVZ60VQTCYSzMkN |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Recent years, however, have seen a move away from this trend, with teams replacing drivers like [[Daniel Ricciardo]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Ricciardo to leave RB as team get set for driver change |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/breaking-ricciardo-to-leave-rb-with-immediate-effect-as-team-get-set-for-mid.1O8CDJ6kYB9VsxpPrbqxX0#:~:text=%E2%80%9CEveryone%20here%20at%20VCARB%20would,foster%20a%20tight%20team%20spirit. |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> [[Logan Sargeant]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Why Williams decided to axe Sargeant for Colapinto |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/analysis-williams-logan-sargeant-franco-colapinto-axed.5f9FpK122kaYg3Pj4fdnAK |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Jack Doohan]] mid-season.<ref>{{cite web |title=Colapinto to replace Doohan at Alpine for next five rounds |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/alpine-confirm-colapinto-to-replace-doohan-for-next-five-rounds-as-team-opt.4lH96VnGHyC45S3yjeJOMK |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Each competitor must be in the possession of an [[FIA Super Licence]] to compete in a Grand Prix,<ref name=AppL>{{cite web|title=Appendix L to the International Sporting Code|url=http://argent.fia.com/web/fia-public.nsf/C30FA5AA9E36713DC125786B004EDCFC/$FILE/11.04.07_Annexe%20L_%202011.pdf|publisher=Federation Internationale de l'Automobile|date=7 April 2011|access-date=10 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002144005/http://argent.fia.com/web/fia-public.nsf/C30FA5AA9E36713DC125786B004EDCFC/$FILE/11.04.07_Annexe%20L_%202011.pdf|archive-date=2 October 2011}}</ref> which is issued to drivers who have met the criteria of success in junior motorsport categories and have achieved {{convert|300|km}} of running in a Formula One car in 2 days.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Holding |first1=Joe |title=How do you get an F1 super-licence? |url=https://www.topgear.com/car-news/formula-one/how-do-you-get-f1-super-licence |website=Top Gear |date=25 October 2022 |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref><ref name=AppL/> Teams can also contract reserve drivers to stand in for regular drivers when necessary and develop the team's car.<ref>{{cite web |title=All the 2025 reserve drivers for every F1 team |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/all-the-2025-reserve-drivers-for-every-f1-team.rrmAe0qcgsARqNG07ZrqA |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> With the reduction in testing, however, the reserve drivers' role mainly takes places on a [[simulator]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Coleman |first1=Madeline |title=The life of an F1 reserve driver: Sim time, data crunching — and Candy Crush |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5295836/2024/02/26/f1-reserve-drivers-explained/ |website=The New York Times |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=25 May 2025}}</ref> such as ''[[rFpro]]'',<ref name=rFPro>{{cite web|title=Taking the lag out of dynamics simulation|url=http://articles.sae.org/12760/|newspaper=SAE Automotive Engineering Magazine|access-date=31 August 2015|archive-date=4 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004173929/http://articles.sae.org/12760/|url-status=live}}</ref> which is used by most of the F1 teams.<ref name=rFProISI>{{cite web|title=History of the Image Space Inc. Software Engine|url=http://imagespaceinc.com/software.php|work=Image Space Incorporated|access-date=31 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924033750/http://www.imagespaceinc.com/software.php|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref>

Each driver chooses an unassigned number from 2 to 99 (excluding 17, which was retired following the death of [[Jules Bianchi]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Number 17 to be retired in Bianchi's honour|url=https://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/latest/headlines/2015/7/number-17-to-be-retired-in-bianchis-honour.html|website= formula1.com|access-date=31 August 2015|date=20 July 2015|archive-date=9 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909203456/http://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/latest/headlines/2015/7/number-17-to-be-retired-in-bianchis-honour.html|url-status=live}}</ref> upon entering Formula One and keeps that number during their time in the series. The number one is reserved for the reigning Drivers' Champion, who retains their previous number and may choose to use it instead of the number one.<ref>{{cite web|last=Benson|first=Andrew|title=Formula 1's governing body confirm drivers' numbers|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/25694748|work=BBC Sport|access-date=21 March 2014|date=11 January 2014|archive-date=12 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112134808/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/25694748|url-status=live}}</ref> At the onset of the championship, numbers were allocated by race organisers on an ad hoc basis from race to race.<ref name="F1 number">{{cite web|last=Fearnly|first=Paul|title=F1's number conundrum|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/f1s-number-conundrum|newspaper= Motor Sport Magazine|access-date=4 February 2020|date=5 December 2013|archive-date=4 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204220739/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/f1s-number-conundrum|url-status=live}}</ref>

Permanent numbers were introduced for the {{f1|1974}} season. Teams were allocated numbers in ascending order based on the Constructors' Championship standings at the end of the 1973 season. The teams would hold those numbers from season to season with the exception of the team with the World Drivers' Champion, which would swap its numbers with the one and two of the previous champion's team.<ref name="drivernum">{{cite web |title=An Introduction to Driver Numbers in Formula 1 |url=https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/b0a21eb2-dacc-4831-ab49-c5f821e28af9/an-introduction-to-driver-numbers-in-formula-1 |website=Atlassian Williams Racing |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> New entrants were allocated spare numbers, with the exception of the number 13, which has only ever been used by [[Divina Galica]] and [[Pastor Maldonado]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cooper |first1=Adam |title=How F1 teams overcame superstition to embrace number 13 |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/how-f1-teams-overcame-superstition-to-embrace-number-13/8133419/ |website=motorsport.com |access-date=19 August 2025}}</ref>

[[File:Drivers' World Championship trophy 2004 replica front1 2019 Michael Schumacher Private Collection.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|A replica of the trophy given to the F1 World Drivers' Champion at the end of the season<!--Note this is a replica-->]]

As teams kept their numbers for long periods of time, car numbers became associated with a team, such as [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari's]] 27 and 28.<ref name="F1 number" /> A different system was used from {{f1|1996}} to {{f1|2013}}. At the start of each season, the current Drivers' Champion was designated number one, their teammate number two, and the rest of the teams assigned ascending numbers according to the previous season's Constructors' Championship order.<ref name="drivernum"/>

{{As of|2024}}, a total of 34 separate drivers have won the World Drivers' Championship, with Michael Schumacher and Lewis Hamilton holding the record for most championships with seven.<ref>{{cite web |title=Beginner's guide to the F1 Drivers' Championship |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/the-beginners-guide-to-the-f1-drivers-championship.53MjXJzTDxQnfxfoCLnxNZ |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> [[Jochen Rindt]] is the only posthumous World Champion, after his points total was not surpassed despite his fatal accident at the [[1970 Italian Grand Prix]], with 4 races still remaining in the season.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wyatt |first1=Ben |title=Jochen Rindt: The F1 champion crowned beyond the grave |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/54973818 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en |date=18 November 2020}}</ref> [[Formula One drivers from the United Kingdom|Drivers from the United Kingdom]] have been the most successful in the sport, with 20 championships among 10 drivers and {{#expr:204+{{F1stat|HAM|wins}}+{{F1stat|NOR|wins}}+{{F1stat|RUS|wins}}+0}} wins {{as of|2025|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Kingdom • STATS F1 |url=https://www.statsf1.com/en/united-kingdom.aspx |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=statsf1.com}}</ref>

===Physical demands===

Driving in Formula One is highly demanding physically with drivers typically burning around 1,000 calories per hour and losing up to 5% of their body weight per race.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Gaines |first=Cork |title=Formula 1 drivers need to weigh the same at every race. See inside their intense training regimen. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/f1-drivers-weight-limit-fitness-training-diet-2023-10 |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fit For F1: Why nutrition is so important for Formula 1 drivers |last=Hynes |first=Justin |date=25 February 2024 |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/fit-for-f1-why-nutrition-is-so-important-for-formula-1-drivers.1kODg9YslcgdxBgKZT8FQ5 |access-date=7 August 2024 |website= formula1.com |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=7 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807211658/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/fit-for-f1-why-nutrition-is-so-important-for-formula-1-drivers.1kODg9YslcgdxBgKZT8FQ5}}</ref> A key reason for the physical demands is the extreme [[g-force]] generated by driving at high speeds, with modern Formula One cars capable of generating forces of up to 6.5 ''g''s when cornering (i.e. feeling a force equivalent to six and a half times their body weight), 6 ''g''s when braking, and 2 ''g''s when accelerating.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Video: Analysing 2017's massive rises in G-Force |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/video-analysing-2017s-massive-rises-in-g-force.vX8IhGjqmsaCoyy2uKKOi |date=31 March 2017 |access-date=7 August 2024 |website= formula1.com |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=5 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205025721/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/video-analysing-2017s-massive-rises-in-g-force.vX8IhGjqmsaCoyy2uKKOi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2024 |title=G-Force in F1: What is it and how many G's do drivers experience during a race |url=https://www.gpfans.com/en/f1-news/1010709/f1-g-force/ |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=GPfans.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lane |first=Barnaby |title=I went through testing to discover what it takes to be a Formula One driver and I was left super impressed by just how fit, strong, and fast they have to be |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/f1-how-fit-strong-fast-do-drivers-have-to-be-2022-6 |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>  Another factor is the high temperature inside the car, as the engine is mounted directly behind the driver. The temperature in the cockpit of a Formula One car can be as high as {{convert|60|°C|°F}}, and drivers have to wear several layers of fireproof [[Racing suit|clothing]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cooper |first1=Adam |title=Why cockpit heat is such a big issue for F1 drivers |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/why-cockpit-heat-is-such-a-big-issue-for-f1-drivers/10535663/ |website=motorsport.com |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Why the Singapore Grand Prix is F1's toughest race |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/why-the-singapore-grand-prix-is-f1s-toughest-race/10617249/ |website=autosport.com |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The steering wheel and brake pedal also require considerable strength to operate. Before the introduction of [[power steering]] in the 2000s, drivers had to cope with steering forces of up to {{convert|40–50|Nm|lbft}},<ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary of Honda Third-Era Formula One Chassis Development |url=https://www.hondarandd.jp/point.php?pid=595&lang=en |access-date=7 August 2024 |work=Honda R&D}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Development of Electric Power Steering System for F-1 Race Car |url=https://www.hondarandd.jp/point.php?pid=522&lang=en |access-date=7 August 2024 |work=Honda R&D}}</ref> while achieving maximum braking power requires drivers to apply around {{convert|330|lb|kg|abbr=on|0|order=flip}} of force to the brake pedal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Surprising Physical Demands of Being an F1 Driver |url=https://mph.com/news/54/the-surprising-physical-demands-of-being-an-f1-driver |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=MPH.com |language=en}}</ref>

Every extra kilogram of weight noticeably reduces a drivers performance, as such, they must be light - though a minimum limit of {{convert|82|kg|lb|abbr=on}} has been enforced by the FIA "in the interests of well-being".<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=F1 commission rules out points system change |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/f1-commission-rules-out-points-system-change-and-sets-out-2026-pre-season.4ZmaeF5mnPLMkoHXtUoZLD |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> They also need to train on cardiovascular fitness since heart rates can, on average, exceed 170 bpm during a race.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holding |first=Joe |date=22 March 2021 |title=F1 Driver Training, What's their workout regime, diet, cardio, & more |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/f1-driver-training-workout-regime-diet-cardio/5847575/ |access-date=8 December 2024 |website=motorsport.com |url-status=live |archive-date=28 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228190543/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/f1-driver-training-workout-regime-diet-cardio/5847575/}}</ref>

===Feeder series===
{{See also|Formula racing|FIA Global Pathway from Karting to Formula One}}
[[File:FIA F2 Austria 2024 Nr. 12 Colapinto.jpg|thumb|The [[FIA Formula 2 Championship]] (F2) has been main F1 feeder series since {{F2|2017}}.]]
[[File:FIA F3 Austria 2024 Nr. 4 Fornaroli.jpg|thumb|[[FIA Formula 3 Championship]] (F3) has been the main F2 feeder series since [[2019 FIA Formula 3 Championship|2019]].]]
Most F1 drivers start in [[kart racing]] competitions and then progress through traditional entry level European single-seater series such as [[Formula Ford]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nickless |first=Steve |date=2019-01-07 |title=Don't call it a comeback: Formula Ford at 50 is showing fresh legs |url=https://racer.com/2019/01/07/dont-call-it-a-comeback-formula-ford-at-50-is-showing-fresh-legs/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=racer.com |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Formula Renault]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Ida |date=2020-11-20 |title=Where Formula Renault is headed next, and how it got there |url=https://formulascout.com/where-formula-renault-is-headed-next-and-how-it-got-there/70938 |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=FormulaScout.com |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Formula 4]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Messham |first=Paul |title=The Path to F1 |url=https://atlasf1.autosport.com/97/jpn/messham.html |access-date=2025-03-15|website=autosport.com}}</ref> From there, drivers typically progress to higher-level regional championships at the [[Formula Three]] level. This included championships like [[British Formula 3 International Series|British F3]] and [[FIA Formula 3 European Championship|European F3]] historically, although similar series now hold the [[Formula Regional]] designation. In addition to this, there are also international F3 championships, including [[GP3 Series|GP3]] and its present-day successor, [[FIA Formula 3 Championship|FIA F3]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Championnat F3 |url=https://www.art-grandprix.com/en/championnats/championship-f3/ |work=ART Grand Prix |access-date=19 August 2025}}</ref> The highest level series on the F1 ladder is the [[FIA Formula 2 Championship]]. In the past, the top level series was [[GP2 Series|GP2]] (2005–2016), [[International Formula 3000]] (1985–2004 under the [[Formula 3000]] class), and [[Formula Two]] (1948–1984).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Newbold |first1=James |title=Formula 3000: In defence of F1's unloved feeder series |url=https://www.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/formula-3000-f1-unloved-feeder-series/6201132/ |website=motorsport.com |access-date=19 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Edmondson |first1=Laurence |title=GP2 renamed Formula Two |url=https://www.espn.in/f1/story/_/id/18864027/gp2-renamed-formula-two |website=ESPN India |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en |date=9 March 2017}}</ref>

Drivers are not required to have competed at all levels to enter Formula One. [[British F3]] has supplied many F1 drivers, with champions, including [[Nigel Mansell]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigel Mansell {{!}} Formula 1® |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/information/drivers-hall-of-fame-nigel-mansell.3mLYxotFMTyLgIRxilGObS |website=formula1.com |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> [[Ayrton Senna]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ayrton Senna {{!}} Death, Crash, Biography, Titles, Movie, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ayrton-Senna |encyclopedia=Britannica |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en |date=9 August 2025}}</ref> and [[Mika Häkkinen]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Skipping Class in School |url=https://atlasf1.autosport.com/2000/dec20/tytler.html |website=autosport.com |access-date=19 August 2025}}</ref> having moved straight from that series to Formula One. [[Max Verstappen]] made his F1 debut following a single season in [[FIA Formula 3 European Championship|European F3]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Benson |first1=Andrew |title=Max Verstappen: Formula 1's 'bull fighter' & the family that shaped him |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/59555388 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=19 August 2025 |date=9 December 2021}}</ref> More rarely a driver may be picked from an even lower level, as was the case with [[2007 Formula One World Championship|2007]] World Champion [[Kimi Räikkönen]], who went straight from Formula Renault to F1.<ref>{{cite web |title=10 reasons why Top Gear loves Kimi Raikkonen |url=https://www.topgear.com/car-news/formula-one/10-reasons-why-top-gear-loves-kimi-raikkonen |work=Top Gear |date=10 December 2021 |access-date=19 August 2025}}</ref>

[[American open-wheel car racing]] has also contributed to the Formula One grid. [[Championship Auto Racing Teams|CART]] champions [[Mario Andretti]] and [[Jacques Villeneuve]] became F1 World Champions, while [[Juan Pablo Montoya]] won seven races in F1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=Drivers active in both IndyCar and F1 |url=https://honda.racing/indy-car-series/post/drivers-in-both-indycar-and-f1 |access-date=2025-03-15 |work=Honda Racing Corporation |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Grands Prix==
{{See also|List of Formula One Grands Prix}}
[[File:Formula_1_all_over_the_world.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|World map showing the location of Formula 1 Grands Prix: countries marked in green are on the current race schedule, those in dark grey have hosted a Formula One race in the past.{{efn|''De facto'' status of the territories is shown.}}]]
The number of Grands Prix held in a season has varied over the years. The inaugural {{F1|1950}} World Championship season comprised only seven races,<ref name="inaugural season">{{cite web |title=1950 RACE RESULTS |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/1950/races |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref> alongside several non-championship Formula One events.<ref>{{cite web |title=Non World Championship Grand Prix - 1950|url=https://www.statsf1.com/en/1950-hc.aspx |website=statsf1.com |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref> These, however, came to an end in 1983.<ref name="lastnopointsrace"/> The {{F1|2024}} season contained 24 races, the highest number of World Championship races in one season.<ref name="2024 calendar">{{cite web |title=F1 2024 calendar revealed: Saturday night Grands Prix in Bahrain and Saudi Arabia to kick off record 24-race season |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12915418/f1-2024-calendar-revealed-saturday-night-grands-prix-in-bahrain-and-saudi-arabia-to-kick-off-record-24-race-season |access-date=5 July 2023 |website=Sky Sports |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708215051/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12915418/f1-2024-calendar-revealed-saturday-night-grands-prix-in-bahrain-and-saudi-arabia-to-kick-off-record-24-race-season |url-status=live}}</ref>

Six of the original seven races took place in Europe;<ref name="inaugural season"/> the only non-European race that counted towards the World Championship in 1950 was the [[Indianapolis 500]], which was held to different regulations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Coleman |first1=Madeline |title=F1 at 75: The historic tracks that held the sport's first world championship season |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6350551/2025/05/13/1950-f1-75-anniversary/ |website=The New York Times |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=13 May 2025}}</ref> Some of these races pre-dated the formation of the World Championship, such as the [[French Grand Prix]].<ref>{{cite web |title=French Grand Prix: Adding to the history of F1's oldest race |url=https://www.pirelli.com/global/en-ww/race/racingspot/formula-1/french-grand-prix-adding-to-the-history-of-f1-s-oldest-race-53352/ |website=pirelli.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=it}}</ref> Over time, the F1 championship gradually expanded to other non-European countries. [[Argentine Grand Prix|Argentina]] hosted the first [[1953 Argentine Grand Prix|South American Grand Prix]] in {{F1|1953}}, and [[Moroccan Grand Prix|Morocco]] hosted the first [[1958 Moroccan Grand Prix|African Grand Prix]] in {{F1|1958}}. Asia and Oceania followed ([[Japanese Grand Prix|Japan]] in {{F1|1976}} and [[Australian Grand Prix|Australia]] in {{F1|1985}}), and the first race in the Middle East was held in {{F1|2004}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Since 2004: How Bahrain's International Circuit put Middle East on global F1 map with its first race |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/since-2004-how-bahrains-international-circuit-put-middle-east-on-global-f1-map-with-its-first-race/articleshow/122916906.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=26 July 2025}}</ref> The 19 races of the {{F1|2014}} season were spread over every populated continent except for Africa, with 10 Grands Prix held outside Europe.<ref name="twenty fourteen"/>

The [[British Grand Prix|British]] and [[Italian Grand Prix|Italian]] Grands Prix are the only events to have been held every Formula One season.<ref>{{cite web |title=Which country has hosted the most F1 races? |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/which-country-hosted-most-f1-races/10560961/ |website=motorsport.com |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref> The [[Monaco Grand Prix]] was first held in 1929 and has run continuously since [[1955 Monaco Grand Prix|1955]] (with the exception of 2020)<ref>{{cite web |title=Monaco announce cancellation of 2020 F1 race due to coronavirus {{!}} Formula 1® |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/monaco-announce-cancellation-2020-f1-race.4tpwalvxWpDL0uwRMnV9TI |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> and is widely considered to be one of the most important and prestigious automobile races in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=His Serene Highness Prince Rainier of Monte Carlo awarded the first FIA Gold Medal for Motor Sport|website=Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|date=14 October 2004|url=http://www.fia.com/mediacentre/Press_Releases/FIA_Sport/2004/141004-01.html|access-date=23 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115023910/http://www.fia.com/mediacentre/Press_Releases/FIA_Sport/2004/141004-01.html|archive-date=15 November 2007}}</ref>

All Grands Prix have traditionally been run during the day, until the inaugural {{F1 GP|2008|Singapore}} hosted the first Formula One night race in 2008,<ref name="night race">{{cite web|url=http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2007/5/6063.html |title=Singapore confirms 2008 night race |website= formula1.com |date=11 May 2007 |access-date=30 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100517074908/http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2007/5/6063.html |archive-date=17 May 2010 }}</ref> which was followed by the day–night [[Abu Dhabi Grand Prix]] in 2009<ref>{{cite news | title=Abu Dhabi confirms 5&nbsp;pm race start | url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/78061 | publisher=autosport.com | date=29 October 2009 | access-date=30 October 2009 | archive-date=26 June 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626215828/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/78061/abu-dhabi-confirms-5pm-race-start | url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Bahrain Grand Prix]], which was converted to a night race in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bahrain switches to night race for 2014 |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/bahrain-switches-to-night-race-for-2014.2VWwajOgHGr31qaC2A7s5g |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Other Grands Prix in Asia have had their start times adjusted to benefit the European television audience.<ref>{{cite news|title=Malaysia start time under review|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/7985631.stm|work=BBC Sport|access-date=25 April 2014|date=6 April 2009|archive-date=30 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530094916/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/7985631.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Contracted Grands Prix===

The following twenty-four Grands Prix have a contract to be hosted at the listed circuits for the {{F1|2026}} season:&nbsp;
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;"
![[List of Formula One Grands Prix|Grand Prix]]
![[List of Formula One circuits|Circuit]]
! Contract ends
! class="unsortable" |Ref.
|-
|[[Abu Dhabi Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Yas Marina Circuit]], [[Abu Dhabi]]
| 2030
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-renews-abu-dhabi-grand-prix-contract-until-2030.4oNR96dTUunnErAiruurFd.html|title=Formula 1 renews Abu Dhabi Grand Prix contract until 2030|date=9 December 2021|work=Formula 1|access-date=2 February 2024|archive-date=12 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612142007/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-renews-abu-dhabi-grand-prix-contract-until-2030.4oNR96dTUunnErAiruurFd.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Australian Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Albert Park Circuit]], [[Melbourne]]
| 2037
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Melbourne In The Formula 1 Driver's Seat Until 2037 |url=https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/melbourne-formula-1-drivers-seat-until-2037|website=Premier of Victoria (Government of Victoria) |date=15 December 2022 |access-date=1 July 2025 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218033731/https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/melbourne-formula-1-drivers-seat-until-2037 |archive-date=18 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
|[[Austrian Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Red Bull Ring]], [[Spielberg, Styria|Spielberg]]
| 2041
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-to-race-in-austria-through-to-2041-with-new-extension.HgOK1qQjX444utFdp1A6J|title=Formula 1 to race in Austria through to 2041 with new extension
|date=29 June 2025|work=Formula 1|access-date=1 July 2025 |url-status=live |archive-date=29 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629093324/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-to-race-in-austria-through-to-2041-with-new-extension.HgOK1qQjX444utFdp1A6J}}</ref>
|-
|[[Azerbaijan Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|AZE}} [[Baku City Circuit]], [[Baku]]
| 2030
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Cleeren |first=Filip |date=20 September 2025 |title=Azerbaijan GP secures F1 contract extension until 2030 |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/azerbaijan-grand-prix-nets-f1-contract-extension-until-2030/10760922 |work=Autosport |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251019234827/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/azerbaijan-grand-prix-nets-f1-contract-extension-until-2030/10760922 |archive-date=19 October 2025 |access-date=20 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bahrain Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|BHR}} [[Bahrain International Circuit]], [[Sakhir]]
| 2036
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=Edmondson|first=Laurence|date=11 February 2022|title=Bahrain Grand Prix to remain in F1 until 2036|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/33265777/bahrain-grand-prix-signs-new-deal-remain-f1-2036|access-date=2 February 2024|work=ESPN|language=en|archive-date=11 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211114147/https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/33265777/bahrain-grand-prix-signs-new-deal-remain-f1-2036|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Barcelona-Catalunya Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya]], [[Montmeló]]
| 2026
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-formula-1-renews-deal-with-the-circuit-de-barcelona-catalunya-until.2kv0OwJ2uSikb4lhVC9Nh9.html|title=Formula 1 renews deal with the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya until 2026|date=26 November 2021|work=formula1.com|access-date=2 February 2024|archive-date=12 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612142007/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-formula-1-renews-deal-with-the-circuit-de-barcelona-catalunya-until.2kv0OwJ2uSikb4lhVC9Nh9.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Belgian Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]], [[Stavelot]]
| 2031{{efn|The event will not be held in 2028 and 2030 under the rotational contract.}}
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Formula 1 announces multi-year extension with the Belgian Grand Prix|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-announces-multi-year-extension-with-the-belgian-grand-prix.7FR5zJUgLAB7htZrRQUB07 |date=8 January 2025 |access-date=1 July 2025 |work=Formula 1 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[British Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Silverstone Circuit]], [[Silverstone]]
| 2034
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Silverstone confirmed as host of the Formula 1 British Grand Prix until 2034 |url=https://www.silverstone.co.uk/news/silverstone-confirmed-home-formula-1-british-grand-prix-until-2034 |date=8 February 2024 |access-date=8 February 2024 |work=Silverstone Circuit |language=en |archive-date=9 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209050007/https://www.silverstone.co.uk/news/silverstone-confirmed-home-formula-1-british-grand-prix-until-2034 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Canadian Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Circuit Gilles Villeneuve]], [[Montreal]]
| 2031
|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rainbird |first1=Daniel |title=Canadian Grand Prix signs Formula One contract extension through 2035 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/canadian-grand-prix-jean-philippe-paradis-event-future-montreal-1.7562655 |work=CBC Canada |access-date=19 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
|[[Chinese Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai International Circuit]], [[Shanghai]]
| 2030
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 December 2024 |title=Formula 1 to race in Shanghai until 2030 with new five-year extension |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-to-race-in-shanghai-until-2030-with-new-five-year-extension.773NjupGSMZ1sBQZUfTgY3 |access-date=7 December 2024 |work=Formula 1 |language=en |archive-date=7 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207062217/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-to-race-in-shanghai-until-2030-with-new-five-year-extension.773NjupGSMZ1sBQZUfTgY3 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Dutch Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Circuit Zandvoort]], [[Zandvoort]]
| 2026
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Formula 1 to celebrate final Dutch Grand Prix in 2026 after one-year extension confirmed for Zandvoort|date=4 December 2024|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-to-celebrate-final-dutch-grand-prix-in-2026-after-one-year.7EYLHSMGIJyqefI5tMjLrZ|work=Formula 1|language=en|url-status=live |archive-date=1 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250201220318/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-to-celebrate-final-dutch-grand-prix-in-2026-after-one-year.7EYLHSMGIJyqefI5tMjLrZ}}</ref>
|-
|[[Hungarian Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Hungaroring]], [[Mogyoród]]
| 2032
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-to-race-in-hungary-until-2032.hKn4fTq1yH00eDOYi3Pbg.html|title=Formula 1 to race in Hungary until 2032|work=Formula 1|date=22 July 2023|access-date=2 February 2024|archive-date=28 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728013023/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-to-race-in-hungary-until-2032.hKn4fTq1yH00eDOYi3Pbg.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Italian Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Monza Circuit]], [[Monza]]
| 2031
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-to-race-in-monza-until-2031-with-new-six-year-extension.1ICunI10PkuvLwuozkjxQ8|title=F1 News: Formula 1 to race in Monza until 2031 with new six year extension|date=27 November 2024|work=formula1.com|access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref>
|-
|[[Japanese Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Suzuka International Racing Course]], [[Suzuka, Mie|Suzuka]]
| 2029
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-to-race-in-japan-until-2029-after-new-five-year-extension.7yAlDYf8uDZBUBZn5fBcLx.html|title=Formula 1 renews Suzuka contract until 2029|date=9 December 2021|work=formula1.com|access-date=2 February 2024|archive-date=12 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612142007/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-renews-abu-dhabi-grand-prix-contract-until-2030.4oNR96dTUunnErAiruurFd.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Las Vegas Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Las Vegas Strip Circuit]], [[Paradise, Nevada]]
| 2027
|<ref>{{cite news|title=F1 gives two-year extension to Las Vegas Grand Prix|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-gives-two-year-extension-to-las-vegas-grand-prix/10732694/|work=Autosport|date=14 June 2025|access-date=1 July 2025|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mexico City Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez]], [[Mexico City]]
| 2028
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Formula 1 to race in Mexico City until 2028 with new three year extension|date=30 April 2025|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-to-race-in-mexico-city-until-2028-with-new-three-year-extension.5ulR004lsElEueJ1pZQnJV|access-date=1 July 2025|work=Formula 1}}</ref>
|-
|[[Miami Grand Prix]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Miami International Autodrome]], [[Miami Gardens, Florida]]}}
| 2041
| <ref name="official name">{{Cite news|date=2 May 2025|title=Formula 1 to race in Miami until 2041 as new extension agreed|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-to-race-in-miami-until-2041-as-new-extension-agreed.6rJEbQ5yl00iLsHLTtYoEV|access-date=1 July 2025|work=Formula 1|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Monaco Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|MON}} [[Circuit de Monaco]], [[Municipality of Monaco|Monaco]]
| 2035
|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Benson |first1=Andrew |title=Monaco Grand Prix contract extended until 2035 by Formula 1 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/articles/c36k1wpk6wgo |work=BBC Sport |access-date=5 September 2025 |date=5 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
|[[Qatar Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|QAT}} [[Lusail International Circuit]], [[Lusail]]
| 2032
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 September 2021|title=F1 to hold first Qatar Grand Prix at Losail this November|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/f1-to-hold-first-qatar-grand-prix-at-losail-this-november|access-date=2 February 2024|newspaper=Motor Sport Magazine|language=en-GB|archive-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930114809/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/f1-to-hold-first-qatar-grand-prix-at-losail-this-november|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[São Paulo Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Interlagos Circuit]], [[São Paulo]]
| 2030
| <ref>{{Cite news|title=Formula 1 to race in Sao Paulo until 2030 after new five-year extension|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-to-race-in-sao-paolo-until-2030-after-new-five-year-extension.5UhmDjszyMNhTSbmPloxt9|access-date=1 July 2025|work=Formula 1|date=3 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| nowrap="" |[[Saudi Arabian Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|SAU}} [[Jeddah Corniche Circuit]], [[Jeddah]]{{efn|The event will move to a purpose built circuit in [[Qiddiya]] in 2028.}}
| 2030 
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 January 2023 |title=Jeddah expects to host F1 race until Qiddiya circuit is ready in 2027 |url=https://racer.com/2023/01/19/jeddah-expects-to-host-f1-race-until-qiddiya-circuit-is-ready-in-2027/ |access-date=2 February 2024 |work=Racer |language=en-US |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162122/https://racer.com/2023/01/19/jeddah-expects-to-host-f1-race-until-qiddiya-circuit-is-ready-in-2027/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Singapore Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|SIN}} [[Marina Bay Street Circuit]], [[Singapore]]
| 2028
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/motor/formula1/2022/01/27/f1-signs-7-year-contract-extension-with-singapore-grand-prix/49726135/ |title=F1 signs 7-year contract extension with Singapore Grand Prix |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127104245/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/motor/formula1/2022/01/27/f1-signs-7-year-contract-extension-with-singapore-grand-prix/49726135/ |archive-date=27 January 2022 |work=SA Today |date=27 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|[[Spanish Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Madring]], [[Madrid]]
| 2035
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/madrid-formula-1-calendar-2026-spanish-grand-prix.rKwSPJ74MczwzDhHVxdQz|title=Madrid to join Formula 1 calendar from 2026 in new long-term deal|date=23 January 2024|work=Formula 1|access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref>
|-
|[[United States Grand Prix]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Circuit of the Americas]], [[Austin, Texas]]
| 2034
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-announces-extension-of-the-united-states-grand-prix-through-2034.1Qxc1oXyrxaSVLKn2IPvRu|title=Formula 1 announces expansion of the United States Grand Prix through 2034|date=19 October 2025|work=Formula 1|access-date=19 October 2025}}</ref>
|}

==Circuits==
{{See also|List of Formula One circuits}}
[[File:Monza aerial photo.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza]], home to the [[Italian Grand Prix]], is the oldest purpose-built track still in use {{as of|2025|lc=y}}.]]
[[File:Circuit Sochi.svg|thumb|right|[[Sochi Autodrom]], host venue for the [[Russian Grand Prix]] from 2014 to 2021]]

Formula One races are held on [[List of motor racing circuits by FIA grade#Grade One|Grade A tracks]], the highest grade-rating issued by the FIA for tracks.<ref name="FIA Super">{{cite web|url= http://www.fia.com/resources/documents/1797101136__Appendix_L_a.pdf |title= International Sporting Code |publisher=Federation Internationale de l'Automobile |date= 28 March 2007 |access-date= 30 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090806060829/http://www.fia.com/resources/documents/1797101136__Appendix_L_a.pdf |archive-date= 6 August 2009}}</ref> Under the current regulations, circuit layouts and lap distances may vary considerably, provided that each Grand Prix covers a total race distance of {{convert|305|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hardy |first=Ed |date=4 December 2023 |title=How long is an F1 race? Laps, time, distance and more explained |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/how-long-is-an-f1-race-laps-time-distance-explained/10554259/ |website=motorsport.com |access-date=11 September 2024 |url-status=live |archive-date=2 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102100530/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/how-long-is-an-f1-race-laps-time-distance-explained/10554259/}}</ref>{{efn|The [[Monaco Grand Prix]], run over {{convert|260|km|mi|abbr=on}}, is the only exception to this rule.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile |date=31 July 2024 |title=FIA 2024 Formula 1 Sporting Regulations – Issue 7 |url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/fia_2024_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_issue_7_-_2024-07-31.pdf |page=4 |publication-date=31 July 2024 |quote=5.4 The distance of all races, from the start signal referred to in Article 44.10 to the end-of-session signal referred to in Article 59.1, shall be equal to the least number of complete laps which exceed a distance of 305km, with the exception of the two following circumstances: a) The distance of the race in Monaco shall be equal to the least number of complete laps which exceed a distance of 260km.}}</ref>}} While most tracks run in a [[clockwise]] direction, there are a handful of tracks in the Championship that run anticlockwise.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.espnf1.com/f1/motorsport/circuit/index.html?season=2012 |title=Circuits |publisher=ESPN |access-date=17 June 2012 |archive-date=24 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524072712/http://en.espnf1.com/f1/motorsport/circuit/index.html?season=2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

A typical circuit features a stretch of straight road on which the starting grid is situated, with the [[pit lane]] normally located right next to it.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Concise Encyclopedia of Formula 1 |url=https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000trem_m9u1|publisher=Parragon |year=2002 |first1=Mark |first2=David |last1=Hughes |last2=Tremayne |author-link1=Mark Hughes (journalist)|author-link2=David Tremayne|isbn=0-75258-766-8 |pages=62–97|url-access=registration}}</ref> The pit lane is home to each team's garage, where cars are stored and serviced before a race. During a [[Pit stop#Formula One|pit stop]], drivers enter the pit lane to change their tyres, receive repairs or aerodynamic adjustments from their pit crew, or [[Did not finish|retire]] from the race (if the car is in a condition to do so). Prior to the [[2010 Formula One World Championship|2010]] season, pit stops also facilitated mid-race refueling of the cars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Formula 1 – 2010 season changes |url=http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/sporting_regulations/8692 |website=formula1.com|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417224427/http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/sporting_regulations/8692 |archive-date=17 April 2010 |access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref> Special pit roads and track markings help to make sure drivers pit and rejoin the track safely.<ref>{{cite web |title=How do F1 teams service their cars in less than two seconds? |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/anatomy-of-a-pit-stop-how-do-f1-teams-service-their-cars-in-less-than-two.5p9LNdd8XJdvP4mRsXoGsB |website=formula1.com |access-date=14 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

{{As of|2025}}, most of the circuits are specially constructed for competition, but the calendar also features several circuits that use converted public streets to varying degrees. These tracks include [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]], [[Albert Park Circuit|Melbourne]], [[Marina Bay Street Circuit|Singapore]], [[Baku City Circuit|Baku]], [[Miami International Autodrome|Miami]], [[Jeddah Corniche Circuit|Jeddah]], and [[Las Vegas Strip Circuit|Las Vegas]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Keith |first1=Paul |title=The best street circuits in motor racing |url=https://www.redbull.com/in-en/10-best-street-circuits-formula-1-motorsport-worldwide |website=Red Bull |access-date=14 September 2025 |language=en-in |date=21 March 2024}}</ref> Three-time World champion [[Nelson Piquet]] famously described racing in Monaco as "like riding a bicycle around your living room".<ref>{{cite web|last=Widdows |first=Rob |url=http://www.motorsportmagazine.com/f1/monaco-challenge-remains-unique/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424210656/http://www.motorsportmagazine.com/f1/monaco-challenge-remains-unique/ |title=Monaco Challenge Remains Unique |newspaper= Motor Sport Magazine |archive-date=24 April 2012 |date=24 May 2011 |access-date=18 April 2024}}</ref>

Circuit design to protect the [[Safety in Formula One|safety]] of drivers is becoming increasingly sophisticated. Several of the new circuits in F1, especially those designed by [[Hermann Tilke]], however, have also been criticised as lacking the "flow" of such classics as [[Spa-Francorchamps]] and Imola.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Mark |date=1 October 2019 |title=Hermann Tilke responds to criticism of his track designs |url=https://www.planetf1.com/news/hermann-tilke-responds-to-criticism |access-date=28 December 2024 |website=PlanetF1.com |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=19 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119072652/https://www.planetf1.com/news/hermann-tilke-responds-to-criticism}}</ref> His redesign of the Hockenheim circuit in Germany, for example, while providing more capacity for grandstands and eliminating extremely long and dangerous straights, has been frowned upon by many who argue that part of the character of the Hockenheim circuit was the long and blinding straights into dark forest sections. These newer circuits are generally agreed to meet the safety standards of modern Formula One better than the older ones.<ref name="Track Des">{{Cite news |last=Briggs |first=Gemma |date=21 March 2009 |title=Tilke, tailor, circuit maker |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/mar/21/hermann-tilka-formula-one-designer |access-date=11 September 2024 |newspaper=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120181721/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/mar/21/hermann-tilka-formula-one-designer |archive-date=20 January 2025}}</ref>

The [[Circuit of the Americas]] in [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], the [[Sochi Autodrom]] in [[Sochi]], and the [[Baku City Circuit]] in [[Azerbaijan]] have all been introduced as brand new tracks since 2012.<ref name="Track Des"/> In 2020, [[Algarve International Circuit]] debuted on the F1 calendar as the venue of the [[Portuguese Grand Prix]], with the country having last hosted a race in 1996.<ref>{{cite web |title=Formula 1 confirms Portuguese Grand Prix will take place on May 2 calendar slot {{!}} Formula 1® |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-confirms-portuguese-grand-prix-will-take-place-on-may-2-calendar.3rIBafoGkoPn9OYMoNGm6k |website=formula1.com |access-date=14 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>{{efn|The Portuguese Grand Prix featured on the {{f1|2020}} calendar following the cancellation of events due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It featured on the {{f1|2021}} calendar for reasons unrelated to the pandemic.|name=POR-COVID}} In 2021, [[Circuit Zandvoort]] returned to the F1 calendar as the [[Dutch Grand Prix]], having last hosted a race in 1985.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verstappen beats Hamilton at Dutch GP, retakes championship lead |url=https://www.espn.com/f1/report/_/id/600001768 |date=5 September 2021 |access-date=11 September 2024 |website=ESPN |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=27 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127054216/https://www.espn.com/f1/report/_/id/600001768}}</ref> The [[Las Vegas Grand Prix]] entered the series in 2023.<ref name="VegasNightRace">{{Cite web |title=Las Vegas to host Formula 1 night race from 2023 |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/breaking-las-vegas-to-host-formula-1-night-race-from-2023.69O9nKLwKraqAhR5rr8TQg |date=31 March 2022 |access-date=27 May 2024 |website= formula1.com |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=14 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214183737/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/breaking-las-vegas-to-host-formula-1-night-race-from-2023.69O9nKLwKraqAhR5rr8TQg}}</ref>

==Cars and technology==
{{Main|Formula One car|Formula One engines|Formula One tyres}}
[[File:Button Spain 2009.jpg|thumb|[[Jenson Button]] in the [[Brawn BGP 001]]]]
Modern Formula One cars are [[mid-engined]], hybrid, semi-open cockpit, [[open-wheel]], single-seaters. The [[chassis]] is made largely of [[carbon-fibre composite]]s, rendering it light but extremely stiff and strong. The whole car, including the driver but not fuel, weighs only {{convert|800|kg|lb|abbr=on}} – the minimum weight set by the regulations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elshebiny |first=Yara |date=March 23, 2025 |title=The F1 Car Weight Rule That Cost Leclerc And Gasly 2025 Chinese GP Results |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/yaraelshebiny/2025/03/23/the-f1-car-weight-rule-that-cost-leclerc-and-gasly-2025-chinese-gp-results/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323141021/https://www.forbes.com/sites/yaraelshebiny/2025/03/23/the-f1-car-weight-rule-that-cost-leclerc-and-gasly-2025-chinese-gp-results/ |archive-date=23 March 2025 |access-date=9 April 2025 |newspaper=Forbes |language=en-US}}</ref> If the construction of the car is lighter than the minimum, it can be [[ballast]]ed to add the necessary weight. The race teams take advantage of this by placing this ballast at the extreme bottom of the chassis, thereby locating the [[centre of gravity]] as low as possible in order to improve handling and [[weight transfer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2014/1/15408.html |title=A racing revolution? Understanding 2014's technical regulations |website= formula1.com |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=17 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109221052/http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2014/1/15408.html |archive-date=9 November 2014 }}</ref>

Aerodynamic [[downforce]] generated by the "wings" mounted to the front and rear of Formula One cars alongside [[Ground effect (cars)|ground effect]] created by low air pressure under the flat bottom of the car, plays a large role in determining its speed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.redbull.com/us-en/evolution-of-f1-cars|title=Evolution of F1 cars|work=[[Red Bull Racing]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> Downforce of 2.5 times the car's weight can be achieved at full speed, and a lateral force with a magnitude of up to 3.5 times that of the force of gravity (3.5g) in cornering.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/understanding_the_sport/5281.html |title=Aerodynamics |website= formula1.com |access-date=30 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326180548/http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/understanding_the_sport/5281.html |archive-date=26 March 2014 }}</ref>

The other major factor controlling the cornering speed of the cars is the design of the [[tyres]]. From {{F1|1998}} to {{F1|2008}}, Formula One did not use "[[slicks]]" as in most other circuit racing series. Instead, each tyre had four large circumferential grooves on its surface designed to limit the cornering speed of the cars.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/understanding_the_sport/5283.html |title=Tyres |access-date=4 July 2008 |website= formula1.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218202246/http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/understanding_the_sport/5283.html |archive-date=18 December 2008 }}</ref> Slick tyres were reintroduced by Formula One in the {{F1|2009}} season, and are now exclusively supplied by [[Pirelli]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Beginner's guide to F1 tyres |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/the-beginners-guide-to-formula-1-tyres.61SvF0Kfg29UR2SPhakDqd |website=formula1.com |access-date=14 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Formula One cars must also have four wheels made of the same metallic material, which must be one of two [[magnesium alloy]]s specified by the FIA.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/tyres-and-wheels.html|title=Tyres and wheels|website= formula1.com|access-date=19 May 2017|archive-date=1 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301141640/https://www.formula1.com/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/tyres-and-wheels.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Magnesium wheels|Magnesium alloy wheels]] made by [[forging]] are used to achieve maximum [[Unsprung weight|unsprung rotating weight]] reduction.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dziubinska |first1=Anna |last2=Siemionek |first2=Ewa |last3=Surdacki |first3=Piotr |last4=Kulisz |first4=Monika |last5=Koczurkiewicz |first5=Bartosz |title=Review of Magnesium Wheel Types and Methods of Their Manufacture |journal=Materials  |date=25 January 2024 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=584 |doi=10.3390/ma17030584 |pmid=38591406 |pmc=10856444 |bibcode=2024Mate...17..584D |doi-access=free |issn=1996-1944}}</ref> As of 2022, the wheels are covered with standardised wheel covers, the wheel diameter has increased from 13 inches to 18 inches, and small winglets have been placed over the front tyres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Formula 1 in 2022: Explaining the new rules and car changes as teams prepare for first launches |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12524402/formula-1-in-2022-explaining-the-new-rules-and-car-changes-as-teams-prepare-for-first-launches |access-date=2 March 2022 |work=Sky Sports |language=en |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210030411/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12524402/formula-1-in-2022-explaining-the-new-rules-and-car-changes-as-teams-prepare-for-first-launches |url-status=live }}</ref>

For most of the 21st century, Formula One cars have used [[double wishbone]] or [[Multi-link suspension|multilink]] at the front and rear, with pushrod operated springs and [[Shock absorber|dampers]] on the [[chassis]], though there have been some notable exceptions.<ref>{{cite web |title=F1 EXPLAINER: What's the difference between pull-rod and push-rod suspension? {{!}} Formula 1® |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/explainer-whats-the-difference-between-pull-rod-and-push-rod-suspension.1I3wL4LEL0nQZbKZbx1Dhz |website=formula1.com |access-date=3 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref> In 2009, the [[Red Bull Racing]] [[RB5]] used a pullrod suspension at the rear.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Briggs |first1=Gemma |last2=Bagchi |first2=Rob |title=F1 2010: Red Bull team guide |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/mar/08/f1-2010-red-bull-team-guide |access-date=14 September 2025 |work=The Guardian |date=8 March 2010}}</ref> [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] used a pullrod suspension at both the front and rear in their {{F1|2012}} car.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.formula1.com/news/technical/2012/0/930.html|title=2012 Ferrari – pre-launch overview|access-date=2 February 2012|website= formula1.com|archive-date=2 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202081523/http://www.formula1.com/news/technical/2012/0/930.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In {{F1|2022}}, the [[McLaren]] [[McLaren MCL36|MCL36]] and the [[Red Bull Racing]] [[RB18]] switched to a pullrod front suspension and push rod rear suspension.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oracle Red Bull Racing |url=https://www.redbullracing.com/int-en |access-date=2 March 2022 |work= Red Bull Racing |language=en |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301212942/https://www.redbullracing.com/int-en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Analysis: The key feature on the MCL36 that McLaren are hoping will give them an edge on rivals |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.analysis-the-key-feature-on-the-mcl36-that-mclaren-are-hoping-will-give-them.6IaZdMm4KfhJmt9toSxVTO.html |access-date=2 March 2022 |website= formula1.com|language=en |archive-date=12 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212182234/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.analysis-the-key-feature-on-the-mcl36-that-mclaren-are-hoping-will-give-them.6IaZdMm4KfhJmt9toSxVTO.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Carbon-carbon]] [[disc brakes]] are used for reduced weight and increased frictional performance.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spurgeon |first1=Brad |title=Putting on the brakes to get ahead in formula one |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/28/sports/autoracing/putting-on-the-brakes-to-get-ahead-in-formula-one.html |access-date=14 September 2025 |work=New York Times |date=27 May 2016 }}</ref> The carbon material enhances the brakes by maintaining an effective performance under extreme heat. To optimise this, the brakes feature 1,000 ventilation holes, ensuring maximum performance and cooling.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2024 |title=Formula One Breaking Systems |url=https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/news/formula-one-brake-systems-explained |website=Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team}}</ref>

In {{F1|2022}}, the technical regulations were altered considerably in order to reduce the [[turbulence]] produced by the aerodynamics of the car. This includes a redesigned front and rear wing, larger wheels with a lower tyre profile, wheel covers, small winglets, the banning of barge boards, and the reintroduction of [[Ground effect (cars)|Ground effect]] downforce production. These changes have been made to allow cars to follow another at a much closer distance, without extending the gap due to a lower downforce caused by "dirty air".<ref name="2022Car" />

[[File:BMW Sauber F1.06 engine.jpg|thumb|A [[BMW Sauber]] P86 V8 engine, which powered their {{F1|2006}} F1.06]]

In 2014, the engines were changed from a 2.4-litre naturally aspirated V8 to turbocharged 1.6-litre V6 power units.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2011/6/12134.html|title=2013 engine changes approved, but postponement possible|date=3 June 2011|access-date=16 December 2012|website= formula1.com|archive-date=17 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117085257/http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2011/6/12134.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> These run on unleaded fuel closely resembling publicly available petrol, get a significant amount of their power from electric motors and include energy recovery technology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/technical_regulations/6852/default.html|title=FIA Sporting Regulations&nbsp;– Fuel|access-date=23 May 2008|website= formula1.com|archive-date=8 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908052019/http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/technical_regulations/6852/default.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 2006 generation of engines spun up to 20,000&nbsp;[[rpm]] and produced over {{cvt|780|bhp|kW|disp=flip}}. Following the engine specification freeze, this was reduced to 19,000&nbsp;rpm with limited development allowed in {{F1|2007}} and 18,000&nbsp;rpm in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/technical_regulations/6851/|title=FIA Sporting Regulations&nbsp;– Engine|access-date=23 May 2008|website= formula1.com|archive-date=1 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501075024/http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/rules_and_regulations/technical_regulations/6851/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://argent.fia.com/web/fia-public.nsf/7C4F8D883039AF6AC125757D00369C58/$FILE/1-2009_F1_TECHNICAL_REGULATIONS_Showing-Alterations_17-03-2009.pdf|title= FIA Formula One World Championship&nbsp;– 2009 Technical Regulations|access-date=4 April 2009|publisher=Federation Internationale de l'Automobile|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407080302/http://argent.fia.com/web/fia-public.nsf/7C4F8D883039AF6AC125757D00369C58/$FILE/1-2009_F1_TECHNICAL_REGULATIONS_Showing-Alterations_17-03-2009.pdf|archive-date=7 April 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>

A wide variety of technologies, including active suspension, are banned under the current regulations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Suspension_and_steering_systems.html |title=F1 regulations: Suspension and steering systems |access-date=9 August 2015 |website=formula1.com|archive-date=22 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822064341/http://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Suspension_and_steering_systems.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite this, the current generation of cars can reach speeds in excess of {{convert|350|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} at some circuits.<ref>{{cite web |title=Grand Prix of Italy |url=http://www.fia.com/sport/Championships/F1/F1_Circuits/2006/Italy/circuit.html |access-date=12 October 2006 |publisher=Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609113707/http://www.fia.com/sport/Championships/F1/F1_Circuits/2006/Italy/circuit.html |archive-date=9 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The highest straight line speed recorded during a Grand Prix was {{convert|372.6|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, set by [[Juan Pablo Montoya]] during the [[2005 Italian Grand Prix]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Fastest speed outright in a Formula One Grand Prix |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/fastest-speed-outright-in-a-formula-one-grand-prix |website=Guinness World Records |access-date=19 August 2025}}</ref> During qualifying for the [[2016 European Grand Prix#Qualifying|2016 European Grand Prix]], [[Valtteri Bottas]] set a record top speed of 378&nbsp;km/h (234.9&nbsp;mph).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coleman |first=Madeline |title=F1 Azerbaijan GP track breakdown: Baku's unique challenge requires compromise |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5760603/2024/09/12/f1-azerbaijan-gp-track-breakdown-baku-circuit/ |date=12 September 2024 |access-date=12 September 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126130823/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5760603/2024/09/12/f1-azerbaijan-gp-track-breakdown-baku-circuit/ |archive-date=26 January 2025}}</ref>

{{as of|2019}}, each team may have no more than two cars available for use at any time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Spare_cars.html |title=F1 regulations: Spare Cars |access-date=9 August 2015 |website=formula1.com|archive-date=22 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822063733/http://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Spare_cars.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Each driver is limited to four engines during a championship season.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Benson |first1=Andrew |title=Lewis Hamilton: Formula 1's three-engine limit for drivers 'sucks' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/41964197 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=3 November 2025 |date=13 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Power_Unit_and_ERS.html |title=F1 regulations: Power unit and ERS |access-date=9 August 2015 |archive-date=12 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812044522/http://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Power_Unit_and_ERS.html |url-status=live }}</ref> They are also allowed one new gearbox for every six consecutive races and three power units per season, following which they incur grid penalties.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Transmission_gearbox.html |title=F1 regulations: Gearboxes |website= formula1.com |access-date=9 August 2015 |archive-date=22 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822064019/http://www.formula1.com/content/fom-website/en/championship/inside-f1/rules-regs/Transmission_gearbox.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="2026Engine">{{cite web |title=7 things you need to know about the 2026 F1 engine regulations|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/more-efficient-less-fuel-and-carbon-net-zero-7-things-you-need-to-know-about.ZhtzvU3cPCv8QO7jtFxQR |website= formula1.com |access-date=3 April 2024 |language=en |archive-date=3 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403102337/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/more-efficient-less-fuel-and-carbon-net-zero-7-things-you-need-to-know-about.ZhtzvU3cPCv8QO7jtFxQR |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Revenue and profits==
For much of the sport's history, engine costs varied significantly between teams. In 2006, Honda, Toyota, McLaren-Mercedes, and Ferrari each spent an estimated $200&nbsp;million, Renault $125&nbsp;million, while Cosworth developed its V8 for just $15&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news |title=The real cost of F1 |publisher=F1 Racing |agency=Haymarket Publishing |date=March 2007}}</ref> From 2007, however, the sporting regulations banned performance-related engine development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mclaren.com/f1season/regulations.php|title= 2007 FIA Regulations|access-date=23 May 2007|work=McLaren Racing |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070520021421/http://www.mclaren.com/f1season/regulations.php |archive-date = 20 May 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> The estimated cost of running a team was approximated to {{currency|193|GBP}} million as of 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sylt |first=Christian |date=20 April 2020 |title=Formula One budget cuts are expected to crash 1,600 jobs |language=en |newspaper =The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2020/04/20/formula-onebudget-cuts-expected-tocrash-1600-jobs/ |access-date=14 June 2022 |archive-date=14 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614061916/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2020/04/20/formula-onebudget-cuts-expected-tocrash-1600-jobs/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Formula One teams pay entry fees of $500,000, plus $5,000 per point scored the previous year or $6,000 per point for the winner of the Constructors' Championship. Formula One drivers pay a [[FIA Super Licence]] fee, which in 2013 was €10,000 plus €1,000 per point.<ref name=aw>{{cite journal|last=Sylt|first=Christian|title=The Price of Power|journal=Autoweek|date=28 October 2013|pages=64–66}}</ref>

There have been controversies with the way profits are shared among the teams. The smaller teams have complained that the profits are unevenly shared, favouring established top teams. In September 2015, [[Force India]] and [[Sauber]] officially lodged a complaint with the [[European Union]] against Formula One, questioning the governance and stating that the system of dividing revenues and determining the rules is unfair and unlawful.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/sep/29/formula-one-possible-investigation-european-union-force-india-sauber|title=F1 faces possible investigation from the European Union|date=29 September 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|agency=Press Association|access-date=14 December 2016|archive-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305012755/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/sep/29/formula-one-possible-investigation-european-union-force-india-sauber|url-status=live}}</ref>

The cost of building a brand-new permanent circuit can be up to hundreds of millions of dollars, while the cost of converting a public road into a temporary circuit is much less.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sylt |first1=Christian |title=The $1 Billion Cost Of Hosting An F1 Race |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/csylt/2017/03/13/the-1-billion-cost-of-hosting-an-f1-race/ |website=Forbes |access-date=14 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Shanghai International Circuit]] cost over $300&nbsp;million,<ref>{{cite news |last=Benson |first=Andrew |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/3692888.stm |title=High price takes shine off F1 |work=BBC News |date=27 September 2004 |access-date=30 August 2009 |archive-date=2 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202022406/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/3692888.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Istanbul Park]] circuit cost $150&nbsp;million to build.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pioneer-investors.com/news2.asp?newsid=2785 |title=Pioneer Investors |date=7 February 2006 |access-date=30 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823025428/http://www.pioneer-investors.com/news2.asp?newsid=2785 |archive-date=23 August 2009 }}</ref>

In the second quarter of 2020, Formula One reported a loss revenue of $122&nbsp;million, and an income of $24&nbsp;million. This was a result of the delay of the racing championship start due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. The company grossed revenues of $620&nbsp;million for the same quarter the previous year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/67515b3a-9db9-49b0-9f56-130317ed3f08 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/67515b3a-9db9-49b0-9f56-130317ed3f08 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title= F1 revenues almost wiped out by pandemic halt to races |newspaper=Financial Times|first=Samuel |last=Agini|date=10 August 2020|access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref>

=== Cost cap ===
When Formula 1 began in 1950, the sport's governing body did not have any regulations limiting the spending of a team. Over time, this led to a teams with large budgets performing significantly better than their competitors.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Asher |first1=Richard |title=F1 cost cap: What is it and how does it work? |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/f1-cost-cap-what-is-it-how-it-works/10379799/ |website=motorsport.com |access-date=14 September 2025}}</ref> For instance, in 2019, Mercedes, the Constructors' Champion, spent $420 million, while the lowest-scoring teams, Williams and Haas, spent only $125 million and $150 million, respectively.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Chris |title=Formula One's Most Valuable Teams: Ferrari And Mercedes Gain Ground Amid A Cost-Cutting Tug-Of-War |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chrissmith/2019/11/26/formula-one-team-values-ferrari-mercedes/ |access-date=19 August 2025 |newspaper=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rencken |first=Dieter |date=27 December 2019 |title=The cost of F1 2019: Team budgets analysed – part one |url=https://www.racefans.net/2019/12/27/the-cost-of-f1-2019-team-budgets-analysed-part-one/ |access-date=5 October 2024 |website=RaceFans.net |language=en-GB}}</ref>

To curb the growing advantage that these wealthier teams gained from extensive track time, the FIA first introduced a ban on unlimited private testing, before eventually implementing a cost cap of $175 million in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Everything you need to know about F1 pre-season testing |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/everything-you-need-to-know-about-pre-season-testing-as-f1-heads-to-bahrain.5TFJ9pFqUKGP0B0lydxsF4 |website=formula1.com |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> It was reduced to $145 million soon after due to the economic turmoil caused by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. It fell further to $140 million in 2022, before settling at $135 million for the next three years.<ref name="globalsportsadvocates.com">{{Cite web |title=What You Need to Know About the F1 Cost Cap |url=https://www.globalsportsadvocates.com/blog/understanding-the-f1-cost-cap.cfm |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=Global Sports Advocates, LLC |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=3 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241103094545/https://www.globalsportsadvocates.com/blog/understanding-the-f1-cost-cap.cfm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=F1 2024: A guide to the season – including calendar, sprint races, teams and drivers |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/67787837 |access-date=14 September 2024 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB |last=Chowdhury |first=Tasnim |date=23 February 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117032143/https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/67787837 |archive-date=17 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="AutosportCap">{{cite web |last=Asher |first=Richard |date=2025-10-28 |title=All to know about the F1 cost cap |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-cost-cap-all-to-know/10379447/ |website=Autosport |access-date=2025-11-16}}</ref>

Critics have argued that the cap might not be sufficient to close the gap in competition because it excludes certain expenses like driver salaries, compensation for the three highest paid-staff members, and marketing costs.<ref name="globalsportsadvocates.com" /> In practice, however, the cost cap seems to have helped teams maximise efficiency and foster innovation within their financial means. McLaren started the [[2023 Formula One World Championship|2023 season]] as the slowest car on the track, with their drivers finishing outside the points. Seven months later, they were the fastest car on the grid in both qualifying and race pace, and, in [[2024 Formula One World Championship|2024]], they won the constructors' championship.<ref>{{cite web |title=How McLaren went from the back to the front of the F1 grid |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/timeline-how-mclaren-went-from-the-back-of-the-f1-grid-to-the-front-in-under.7jVgj0FPB8RGdJYDHHdMRu |website=formula1.com |access-date=14 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Future==
[[File:F1 yellow flag and SC sign.jpg|thumb|A sign announcing that the [[safety car]] (SC) is deployed]]
The expense of Formula One has seen the FIA and the Formula One Commission attempt to create new regulations to lower the costs for a team to compete in the sport.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Roberts|first1=James|last2=Noble|first2=Jonathan|title=Small F1 teams hopeful of progress on cost cuts before season start|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/117446|website=autosport.com|publisher=Haymarket Media|access-date=8 March 2015|date=23 January 2015|archive-date=23 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323012933/http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/117446|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Changes2016>{{cite web|last1=Benson|first1=Andrew|title=Mercedes & Red Bull split on changes to F1 cars for 2016|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/31454550|work= BBC Sport|access-date=8 March 2015|date=13 February 2015|archive-date=16 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216000634/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/31454550|url-status=live}}</ref>

Following their purchase of the commercial rights to the series in 2017,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Benson |first=Andrew |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/38723001|title= Bernie Ecclestone removed as Liberty Media completes $8bn takeover|date= 23 January 2017|work= BBC Sport|access-date= 23 January 2017|quote= Bernie Ecclestone has been removed from his position running Formula 1 as US giant Liberty Media completed its $8bn (£6.4bn) takeover of the sport.|archive-date= 26 February 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200226064633/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/38723001|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ir.libertymedia.com/news-releases/news-release-details/liberty-media-corporation-completes-acquisition-formula-1|title=Liberty Media Corporation Completes Acquisition of Formula 1|website=Liberty Media Corporation|access-date=7 December 2018|archive-date=12 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212034434/http://ir.libertymedia.com/news-releases/news-release-details/liberty-media-corporation-completes-acquisition-formula-1|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Liberty Media]] announced their vision for the future of Formula One at the [[2018 Bahrain Grand Prix]]. The proposal identified five key areas, including streamlining the governance of the sport, emphasising cost-effectiveness, maintaining the sport's relevance to road cars, and encouraging new manufacturers to enter the championship whilst enabling them to be competitive.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Richards |first1=Giles |title=Lewis Hamilton handed five-place grid penalty for Bahrain Grand Prix |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/apr/06/f1-teams-proposal-cheaper-louder-engines-2021 |website=The Guardian |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=6 April 2018}}</ref>
On 19 August 2020, it was announced that all 10 teams had signed the new Concorde Agreement.<ref>{{Cite web|title=All 10 teams reach new Formula 1 Concorde Agreement|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-all-10-teams-reach-new-formula-1-concorde-agreement.4jufgsSeN47TYwLhbcznXi.html|date=19 August 2020|access-date=28 August 2020|website= formula1.com|language=en|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004003924/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-all-10-teams-reach-new-formula-1-concorde-agreement.4jufgsSeN47TYwLhbcznXi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> This came into effect at the start of the 2021 season and changed how prize money and TV revenue are distributed.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barretto|first=Lawrence|title=What the new Concorde Agreement means for Formula 1|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.analysis-what-the-new-concorde-agreement-means-for-formula-1.1Z97Z6vRwfDTHVhGbSS510.html|date=19 August 2020|access-date=28 August 2020|website= formula1.com|language=en|archive-date=22 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822142434/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.analysis-what-the-new-concorde-agreement-means-for-formula-1.1Z97Z6vRwfDTHVhGbSS510.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Environmental impact===
Formula One has initiated a plan to become [[carbon neutral]] by 2030. By 2025, all events should have become "sustainable", including eliminating single-use plastics and ensuring all waste is reused, recycled or composted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-announces-plan-to-be-net-zero-carbon-by-2030.5IaX2AZHyy7jqxl6wra6CZ.html|title=Formula 1 announces plan to be Net Zero Carbon by 2030|date=12 November 2019|website= formula1.com|access-date=12 November 2019|archive-date=12 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112101211/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-announces-plan-to-be-net-zero-carbon-by-2030.5IaX2AZHyy7jqxl6wra6CZ.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

A report conducted by Formula One estimated that the series was responsible for 256,000&nbsp;tonnes of [[carbon dioxide]] emissions in the [[2019 Formula One World Championship|2019 season]], finding that 45% of emissions were from logistics and 0.7% were from emissions from the cars themselves.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Net Zero Carbon: How Formula 1 is going to meet this ambitious target by 2030|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.net-zero-carbon-how-formula-1-is-going-to-meet-this-ambitious-target-by-2030.5QsK9NpYbz7pXp7423I3iJ.html |access-date=4 July 2023 |website= formula1.com|language=en |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705222000/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.net-zero-carbon-how-formula-1-is-going-to-meet-this-ambitious-target-by-2030.5QsK9NpYbz7pXp7423I3iJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://corp.formula1.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Environmental-sustainability-Corp-website-vFINAL.pdf |title=2019 Carbon Dioxide Report |publisher=Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401202335/https://corp.formula1.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Environmental-sustainability-Corp-website-vFINAL.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2020, FIA and Formula One signed the United Nations Sports for Climate Action framework.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://formulaspy.com/f1/fia-and-formula-1-sign-un-sports-for-climate-action-framework-67105|title=FIA and Formula 1 sign UN Sports for Climate Action Framework|access-date=22 January 2020|website=FormulaSpy.com|date=22 January 2020|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731181801/https://formulaspy.com/f1/fia-and-formula-1-sign-un-sports-for-climate-action-framework-67105|url-status=live}}</ref> From the 2021 season onwards, all cars increased the bio-component of their fuel, using [[E10 fuel]], rather than the 5.75% of [[Ethanol fuel|ethanol]] previously used. This percentage is expected to grow again in the future.<ref name="2022Car" /> In December 2020, the FIA claimed that it had developed a fuel with 100% sustainability to be used in Formula One from either 2025 or 2026, when new engine regulations come into force.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Benson|first=Andrew|date=17 December 2020|title=F1: FIA says it has developed 100% sustainable fuel|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/55352108|access-date=18 December 2020|archive-date=17 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217163521/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/55352108|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Social inequities ===
Prior to the beginning of the [[2020 Formula One World Championship]], F1 announced and launched the #WeRaceAsOne initiative.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=Formula 1 launches #WeRaceAsOne initiative to help fight challenges of COVID-19 and global inequality|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-launches-we-race-as-one-initiative.3s2AhNDApNDzrCoQDc1RY8.html|access-date=11 January 2022|website= formula1.com|language=en|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810004101/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-launches-we-race-as-one-initiative.3s2AhNDApNDzrCoQDc1RY8.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The initiative primarily focuses on visible displays of solidarity in the fight against racism on Grand Prix Weekends, as well as the creation of a Formula 1 Task Force that will "listen to people from across the paddock [...] and make conclusions on the actions required to improve the diversity and opportunity in Formula 1 at all levels".<ref name=":02" /> The move stems from the growing questions about racism and global inequalities perpetuated by the sport.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mngqosini |first1=Sammy |title=Human rights group accuses motorsport's governing body of 'suppressing drivers' freedom of speech' |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/01/25/motorsport/fia-freedom-of-speech-human-rights-intl-spt |website=CNN |access-date=3 November 2025 |language=en |date=25 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Onwurah |first1=Chi |title=Lewis Hamilton is right about diversity. But the issue goes way beyond motorsport |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jul/16/lewis-hamilton-motorsport-diversity-f1-commission-black-female-minorities |website=The Guardian |access-date=3 November 2025 |date=16 July 2021}}</ref>

In addition to organization-wide measures, individual teams have also acknowledged deficiencies in the sport's cultural and political activism. During the 2020 season, the [[Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 Team]] conducted a study of its racial composition and found that approximately 95% of its workforce was white.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Luke|date=7 August 2020|title=Lewis Hamilton Is Demanding Change|language=en-US|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/07/sports/autoracing/lewis-hamilton-formula-1-diversity.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807151729/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/07/sports/autoracing/lewis-hamilton-formula-1-diversity.html |archive-date=7 August 2020 |url-access=registration |url-status=live|access-date=11 January 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In effort to change this, they ran a black livery to promote anti-racism messages and also launched the Accelerate 25 programme.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mercedes to race in black F1 livery in message against racism |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/jun/29/mercedes-lewis-hamilton-unveil-new-black-f1-livery-in-message-against-racism |website=The Guardian |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=29 June 2020}}</ref> The program vows that approximately 25% of all new hires to the team will come from underrepresented minorities in the series until 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercedes Launches 'Accelerate 25' Diversity & Inclusion Programme|url=https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/en/news/2020/12/mercedes-launches-accelerate-25-diversity-inclusion-programme/|access-date=11 January 2022|work= Mercedes-AMG PETRONAS F1 Team|language=en|archive-date=11 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111030404/https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/en/news/2020/12/mercedes-launches-accelerate-25-diversity-inclusion-programme/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The 20 drivers on the grid also stood in solidarity on multiple occasions in the fight against racism, both on and off the track. Following the [[murder of George Floyd]] in the summer of 2020, all twenty drivers wore "End Racism" shirts and took part in an organised anti-racism protest during the pre-race formalities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Formula One drivers wear 'End Racism' shirts and take a knee before season opener|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/formula-one-drivers-wear-end-racism-shirts-take-knee-season-n1232925|access-date=11 January 2022|newspaper=NBC News|date=5 July 2020|language=en|archive-date=11 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111025332/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/formula-one-drivers-wear-end-racism-shirts-take-knee-season-n1232925|url-status=live}}</ref> In the following season, Lewis Hamilton remained vocal through his race weekend attire, with other drivers occasionally wearing change-demanding clothing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2021 |title=Lewis Hamilton admits change of approach in fight against racism |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/apr/01/lewis-hamilton-admits-change-of-approach-in-fight-against-racism |access-date=26 October 2024 |newspaper=The Guardia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211101512/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/apr/01/lewis-hamilton-admits-change-of-approach-in-fight-against-racism |archive-date=11 February 2025}}</ref>

== Women in Formula One ==
Since the creation of Formula One in 1950, [[List of female Formula One drivers|five women]] have competed in a Grand Prix, only one of whom finished within the points.<ref name="Lombardi">{{cite web |title=Trailblazing racer Lella Lombardi remembered, 30 years on from her death {{!}} Formula 1® |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/trailblazing-racer-lella-lombardi-remembered-30-years-on-from-her-death.6zz9pupcxc97yy5SEL1kkR |website=formula1.com |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The involvement of women in the Formula One paddock has ranged from team principals, race engineers and strategists to media and communications personnel.<ref>{{cite web |title=Influential women from every decade of F1 |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/fearless-racers-and-engineering-masterminds-influential-women-from-every.2kEoo0yUGSjhal6EpuBNZI |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> With the release of the Netflix show, [[Formula 1: Drive to Survive|''Drive to Survive'']], female viewership of the series has risen.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2025 |title=How a Netflix show 'Drive to Survive' transformed F1's global popularity |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/formula-one/news/how-a-netflix-show-drive-to-survive-transformed-f1s-global-popularity/articleshow/118326343.cms |access-date=23 August 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In 2019, 20% of the total Formula One viewership was female, and by 2022 this number had increased to 40%.<ref name="FemaleFans">{{Cite web |title='Leading the way to change' – How the growth of female fans and F1 ACADEMY are encouraging women to explore opportunities in motorsport |url=https://www.f1academy.com/Latest/6Rcggc1UglZIVXmoW2TphW/leading-the-way-to-change-how-the-growth-of-female-fans-and-f1-academy-are |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=F1Academy.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Drivers ===

[[Maria Teresa de Filippis]] was the first woman to compete in the series at the [[1958 Monaco Grand Prix]]. She drove in a total of five Grand Prix, racing under the Italian flag, and has been hailed a pioneer of women in motorsport.<ref>{{Cite news |title = Maria Teresa de Filippis, Pioneer of Auto Racing, Dies at 89|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/17/sports/autoracing/maria-teresa-de-filippis-pioneer-of-auto-racing-dies-at-89.html|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 16 January 2016|access-date = 11 February 2016|issn = 0362-4331|first = Daniel E.|last = Slotnik}}</ref>

[[Lella Lombardi]] is the only woman to place within the points at a Formula One Grand Prix. She competed in three seasons, entering seventeen races and starting twelve.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fearnley |first1=Paul |title=Lella Lombardi: She made her point |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/april-2015/110/she-made-her-point/ |website=Motor Sport Magazine |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=28 August 2015}}</ref> After finishing sixth in the [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix]], Lombardi became the first and only woman to score points during an official Formula Grand Prix. Due to the race not reaching full completion, half points were awarded, and Lombardi only gained 0.5 points.<ref name="Lombardi"/>

[[Desiré Wilson]] is the only woman to win a Formula One race of any kind, winning the second round of the [[1980 British Formula One Championship|1980 Aurora AFX F1 Championship]].<ref name="Small">{{cite book |last=Small |first=Steve |title=The Guinness Complete Grand Prix Who's Who |year=1994 |publisher=[[Guinness Publishing]] |location=Enfield |isbn=0-85112-702-9 |page=415 }}</ref>

[[Giovanna Amati]] was the last female driver to attempt to qualify for a Formula One Grand Prix. In 1992, she was signed by Brabham and participated in three races—South Africa, Mexico, and Brazil—but failed to qualify for any of them. Amati faced significant challenges, including an underperforming car and limited testing opportunities. She was replaced by Damon Hill after Brabham struggled with financial difficulties and performance issues.<ref>{{cite web|last=Nathanson |first=Patrick |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/34771317 |title=Giovanna Amati: The remarkable story of F1's last female driver |date=13 November 2015 |access-date=10 February 2025 |work=BBC Sport |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717071053/https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/34771317 |archive-date=17 July 2024}}</ref> Her participation also marked the last time a female driver was officially listed on an F1 entry list until [[Susie Wolff]] took part in free practice sessions for Williams during her four years with the team as a development driver.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Benson |first1=Andrew |title=Susie Wolff to drive for Williams in F1 race practice sessions |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/26303405 |website=BBC Sport |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=24 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Holding |first1=Joe |title=Susie Wolff retires from motorsport, saying F1 seat 'didn't look achievable' |url=https://www.topgear.com/car-news/formula-one/susie-wolff-retires-motorsport-saying-f1-seat-didnt-look-achievable |website=Top Gear |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en |date=4 November 2015}}</ref>

In 2022, Formula One announced the creation of [[F1 Academy]] in an effort to "change perceptions and inspire the next generation of girls".<ref name="FemaleFans" /><ref>{{cite web |title=F1 Academy: Formula 1 announces F1 Academy, a new all-female driver series for 2023 {{!}} Formula 1® |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-announces-f1-academy-a-new-all-female-driver-series-for-2023.6EAcJceyDTqjKkMcPMwk9e |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> It is the only female single-seater racing championship.<ref>{{cite web |title=F1 Academy: All 10 F1 teams to have drivers and liveries for 2024 season in all-female single-seater series |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12927995/f1-academy-all-10-f1-teams-to-have-drivers-and-liveries-for-2024-season-in-all-female-single-seater-sereies |website=Sky Sports |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref> Its inaugural championship was won by [[Marta García (racing driver)|Marta García]] of [[Prema Racing]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Marta Garcia wins inaugural F1 Academy title |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/marta-garcia-wins-inaugural-f1-academy-title-after-thrilling-race-1-victory.4mPPK3ZsfT5HeIKzgCwteP |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The establishment of F1 Academy has attracted significant levels of attention to women in motorsport. [[Netflix]] premiered a docuseries in 2025 about the academy.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Coleman |first1=Madeline |title=F1 Academy's Netflix debut opens doors, but struggles to tell the series' full story |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6449049/2025/06/25/f1-academy-netflix-series-review/ |website=The New York Times |access-date=23 August 2025 |date=25 June 2025}}</ref> In addition to this, companies like [[Tommy Hilfiger (company)|Tommy Hilfiger]],<ref>{{cite web |title=F1 ACADEMY announces Tommy Hilfiger as Official Partner |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/f1-academy-announces-tommy-hilfiger-as-official-partner.4XdnOGz3DOM7wsmGw6q8CG |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> [[Charlotte Tilbury Beauty|Charlotte Tilbury]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tilbury |first=Charlotte |date=16 February 2024 |title=Charlotte Tilbury X F1 Academy |url=https://www.charlottetilbury.com/us/secrets/charlotte-tilbury-f1-academy |access-date=8 October 2024 |work=Charlotte Tilbury |language=en-us}}</ref> and [[Puma (brand)|Puma]]<ref>{{cite web |title=PUMA and F1 Academy™ join forces in new partnership {{!}} PUMA® |url=https://about.puma.com/en/newsroom/news/puma-and-f1-academytm-join-forces-new-partnership |website=PUMA |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> have become sponsors due to its increasing popularity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adgate |first=Brad |title=Here's Why Formula 1 Racing Is Growing In Popularity With Women |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradadgate/2024/03/11/heres-why-formula-1-racing-is-growing-in-popularity-with-women/ |date=11 March 2024 |access-date=8 October 2024 |newspaper=Forbes |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114134736/https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradadgate/2024/03/11/heres-why-formula-1-racing-is-growing-in-popularity-with-women/}}</ref>

=== Team personnel ===

Austrian [[Monisha Kaltenborn]] became the sport's first-ever female team principal when she took over the role at [[Sauber Motorsport|Sauber Formula 1 Team]] in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2012 |title=Ms Monisha KALTENBORN, AUSTRIA |url=https://www.fia.com/profile/ms-monisha-kaltenborn-austria |access-date=3 October 2024 |publisher=Federation Internationale de l'Automobile |language=en}}</ref> English [[Claire Williams]] became the only other woman to ever manage a Formula 1 team when she assumed the role of Deputy Team Principal for Williams Racing in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ian Parkes|work=The Independent|date=27 March 2013|title=Frank Williams promotes daughter Claire to deputy team principal at F1 team|access-date=27 May 2013|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/frank-williams-promotes-daughter-claire-to-deputy-team-principal-at-f1-team-8551205.html}}</ref>

{{As of|2025}}, [[Hannah Schmitz]] holds the role of principal strategy engineer at [[Red Bull Racing]]. She has been with the team since 2009 and has played a strong presence in its victories in 2021, 2022, and 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last=Coleman |first=Madeline |title='The linchpin': How F1 strategy expert Hannah Schmitz helps keep Red Bull on top |work=The New York Times |date=30 May 2023 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4514419/2023/05/15/hannah-schmitz-red-bull-strategy-f1/ |access-date=2024-05-02 |archive-date=24 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624064725/https://theathletic.com/4514419/2023/05/15/hannah-schmitz-red-bull-strategy-f1/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Beginning in [[2025 Formula One World Championship|2025]], [[Laura Müller (motorsport)|Laura Müller]] has served as the [[race engineer]] for [[Esteban Ocon]] at [[Haas F1 Team|Haas]], making her the first woman to serve as a race engineer on a full-time basis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elshebiny |first=Yara |date=22 January 2025 |title=Haas' Laura Mueller Becomes First Female Race Engineer In F1 History |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/yaraelshebiny/2025/01/22/haas-appoints-laura-mueller-as-first-female-race-engineer-in-f1/ |access-date=16 March 2025 |newspaper=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2025 |title=Mueller becomes F1's first female Race Engineer at Haas |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/laura-mueller-becomes-f1s-first-female-race-engineer-as-haas-confirm-key.3gFdz46OphteLHNKnGAIM6 |access-date=16 March 2025 |website=formula1.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Media coverage==
{{See also|List of Formula One broadcasters}}
Formula One is broadcast live or tape delayed in almost every country and territory and attracts one of the largest global television audiences.<ref name="broadcast">{{cite web |title=F1 Broadcast Information {{!}} Formula 1® |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/information/f1-broadcast-information.45y3LNsT1D6VoK0ZmX8ciJ |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The cumulative television audience for the 2001 season, which was broadcast to 200 territories, was calculated to be 54&nbsp;billion,<ref>{{cite news |work=BBC Sports |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/1842217.stm |title=F1 viewing figures drop |date=26 February 2002 |access-date=10 March 2007 |quote=The cumulative figure, which exceeds the total population of the planet by many times, counts all viewers who watch F1 on any programme at any time during the year. |archive-date=7 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407064920/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/1842217.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> and has since fallen to 1.55 billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Formula 1 announces TV, race attendance and digital audience figures for 2021 {{!}} Formula 1® |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-announces-tv-race-attendance-and-digital-audience-figures-for-2021.1YDpVJIOHGNuok907sWcKW |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

All broadcasters are provided with an identical world feed produced by [[Formula One Management]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shah |first1=Kunal |title=For F1 fans in India, lack of official broadcaster is sign of larger malaise |url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/for-f1-fans-in-india-hotstar-s-loss-of-streaming-rights-is-sign-of-larger-malaise-11683791926945.html |website=Mint |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en |date=11 May 2023}}</ref> Previously, this footage was provided by local broadcasters who had one feed for all, or two separate feeds – a feed for local viewers and a feed for international viewers. This approach was significantly criticised as viewers would tend to miss out on important action and incidents due to local biases.<ref name="Broadcast">{{cite web |last1=Seymour |first1=Mike |title=Insight: How F1 TV takes fans to the heart of the action |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/insight-how-f1-tvs-ever-evolving-presenter-pundit-and-production-team-take.73cTy4IgiS71O2k8Fkibir |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=formula1.com |language=en}}</ref>

An enhanced package called [[F1 Digital+]] was launched by FOM in 1996, which included live broadcast of all sessions live as well as additional channels including onboard and pit-lane cameras. It was initially only offered in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, though it later became available in France, Italy, Spain, and the UK.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Piranha Club |last=Collings |first=Timothy |publisher=Virgin Books |year=2001 |isbn=1-85227-907-9 |page=237}}</ref> The service was never financially viable and was discontinued at the end of [[2002 Formula One season|2002]].<ref name="F1+ Digital">{{cite web |title=Digital F1 service scrapped |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/2502589.stm |last=Warren |first=Dan |work=BBC Sport Online |date=12 December 2002}}</ref>

The official Formula One website has live timing charts that can be used during the race to follow the leaderboard in real time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Improved Live Timing on F1.com for the 2022 season {{!}} Formula 1® |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/improved-live-timing-on-f1-com-for-the-2022-season.3Y1ipx839mv7xeteTqQ8Mk |website=formula1.com |access-date=23 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> An official application has been available for the [[Apple App Store]] since 2009,<ref>{{cite web |date=15 June 2009 |title=Official timing application for iPhone announced |url=https://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2009/6/9499.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617083209/https://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2009/6/9499.html |archive-date=17 June 2009 |access-date=20 November 2017 |website= formula1.com}}</ref> and on [[Google Play]] since 2011,<ref>{{cite web |title=Google Play Store |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.softpauer.f1timingapp2014.basic |url-status=live |publisher=Google Play Store"|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314100356/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.softpauer.f1timingapp2014.basic |archive-date=14 March 2014 |access-date=11 January 2014}}</ref> that shows users a real-time feed of driver positions, timing, and commentary.<ref>{{cite web |title=F1 launches Live Timing in dedicated app |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/subscribe/download-the-official-f1-live-timing-app.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310010157/https://www.formula1.com/en/subscribe/download-the-official-f1-live-timing-app.html |archive-date=10 March 2022 |access-date=10 March 2022 |website= formula1.com}}</ref> On 26&nbsp;November 2017, Formula One unveiled a new logo, which replaced the previous "flying one" in use since 1993.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Formula One unveils new logo |url=http://www.espn.in/f1/story/_/id/21568245/f1-formula-one-unveils-new-logo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128012416/http://www.espn.in/f1/story/_/id/21568245/f1-formula-one-unveils-new-logo |archive-date=28 November 2017 |access-date=27 November 2017 |website=ESPN}}</ref>

In March 2018, Formula One announced the launch of F1 TV, an [[Over-the-top media service|over-the-top streaming platform]] that lets viewers watch multiple simultaneous video feeds and timing screens in addition to traditional directed race footage and commentary.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 March 2018 |title=Formula 1 to launch F1 TV, a live Grand Prix subscription service |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/headlines/2018/2/formula-1-to-launch-f1-tv-a-live-grand-prix-subscription-service.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228041604/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/headlines/2018/2/formula-1-to-launch-f1-tv-a-live-grand-prix-subscription-service.html |archive-date=28 February 2018 |access-date=10 March 2018 |website=formula1.com}}</ref> In April 2024, FOM launched a [[free ad-supported streaming television]] channel known as the Formula 1 Channel in the [[United States]], which plays classic Grands Prix, documentaries, and analysis from past races.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cleeren |first1=Filip |date=25 April 2024 |title=F1 announces 24/7 streaming channel in the US |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-announces-24-7-streaming-channel-in-the-us/10603093/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525111344/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-announces-24-7-streaming-channel-in-the-us/10603093/ |archive-date=25 May 2024 |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=autosport.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Television broadcasters ===

In the United Kingdom, several companies have retained the right to broadcast races. In 2012, [[BSkyB|Sky]] launched a dedicated channel, [[Sky Sports F1]], which covered all races live without commercial interruption as well as live practice and qualifying sessions, along with F1 programming, including interviews, archive action and magazine shows.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://badgergp.com/2011/12/qa-with-sky-f1-a-chat-with-martin-david-and-ted/|title=Q&A with Sky F1|last=Mills|first=Adam|date=13 December 2011|publisher=Badger GP|access-date=21 December 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108034339/http://badgergp.com/2011/12/qa-with-sky-f1-a-chat-with-martin-david-and-ted/|archive-date=8 January 2012}}</ref> BBC retained similar rights until 2015, when they ended their contract three years earlier than planned.<ref name="bbctoc4">{{cite news |last=Sweney |first=Mark |date=21 December 2015 |title=F1 snapped up by Channel 4 as BBC exits deal early |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/dec/21/formula-one-channel-4-bbc-deal |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731202843/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/dec/21/formula-one-channel-4-bbc-deal |url-status=live }}</ref> The free-to-air TV rights were picked up by [[Channel 4]] until the end of the 2018 season.<ref name="C4F1">{{cite web |url=http://www.channel4.com/info/press/news/channel-4-becomes-terrestrial-home-of-formula-1 |title=Channel 4 becomes terrestrial home of Formula 1 |work=Channel 4 |date=21 December 2015 |access-date=23 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222115714/http://www.channel4.com/info/press/news/channel-4-becomes-terrestrial-home-of-formula-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2025, BBC Radio 5 Live, 5 Sports Extra, and BBC Sounds have rights to such coverage until 2028.<ref>{{cite web |title=Formula 1: BBC Radio 5 Live & BBC Sounds secure radio rights in UK |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/articles/c62krne1l4wo |work=BBC Sport |access-date=19 August 2025 |date=13 March 2025}}</ref>

In South East Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa, Formula One is broadcast by [[beIN Sports]]. In India, sessions are broadcast by streaming service [[FanCode]] and satellite television provider [[Tata Play]]. In China, the rights are held by [[Tencent]], [[Guangdong Television|Guangdong TV]], and [[Shanghai Television|Shanghai TV]].<ref name="broadcast"/>

In the United States, [[ESPN]] has held the rights since 2013, carrying the broadcast and commentary feed provided by Sky Sports UK.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Luke |date=2025-03-19 |title=Netflix? ESPN? Amazon? Why the race for F1's U.S. TV rights could change the sport |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6129337/2025/02/12/f1-tv-rights-netflix-espn-amazon-streaming/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |work=The New York Times |language= |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> According to ''[[The Athletic]]'', the fee paid by ESPN is estimated at $90 million per year as of 2025, with the current deal set to expire after the 2025 season.<ref name=":4"/> Ahead of the [[2025 United States Grand Prix]], it was announced that [[Apple Inc.]] had acquired the U.S. rights to Formula One under a five-year deal; most coverage will be exclusive to [[Apple TV (streaming service)|Apple TV subscribers]], with practice sessions and selected races available for free.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marchand |first=Andrew |date=2025-10-17 |title=F1 must now navigate the slipstream of Apple's previous media deals with MLB, MLS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6724507/2025/10/17/f1-apple-tv-media-tim-cook-eddie-cue/ |access-date=2025-10-19 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-17 |title=Apple swoops on exclusive F1 US TV rights amid expansion into sports |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2025/oct/17/apple-f1-us-tv-rights |access-date=2025-10-19 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

In Germany, Austria, Italy, and Switzerland, the exclusive rights are held by [[Pay television|pay TV]] broadcaster [[Sky Sport (Germany)|Sky Sport]].<ref name="broadcast"/> The rights were previously shared with free-to-air channel [[RTL (German TV channel)|RTL]] for many years, which had broadcast all Formula One qualifying and racing sessions since 1991, but lost its rights after the 2020 season due to being outbid by Sky Sport.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Niemeier |first=Timo |date=2018-01-25 |title=Nach fast 30 Jahren: RTL steigt aus der Formel 1 aus |url=https://www.dwdl.de/nachrichten/78157/nach_fast_30_jahren_rtl_steigt_aus_der_formel_1_aus/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=DWDL.de |language=de}}</ref> Despite no longer holding the rights themselves, RTL has broadcast selected sessions on free-to-air television and its streaming service [[RTL+]] as part of various sublicensing agreements with Sky Sport.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weis |first=Manuel |date=2021-03-05 |title=Formel 1 zurück bei RTL, Sky bekommt Europa-League-Rechte |url=https://www.dwdl.de/nachrichten/96092/formel_1_zurueck_bei_rtl_sky_zwei_europaleaguespiele_pro_woche/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=DWDL.de |language=de}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Formula One}}
* [[Formula One video games]]
* [[Go-kart]]
* [[DHL Fastest Lap Award]]
* [[DHL Fastest Pit Stop Award]]
* [[FIA Pole Trophy]]
* [[Overtake Award]]
* [[Lorenzo Bandini Trophy]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* Arron, Simon & Hughes, Mark (2003). ''The Complete Book of Formula One''. Motorbooks International. {{ISBN|0-7603-1688-0}}.
* Gross, Nigel et al. (1999). "Grand Prix Motor Racing". In, ''100 Years of Change: Speed and Power'' (pp.&nbsp;55–84). Parragon.
* Hayhoe, David & Holland, David (2006). ''Grand Prix Data Book (4th edition)''. Haynes, Sparkford, UK. {{ISBN|1-84425-223-X}}.
* Higham, Peter (2003). ''The international motor racing guide''. David Bull, Phoenix, AZ, USA. {{ISBN|1-893618-20-X}}.
* {{cite web |title=Inside F1 |date=2011 |url=http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/ |website= formula1.com |access-date=11 November 2011 |archive-date=11 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111070300/http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/ |url-status=live }}
* Jones, Bruce (1997). ''The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Formula One''. Hodder & Stoughton.
* Jones, Bruce (1998). ''Formula One: The Complete Stats and Records of Grand Prix Racing''. Parragon.
* Jones, Bruce (2003). ''The Official ITV Sport Guide: Formula One Grand Prix 2003''. Carlton. Includes foreword by Martin Brundle. {{ISBN|1-84222-813-7}}.
* Jones, Bruce (2005). ''The Guide to 2005 FIA Formula One World Championship: The World's Bestselling Grand Prix Guide''. Carlton. {{ISBN|1-84442-508-8}}.
* Lang, Mike (1981–1992). ''Grand Prix! volumes 1–4''. Haynes, Sparkford, UK.
* Menard, Pierre (2006). ''The Great Encyclopedia of Formula 1, 5th edition''. Chronosport, Switzerland. {{ISBN|2-84707-051-6}}
* Miltner, Harry (2007). ''Race Travel Guide 2007''. egoth: Vienna, Austria. {{ISBN|978-3-902480-34-7}}
* Small, Steve (2000). ''Grand Prix Who's Who (3rd edition)''. Travel Publishing, UK. {{ISBN|1-902007-46-8}}.
* Tremayne, David & Hughes, Mark (1999). ''The Concise Encyclopedia of Formula One''. Parragon
* Twite, Mike. "Formula Regulations: Categories for International Racing" in Northey, Tom, ed. ''The World Of Automobiles'', Volume 6, pp.&nbsp;701–3. London: Phoebus, 1978.
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website}}
* {{Commons category-inline}}

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