View source for Francis I of the Two Sicilies

{{Short description|King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830}}
{{multiple issues|
{{more footnotes needed|date=February 2012}}
{{Expand Italian|topic=bio|Francesco I delle Due Sicilie|date=July 2016}}
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{{Infobox royalty
|name         = Francis I
|image        = Francisco I de las Dos Sicilias (por Vicente López Portaña. 1829. Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando).jpg
|caption      = Portrait by [[Vicente López Portaña]], {{circa|1829}}
|succession   = [[List of monarchs of the Two Sicilies|King of the Two Sicilies]]
|reign        = 4 January 1825 – {{nowrap|8 November 1830}}
|predecessor  = [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies|Ferdinand I]]
|successor    = [[Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies|Ferdinand II]]
|birth_date   = {{birth date|1777|8|19|df=y}}
|birth_place  = [[Royal Palace of Naples]], [[Naples]], [[Kingdom of Naples]]
|death_date   = {{death date and age|1830|11|8|1777|8|19|df=y}}
|death_place  = Naples, [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]]
|burial_place = [[Santa Chiara, Naples|Basilica of Santa Chiara, Naples]]
|spouses      = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria|Maria Clementina of Austria]]|26 June 1797|15 November 1801|end=d.}}
* {{marriage|[[Maria Isabella of Spain]]|6 July1802}}
}}
|issue = {{plainlist |
* [[Marie-Caroline of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duchess of Berry|Princess Maria Carolina, Duchess of Berry]]
* [[Princess Luisa Carlotta of the Two Sicilies|Luisa Carlotta, Infanta of Spain]]
* [[Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies|Maria Cristina, Queen of Spain]]
* [[Ferdinand II, King of the Two Sicilies]]
* [[Charles Ferdinand, Prince of Capua|Carlo Ferdinando, Prince of Capua]]
* [[Prince Leopold, Count of Syracuse|Prince Leopoldo, Count of Siracusa]]
* [[Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies|Maria Antonia, Grand Duchess of Tuscany]]
* [[Prince Antonio, Count of Lecce]]
* [[Princess Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies (born 1818)|Maria Amalia, Infanta of Portugal and Spain]]
* [[Princess Maria Carolina of the Two Sicilies (born 1820)|Princess Maria Carolina, Countess of Montemolín]]
* [[Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies|Teresa Cristina, Empress of Brazil]]
* [[Prince Louis, Count of Aquila|Prince Luigi, Count of Aquila]]
* [[Prince Francis, Count of Trapani|Prince Francesco, Count of Trapani]]
}}
|issue-link   = #Issue
|issue-pipe   = 
|full name    = {{langx|it|Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni Battista}}
|house        = [[House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies|Bourbon]]
|father       = [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]]
|mother       = [[Maria Carolina of Austria]]
|religion     = [[Catholic Church]]
|signature    = Signature of Francis I of the Two Sicilies.svg
}}
{{Infobox Royal styles
|name         = Francis I of the Two Sicilies
|image        = [[Image:Great Royal Coat of Arms of the Two Sicilies.svg|100px]]
|dipstyle     = [[Majesty|His Majesty]]
|offstyle     = Your Majesty
}}

'''Francis I of the Two Sicilies''' ({{langx|it|Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni Battista}};  19 August 1777 –  8 November 1830)<ref>{{cite web|first=Silvio|last=De Majo|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/francesco-i-di-borbone-re-delle-due-sicilie_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29|title=FRANCESCO I di Borbone, re delle Due Sicilie|access-date=2014-08-14}}</ref> was [[King of the Two Sicilies]] from 1825 to 1830 and [[regent]] of the [[Kingdom of Sicily]] from 1806 to 1814.

==Early life==
[[File:Francesco I von Neapel Sizilien.jpg|thumb|left|Francis in 1790. Portrait by [[Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun]].]]
Francis was born the son of [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]] and his wife Archduchess [[Maria Carolina of Austria]] in [[Naples]]. He was also the nephew of [[Marie Antoinette]] and [[Louis XVI]], the last King and Queen of France before the first [[French Republic]], and grandson of Empress [[Maria Theresa]], the Empress of [[Habsburg]] and [[Holy Roman Empress]].

At the death of his older brother [[Carlo, Duke of Calabria]] in 1778, Francis became the heir-apparent to the thrones of Naples and Sicily with the title ''Duke of Calabria'', the traditional title of the heir apparent to the Neapolitan throne.

== Later life ==
On 26 June 1797, Francis married his double first cousin [[Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria]], daughter of [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor]]. When she died in 1801, he married his paternal first cousin [[María Isabella of Spain|María Isabella]], youngest daughter of King [[Charles IV of Spain]], on 6 July 1802. His youngest sister, [[Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily]], also married Maria Isabella's elder brother, the future [[Ferdinand VII of Spain]], then Prince of Asturias.

After the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] family fled from Naples to [[Sicily]] in 1806, [[Lord William Bentinck]], the British resident, had drafted a new constitution along British and French lines. Ferdinand agreed to [[Abdication|abdicate]] his throne, with Francis being appointed regent in 1812.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-I-king-of-the-Two-Sicilies|title = Francis I &#124; king of the Two Sicilies}}</ref>

On the abdication of [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]], his father returned to Naples and suppressed the Sicilian constitution, incorporating his two kingdoms into that of the Two Sicilies (1816); Francis then assumed the revived title of duke of [[Calabria]]. While still heir apparent, he professed liberal ideas, and on the outbreak of the revolution of 1820, he accepted the regency, apparently in a friendly spirit towards the new constitution, although he was actually as conservative as his father.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

On succeeding to the throne in 1825, he pursued a conservative course.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-I-king-of-the-Two-Sicilies|title = Francis I &#124; king of the Two Sicilies}}</ref> He took little part in the government, which he left in the hands of favourites and police officials, and lived with his mistresses, surrounded by soldiers, ever in dread of assassination. During his reign, the only revolutionary movement was the outbreak on the Cilento (1828), repressed by the Marquis Delcarretto, an ex-Liberal.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} He was, however, successful in having the Austrian occupation force withdrawn (1827), thereby relieving a large financial burden on the treasury.

During his reign, the [[Royal Order of Francis I]] was founded to reward civil merit.

==Issue==
With Maria Clementina of Austria:

* [[Marie-Caroline of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duchess of Berry|Maria Carolina]] (1798–1870), who married, firstly, [[Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry]], the second son of King [[Charles X of France]]; and secondly, [[Ettore Lucchesi-Palli, 4th Duke of Grazia|Ettore Count Lucchesi Palli, Prince di Campofranco, Duke della Grazia]].
* Ferdinando, Duke of Noto (27 August 1800 – 1 July 1801) died in infancy.

With Isabella of Spain:

* [[Princess Luisa Carlotta of the Two Sicilies|Luisa Carlotta]] (1804–1844), who married her mother's younger brother [[Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain]].
* [[Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies|María Cristina]] (1806–1878), who married firstly her uncle [[Ferdinand VII of Spain]] (her mother's older brother); and secondly, Ferdinand Muñoz, Duke of Rianzares.
* [[Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies]] (1810–1859), who became Francis I's successor and married twice.
* [[Charles Ferdinand, Prince of Capua|Carlo Ferdinando]], Prince of Capua (1811–1862), who [[morganatic marriage|morganatically wed]] Penelope Smyth and had issue.
* [[Prince Leopold, Count of Syracuse|Leopoldo Beniamino]], Count of Syracuse (1813–1860), who married [[Princess Maria Filiberta of Savoy]]. Had no surviving issue.
* [[Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies|Maria Antonia]] (1814–1898) who married [[Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany]].
* [[Prince Antonio, Count of Lecce|Antonio Pasquale]], Count of Lecce (1816–1843).
* [[Princess Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies (1818–1857)|Maria Amalia]] (1818–1857), who married [[Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain]].
* [[Princess Maria Carolina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1820–1861)|Maria Carolina]] (1820–1861), who married [[Carlos, Conde de Montemolin|Don Carlos de Bourbon, Count of Montemolin]], [[Carlism|Carlist]] pretender to the throne of Spain.
* [[Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies|Teresa Cristina]] (1822–1889), who married Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil]].
* [[Prince Louis, Count of Aquila|Luigi Carlo]], Count of Aquila (1824–1897), who married [[Januária Maria, Princess Imperial of Brazil|Januária, Princess Imperial of Brazil]] (sister of Pedro II of Brazil and [[Maria II of Portugal]]). Had issue.
* [[Prince Francis, Count of Trapani|Francesco di Paola]], Count of Trapani (1827–1892), who married [[Archduchess Maria Isabella of Austria|Archduchess Maria Isabella of Austria, Princess of Tuscany]], and had issue.

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center |ref=<ref>{{cite book|title=Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans| trans-title=Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1|year=1768|publisher=Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel|location=Bourdeaux|language=fr|pages=1<!--mother's side-->, 9<!--father's side-->}}</ref>
| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;
| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe;
| 1 = 1. '''Francis I of the Two Sicilies'''
| 2 = 2. [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]]
| 3 = 3. [[Maria Carolina of Austria]]
| 4 = 4. [[Charles III of Spain]]
| 5 = 5. [[Maria Amalia of Saxony]]
| 6 = 6. [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
| 7 = 7. [[Maria Theresa|Maria Theresa of Austria]]
| 8 = 8. [[Philip V of Spain]]
| 9 = 9. [[Elisabeth Farnese]]
| 10 = 10. [[Augustus III of Poland]]
| 11 = 11. [[Maria Josepha of Austria]]
| 12 = 12. [[Leopold, Duke of Lorraine]]
| 13 = 13. [[Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans]]
| 14 = 14. [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor]]
| 15 = 15. [[Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Francis I. of the Two Sicilies|volume=10|page=936}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]]|19 August|1777|8 November|1830|[[House of Bourbon]]}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{Succession box
| before = [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies|Ferdinand I]]
| title = [[List of monarchs of the Two Sicilies|King of the Two Sicilies]]
| years = 4 January 1825 – 8 November 1830
| after = [[Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies|Ferdinand II]]
}}
{{s-end}}{{Princes of the Two Sicilies}}
{{The Bourbons of Naples and Sicily (1735–1816)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Francis 01 Of The Two Sicilies}}
[[Category:1777 births]]
[[Category:1830 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Neapolitan people]]
[[Category:19th-century Neapolitan people]]
[[Category:19th-century regents]]
[[Category:18th-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Monarchs of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]]
[[Category:People from Naples]]
[[Category:Viceroys of Sicily]]
[[Category:Princes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain]]
[[Category:Neapolitan princes]]
[[Category:Sicilian princes]]
[[Category:Burials at the Basilica of Santa Chiara]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Children of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]]