View source for Frank Gehry

{{Short description|Canadian and American architect (born 1929)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox architect
| name = Frank Gehry
| honorific_suffix = {{Post-nominals|CC|size=100%}} {{post-nominals|list=[[FAIA]]|size=100%}}
| image = Turner 07 FGLecture2.JPG
| image_size = 220
| caption = Gehry in 2007
| birth_name = Frank Owen Goldberg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1929|2|28}}
| birth_place = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Canada
| death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|1929|02|28}} -->
| death_place = 
| citizenship = {{hlist|Canada|United States}}
| awards = [[#Awards and honors|List of awards]]
| practice = Gehry Partners, LLP
| significant_buildings = [[List of works by Frank Gehry|List of works]]
| spouse = {{Plainlist|
* {{Marriage|Anita Snyder|1952|1966|reason=divorced}}
* {{Marriage|Berta Isabel Aguilera|1975}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-10-08 |title=Great modern buildings: Frank Gehry biography |url=http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2007/oct/08/architecture |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en}}</ref>}}
| significant_projects = 
| children = 4
| significant_design = 
| website = {{URL|foga.com}}
| education = [[University of Southern California]] ([[B.Arch]])
}}

'''Frank Owen Gehry''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|ɛər|i}} {{respell|GAIR|ee}}; {{ne|'''Goldberg'''}}; born February 28, 1929) is a Canadian and American architect and designer. A number of [[List of works by Frank Gehry|his buildings]], including [[Gehry Residence|his private residence]] in [[Santa Monica, California]], have become [[Tourist attraction|attractions]]. 

Gehry rose to prominence in the 1970s with his distinctive style that blended everyday materials with complex, dynamic structures. Gehry's approach to architecture has been described as [[Deconstructivism|deconstructivist]], though he himself resists categorization. His works are considered among the most important of [[contemporary architecture]] in the 2010 [[World Architecture Survey]], leading ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' to call him "the most important architect of our age".<ref name="VF Tyrnauer 2010">{{cite news |last= Tyrnauer |first=Matt |author-link=Matt Tyrnauer|title= Architecture in the Age of Gehry |url= https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-201008?currentPage=all |access-date= 2010-07-22 |newspaper= [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date= June 30, 2010}}</ref>

Gehry is known for his [[Postmodern architecture|postmodern designs]] and use of bold, unconventional forms and materials. His most famous works include the [[Guggenheim Museum Bilbao]] in Spain, the [[Walt Disney Concert Hall]] in Los Angeles, and the [[Louis Vuitton Foundation]] in Paris. These buildings are characterized by their sculptural, often undulating exteriors and innovative use of materials such as titanium and stainless steel.

Throughout his career, Gehry has received numerous awards and honors, including the [[Pritzker Architecture Prize]] in 1989, considered the field's highest honor. He has also been awarded the [[National Medal of Arts]] and the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in the United States. Gehry's influence extends beyond architecture; he has designed furniture, jewelry, and liquor bottles.

==Early life==
[[File:Gehry House - Image02.jpg|thumb|[[Gehry Residence]] in [[Santa Monica]], California ]]

Frank Owen Gehry was born Frank Owen Goldberg on February 28, 1929, at [[Toronto General Hospital]] in [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Goldberger |date=September 28, 2015 |title=Frank Gehry's first playground of the imagination |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/frank-gehry-s-first-playground-of-the-imagination/article_5542a09d-fa41-5662-814b-1b762b61d0d8.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |work=[[Toronto Star]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Filler |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Filler |url=https://archive.org/details/makersofmodernar0000unse |title=Makers of Modern Architecture |publisher=New York Review Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-59017-227-8 |page=170 |oclc=82172814 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryarch00muri/ |title=Contemporary Architects |publisher=[[St. James Press]] |year=1994 |isbn=1-55862-182-2 |editor-last=Emanuel |editor-first=Muriel |edition=3rd |location= |pages=341–343 |oclc=30816307 |url-access=registration}}</ref> to parents Sadie Thelma (née Kaplanski/Caplan) and Irving Goldberg.<ref name="The Essential 1" /> His American father was born in [[New York City]] to [[Russian Jewish|Russian-Jewish]] parents, and his [[Polish-Jewish]] mother was an immigrant born in [[Łódź|Łódź, Poland]].<ref name=fdnr1>''[[Finding Your Roots]]'', February 2, 2016, [[PBS]]</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= Green, Peter S. |url= http://isurvived.org/InTheNews/JewishMuseum-Poland.html |title=In the News: Warsaw Jewish Museum In Poland |date=June 30, 2005|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2011-08-30}}</ref><ref>Gorin, Abbott (Spring 2015) [https://jewishcurrents.org/a-golden-age-of-jewish-architects/ "A Golden Age of Jewish Architects"] ''[[Jewish Currents]]''. Retrieved 12 January 2020.</ref> A creative child, he was encouraged by his grandmother, Leah Caplan,<ref>Ouroussoff, Nicolai (October 25, 1998) [https://articles.latimes.com/1998/oct/25/magazine/tm-35829/2 "I'm Frank Gehry, and This Is How I See the World"]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-oct-25-tm-35829-story.html  ''[[Los Angeles Times|Los Angeles Times Magazine]]''</ref> with whom he built little cities out of scraps of wood.<ref name=SalonTempler>{{cite news| author=Templer, Karen |title=Frank Gehry| url=http://www.salon.com/1999/10/05/gehry/| newspaper =[[Salon (magazine)|Salon]]| date=December 5, 1999 |access-date=2007-08-25}}</ref> With these scraps from her husband's hardware store, she entertained him for hours, building imaginary houses and futuristic cities on the living room floor.<ref name="The Essential 1" />

Gehry's use of [[corrugated steel]], [[chain-link fencing]], unpainted [[plywood]], and other utilitarian or "everyday" materials was partly inspired by spending Saturday mornings at his grandfather's hardware store. He spent time drawing with his father, and his mother introduced him to the world of art. "So the creative genes were there", Gehry says. "But my father thought I was a dreamer, I wasn't gonna amount to anything. It was my mother who thought I was just reticent to do things. She would push me."<ref>{{cite news |first1=Richard |last1=Lacayo |first2=Daniel S. |last2=Levy |title=Architecture: The Frank Gehry Experience |newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=June 26, 2000 |volume=155 |issue=26 |page=64 |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,997295,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105190123/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C997295%2C00.html |archive-date=January 5, 2013 |access-date=March 22, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He was given the [[Hebrew name]] "Ephraim" by his grandfather, but used it only at his [[Bar and Bat Mitzvah|bar mitzvah]].<ref name="clear">{{Cite news |last1=Reinhart |first1=Anthony |date=2010-07-28 |title=Frank Gehry clears the air on fishy inspiration |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/frank-gehry-clears-the-air-on-fishy-inspiration/article4353512/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731085207/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/toronto/frank-gehry-clears-the-air-on-fishy-inspiration/article1655311/ |archive-date=2010-07-31 |id={{ProQuest|2385608064}}}}</ref> In 1954, Gehry changed his surname from Goldberg to Gehry, after his then-wife Anita expressed concern about [[antisemitism]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Verge |first=Stéphanie |date=July 2022 |title=Frank Talk |url=https://torontolife.com/real-estate/frank-gehry-has-a-few-things-to-get-off-his-chest/ |magazine=[[Toronto Life]] |quote=Gehry's a phony name—I changed it in 1954 because my ex-wife was worried about antisemitism and thought it sounded less Jewish. |quote-page=55}}</ref>

===Education===
In 1947, Gehry's family immigrated to the United States, settling in California. He got a job driving a delivery truck and studied at [[Los Angeles City College]].

According to Gehry, "I was a [[truck driver]] in L.A., going to City College, and I tried radio announcing, which I wasn't very good at. I tried chemical engineering, which I wasn't very good at and didn't like, and then I remembered. You know, somehow I just started wracking my brain about, 'What do I like?' Where was I? What made me excited? And I remembered art, that I loved going to museums and I loved looking at paintings, loved listening to music. Those things came from my mother, who took me to concerts and museums. I remembered Grandma and the blocks, and just on a hunch, I tried some architecture classes."<ref name="achievement">{{cite web|url=https://www.achievement.org/achiever/frank-gehry/#interview|title=Biography and Video Interview of Frank Gehry at Academy of Achievement|website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]}}</ref> 

Gehry went on to graduate from the [[University of Southern California]]'s [[USC School of Architecture|School of Architecture]] in 1954, where his professors included [[William Pereira]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Hess, Alan |date=June 30, 2014 |title=Erasing Pereira |url=https://orangecoast.com/news/erasing-pereira |access-date=3 April 2025 |publisher=Orange Coast Magazine}}</ref> During that time, he became a member of [[Alpha Epsilon Pi]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Engel, Eliot L. |date=August 2, 2013 |title=Congratulating the Alpha Epsilon Pi International Fraternity |url=https://votesmart.org/public-statement/804062/congratulating-the-alpha-epsilon-pi-international-fraternity |access-date=12 January 2020 |publisher=Capitol Words}}</ref><ref>Schoenberg, Jeremy (January 18, 2011) [https://news.usc.edu/28496/architect-frank-gehry-named-judge-widney-professor/ "Architect Frank Gehry Named Judge Widney Professor"]; {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023154758/https://news.usc.edu/28496/architect-frank-gehry-named-judge-widney-professor/ |date=October 23, 2022 }} ''USC News''</ref>  He then spent time away from architecture in numerous other jobs, including service in the [[United States Army]].<ref name=SalonTempler /> In the fall of 1956, he moved his family to [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], where he studied [[city planning]] at [[Harvard University]]'s [[Harvard Graduate School of Design|Graduate School of Design]]. Gehry had always expressed a socialist philosophy for architecture, something that was influenced by political views as he expressed a more leftist attitude to the world. These progressive ideas about socially responsible architecture were under-realized and not respected by his professors at Harvard, leaving him to feel disheartened and "underwhelmed".<ref name="Isenberg2012">{{cite book|last=Isenberg|first=Barbara|title=Conversations with Frank Gehry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d44jpzp3PzQC&pg=PA40|year=2012|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|pages=40–43|isbn=978-0-307-95972-0}}</ref> Gehry's distaste for the school culminated after he was invited by his architecture professor to engage in a discussion revolving around a "secret architectural project in progress", which was ultimately revealed to Gehry as a palace that he was designing for Cuban dictator [[Fulgencio Batista]].<ref name="The Essential 1">{{cite book|last=Chollet|first=Laurence B.|title=The Essential Frank O. Gehry|year=2001|publisher=The Wonderland Press|location=New York|isbn=0-8109-5829-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/essentialfrankog00laur/page/112 112]|url=https://archive.org/details/essentialfrankog00laur/page/112}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Debika |date=2020-02-27 |title=As architect Frank Gehry turns 90 years old we look back at his prolific career |url=https://www.iconeye.com/architecture/architect-frank-gehry-turns-90 |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=ICON Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Career==
[[File:052607-006-Chiat-Day.jpg|thumb|[[Chiat/Day Building]] in [[Venice, California]] (1991)]]
[[File:DSC09338 Frank Gehry Siedlung Schwanheim Goldstein.jpg|thumb|Public housing in [[Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Frankfurt-Schwanheim]] (1994)]]
[[File:Fondation Louis Vuitton roof @ Mare Saint-James @ Bois de Boulogne @ Paris (28303477171).jpg|thumb|Part of the roof of the [[Fondation Louis Vuitton]] building as seen from the [[Bois de Boulogne]] in [[Paris]], France (2016)]]
[[File:New World Center - Image01.jpg|thumb|upright|[[New World Center]] in [[Miami Beach]], Florida (2011)]]
[[File:Beekman Tower fr BB jeh.jpg|thumb|upright|The tower at [[8 Spruce Street]] in Lower Manhattan, completed in 2010, has a stainless steel and glass exterior and is 76&nbsp;stories high (2010).]]
[[File:Gehry Las Vegas.jpg|thumb|The [[Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health]] of the [[Cleveland Clinic]] in [[Las Vegas]], Nevada (2010)]]
Gehry ultimately dropped out of his graduate program at Harvard University (where he studied urban planning) to start a furniture manufacturing company Easy Edges, which specialised in creating pieces with cardboard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gehry Talks Inspiration for Acclaimed Buildings {{!}} News {{!}} The Harvard Crimson |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2015/11/16/gehry-talks-design-event/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=www.thecrimson.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Debika |date=2020-02-27 |title=As architect Frank Gehry turns 90 years old we look back at his prolific career |url=https://www.iconeye.com/architecture/architect-frank-gehry-turns-90 |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=ICON Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Templer |first=Karen |date=1999-10-05 |title=Frank Gehry |url=https://www.salon.com/1999/10/05/gehry/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Salon |language=en}}</ref>

He returned to Los Angeles to work for [[Victor Gruen Associates]], with whom he had apprenticed while at USC. In 1957, at age 28, he was given the chance to design his first private residence with friend and old classmate Greg Walsh. Construction was done by another neighbor across the street from his wife's family, Charlie Sockler. Built in [[Idyllwild-Pine Cove, California|Idyllwild, California]] for his wife Anita's family neighbor Melvin David, the over {{convert|2,000|sqft|abbr=on}} "David Cabin"<ref>{{cite web| last= Sisson| first= Patrick| date= August 21, 2015| url= http://www.curbed.com/2015/8/21/9928242/21-first-drafts-frank-gehrys-david-cabin| title= 21 First Drafts: Frank Gehry's David Cabin| work= [[Curbed]]| access-date= January 6, 2017| archive-date= January 7, 2017| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170107095619/http://www.curbed.com/2015/8/21/9928242/21-first-drafts-frank-gehrys-david-cabin| url-status= dead}}</ref> shows features that were to become synonymous with Gehry's later work, including beams protruding from the exterior sides, vertical-grain douglas fir detail, and exposed unfinished ceiling beams. It also shows strong Asian influences, stemming from his earliest inspirations, such as the [[Shōsōin]] in [[Nara Prefecture|Nara, Japan]].

In 1961, Gehry moved to [[Paris]], where he worked for architect Andre Remondet.<ref>Goldberger (2015), pp.110–111<br />Lazo, Caroline Evensen (2006) ''Frank Gehry''. Twenty-First Century Books<br /> Hawthorne, Christopher (October 8, 2014) [https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-paris-passion-for-all-things-gehry-20141008-column.html "In Paris, a Passion for All Things Frank Gehry"] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''</ref> In 1962, he established a practice in Los Angeles that became Frank Gehry and Associates in 1967,<ref name="SalonTempler" /> then Gehry Partners in 2001.<ref>[http://www.foga.com/ Gehry Partners, LLP website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219203901/http://www.foga.com/ |date=December 19, 2013 }}</ref> His earliest commissions were in Southern California, where he designed a number of innovative commercial structures such as [[Santa Monica Place]] (1980) and residential buildings such as the eccentric Norton House (1984) in [[Venice, Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite web|last= Molloy| first= Jonathan C.|url=http://www.archdaily.com/337607/ad-classic-norton-house-frank-gehry/ |title=AD Classic: Norton House / Frank Gehry |website= ArchDaily.com |date=February 28, 2013 |access-date=2013-05-25}}</ref>

Among these works, Gehry's most notable design may be the renovation of his own Santa Monica residence.<ref>{{cite news| last= Head| first= Jeffrey |date= October 21, 2009| url= http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/home_blog/2009/10/frank-gehry-the-houses-book-review-new-frank-gehry-book.html | title= Frank Gehry: The Houses| work= [[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Originally built in 1920 and purchased by Gehry in 1977, it features a metallic exterior wrapped around the original building that leaves many of the original details visible.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Gehry_House.html |title=Gehry House – Frank Gehry|work=GreatBuildings |publisher=Great Buildings Collection |access-date= 2010-06-03}}</ref> Gehry still resides there.

Other of Gehry's buildings completed during the 1980s include the [[Cabrillo Marine Aquarium]] (1981) in [[San Pedro, Los Angeles|San Pedro]], and the [[California Aerospace Museum]] (1984) at the [[California Science Center|California Museum of Science and Industry]] in Los Angeles.

In 1989, Gehry received the [[Pritzker Architecture Prize]], where the jury described him: "Always open to experimentation, he has as well a sureness and maturity that resists, in the same way that Picasso did, being bound either by critical acceptance or his successes. His buildings are juxtaposed collages of spaces and materials that make users appreciative of both the theatre and the back-stage, simultaneously revealed."<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.pritzkerprize.com/1989/jury |title= Jury Citation: Frank Gehry: 1989 Laureate| website= pritzkerprize.com| publisher= Pritzker Architecture Prize| year= 1989| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref>

Gehry continued to design other notable buildings in California, such as the [[Chiat/Day Building]] (1991) in Venice, in collaboration with [[Claes Oldenburg]], which is well known for its massive sculpture of binoculars. He also began receiving larger national and international commissions, including his first European commission, the Vitra International Furniture Manufacturing Facility and Design Museum in Germany, completed in 1989. It was soon followed by other major commissions including the [[Frederick Weisman Museum of Art]]<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.weisman.umn.edu/architecture/arch.html| title= Modeling the museum for 17 years| first= Hailey| last= Colwell| website= Weisman.UMN.edu| publisher= The Frederick Weisman Museum of Art, [[University of Minnesota]]| date= August 5, 2015| access-date= March 8, 2017| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060510153155/http://www.weisman.umn.edu/architecture/arch.html| archive-date= May 10, 2006}}</ref> (1993) in [[Minneapolis]], Minnesota; the [[Cinémathèque Française]]<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/americancenter/ |title= American Center, Paris| website= galinsky.com| date= 2010| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref>(1994) in Paris, originally The American Center in Paris;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Architect March 2010 Page 80 |url=https://lscpagepro.mydigitalpublication.com/publication/?m=11050&i=35348&p=82&ver=html5 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=lscpagepro.mydigitalpublication.com |language=en-US}}</ref> and the [[Dancing House]]<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/dancinghouse/index.htm |title= Dancing House| website= galinsky.com| date= 2006| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref> (1996) in [[Prague]].

From 1994 to 1996 a couple buildings by Gehry for a [[public housing]] project were realized in Goldstein, part of [[Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Frankfurt-Schwanheim]] (1994)
In 1997, Gehry vaulted to a new level of international acclaim<ref name="VF Tyrnauer 2010"/> when the [[Guggenheim Museum Bilbao]] opened in [[Bilbao]], Spain. Hailed by ''[[The New Yorker]]'' as a "masterpiece of the 20th century", and by legendary architect [[Philip Johnson]] as "the greatest building of our time",<ref>{{cite news| last= Tyrnauer| first= Matt |author-link=Matt Tyrnauer|date= August 2010| url= https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-201008 |title= Architecture in the Age of Gehry| work= [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]| access-date= March 27, 2012}}</ref> the museum became famous for its striking yet aesthetically pleasing design and its positive economic effect on the city.

Since then, Gehry has regularly won major commissions and established himself as one of the world's most notable architects. His best-received works include several concert halls for classical music. The boisterous, curvaceous [[Walt Disney Concert Hall]] (2003) in [[downtown Los Angeles]] is the centerpiece of the neighborhood's revitalization; the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' called it "the most effective answer to doubters, naysayers, and grumbling critics an American architect has ever produced".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,995369,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909135523/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,995369,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 9, 2009| title=Windy City Redux| access-date=2008-07-30| date= October 11, 2004| last= Roston| first= Eric| magazine= [[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> Gehry also designed the open-air [[Jay Pritzker Pavilion]] (2004) in [[Chicago]]'s [[Millennium Park]];<ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/disneyhall/la-et-cm-disney-hall-hawthorne-dto,0,4655702.htmlstory#axzz2mxQkKZKD|title=Frank Gehry's Walt Disney Concert Hall is inextricably of L.A.|access-date=2013-12-09|date=September 21, 2013| last= Hawthorne| first= Christopher| newspaper= Los Angeles Times}}</ref> and the understated [[New World Center]] (2011) in [[Miami Beach, Florida|Miami Beach]], which the ''LA Times'' called "a piece of architecture that dares you to underestimate it or write it off at first glance."<ref name="lat-arch">{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-xpm-2011-jan-24-la-et-gehry-miami-review-20110124-story.html | title=Architecture review: Frank Gehry's New World Center in Miami Beach | last= Hawthorne| first= Christopher | newspaper= Los Angeles Times | date=January 24, 2011}}</ref>

His other notable works include academic buildings such as the [[Stata Center]] (2004)<ref>{{cite web| url= http://web.mit.edu/facilities/construction/completed/stata.html |title= The Stata Center| publisher= Massachusetts Institute of Technology| website= MIT.edu| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref> at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], and the Peter B. Lewis Library (2008) at [[Princeton University]];<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S22/11/40O68/index.xml?section=featured| title= Architect Gehry seeks to inspire with Princeton's Lewis Library design| date= September 11, 2008| first= Cass| last= Cliatt| access-date= March 8, 2017| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170308002814/http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S22/11/40O68/index.xml?section=featured| archive-date= March 8, 2017| df= mdy-all}}</ref> museums such as the [[Museum of Pop Culture]] (2000) in [[Seattle]], Washington;<ref>{{cite web |author=Staff| title=Experience Music Project| url=http://www.fodors.com/world/north-america/usa/washington/seattle/review-105822.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818190523/http://www.fodors.com/world/north-america/usa/washington/seattle/review-105822.html |archive-date= August 18, 2010 |publisher=[[Fodors]] |access-date=2015-03-22}}</ref> commercial buildings such as the [[IAC Building]] (2007) in New York City;<ref>{{cite news | last= Ouroussoff| first= Nicolai | author-link=Nicolai Ouroussoff | title=Gehry's New York Debut: Subdued Tower of Light | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/22/arts/design/22dill.html?hp | newspaper= [[The New York Times]] | date=March 22, 2007| access-date=2007-08-25}}</ref> and residential buildings, such as Gehry's first skyscraper, the Beekman Tower at 8 Spruce Street (2011)<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/10/arts/design/10beekman.html| newspaper= The New York Times | first=Nicolai| last=Ouroussoff | author-link=Nicolai Ouroussoff| title=8 Spruce Street by the Architect Frank Gehry&nbsp;– Review| date=February 9, 2011}}</ref> in New York City.

Gehry's recent major international works include the [[Dr Chau Chak Wing Building]] at the [[University of Technology Sydney]], completed in 2014,<ref name=UTS>{{cite web|title=UTS City Campus Master Plan|url=http://www.uts.edu.au/partners-and-community/initiatives/city-campus-master-plan/projects-progress|website=uts.edu.au|publisher=University of Technology Sydney|access-date=2014-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903024634/http://www.uts.edu.au/partners-and-community/initiatives/city-campus-master-plan/projects-progress|archive-date=September 3, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the Chau Chak Wing, with its 320,000 bricks in "sweeping lines", described as "10 out of 10" on a scale of difficulty.<ref name=Gilmore>{{cite news|last1=Gilmore|first1=Heath|title=Frank Gehry's Sydney building sculpture revealed|url=https://www.smh.com.au/nsw/frank-gehrys-sydney-building-sculpture-revealed-20140829-109vfe.html| access-date= 2014-08-30| newspaper= [[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=August 30, 2014}}</ref> Ongoing projects include the [[Guggenheim Abu Dhabi]] on [[Saadiyat Island]] in the United Arab Emirates and the [[Forma (Toronto)|Forma]] skyscraper project in his hometown.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archrecord.construction.com/news/2011/01/110126_saadiyat_island_nouvel_gehry.asp |title=Projects by Nouvel and Gehry Finally Moving Forward on Saadiyat Island|newspaper=[[Architectural Record]] |date=January 26, 2011 |access-date=2011-08-30}}</ref> Other significant projects such as a multi-decade renovation of the [[Philadelphia Art Museum]] are currently in the design stage. In October 2013, Gehry was appointed joint architect with [[Foster + Partners]] to design the High Street phase of the development of [[Battersea Power Station]] in London, Gehry's first project there.<ref>{{cite web| title= Superstar Architects Gehry and Foster to design Battersea Power Station's High Street| url=http://www.primeresi.com/superstar-architects-gehry-and-foster-to-design-battersea-power-stations-high-street/24772/ | date=October 23, 2013|website= PrimeResi.com| access-date=2013-10-23}}</ref>

In recent years, some of Gehry's more prominent designs have failed to go forward. In addition to unrealized designs for the [[Corcoran Art Gallery]] expansion in Washington, DC, and a new Guggenheim museum near the [[South Street Seaport]] in New York City, Gehry was notoriously dropped by developer [[Bruce Ratner]] from the [[Pacific Park, Brooklyn|Pacific Park (Brooklyn)]] redevelopment project, and in 2014 as the designer of the [[Performing Arts Center (Manhattan)|World Trade Center Performing Arts Center]] in New York City.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/03/arts/music/questions-on-ground-zero-arts-center-left-unanswered.html |title=Arts Hub for All May Work for None |newspaper= The New York Times |date=December 7, 2013 |access-date=2013-12-08 |first=Anthony |last=Tommasini| author-link=Anthony Tommasini}}</ref> Some stalled projects have recently shown progress: After many years and a dismissal, Gehry was recently reinstated as architect for the [[Grand Avenue Project]] in Los Angeles, and though his controversial<ref>{{cite news| last=Pogrebin| first=Robin| author-link=Robin Pogrebin| title=Eisenhower as Barefoot Boy? Family Objects to a Memorial|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/07/arts/design/eisenhower-memorial-by-frank-gehry-draws-objections-from-family.html?pagewanted=all| newspaper= The New York Times |date=February 6, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| last=Campbell| first=Robert| author-link=Robert Campbell (journalist)|title=Pressing Pause, for Cause, On the Eisenhower Memorial| url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/2012/10/13/pressing-pause-for-cause-eisenhower-memorial/JaSFXQK3O8GX5GyOPzGKoL/story.html|newspaper=[[Boston Globe]]|date=October 13, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kennicott|first=Philip| author-link=Philip Kennicott|title=Review: Frank Gehry's Eisenhower Memorial reinvigorates the genre|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/review-frank-gehrys-eisenhower-memorial-reinvigorates-the-genre/2011/12/13/gIQAAT4RwO_story.html| newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]| access-date=2012-04-24| date=December 17, 2011}}</ref> design of the National [[Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial]] in Washington, DC has had numerous delays during the approval process with the [[United States Congress]], it was finally approved in 2014 with a modified design.

In 2014, two significant, long-awaited museums designed by Gehry opened: the [[Biomuseo]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.visitpanama.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=312:biomuseo&Itemid=439&lang=en |title= The Biomuseo, the great works of Frank Gehry |website= VisitPanama.com |access-date= 2011-08-30 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120605154401/http://www.visitpanama.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=312:biomuseo&Itemid=439&lang=en |archive-date= June 5, 2012 |url-status= dead }}</ref> a biodiversity museum in [[Panama City]], Panama; and the [[Louis Vuitton Foundation|Fondation Louis Vuitton]],<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.collectortribune.com/2012/03/26/eliasson-show-due-to-open-pariss-louis-vuitton-museum/ |title=Eliasson show due to open Paris' Louis Vuitton museum |newspaper=Collector Tribune |date=March 26, 2012 |access-date=2012-10-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arcspace.com/architects/gehry/vuitton/vuitton.html |title=Foundation Louis Vuitton: Frank Gehry |website=arcspace.com |date=January 8, 2007 |access-date=2011-08-30 |archive-date=June 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618212815/http://www.arcspace.com/architects/gehry/vuitton/vuitton.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Riding |first=Alan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/03/arts/design/03arna.html?_r=1 |title= Vuitton Plans a Gehry-Designed Arts Center in Paris |newspaper= The New York Times |date=October 3, 2006 |access-date= 2011-08-30}}</ref> a modern art museum in the [[Bois de Boulogne]] park in Paris, France. Both opened to generally positive reviews.<ref>{{cite news| last= Kennicott| first=Philip| author-link=Philip Kennicott|title=Gehry's Paris Coup| url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2014/09/frank-gehry-foundation-louis-vuitton-paris| newspaper=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]| access-date=2014-10-24|date=September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=designboom |first=philip stevens I. |date=2014-02-13 |title=panama biomuseo by frank gehry ready for grand opening |url=https://www.designboom.com/architecture/panama-biomuseo-by-frank-gehry-ready-for-grand-opening-02-13-2014/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=designboom {{!}} architecture & design magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wainwright |first=Oliver |date=2014-10-21 |title=Frank Gehry's Fondation Louis Vuitton shows he doesn't know when to stop |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/oct/21/frank-gehry-fondation-louis-vuitton-shows-he-doesnt-know-when-to-stop |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

Also in 2014, Gehry was commissioned by [[River LA]] (formerly the [[Los Angeles River|Los Angeles River Revitalization Corporation]]), a nonprofit group founded by the city of Los Angeles in 2009 to coordinate river policy, to devise a wide-ranging new plan for the river.<ref>{{cite news| date= August 9, 2015| url= https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-et-la-river-notebook-20150809-story.html |title= Frank Gehry agreed to make over the L.A. River – with one big condition / How Frank Gehry's L.A. River make-over will change the city and why he took the job | last= Hawthorne| first= Christopher| newspaper= Los Angeles Times | access-date= March 8, 2017| url-status= live| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150813232723/http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-et-la-river-notebook-20150809-story.html| archive-date= August 13, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-et-cm-la-river-gehry-20160613-snap-story.html|title=Frank Gehry's controversial L.A. River plan gets cautious, low-key rollout|date=2016-06-18|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-07-27|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref>

In February 2015, the new A$180&nbsp;million building for the [[University of Technology Sydney]] was officially opened, whose façade has more than 320,000 hand-placed bricks and glass slabs. Gehry said he would not design a building like the "crumpled paper bag" again.<ref name= crumpled>{{cite news|agency=[[Australian Associated Press]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/feb/02/frank-gehry-says-his-uts-crumpled-paper-bag-building-wont-be-repeated|title=Frank Gehry says his 'crumpled paper bag' building will remain a one-off|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=February 2, 2015|access-date=2015-09-14}}</ref>

Gehry told the French newspaper ''[[La Croix (newspaper)|La Croix]]'' in November 2016 that [[President of France]] [[François Hollande]] had assured him he could relocate to France if [[Donald Trump]] was elected [[President of the United States]].<ref>{{cite news| last= Dreyfus| first= Stéphane| date= November 4, 2016| url= http://www.la-croix.com/Culture/Frank-Gehry-lart-chitecte-2016-11-04-1200800773 | title= Frank Gehry, 'l'art-chitecte'| newspaper=La Croix}}</ref><ref name=Perlson>{{cite web| last= Perlson| first= Hili | date= November 15, 2016| url= https://news.artnet.com/art-world/trump-elected-frank-gehry-emigrate-france-748415 | title= With Trump Elected, Frank Gehry Wants to Move to France| work= Artnet News}}</ref> The following month, Gehry said that he had no plans to move.<ref>{{cite news| last= La Rose| first= Lauren | date= December 3, 2016| url= https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/article/architect-frank-gehry-very-worried-about-donald-trump/ |title= Architect Frank Gehry 'very worried' about Donald Trump| agency= The Canadian Press| website= ctvnews.ca| place= Toronto| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref> Trump and he exchanged words in 2010 when Gehry's [[8 Spruce Street]], originally known as [[Beekman Tower (Gehry)|Beekman Tower]], was built {{convert|1|ft}} taller than the nearby [[40 Wall Street|Trump Building]], which until then was New York City's tallest residential building.<ref name=Perlson/><ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-et-donald-trump-frank-gehry-photo.html | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150814125100/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-et-donald-trump-frank-gehry-photo.html | url-status= dead | archive-date= 2015-08-14 |title= Donald Trump versus Frank Gehry| work= Los Angeles Times| date= 2016| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref>

Notable Gehry-designed buildings completed in the 2020s include the [[Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial]] in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]<ref>{{cite news| date= August 5, 2020| url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/the-new-eisenhower-memorial-is-stunning-especially-at-night-but-is-this-the-last-of-the-great-man-memorials/2020/08/05/100eb90a-d665-11ea-aff6-220dd3a14741_story.html |title= The new Eisenhower Memorial is stunning, especially at night. But is this the last of the 'great man' memorials? | last= Kennicott| first= Philip| newspaper= Washington Post | access-date= September 19, 2021}}</ref> and the [[LUMA Arles]] museum in France.<ref>{{cite news| date= June 28, 2021| url= https://www.archpaper.com/2021/06/luma-arles-opens-in-frank-gehry-polarizing-centerpiece-tower/ |title= Luma Arles opens in Provence with all eyes on Frank Gehry's polarizing centerpiece | last= Hickman| first= Matt| newspaper= The Architect's Newspaper | access-date= September 19, 2021}}</ref> In 2021, noting Gehry's progress on an increasing number of significant projects in his hometown, including the Grand Avenue Project, a concert hall for the [[Youth Orchestra Los Angeles]], and an office building for [[Warner Bros.]], ''[[The Architect's Newspaper]]'' stated that "Seventy-four years after he moved there from his native Toronto, L.A. is looking more and more like Gehry Country."<ref>{{cite news| date= September 17, 2021| url= https://www.archpaper.com/2021/09/frank-gehry-los-angeles-only-now-coming-around-to-his-brand-of-wily-artistry/ |title= Frank Gehry moved to Los Angeles 75 years ago; it's only now coming around to his brand of wily artistry
 | last= Volner| first= Ian| newspaper= The Architect's Newspaper | access-date= September 19, 2021}}</ref>

== Architectural style ==
Said to "defy categorisation", Gehry's work reflects a spirit of experimentation coupled with a respect for the demands of professional practice, and has remained largely unaligned with broader stylistic tendencies or movements.<ref name="Power-2015">{{Cite news |last=Power |first=Julie |date=6 February 2015 |title=Frank Gehry: the Mad Hatter who transformed Sydney's skyline |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/frank-gehry-the-mad-hatter-who-transformed-sydneys-skyline-20150204-134rac.html |access-date=12 September 2017 |newspaper=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> With his earliest educational influences rooted in [[modernism]], Gehry's work has sought to escape modernist stylistic tropes while remaining interested in some of its underlying transformative agendas. Continually working between given circumstances and unanticipated materializations, he has been assessed as someone who "made us produce buildings that are fun, sculpturally exciting, good experiences", although his approach may become "less relevant as pressure mounts to do more with less".<ref name="Power-2015" />

Gehry's style at times seems unfinished or even crude, but his work is consistent with the California "[[Funk art|funk]]" art movement of the 1960s and early 1970s, which featured the use of inexpensive found objects and nontraditional media such as clay to make serious art.<ref name="achille.paris">{{cite web |date=May 28, 2015 |title=Frank Owen Gehry |url=http://www.achille.paris/en/argus/designer/97 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119154003/http://www.achille.paris/en/argus/designer/97 |archive-date=November 19, 2015 |access-date=2015-09-14 |publisher=achille.paris |df=mdy-all}}</ref> His works always have at least some element of [[deconstructivism]];<ref name="WorldBuild365">{{cite web |date=29 March 2017 |title=The weird architectural world of Frank Gehry |url=https://www.worldbuild365.com/blog/the-weird-architectural-world-of-frank-gehry-TUB4hF |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402180540/https://www.worldbuild365.com/blog/the-weird-architectural-world-of-frank-gehry-TUB4hF |archive-date=April 2, 2019 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=WorldBuild365 |language=en}}</ref> he has been called "the apostle of chain-link fencing and corrugated metal siding".<ref>Adams, B. (1988) "Frank Gehry's Merzbau". ''[[Art in America]]'' 76: pp.139–144</ref> However, a retrospective exhibit at New York's [[Whitney Museum of American Art|Whitney Museum]] in 1988 revealed that he is also a sophisticated classical artist who knows European art history and contemporary sculpture and painting.<ref name="achille.paris" />

=== Early influences and design philosophy ===
Frank Gehry has often described architecture as inherently sculptural, asserting, ''[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dADH1yXvyUkC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=frank+gehry&ots=nQlP5PpLOy&sig=wGF6yzGi9yJOQujpBx8IK-pg9c0#v=onepage&q=frank%20gehry&f=false “I always thought that architecture was, by definition, a three-dimensional object, therefore sculpture.”]'' This perspective reflects his commitment to blending artistic and architectural disciplines. Gehry’s early work with sculptors influenced his experimental approach, which includes deconstructing traditional architectural forms and embracing ideas of flow and defamiliarization, akin to [https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/fish-ichthyologist-viktor-shklovskys-diverse-achievement/ Viktor Shklovsky’s concept of “laying bare the device.”] Critics often describe his work as embodying [[structuralism]] rather than traditional [[Formalism (philosophy)|formalism.]]

=== Cultural and personal influences ===
Gehry’s Jewish heritage and immigrant background have shaped his architectural philosophy. He often reinterprets traditional forms in ways that reflect his multicultural experience. His works have been described as embodying ''"a critique of consumerism"'' <ref>{{Cite book |last1=Isenberg |first1=Barbara S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cF5CivJnv2MC&dq=frank+gehry+facts&pg=PR9 |title=Conversations with Frank Gehry |last2=Gehry |first2=Frank O. |date=2009 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-307-26800-6 |language=en}}</ref>by defying expectations of luxury and focusing on creativity. For Gehry, architecture is not just about creating buildings but about crafting spaces that inspire and challenge societal norms. 

== Material innovation ==
A hallmark of Gehry's style is his innovative use of materials. He challenges architectural norms by incorporating unconventional elements such as corrugated steel, chain-link fencing, and plywood. His works are celebrated for their ''"raw aesthetic"''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Isenberg |first1=Barbara S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cF5CivJnv2MC&dq=frank+gehry+facts&pg=PR9 |title=Conversations with Frank Gehry |last2=Gehry |first2=Frank O. |date=2009 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-307-26800-6 |language=en}}</ref> that combines everyday materials in unexpected ways, [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=cF5CivJnv2MC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=frank+gehry+facts&ots=B65UYVLXqU&sig=lO85g4Hb9X7FbLCYNrd6uyJVS90#v=onepage&q&f=false creating structures that blur the line between functionality and artistry.] These material choices also reflect a critique of luxury, emphasizing creativity over opulence. 

===Gallery===
<gallery class="center" widths=200 heights=200>
File:Former Rouse Headquaters.jpg| [[The Rouse Company | Former Rouse Headquarters]] in [[Columbia, Maryland]] (1974) 
File:Merriweather Post Pavilion.jpg | [[Merriweather Post Pavilion]] in Columbia, Maryland (1967)
File:Barcelona Gehry Golden Fish 02.jpg|"El Peix", fish sculpture in front of the [[Port Olímpic]] in [[Barcelona]], Catalonia, Spain (1992)
File:Case danzanti.jpg|[[Dancing House]] in [[Prague]] (1996)
File:Aerial view of EMPSFM.jpg|The [[Museum of Pop Culture]] in [[Seattle]] (2000)
File:Gehry-Tower office building Goethestrasse Reuterstrasse Mitte Hannover Germany.jpg|[[Gehry Tower]] in [[Hanover]], Germany (2001)
File:Peter B. Lewis Bldg.JPG|[[Weatherhead School of Management]], Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (2002)
File:Disney Concert Hall by Carol Highsmith edit2.jpg|[[Walt Disney Concert Hall]] in [[Los Angeles]] (2003)
File:Bard College Fisher Center front view.jpg|[[Richard B. Fisher Center for the Performing Arts]], Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York (2003)
File:MIT Campus.jpg|[[Stata Center]], Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2004)
File:BP Bridge.jpg|[[BP Pedestrian Bridge]], Millennium Park, Chicago (2004)
File:Herford MARTa 88.jpg|[[MARTa Herford]], Herford, Germany (2005)
File:Elciego3.jpg|[[Marqués de Riscal Hotel|Hotel Marqués de Riscal]] in [[Elciego]], Spain (2006)
File:Edificio IAC InterActiveCorp.JPG|The headquarters of [[IAC (company)|IAC]] in [[Manhattan]], New York City (2007)
File:AGO at dusk.jpg|[[Art Gallery of Ontario]] in [[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada (2008)
File:Gallery AfricanAmerican.jpg|Gallery of African American Art, [[Ohr-O'Keefe Museum Of Art]] campus in [[Biloxi, Mississippi]] (2010)
File:Dr Chau Chak Wing Building from The Goods Line (27438092220).jpg|[[Dr Chau Chak Wing Building]] in [[Sydney]], Australia (2014)
File:Biomuseo panama.jpg|[[Biomuseo]] in [[Panama City]] (2014)
File:Frank Gehry - David Cabin, Idyllwild CA. 1957.jpg|David Cabin – Idyllwild, CA (1957)
File:Dus Hafen2.JPG|[[Neuer Zollhof]] - [[Düsseldorf]], Germany (1998)
File:Energie-Forum-Innovation Bad-Oeynhausen. Frank O. Gehry.jpg|Energie-Forum-Innovation in [[Bad Oeynhausen]], Germany (1995)
File:Toledo Museum of Art Center for Visual Arts.jpg |[[Toledo Museum of Art]] Center for Visual Arts in [[Toledo, Ohio]] 
File:Gehry Las Vegas.jpg|[[Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health]] in [[Las Vegas]] (2010)
File:The Grand and Conrad DTLA.jpg| The Grand and Conrad hotel in [[Los Angeles]]

</gallery>

===Bilbao effect===
[[File:Bilbao - Guggenheim 43.jpg|thumb|The [[Guggenheim Museum Bilbao|Guggenheim Museum]] in [[Bilbao]], Spain]]

The term [[Starchitect#The Bilbao effect|"Bilbao effect"]] emerged in urban planning to describe the transformative impact of Gehry’s architecture. His design for the [[List of Guggenheim Museums|Guggenheim Museum]] in [[Bilbao|Bilbao, Spain]], revitalized the city, serving as a prime example of how architecture can drive economic and cultural renewal. The museum’s dramatic curves and shimmering titanium panels are defining features of Gehry’s style, emphasizing movement and fluidity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Moore |first=Rowan |date=2017-10-01 |title=The Bilbao effect: how Frank Gehry's Guggenheim started a global craze |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/oct/01/bilbao-effect-frank-gehry-guggenheim-global-craze |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bilbao Effect : How the Design of a Museum Transformed The Economy of The City |url=https://www.snaptrude.com/blog/the-bilbao-effect-how-the-design-of-a-museum-transformed-the-economy-of-the-city |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=www.snaptrude.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-01 |title=How Frank Gehry Delivers On Time and On Budget |url=https://hbr.org/2023/01/how-frank-gehry-delivers-on-time-and-on-budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906230759/https://hbr.org/2023/01/how-frank-gehry-delivers-on-time-and-on-budget |archive-date=September 6, 2024 |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=Harvard Business Review |url-status=live }}</ref> 

After the phenomenal success of Gehry's design for the [[Guggenheim Museum Bilbao|Guggenheim Museum]] in [[Bilbao]], Spain, critics began referring to the economic and cultural revitalization of cities through iconic, innovative architecture as the "Bilbao effect".<ref>{{cite news| author-link= Witold Rybczynski| last= Rybczynski| first= Witold | date= September 2002| title= The Bilbao Effect| url= https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2002/09/the-bilbao-effect/302582/| work= [[The Atlantic]]| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref> In the first 12 months after the museum was opened, an estimated US$160&nbsp;million were added to the Basque economy. As of 2014, over $3.5 billion have been added to the Basque economy since the building opened.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://jewishbusinessnews.com/2014/12/25/bilbaos-economy-purrs-from-effect-of-guggenheim-museum/ | work= [[Jewish Business News]]| title= Bilbao's Economy Purrs From Effect of Guggenheim Museum| first= Eli| last= Horn| date= December 25, 2014| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref> In subsequent years there have been many attempts to replicate this effect through large-scale eye-catching architectural commissions that have been both successful and unsuccessful, such as [[Daniel Libeskind]]'s expansion of the [[Denver Art Museum]] and buildings by Gehry himself, such as the almost universally well-received Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles and the more controversial [[Museum of Pop Culture]] in Seattle.<ref>{{cite news| last= Rybczynski| first= Witold| date= November 22, 2008| url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122731149503149341 |title= When Buildings Try Too Hard| work= [[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Though some link the concept of the Bilbao effect to the notion of starchitecture, Gehry has consistently rejected the label of a [[starchitect]].<ref name="Archdaily">{{cite web|url= http://www.archdaily.com/455368/frank-gehry-i-m-not-a-starchitect/ |title= Frank Gehry: 'I'm Not a Starchitect' |website= Archdaily.com |date= December 8, 2013 |first= James |last= Taylor-Foster| access-date= 2013-12-08}}</ref>

==Academia and design career==

===Academia===
In January 2011, Gehry joined the University of Southern California (USC) faculty, as the [[Robert M. Widney|Judge Widney]] Professor of Architecture.<ref>{{cite web |author= USC News |title= Architect Frank Gehry Named Judge Widney Professor (press release) |url= http://uscnews.usc.edu/university/architect_frank_gehry_named_judge_widney_professor.html |date= January 18, 2011 |access-date= 2011-01-18 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110122084702/http://uscnews.usc.edu/university/architect_frank_gehry_named_judge_widney_professor.html |archive-date= January 22, 2011 |df= mdy-all}}</ref> He has since continued in this role at his alma mater. He has also held teaching positions at [[Harvard University]], the [[University of California at Los Angeles]], the [[University of Toronto]], [[Columbia University]], the [[Federal Institute of Technology]] in [[Zürich]], and at [[Yale University]], where he still teaches as of 2017.<ref>[http://architecture.yale.edu/faculty/frank-o-gehry "Frank O. Gehry"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218123105/http://architecture.yale.edu/faculty/frank-o-gehry |date=February 18, 2017 }} [[Yale School of Architecture]] website</ref>

Though he is often referred to as a "[[starchitect]]", he has repeatedly expressed his disdain for the term, insisting he is only an architect.<ref name="Archdaily"/><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/architecture/frank-gehry-dont-call-me-a-starchitect-1842870.html |title= Frank Gehry: 'Don't Call Me a Starchitect' |newspaper= [[The Independent]] |date= December 17, 2009 |access-date= 2013-12-08 |archive-date= June 21, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170621183522/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/architecture/frank-gehry-dont-call-me-a-starchitect-1842870.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> [[Steven B. Sample|Steve Sample]], [[President of the University of Southern California]], told Gehry that "...After [[George Lucas]], you are our most prominent graduate".

{{As of|December 2013}}, Gehry has received over a dozen honorary university degrees (see [[#Honorary doctorates]]).

In February 2017, MasterClass announced an online architecture course taught by Gehry that was released that July.<ref>{{cite news |author= Kaller, Hadlet |title= Now Anyone Can Take a Class with Frank Gehry |url= http://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/master-class-with-frank-gehry |date= February 17, 2017 |newspaper = [[Architectural Digest]]|access-date= 2017-03-18}}</ref>

===Exhibition design===
Gehry has been involved in exhibition designs at the [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]] dating back to the 1960s. In 1965, Gehry designed the exhibition display for the "Art Treasures of Japan" exhibition at the LACMA. This was followed soon after by the exhibition design for the "Assyrian Reliefs" show in 1966 and the "Billy Al Bengston Retrospective" in 1968. The LACMA then had Gehry design the installation for the "Treasures of Tutankhamen" exhibition in 1978 followed by the "Avant-Garde in Russia 1910–1930" exhibition in 1980. The subsequent year, Gehry designed the exhibition for "Seventeen Artists in the '60s" at the LACMA, followed soon after by the "German Expressionist Sculpture Exhibition" in 1983. In 1991–92, Gehry designed the installation of the landmark exhibition "Degenerate Art: The Fate of the Avant-Garde in Nazi Germany", which opened at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and traveled to the [[Art Institute of Chicago]], the [[Smithsonian Institution]] in Washington, and the [[Altes Museum]] in Berlin.<ref>Muchnic, Suzanne (February 6, 1992), [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-02-06-ca-1904-story.html "LACMA 'Degenerate' Exhibit to Make a Stop in Germany"] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''</ref><ref>Wilson, William (February 15, 1991) [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-02-15-ca-1169-story.html "Revisiting the Unthinkable: Nazi Germany's 'Degenerate Art' Show at LACMA"] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''</ref> Gehry was asked to design an exhibition on the work of [[Alexander Calder]] at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art's Resnick Pavilion, again invited by the museum's curator Stephanie Barron.<ref>Fleishman, Jeffrey (February 28, 2014) [https://web.archive.org/web/20140303104951/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-frank-gehry-calder-lacma-20140302,0,3478820,full.story "Frank Gehry and Alexander Calder, a captivating union at LACMA"] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''</ref> The exhibition began on November 24, 2013, and ran through July 27, 2014.

In addition to his long-standing involvement with exhibition design at the LACMA, Gehry has also designed numerous exhibition installations with other institutions. In 1998, "The Art of the Motorcycle" exhibition opened at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum with its installation designed by Gehry. This exhibition subsequently traveled to the [[Field Museum of Natural History]] in Chicago, the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and the [[Guggenheim Las Vegas]].

In 2014, he curated an exhibition of photography by his close friend and businessman Peter Arnell that ran from March 5 through April 1 at Milk Studios Gallery in Los Angeles.<ref name="artinfo">{{cite news |url=http://blogs.artinfo.com/objectlessons/2014/03/10/when-architects-curate-frank-gehrys-peter-arnell-retrospective-at-milk-studios-has-a-personal-touch/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415013631/http://blogs.artinfo.com/objectlessons/2014/03/10/when-architects-curate-frank-gehrys-peter-arnell-retrospective-at-milk-studios-has-a-personal-touch/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-04-15 |title=When Architects Curate: Frank Gehry's Peter Arnell Retrospective at Milk Studios &#124; Object Lessons |publisher=Blouin Artinfo |access-date=2015-09-14 }}</ref>

===Stage design===
In 1983, Gehry created the stage design for [[Lucinda Childs]]' dance ''Available Light'', set to music by [[John Adams (composer)|John Adams]]. It premiered at the [[Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles]] at the "Temporary Contemporary", and was subsequently seen at the [[Brooklyn Academy of Music]] Opera House in New York City and the [[Theatre de la Ville]] in Paris. The set consisted of two levels angled in relation to each other, with a chain-link backdrop.<ref>Lazar, Julie (1983) "Interview: Frank Gehry" in ''Available Light'' [[Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles]]. {{ISBN|0-914357-01-8}}</ref> The piece was revived in 2015,<ref>Lazar, Julie (June 3, 2015) [https://www.kcet.org/shows/artbound/available-light-returns-to-the-stage-after-three-decades "'Available Light' Returns to the Stage After Three Decades"] [[KCET]]</ref> and was performed, among other places, in Los Angeles and Philadelphia, where it was presented by FringeArts, which commissioned the revival.<ref>[http://fringearts.com/event/available-light/#description "Available Light"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220161654/http://fringearts.com/event/available-light/#description |date=December 20, 2016 }} FringeArts</ref>

In 2003, Gehry designed the set for the American premiere of Janáček's opera ''Osud'' at the Gehry-designed Fisher Center at Bard College.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Midgette |first1=Anne |title=Opera review: Janacek's Search for Art in Real Life |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/29/arts/opera-review-janacek-s-search-for-art-in-real-life.html|work=The New York Times |date=July 29, 2003 |access-date=3 April 2025}}</ref>

In 2012, Gehry designed the set for the [[Los Angeles Philharmonic]]'s opera production of ''[[Don Giovanni]]'', performed at the Walt Disney Concert Hall.

In April 2014, Gehry designed a set for an "exploration of the life and career of [[Pierre Boulez]]" by the [[Chicago Symphony Orchestra]], which was performed in November of that year.<ref name="broadwayworld">{{cite web| author=Staff| date=April 23, 2014|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwclassical/article/Architect-Frank-Gehry-to-Create-Set-Design-for-Chicago-Symphony-Orchestra-Focused-on-Pierre-Boulez-20140423#.U1x9fI57SxI |title=Architect Frank Gehry to Create Set Design for Chicago Symphony Orchestra Focused on Pierre Boulez|website=Broadway World|access-date=2015-09-14}}</ref>

===Other designs===
[[File:Ngv design, frank o. gehry, wiggle side chair, 1972.JPG|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Wiggle side chair]]
In addition to architecture, Gehry has made a line of furniture for [[Knoll, Inc.|Knoll]] and for [[Heller Furniture]], jewelry for [[Tiffany & Co.]], various household items, sculptures, and even a glass bottle for [[Wyborowa|Wyborowa Vodka]]. His first line of furniture, produced from 1969 to 1973, was called "[[Easy Edges]]", constructed out of [[Cardboard (paper product)|cardboard]]. Another line of furniture released in the spring of 1992 is "[[Bentwood Furniture]]". Each piece is named after a different hockey term. He was first introduced to making furniture in 1954 while serving in the [[U.S.&nbsp;Army]], where he designed furniture for enlisted soldiers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Templer |first=Karen |date=1999-10-05 |title=Frank Gehry |url=https://www.salon.com/1999/10/05/gehry/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Salon |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-27 |title=West Los Angeles VA breaks ground on 374 units with help from Frank Gehry |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/06/27/west-los-angeles-va-breaks-ground-on-374-units-with-help-from-frank-gehry/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eng |first=Dinah |title=Architect Frank Gehry: How I Got Started |url=https://fortune.com/2018/10/26/frank-gehry-architect-interview/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref>

In many of his designs, Gehry is inspired by fish. "It was by accident I got into the fish image", claimed Gehry. One thing that sparked his interest in fish was the fact that his colleagues were recreating Greek temples. He said, "Three hundred million years before man was fish....if you gotta go back, and you're insecure about going forward...go back three hundred million years ago. Why are you stopping at the Greeks? So, I started drawing fish in my sketchbook, and then I started to realize that there was something in it."<ref>[[Sydney Pollack|Pollack, Sydney]] (dir.) (1985) ''[[American Masters]]: Sketches of Frank Gehry'' [https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/gehry_pop/fish.html (TV documentary)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616132713/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/gehry_pop/fish.html |date=June 16, 2017 }} [[PBS]]. access-date=2008-11-17</ref>

As a result of his fascination, the first Fish Lamps were fabricated between 1984 and 1986. They employed wire armatures molded into fish shapes, onto which shards of plastic laminate ColorCore are individually glued. Since the creation of the first lamp in 1984, the fish has become a recurrent motif in Gehry's work, most notably in the ''Fish Sculpture'' at [[La Vila Olímpica del Poblenou]] in Barcelona (1989–92) and ''Standing Glass Fish'' for the [[Minneapolis Sculpture Garden]] (1986).<ref>[http://www.gagosian.com/exhibitions/frank-gehry--november-07-2013 "Frank Gehry: Fish Lamps, November 7 – December 21, 2013"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111140419/http://www.gagosian.com/exhibitions/frank-gehry--november-07-2013 |date=November 11, 2013 }} [[Gagosian Gallery]], London</ref>
[[File:Frank gehry per alessi spa., bollitore pito, 1988.jpg|thumb|Frank Gehry designed kettle, presented in the [[Indianapolis Museum of Art]]]]
Gehry has previously collaborated with luxury jewelry company Tiffany & Co., creating six distinct jewelry collections: the Orchid, Fish, Torque, Equus, Axis, and Fold collections. In addition to jewelry, Gehry designed other items, including a distinctive collector's chess set and a series of tableware items, including vases, cups, and bowls for the company.<ref name="gizmodo">{{cite web |url=https://gizmodo.com/5905941/frank-gehrys-tiffany-chess-set-is-a-miniature-architectural-marvel |title=Frank Gehry's Tiffany Chess Set Is a Miniature Architectural Marvel |website=[[Gizmodo]] |date=April 28, 2012 |access-date=2015-09-14 |archive-date=July 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705203149/http://gizmodo.com/5905941/frank-gehrys-tiffany-chess-set-is-a-miniature-architectural-marvel |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2004, Gehry designed the official trophy for the [[World Cup of Hockey]].<ref>{{cite news | title=Frank Gehry's World Cup of Hockey Trophy |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3888076 |access-date= 2014-10-24 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first= Noah |last=Adams |date= September 3, 2004}}</ref> He redesigned the trophy for the next tournament in 2016.<ref>{{cite news|author=Seravalli, Frank| url=https://www.tsn.ca/world-cup-of-hockey-trophy-gets-facelift-1.574820 |title=World Cup of Hockey Trophy Gets a Facelift |newspaper=[[The Sports Network]]|access-date=2017-03-16}}</ref>

He has collaborated with American furniture manufacturer [[Emeco]] on designs such as the 2004 "Superlight" chair.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Superlight chair |url=https://www.sfmoma.org/artwork/2005.168/ |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=SFMOMA |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Emeco Designers – Frank Gehry |url=https://www.emeco.net/about/design/frank-gehry |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=Emeco Industries Inc.}}</ref>

In 2014, Gehry was one of the six "iconoclasts" selected by French fashion house Louis Vuitton to design a piece using their iconic monogram pattern as part of their "Celebrating Monogram" campaign.<ref name="monogram">{{cite web |url= http://celebrating.monogram.lv/eng_US/ |title= Louis Vuitton: Celebrating Monogram Project |publisher= celebrating.monogram.lv| access-date= 2015-09-14}}</ref>

In 2015, Gehry designed his first yacht.<ref>{{cite news |title= Frank Gehry's First-Ever Yacht Looks Like Nothing You've Ever Seen |url= http://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/sporting/news/a3650/gehry-yacht-foggy/| access-date= 2015-10-13 |work= [[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]] |first= Vicky |last= Ward | author-link=Vicky Ward|date= October 5, 2015}}</ref>

In 2020, Gehry designed a limited edition bottle of [[Hennessy]] cognac.<ref>{{cite news |title= Frank Gehry forges crinkled gold bottle to mark 150th anniversary of Hennessy X.O |url= https://www.dezeen.com/2020/09/25/hennessy-x-o-150th-anniversary-frank-gehry-bottle/| access-date= 2021-09-19 |work= Dezeen |first= Tom |last= Ravenscroft | author-link=Vicky Ward|date= September 25, 2020}}</ref>

===Software development===
Gehry's firm was responsible for innovation in architectural software.<ref>{{cite news | title=New York Times: Frank Gehry's Software Keeps Buildings on Budget |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/11/business/11gehry.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 | access-date= 2012-12-13 |newspaper= [[The New York Times]] |first=Alec |last= Appelbaum | date= February 11, 2009}}</ref> His firm spun off another firm called Gehry Technologies that was established in 2002. In 2005, Gehry Technologies began a partnership with [[Dassault Systèmes]] to bring innovations from the aerospace and manufacturing world to AEC and developed [[Digital Project]] software, as well as GTeam software. In 2014, Gehry Technologies was acquired by software company [[Trimble Navigation]].<ref>Ferro, Shaunacy (September 11, 2014), [http://www.fastcodesign.com/3035628/fast-feed/frank-gehrys-software-company-acquired Frank Gehry's Software Company Acquired] ''[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]]''.</ref> Its client list includes [[Diller Scofidio + Renfro]], [[Herzog & de Meuron]], [[Jean Nouvel]], [[Coop Himmelb(l)au]], and [[Zaha Hadid]].

==Personal life==
A naturalized U.S. citizen,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Phillips |first=Susan P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IlONAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA205 |title=Displays!: Dynamic Design Ideas for Your Library Step by Step |publisher=McFarland |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-7864-8707-3 |pages=205 |language=en}}</ref> he also remains a citizen of Canada.<ref>LaRose, Lauren (December 3, 2016) [https://ipolitics.ca/2016/12/03/canadian-american-architect-frank-gehry-very-worried-about-donald-trump/ "Canadian-American architect Frank Gehry 'very worried' about Donald Trump"] ''[[iPolitics]]''</ref> He lives in [[Santa Monica, California]], and continues to practice out of Los Angeles.<ref>[https://archinect.com/gehry "Gehry Partners, LLP"] Archinect</ref> Having grown up in Canada, he is an avid fan of [[ice hockey]]. He began a hockey league, FOG (for Frank Owen Gehry), in his office, though he no longer plays with them.<ref name="goldberger">Goldberger (2015)</ref> In 2004, he designed the trophy for the [[World Cup of Hockey]].<ref>Baurick, Tristan (May 13, 2004). "Architect's love of the game inspiration behind Cup trophy", ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'', p. C2.</ref> 

Gehry is known for his occasional bad temper. During a trip to [[Oviedo|Oviedo, Spain]] to accept the [[Prince of Asturias Award]] in October 2014, he received a significant amount of attention, both positive and negative, for publicly [[The finger|flipping off]] a reporter at a press conference who accused him of being a "showy" architect.<ref>{{cite news |last= Schledahl |first=Peter |title= Frank Gehry's Digital Defiance |url= https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/frank-gehry-digital-defiance| access-date= October 27, 2014 |newspaper= [[The New Yorker]] |date= 2014-10-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=McKenny |first= Leesha |title= Frank Gehry gives the finger in response to accusations of "showy architecture" | url= https://www.smh.com.au/nsw/frank-gehry-gives-the-finger-in-response-to-accusations-of-showy-architecture-20141027-11cbkg.html| access-date= 2014-10-27 |newspaper= [[Sydney Morning Herald]] |date= October 27, 2014}}</ref>

Gehry is a member of the California Yacht Club in [[Marina Del Rey, California|Marina Del Rey]], and enjoys sailing with his fiberglass-hulled yacht, ''Foggy''.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news |author= Browne, Alix |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/19/style/tmagazine/19boats.html| title=Love for Sail| newspaper= [[The New York Times]]| date= April 19, 2009 |access-date= 2015-09-14}}</ref>

== Philanthropy ==
In 2014, Gehry co-founded Turnaround Arts: California, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that expands access to the arts in under-resourced public elementary and middle schools across California.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=2021-04-13 |title='What Would I Do?' Frank Gehry, 92, Is Too Busy to Retire |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/13/arts/design/frank-gehry.html?unlocked_article_code=1.3U4.vWi2.khdSuaNhw-83&smid=url-share |access-date=2025-03-12 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Gehry |first1=Frank |last2=Shriver |first2=Malissa Feruzzi |date=2020-12-21 |title=Our Kids Need Arts Education Now More Than Ever |url=https://time.com/5923031/arts-education/ |access-date=2025-03-12 |magazine=TIME |language=en}}</ref> In addition to serving as a board member for the organization, Gehry has served as a visiting artist with students.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perrottet |first=Tony |date=2019-04-24 |title=At 90, Frank Gehry Is Juggling More Than Ever |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/at-90-frank-gehry-is-juggling-more-than-ever-11556109269 |access-date=2025-03-12 |work=Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660}}</ref> He also serves on the leadership council of the [[New York Stem Cell Foundation]].<ref name="nyscf">{{cite web |url= https://nyscf.org/about-us/boards-councils/leadership-council |title= Leadership Council |publisher= New York Stem Cell Foundation |access-date= 2015-09-14 |archive-date= May 19, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150519041205/http://nyscf.org/about-us/boards-councils/leadership-council |url-status= dead }}</ref>

Gehry has also donated his time to design projects pro-bono. In 2014, he began pro-bono work with the L.A. River Revitalization Corp., a nonprofit group founded by the city, to develop the LA River Master Plan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hawthorne |first1=Christopher |title=Frank Gehry agreed to make over the L.A. River -- with one big condition |work=The Los Angeles Times |date=August 9, 2015}}</ref> In 2015, he unveiled his design, for which he waved his design fee, for the Children's Institute in Watts, an LA-based social services organization that provides services to families who have experienced violence and poverty.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miranda |first1=Carolina |title=A Gehry First: The architect sets his sights on Watts in a pro-bono project that bridges his design skills and philanthropy. It was completed in 2022. |work=The Los Angeles Times |date=September 12, 2015}}</ref> The Youth Orchestra Los Angeles (YOLA), which is an educational center and performance space that provides free instruments, music training, and academic support to students from disadvantaged neighborhoods, was also designed pro-bono by Gehry and was completed in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bernstein |first1=Fred |title=Frank Gehry Transforms a Former Bank Building in Inglewood for the Youth Orchestra of Los Angeles: The project marks the latest pro bono gig for the starchitect |work=Architectural Digest |publisher=Condé Nast |date=August 11, 2021}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
In 2004, Gehry voiced himself in an episode of the children's TV&nbsp;show ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'', where he helped Arthur and his friends design a new [[treehouse]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Booth |first=John |url= https://www.wired.com/geekdad/2011/10/arthur/|title= The 15 Geekiest Episodes of PBS's Arthur |magazine= [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date= October 10, 2011| access-date=2013-08-14}}</ref> He also voiced himself in a 2005 episode of ''[[The Simpsons]],'' "[[The Seven-Beer Snitch]]", where he designs a concert hall for the fictional city of Springfield. He has since said he regrets the appearance, as it included a joke about his design technique that has led people to misunderstand his architectural process.<ref name=Chaban>{{cite news |last=Chaban |first= Matt |title= Frank Gehry Really, Really Regrets His Guest Appearance on The Simpsons| url= https://observer.com/2011/09/frank-gehry-regrets-his-guest-appearance-the-simpsons/| access-date=2011-09-10 |newspaper= [[The New York Observer]] |date= September 5, 2011}}</ref>

In 2006, filmmaker [[Sydney Pollack]] made a documentary about Gehry's work, ''[[Sketches of Frank Gehry]],'' which followed Gehry over five years and painted a positive portrait of his character; it was well-received critically.<ref>[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sketches_of_frank_gehry/ ''Sketches of Frank Gehry'']. [[Rotten Tomatoes]].</ref>

In 2009, architecture-inspired [[ice cream sandwich]] company [[Coolhaus]] named a cookie and ice cream combination after Gehry. Dubbed the "Frank Behry", it features Strawberries & Cream [[gelato]] and [[snickerdoodle]] cookies.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://fwx.foodandwine.com/food/how-construct-epic-ice-cream-sandwich-architect |title= How to Construct an Epic Ice Cream Sandwich Like an Architect |author= Staff |date= May 20, 2014 |newspaper= [[Food & Wine]] |access-date= 2014-10-29 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141029213048/http://fwx.foodandwine.com/food/how-construct-epic-ice-cream-sandwich-architect |archive-date= October 29, 2014 |df= mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://coolhaus.blogspot.com/2009/12/frank-behry-tribute-video.html |title= Frank Behry Tribute Video! |author= Coolhaus |date= December 2, 2009 |website= [[Blogspot]] |access-date= 2014-10-29|author-link= Coolhaus }}</ref>

==Works==
{{Main|List of works by Frank Gehry}}

===Exhibitions===
In October 2014, the first major European exhibition of Gehry's work debuted at the [[Centre Pompidou]] in Paris.<ref>{{cite news |title= An Architect's Big Parisian Moment Two Shows for Frank Gehry, as His Vuitton Foundation Opens |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/21/arts/design/two-shows-for-frank-gehry-as-his-vuitton-foundation-opens.html |access-date= 2014-10-24 |newspaper= The New York Times | first= Joseph |last= Giovannini |date= October 20, 2014}}</ref> Other museums and major galleries that have held exhibitions on Gehry's architecture and design include the Leo Castelli Gallery in 1983; and the Walker Art Center in 1986, whose exhibition then traveled to the Toronto Harbourfront Museum, the [[Contemporary Arts Museum Houston]], the [[High Museum of Art]] in [[Atlanta]], the LACMA and the [[Whitney Museum]]. Museums with exhibitions on Gehry's work have included the [[Philadelphia Art Museum]], the [[Museum of Modern Art]] (1992), the [[Gagosian Gallery]] (1984, 1992 and 1993), the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]] (2001), the [[Guggenheim Museum Bilbao]] (2002), the [[Jewish Museum (Manhattan)|Jewish Museum]] in Manhattan (2010), and the [[Milan Triennale]] (first in [[Milan Triennial XVII|1988]], then in 2010 with an exhibition entitled "Frank Gehry from 1997"), and [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art|LACMA]] (2015).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.lacma.org/node/21616#landing |title= Frank Gehry – LACMA |publisher= [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]] |access-date= October 14, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151015050301/http://www.lacma.org/node/21616#landing |archive-date= October 15, 2015 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

Gehry participated in the 1980 Venice Biennale's [[The Presence of the Past]] exhibition, designing an architectural facade for the ''Strada Novissima'' installation. He also contributed to the 1985 Venice Biennale with an installation and performance named ''Il Corso del Coltello,'' in collaboration with Claes Oldenburg. His projects were featured in the 1996 event, and contributed to the 2008 event with the installation ''Ungapatchket''.

In October 2015, [[21 21 Design Sight]] in Tokyo held the exhibition ''Frank Gehry. I Have An Idea'', curated by Japanese architect Tsuyoshi Tane.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.domusweb.it/en/architecture/2015/11/04/frank_gehry_i_have_an_idea.html |title= Frank Gehry: I have an idea |website= domusweb.it| publisher= Editoriale Domus Spa| first1= Rafael A. |last1= Balboa| first2= Federico| last2= Scaroni | date= November 4, 2015| access-date= March 8, 2017}}</ref>

In 2021, the [[Gagosian Gallery]] in [[Beverly Hills]] held ''Spinning Tales'', an exhibition of new fish sculptures by Gehry.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.archpaper.com/2021/07/frank-gehry-spinning-tales-new-sculptures-at-the-beverly-hills-gagosian-gallery/ |title= Frank Gehry's Spinning Tales shows off new sculptures at the Beverly Hills Gagosian gallery | publisher= The Architect's Newspaper| first= Shane | last= Reiner-Roth | date= July 7, 2021| access-date= September 19, 2021}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
{{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage=[[File:Frank O. Gehry - Parc des Ateliers.jpg|210px]]
| video1 = [https://www.ted.com/talks/frank_gehry_my_days_as_a_young_rebel Frank Gehry: My days as a young rebel], 44:28, [[TED (conference)|TED Talks]]<ref name="ted1">{{cite web |title= Frank Gehry: My days as a young rebel |publisher=[[TED (conference)|TED Talks]] |date =1990 |url= https://www.ted.com/talks/frank_gehry_my_days_as_a_young_rebel | access-date =September 29, 2015}}</ref>
| video2 = [https://www.ted.com/talks/frank_gehry_a_master_architect_asks_now_what Frank Gehry: A master architect asks, Now what?], 21:56, [[TED (conference)|TED Talks]]<ref name="ted2">{{cite web | title =Frank Gehry: A master architect asks, Now what? | publisher =[[TED (conference)|TED Talks]] | date =2002 | url =https://www.ted.com/talks/frank_gehry_a_master_architect_asks_now_what | access-date =September 29, 2015 }}</ref> }}

* 1974: Fellow of the American Institute of Architects<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Jean-Louis |title=Catalogue Raisonné of the Drawings |date=2020 |publisher=Cahiers d'art |location=Paris}}</ref>
* 1977: Arnold W. Brunner Prize in Architecture<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Jean-Louis |title=Catalogue Raisonné of the Drawings |date=2020 |publisher=Cahiers d'art |location=Paris}}</ref>
* 1986: Distinguished Architect Award from the American Institute of Architects (Los Angeles Chapter)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dal Co |first1=Francesco |title=Frank O. Gehry: The Complete Works |date=2003 |publisher=Electaarchitecture ; Distributed by Phaidon Press |location=Milano, [London]}}</ref>
* 1987: Fellow of American Academy of Arts and Letters
* 1988: Elected into the [[National Academy of Design]]
* 1989: [[Pritzker Architecture Prize]]
* 1992: [[Praemium Imperiale]]
* 1994: [[The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize]] 
* 1994: [[Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture]]
* 1995: [[American Academy of Achievement]]'s Golden Plate Award<ref name="achievement"/>
* 1995: Chrysler Award of Innovation in Design<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dal Co |first1=Francesco |title=Frank O. Gehry: The Complete Works |date=2003 |publisher=Electaarchitecture ; Distributed by Phaidon Press |location=Milan, [London] |isbn=9781904313151}}</ref>
* 1998: [[National Medal of Arts]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nea.gov/honors/medals/medalists_year.html#98 |title=Lifetime Honors – National Medal of Arts |publisher=[[National Endowment for the Arts]] |access-date=2011-08-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806021102/http://www.nea.gov/honors/medals/medalists_year.html |archive-date=2011-08-06 }}</ref>
* 1998: Inaugural [[Frederick Kiesler#Legacy|Austrian Frederick Kiesler Prize for Architecture and the Arts]]
* 1998: Gold Medal Award, Royal Architectural Institute of Canada
* 1999: [[AIA Gold Medal]], American Institute of Architects
* 2000: Cooper–Hewitt [[National Design Awards|National Design Award]] Lifetime Achievement<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.cooperhewitt.org/NDA/WINNERS/2000/LIFETIMEACHIEVEMENT/index.shtml |title= Lifetime Achievement Winner: Frank Gehry |publisher= [[Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum]] |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100925164117/http://cooperhewitt.org/NDA/WINNERS/2000/LIFETIMEACHIEVEMENT/index.shtml |archive-date= September 25, 2010 |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
* 2002: [[Companion of the Order of Canada]] (CC)<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/146-1875 |title= Companion of the Order of Canada |publisher= [[Governor General of Canada]] |access-date= 2015-09-14}}</ref>
* 2004: [[Woodrow Wilson Awards#Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service|Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service]]
* 2006: Inductee, [[California Hall of Fame]]
* 2007: [[Henry C. Turner Prize for Innovation in Construction Technology]] from the [[National Building Museum]] (on behalf of Gehry Partners and Gehry Technologies)
* 2009: [[Order of Charlemagne]]
* 2012: [[Twenty-five Year Award]], American Institute of Architects
* 2014: [[Prince of Asturias Awards|Prince of Asturias Award]]
* 2014: Commandeur of the Ordre National de la Légion d'honneur, France
* 2015: [[J. Paul Getty Trust|J. Paul Getty Medal]]
* 2016: Harvard Arts Medal
* 2016: Leonore and Walter Annenberg Award for Diplomacy through the Arts, Foundation for Arts and Preservation in Embassies
* 2016: [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]
* 2018: Neutra Medal<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://env.cpp.edu/arc/neutra-award | title=Neutra Award &#124; Department of Architecture &#124; College of Environmental Design – Cal Poly Pomona}}</ref>
* 2019: Inductee, Canada's Walk of Fame
* 2020: [[Paez Medal of Art]], New York City (VAEA)<ref>{{Cite web|title=FRANK GEHRY is one of the two recipient of VAEA's Paez Medal of Art 2020|url=http://vaearts.org/US/archives/15487|access-date=2020-11-18|website=VAEA|language=en-US|archive-date=October 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027165713/http://vaearts.org/US/archives/15487|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Gehry was elected to the College of Fellows of the [[American Institute of Architects]] (AIA) in 1974,<ref>{{cite web|website=[[Pacific Coast Architecture Database]]|url= https://pcad.lib.washington.edu/person/144/|title=Frank Owen Gehry (Architect)|access-date=27 January 2024}}</ref> and he has received many national, regional and local AIA awards. He is a senior fellow of the [[Design Futures Council]] and serves on the steering committee of the [[Aga Khan Award for Architecture]].

===Honorary degrees===
* 1987: [[California Institute of the Arts]]
* 1987: [[Rhode Island School of Design]]
* 1989: [[Otis College of Art and Design]]
* 1989: [[Technical University of Nova Scotia]]
* 1993: [[Occidental College]]
* 1995: [[Whittier College]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whittier.edu/alumni/poetnation/honorary|title=Honorary Degrees {{!}} Whittier College|website=www.whittier.edu|access-date=2020-02-19}}</ref>
* 1996: Southern California Institute of Architecture<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dal Co |first1=Francesco |title=Frank O. Gehry: The Complete Works |date=2003 |publisher=Electaarchitecture ; Distributed by Phaidon Press |location=Milano, [London]}}</ref>
* 1998: [[University of Toronto]]
* 2000: [[Harvard University]]
* 2000: [[University of Edinburgh]]
* 2000: [[University of Southern California]]
* 2000: [[Yale University]]
* 2002: [[City College of New York]]
* 2004: [[School of the Art Institute of Chicago]]
* 2013: [[Case Western Reserve University]]
* 2013: [[Princeton University]]
* 2014: [[Juilliard School]]
* 2015: [[University of Technology Sydney]]
* 2017: [[University of Oxford]]
* 2019: [[Southern California Institute of Architecture]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciarc.edu/news/2019/sci-arc-presents-world-renowned-architect-frank-gehry-with-honorary-degree|title=Honorary Degrees {{!}} SCI-Arc Presents World-Renowned Architect Frank Gehry with Honorary Degree|website=www.sciarc.edu|access-date=2019-10-01}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Architecture}}
* [[Contemporary architecture]]
* [[Organization of the artist]]
* [[Thin-shell structure]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |first1=Francesco |last1=Dal Co |first2=Kurt W. |last2=Forster |first3=Hadley |last3=Arnold |place=New York |title=Frank O. Gehry: The Complete Works |publisher=The Monacelli Press|year=1998 |isbn=978-1-885254-63-4}}
* {{cite book |publisher=Guggenheim Publications |date=May 2001 |first1=Frank O. |last1=Gehry |first2=Beatriz |last2=Colomina |author-link2=Beatriz Colomina|first3=Mildred |last3=Friedman |first4=William J. |last4=Mitchell |author-link4=William J. Mitchell|first5=J. Fiona |last5=Ragheb |first6=Jean-Louis |last6=Cohen |author7=Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum|author8-link=Museo Guggenheim Bilbao |author8=Museo Guggenheim Bilbao|title=Frank Gehry Architect |type=Hardcover |pages=390|isbn=978-0-8109-6929-2|author7-link=Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum }}
* {{Cite book |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Goldberger |year=2015 |title=Building Art: The Life and Work of Frank Gehry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eFKwBgAAQBAJ |location=New York |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-307-70153-4 |oclc=913514521}}
* Rattenbury, Kester (2006). ''Architects Today'' Laurence King Publishers. {{ISBN|978-1-85669-492-6}}.
* Staff (1995). [https://www.amazon.com/El-Croquis-74-1995-1991-1995/dp/B000QB4P68 "Frank Gehry 1991-1995"]. ''[[El Croquis]]''.

== Further reading ==
{{Library resources box|by=yes|onlinebooks=no|about=yes|wikititle=Frank Gehry}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bletter |first1=Rosemarie Haag |author2=Walker Art Center |title=The Architecture of Frank Gehry |year=1986 |place=New York |publisher=Rizzoli |isbn=0-8478-0763-0 |author2-link=Walker Art Center |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/architectureoffr00gehr }} {{ISBN|978-0-8478-0763-5}}.
* {{cite book |last=Gehry |first=Frank O. |title=Gehry Draws |publisher=Violette Editions |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-900828-10-9}}
* {{cite book |last1=Richardson |first1=Sara S. |title=Frank O. Gehry: A Bibliography |place=Monticello, Ill. |publisher=Vance Bibliographies |year=1987 |isbn=1-55590-145-X}}
* {{cite book |last1=Sorkin |first1=Michael |editor-last1=Friedman |editor-first1=Mildred |title=Gehry Talks: Architecture + Process |type=Hardcover |place=New York |publisher=Rizzoli |edition=1st |date=December 17, 1999 |isbn=978-0-8478-2165-5}}
* {{cite book |last1=van Bruggen |first1=Coosje |title=Frank O. Gehry: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao |type=Hardcover |publisher=Guggenheim Museum Pubns |edition=1st |date=December 30, 1999 |place=New York |orig-year=1997 |isbn=978-0-8109-6907-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/frankogehrygugge0000brug }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Frank Gehry}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://www.foga.com Gehry Partners, LLP], Gehry's architecture firm
* [http://www.gehrytechnologies.com Gehry Technologies, Inc.], Gehry's technology firm
* {{TED speaker}}
* {{Charlie Rose view|415}}
* {{IMDb name|0962197}}
* {{Guardian topic}}
* {{NYT topic|people/g/frank_gehry}}
* [https://archive.today/20130415223503/http://www.thejewishmuseum.org/exhibitions/gehrylamps Fish Forms: Lamps by Frank Gehry Exhibition (2010)] at The [[Jewish Museum (New York)]]
* [http://storiesofhouses.blogspot.com/2006/02/frank-gehrys-house-in-california.html STORIES OF HOUSES: Frank Gehry's House in California]
* [http://www.china.org.cn/arts/2012-06/01/content_25538531.htm Bidding for the National Art Museum of China's new site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120624052855/http://www.violetteeditions.com/books/previously_published/Frank_O_Gehry.html Gehry Draws on Violette Editions]
* [http://www.arti-fact.com/architect/map/19/Frank-Gehry Frank Gehry architecture on Google Maps]

{{Frank Gehry}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Frank Gehry
| list =
{{Wolf Prize in Arts}}
{{National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s}}
{{Pritzker Prize laureates}}
{{Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gehry, Frank}}
[[Category:20th-century American architects]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian architects]]
[[Category:21st-century American architects]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian architects]]
[[Category:Architects from Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Architects from Toronto]]
[[Category:Jewish American architects]]
[[Category:American furniture designers]]
[[Category:American male voice actors]]
[[Category:Art in Greater Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Canadian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Canadian furniture designers]]
[[Category:Canadian male voice actors]]
[[Category:Columbia University faculty]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of Canada]]
[[Category:Deconstructivism]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Institute of Architects]]
[[Category:Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni]]
[[Category:Honorary members of the Royal Academy]]
[[Category:Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts]]
[[Category:National Design Award winners]]
[[Category:Organic architecture]]
[[Category:People associated with the Philadelphia Museum of Art]]
[[Category:Postmodern architects]]
[[Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients]]
[[Category:Pritzker Architecture Prize winners]]
[[Category:Recipients of the AIA Gold Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal]]
[[Category:The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize winners]]
[[Category:USC School of Architecture alumni]]
[[Category:United States Army soldiers]]
[[Category:United States National Medal of Arts recipients]]
[[Category:Wolf Prize in Arts laureates]]
[[Category:Yale School of Architecture faculty]]
[[Category:American people of Polish-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Polish-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Canadian Jews]]
[[Category:20th-century American Jews]]
[[Category:21st-century American Jews]]
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]